资源简介 【2022新课标】2025秋新译林版英语八年级上册Unit 7 The natural world知识点总结(单词+短语+句子+语法)重点单词1. 自然景观与地理特征类:1. nature / ne t r/ n. 自然2. landscape / l ndske p/ n. 风景3. mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山脉4. valley / v li/ n. 山谷5. plain /ple n/ n. 平原6. desert / dez rt/ n. 沙漠7. forest / f r st/ n. 森林8. jungle / d ɡl/ n. 热带雨林9. cave /ke v/ n. 洞穴10. coast /k st/ n. 海岸2. 水体相关词汇11. river / r v r/ n. 河流12. lake /le k/ n. 湖泊13. ocean / n/ n. 海洋14. waterfall / w t f l/ n. 瀑布15. stream /stri m/ n. 小溪16. pond /p nd/ n. 池塘17. wave /we v/ n. 波浪3. 天气与自然现象18. climate / kla m t/ n. 气候19. storm /st m/ n. 暴风雨20. hurricane / h r k n/ n. 飓风21. tornado /t ne d / n. 龙卷风22. earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震23. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水24. drought /dra t/ n. 干旱25. fog /f ɡ/ n. 雾4. 动植物与生态系统26. species / spi i z/ n. 物种27. wildlife / wa ldla f/ n. 野生动物28. mammal / m ml/ n. 哺乳动物29. reptile / repta l/ n. 爬行动物30. insect / nsekt/ n. 昆虫31. extinct / k st kt/ adj. 灭绝的32. endangered / n de nd d/ adj. 濒危的33. habitat / h b t t/ n. 栖息地34. ecosystem / i k s st m/ n. 生态系统5. 环境保护与资源35. environment / n va r nm nt/ n. 环境36. pollution /p lu n/ n. 污染37. recycle / ri sa kl/ v. 回收利用38. reduce /r dju s/ v. 减少39. reuse / ri ju z/ v. 重复使用40. conservation / k ns ve n/ n. 保护41. sustainable /s ste n bl/ adj. 可持续的42. resource /r s s/ n. 资源6. 人类活动与自然互动43. explore / k spl r/ v. 探索44. discover /d sk v r/ v. 发现45. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护46. destroy /d str / v. 破坏47. hunt /h nt/ v. 狩猎48. survive /s va v/ v. 生存49. adapt / d pt/ v. 适应50. balance / b l ns/ n. 平衡7. 形容词描述自然51. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的52. beautiful / bju t fl/ adj. 美丽的53. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的54. peaceful / pi sfl/ adj. 宁静的55. huge /hju d / adj. 巨大的56. tiny / ta ni/ adj. 微小的8. 其他高频词汇57. surface / s f s/ n. 表面58. depth /depθ/ n. 深度59. height /ha t/ n. 高度60. distance / d st ns/ n. 距离61. energy / en d i/ n. 能量62. oxygen / ks d n/ n. 氧气63. carbon / kɑ b n/ n. 碳64. global / ɡl bl/ adj. 全球的65. wild /wa ld/ adj. 野生的主要短语1. 自然现象与地理特征1. in the wild 在野外2. natural resources 自然资源3. mountain range 山脉4. tropical rainforest 热带雨林5. deep in the jungle 丛林深处6. on the coast 在海岸边7. at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下8. a blanket of snow 厚厚的积雪2. 环境保护与生态9. protect the environment 保护环境10. reduce pollution 减少污染11. recycle waste 回收废弃物12. save energy 节约能源13. endangered species 濒危物种14. wildlife conservation 野生动物保护15. ecological balance 生态平衡16. sustainable development 可持续发展3. 自然灾害与应对17. natural disaster 自然灾害18. break out (灾难)爆发19. put out fires 灭火20. escape from danger 逃离危险21. in case of emergency 紧急情况下22. provide shelter 提供避难所4. 人类活动与自然互动23. go camping/hiking 去露营/徒步24. explore nature 探索自然25. take photos of wildlife 拍摄野生动物26. cut down trees 砍伐树木27. hunt for food 捕猎觅食28. adapt to changes 适应变化29. survive in harsh conditions 在恶劣环境中生存5. 描述自然状态30. be covered with 被...覆盖31. run through (河流)流经32. rise into the sky (烟雾)升入天空33. disappear forever 永远消失34. become extinct 灭绝6. 环保行动倡议35. turn off the lights 关灯36. use reusable bags 使用可重复使用的袋子37. plant more trees 种植更多树木38. pick up litter 捡垃圾39. spread awareness 提高意识7. 科学观测与发现40. do research on 研究...41. make a discovery 发现重点句型句子1. 自然现象描述1. The Amazon rainforest covers a huge area in South America.亚马逊雨林覆盖了南美洲的大片区域。2. Mountains rise high into the clouds.高山耸入云端。3. Rivers run through valleys and provide water for wildlife.河流穿过山谷,为野生动物提供水源。4. The desert stretches as far as the eye can see.沙漠一望无际。2. 环境保护与问题5. We must protect endangered animals from extinction.我们必须保护濒危动物免于灭绝。6. Pollution is destroying our natural world.污染正在破坏我们的自然界。7. Too many trees are being cut down every year.每年有太多树木被砍伐。8. Plastic waste is harming ocean creatures.塑料垃圾正在伤害海洋生物。3. 生态平衡与科学事实9. All living things depend on each other in an ecosystem.生态系统中所有生物相互依存。10. Bees play a key role in pollinating plants.蜜蜂在植物授粉中起关键作用。11. The loss of one species can affect the whole food chain.一个物种的消失会影响整个食物链。12. Climate change is causing more natural disasters.气候变化正在导致更多自然灾害。4. 环保行动倡议13. We should recycle paper to save trees.我们应该回收纸张来保护树木。14. Turning off lights saves energy.关灯可以节约能源。15. Using reusable bags reduces plastic pollution.使用可重复使用的袋子减少塑料污染。16. Everyone can help by picking up litter in parks.每个人都可以通过在公园捡垃圾来帮忙。5. 自然探索与观察17. Scientists are researching new ways to protect nature.科学家正在研究保护自然的新方法。18. We saw a rare bird species during our forest hike.我们在森林徒步时看到了一种稀有鸟类。19. The water in this lake is becoming clearer year by year.这个湖的水一年比一年清澈。20. Look! The leaves are turning yellow in the autumn wind.看!树叶在秋风中变黄了。6. 自然灾害与应对21. A terrible earthquake hit the city last night.昨晚一场可怕的地震袭击了这座城市。22. The villagers escaped to higher ground when the flood came.洪水来临时,村民们逃到了更高的地方。23. Forest fires can spread quickly in dry weather.森林大火在干燥天气里会迅速蔓延。24. We need to prepare emergency supplies for typhoons.我们需要为台风准备应急物资。7. 人与自然的关系25. Human activities are changing the natural balance.人类活动正在改变自然平衡。26. We are part of nature, not its masters.我们是自然的一部分,不是它的主人。27. Respecting nature means protecting our future.尊重自然就是保护我们的未来。28. Children should learn to love and care for nature.孩子们应该学会热爱和关心自然。8. 地理特征与气候29. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia.长江是亚洲最长的河流。30. This region has a mild climate with four distinct seasons.这个地区气候温和,四季分明。31. Tropical areas receive more rainfall than deserts.热带地区比沙漠降雨更多。32. The temperature drops below freezing in winter.冬天气温会降到零度以下。9. 野生动物保护33. Pandas mainly live in bamboo forests in China.熊猫主要生活在中国竹林里。34. Elephants are being protected in national parks.大象在国家公园里受到保护。35. Hunting wild animals is illegal in many countries.在许多国家,猎杀野生动物是违法的。36. We must create more wildlife reserves.我们必须建立更多野生动物保护区。10. 未来展望与呼吁37. If we don't act now, many species will disappear forever.如果我们现在不采取行动,许多物种将永远消失。38. Future generations will thank us for protecting nature.后代将会感谢我们保护了自然。39. Together, we can make our planet greener and healthier.携手合作,我们能让地球更绿更健康。语法点本单元语法继续学习动词及其基本句型:双宾语及宾语补足语(II),另一个语法点是并列连词。动词后可以跟双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)及宾语补足语。一)双宾语结构(间接宾语 + 直接宾语)某些动词可以接两个宾语,一个表示动作的接受者(间接宾语,通常是人),另一个是动作的直接对象(直接宾语,通常是物)。基本句型:主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)或主语 + 动词 + 直接宾语(物) + to/for + 间接宾语(人)1. 常见接双宾语的动词给予类:give, pass, send, show, lend, offer, teach, tellShe gave me a book. = She gave a book to me.(她给了我一本书。)He told us a story. = He told a story to us.获取类:buy, make, cook, get, find, saveMy mom bought me a gift. = My mom bought a gift for me.(妈妈给我买了一份礼物。)Can you save me a seat = Can you save a seat for me 2. 直接宾语与间接宾语的区分间接宾语:回答“给谁”或“为谁”。Show the teacher your homework.(给老师看作业)直接宾语:回答“什么”。Show your homework to the teacher.(展示作业)3. 必须用介词的情况当直接宾语是代词,或需要强调间接宾语时,需用 to/for 结构:正确:Give it to me.(不可说 Give me it.)强调:I made this cake for you, not for him.二)宾语补足语(宾语 + 补语)某些动词需要补充说明宾语的状态或动作,这类补充成分称为宾语补足语。基本句型:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1. 常见接宾语补足语的动词使役动词:make, let, have, getThe news made him happy.(消息让他高兴。)She let the children play outside.(她让孩子们在外面玩。)感官动词:see, hear, watch, notice, feelI saw her cross the street.(我看见她过了马路。)We heard the baby cry.(我们听到婴儿哭了。)认知类动词:call, name, elect, considerThey called him a hero.(他们称他为英雄。)We consider the project successful.(我们认为项目是成功的。)2. 宾语补足语的常见形式形式 例句形容词 Keep the room clean.(保持房间干净。)名词 They elected her leader.(选她当领导。)不定式 I want you to stay.(我要你留下来。)分词 I saw a bird flying.(我看见鸟在飞。)介词短语 Put the book on the desk.(把书放桌上。)3. 区分双宾语和宾语补足语双宾语:两个独立宾语(人+物)。Give me the pen.(给我笔。)宾语补足语:补语说明宾语的状态或动作。We call her Lily.(我们叫她莉莉。)三)易混淆点对比动词后接"to"还是"for"?to:强调方向(give, send, tell, show...)。Send the email to me.for:强调目的(buy, make, cook, choose...)。Cook dinner for us.省略"to"的不定式作宾补使役动词(let/make/have)和感官动词后,用动词原形:Let him go.(√)Let him to go.(×)被动语态中的宾补主动:They named the baby Tom.被动:The baby was named Tom.四)练一下判断结构(双宾语/宾补):She showed me her photos. → 双宾语We painted the wall blue. → 宾补用介词改写:He gave his sister a doll. → He gave a doll to his sister.总结下:双宾语:动词 + 人 + 物(或 物 + to/for + 人)。宾补:动词 + 宾语 + 补充说明(形容词/名词/不定式等)。关键区别:双宾语的两个名词独立存在,宾补的补语依附于宾语。并列连词本单元并列连词主要集中于and\ but\ or \so几个,这里稍有拓展。一)定义与功能定义:连接语法地位相同的单词、短语或句子的连词。作用:表示并列、转折、选择、因果等逻辑关系使句子结构更紧凑,避免碎片化表达二)常见并列连词分类及用法1. 基础并列连词连词 功能 例句(标点使用)For 表原因(正式) He stayed home, for it rained.(前后为完整句子,加逗号)And 表顺承/递进 She opened the door and walked in.(连接动作,不加逗号)But 表转折 It's cheap, but the quality is good.(加逗号)Or 表选择 Tea or coffee (单词并列不加逗号)So 表结果 I was tired, so I went to bed early.Yet 表强烈转折 She studied hard, yet failed the exam.Nor 表否定延续 He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink.(需倒装)特殊规则:连接 3个及以上 并列成分时,前几项用逗号隔开,最后用 and/or:I bought apples, bananas, and oranges.连接 完整句子 时,通常加逗号(口语中可省略)。2. 关联并列连词(成对使用)连词组合 功能 例句both...and... 两者都(肯定) She both sings and dances well.either...or... 二选一 Either you or I must go.neither...nor... 两者都不(否定) Neither Tom nor Mary was late.not only...but also... 不仅...而且... He not only writes but also illustrates books.语法注意:neither...nor... 和 either...or... 遵循 就近原则(动词与最近主语一致):Neither you nor he is right.both...and... 不能连接句子,只能连接单词/短语: She likes both tea and coffee. Both she likes tea, and he likes coffee.(错误)3. 其他常用并列连词连词 功能 例句while 而(对比) I like tea, while she prefers coffee.when 这时(突然转折) I was reading when the phone rang.三)并列连词的使用规则1. 标点符号规则连接单词/短语:通常不加逗号fast and effective连接完整句子:加逗号(正式写作):She smiled, and he waved back.不加逗号(口语/简短句):I ran and she followed.2. 避免常见错误 连词重复:Because it rained, so we canceled the trip.(删除"because"或"so") 碎片句:He likes apples. And oranges.(合并:He likes apples and oranges.)3. 特殊结构祈使句+and/or 表条件结果:Work hard, and you'll succeed.(= If you work hard, you'll succeed.)Hurry up, or you'll be late.四)并列连词 vs 从属连词类型 特点 示例并列连词 连接平等成分 I cooked and she cleaned.从属连词 引导从句(主从关系) I left because it was late.判断方法:并列连词前后成分可调换顺序(She cleaned and I cooked.)从属连词引导的从句不可独立存在 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览