资源简介

选修2 Unit4词汇本
1. cas·tle n. / kɑ sl/
①城堡；堡垒
a brain/heart, etc. surgeon 脑外科、心脏外科等医生
②(国际象棋) 车
IDIOMS 习语
1.(build) castles in the air( BrE )（建）空中楼阁；幻想；空想
2. input / np t/ n./v.
n. ①[ C/U]~ (into/to sth)~ (of sth)投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入；输入
②[ U]( 计) 输入；输入的信息 data input数据输入
v. ①输入（信息） to input text/data/figures 把文本╱数据╱数字输入计算机
3. cap·acity n. /k p s ti/
①[ U][ Cusually sing.] 容量；容积；容纳能力
The theatre has a seating capacity of 2 000.那座剧院能容纳2 000名观众。
The hall was filled to capacity (= was completely full) .大厅内座无虚席。
②[ C,usually sing.U]~ (for sth/for doing sth)~ (to do sth)领悟（或理解、办事）能力
She has an enormous capacity for hard work.她特别能吃苦耐劳。
③ [ C,usually sing.]职位；职责 SYN role
acting in her capacity as manager以她作为经理的身份行事
④[ sing.U]生产量；生产能力
The factory is working at full capacity.这家工厂在开足马力生产。
⑤[ C/U]（尤指车辆发动机的）容积，功率
an engine with a capacity of 1 600 ccs一台功率为1.6升的发动机
4. ana·lyse v. / n la z/ analysis n. analyst n.
①分析
5. mas·sive adj. / m s v/
①巨大的；大而重的；结实的 a massive rock一块巨大的岩石
②巨大的；非常严重的
The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。
6. coin v. /k n/
①创造（新词语）
②（用金属）铸（币），造（硬币）
IDIOMS 习语
1. be coining it (in)be coining money暴富；赚大钱；发大财
2.to coin a phrase
(1)套用一句老话；用老话来说
Oh well, no news is good news, to coin a phrase.噢，常言道，没有消息就是好消息。
(2)（引出为逗趣而稍加改动的名言）
7. fi·nance / fa n ns/ n./vt. financial adj.
n. ①[ U]~ (for sth)资金
Finance for education comes from taxpayers.教育经费来自纳税人。
②[U]财政；金融；财务
the Minister of Finance财政部长
③finances[ pl.]（个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理
government/public/personal finances 政府╱公共╱个人财力
vt. ①提供资金
8. au·tono·mous adj. / t n m s/ autonomy n.
①(国家、地区、组织) 自治的；有自治权的 SYN independent
an autonomous republic/state/province 自治共和国╱州╱省
②(人)自主的；有自主权的
9. do·mes·tic /d mest k/ adj./n.
adj. ①[本国的；国内的 domestic affairs/politics 国内事务╱政治
②[ only before noun] 家用的；家庭的；家务的
domestic appliances家用器具 domestic chores家务琐事
③喜爱家庭生活的；享受家庭乐趣的；乐于操持家务的
I'm not a very domestic sort of person.我不是那种很喜欢待在家里的人。
④(动物) 驯养的；作宠物饲养的；非野生的
n. ①家佣；佣人
②家庭纠纷；家庭矛盾
10. threat·en v. / θretn/ threat n.
①~ sb (with sth) 扬言要；威胁；恐吓
②预示凶兆；有…危险
A storm was threatening.暴风雨即将来临。
The clouds threatened rain.乌云密布预示大雨将至。
③危及；对…构成威胁 SYN endanger/ put at risk
Pollution is threatening marine life.污染正危及海洋生物。
11. com·mit v. /k m t/
①~ a crime etc. 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）
to commit murder犯凶杀罪
②~ suicide 自杀
③~ sb/yourself (to sth/to doing sth)承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）
The President is committed to reforming health care.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
④~ yourself (to sth)（公开地）表示意见，作出决定（以致日后难以更改）
You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这件事。
⑤~ (to sb/sth)忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
Why are so many men scared to commit (= say they will be loyal to one person)
为什么有这么多的男人害怕许诺忠诚于人？
⑥~ sb to sth下令）把（某人）送进（医院或监狱等）
She was committed to a psychiatric hospital.她被送进了精神病院。
⑦~ sth to memory把…学好记牢
She committed the instructions to memory.她把指令记得很牢。
⑧~ sth to paper/writing把…记（或写）下来
12. crime n. /kra m/
①[ U] 犯罪活动；不法行为
②[ C]~ (against sb) 罪；罪行
to commit a crime (= do sth illegal) 犯罪
The massacre was a crime against humanity .这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。
③a crime[ sing.] 不道德的行为；罪过
It's a crime to waste so much money.挥霍这么多钱是一种罪过。
13. mur·der / m d (r)/ n./v.
n. ①[ U/C] 谋杀；凶杀
②[ U] ( informal ) 困难的事；讨厌的事
It's murder trying to get to the airport at this time of day.这个时候要赶到机场简直要命。
v. ①谋杀；凶杀
②糟蹋；毁坏；弄坏
Critics accused him of murdering the English language).批评家指责他把英语给糟蹋了。
IDIOMS 习语
1.I could murder a... ( especially BrE informal )我非常想吃（或喝）
I could murder a beer.我很想来杯啤酒。
14. urge / d / v./n.
v. ①敦促；催促；力劝
② ~ sth (on/upon sb) 大力推荐；竭力主张
③驱赶；鞭策 He urged his horse forward.他策马前行。
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1. urge sb←→ on 鼓励；激励；为…加油
She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.她跑过他面前时，听到他在为她加油。
n. ①~ (to do sth)a strong desire to do sth强烈的欲望；冲动
I had a sudden urge to hit him.我突然很想揍他一顿。
15. pose /p z/ v./n.
v. ①造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生
to pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁╱挑战╱危险╱风险
② ~ a question ( formal ) 提问；质询
③ ~ (for sb/sth)（为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
The delegates posed for a group photograph.代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。
④~ as sb 佯装；冒充；假扮
The gang entered the building posing as workmen.这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。
⑤( disapproving) 招摇；炫耀；拿姿作态
I saw him out posing in his new sports car.我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。
n. ①（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势
He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。
② ( disapproving) 装腔作势；故作姿态
16. de·mand /d mɑ nd/ v./n. demanding adj.
v. ①强烈要求
②需要
This sport demands both speed and strength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。
③ ~ (for sb/sth)（为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
The delegates posed for a group photograph.代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。
n. ①[ C]~ (for sth/that...)（坚决的）要求；所需之物
a demand for higher pay增加工资的要求
② demands[ pl.]~ (of sth)~ (on sb)（尤指困难、使人劳累、令人烦恼等的）要求
the demands of children/work孩子烦人的事；工作中累人的事
③ [ U/C]~ (for sth/sb)（顾客的）需求，需要
to meet the demand for a product满足对某产品的需求
IDIOMS 习语
1.by popular de mand由于许多人的要求；由于普遍要求
By popular demand, the play will run for another week.
应广大观众要求，这出戏将加演一周。
2.in de mand需求大
Good secretaries are always in demand.优秀的秘书总是很抢手。
3.on de mand一经要求
Feed the baby on demand.宝宝需要就喂食。
17. vic·tim n. / v kt m/
①受害者；罹难者；罹病者；牺牲品
②受骗者；上当的人
③为祭祀杀死的动物（或人）；祭品；牺牲 a sacrificial victim祭品
IDIOMS 习语
1. fall victim (to sth.) 受伤；受损；被害
18. greedy adj. / ɡri di/ ( greed·iergreedi·est)
①~ (for sth) 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的；渴望的
The shareholders are greedy for profit.股东们都利欲熏心。
19. rec·og·ni·tion n. / rek ɡ n n/
① [ U]认出；认识；识别
② [ sing.U]~ (that...) 承认；认可
There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.人们认识到迫切需要改革。
③[ U]~ (for sth) 赞誉；赏识；奖赏
He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year.
他受到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成绩的肯定。
IDIOMS 习语
1. to change beyond/out of recognition变得面目全非；沧海桑田
The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
20. al·ter·na·tive / l t n t v/ n./adj.
n. ①可供选择的事物
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。
adj. ①可供替代的
an alternative method of doing sth做某事的其他方法
②非传统的；另类的
alternative comedy/lifestyles/values 非传统喜剧╱生活方式╱价值观
alternative energy 替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）
21. theft n. /θeft/ [ U/C]
①~ (of sth)偷；偷窃；盗窃罪
22. dis·tri·bu·tion n. / d str bju n/ distribute v. dis·tri·bu·tion·al / nl/ adj
①[ U/C]分配；分布
the unfair distribution of wealth财富分配不公
②[ U]；分送
the distribution of food and medicines to the flood victims
向遭受洪灾的灾民分发食品和药物
③[ U]( 商)（商品）运销，经销，分销
distribution costs经销成本
23. de·crease /d kri s/ v./n.
v. ①~ (from sth) (to sth)（使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低
The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.小麦价格降低了15%。
n. ①[ C/U] ~ (in sth)~ (of sth) 减少；降低；减少量 OPP increase
There has been some decrease in military spending this year.今年的军费开支有所减少。
a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum
参观博物馆人数下降将近6%
24. deny v. /d na / denial n.
v. ①否认；否定
There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。
It can't be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.
无可否认，我们必须投入更多的资源来解决这个问题。
②拒绝承认；拒绝接受
She denied all knowledge of the incident.她矢口否认知晓此事的任何情况。
③~ sth (to sb)~ (sb) (sth)( formal )拒绝；拒绝给予
They were denied access to the information.他们试图取得这个情报被拒。
④~ yourself (sth)( formal )（尤因道德或宗教原因）节制，克制，戒绝
25. quan·tity n. / kw nt ti/
①[ C/U] 数量；数额；数目
a large/small quantity of sth大量╱小量的…
a product that is cheap to produce in large quantities 可以低成本大批生产的产品
②[ U] 量；数量
The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity.
这份资料在质量和数量上都很有限。
③[ C/U] 大量；大批；众多；大宗
It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity .大宗购物比较便宜。
26. threat n. /θret/
①~ (to do sth) 威胁；恐吓
She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign.
对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动，她已做好了思想准备。
②[ U][ Cusually sing.]凶兆；征兆
These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.
新道路开发可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。
③[ Cusually sing.]~ (to sth) 构成威胁的人；形成威胁的事物
Drugs pose a major threat to our society.毒品成为对社会的一大威胁。
27. spy /spa / ( pl.-ies) n./v.
n. ①间谍；密探
v. ①从事间谍活动；搜集情报
②( literary) ( formal )突然看见；发现
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
在远处，我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。
IDIOMS 习语
1. spy out the land（事先）摸清情况，窥察虚实
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1. spy on sb/sth暗中监视，窥探（某人或事物）
Have you been spying on me 你是不是一直在暗中监视我？
2. spy sth←→ out查明，了解清楚（某事）
29. il·legal adj. / li ɡl/ OPP legal
①不合法的；非法的；违法的
illegal immigrants/aliens非法移民╱外侨
30. moni·tor / m n t (r)/ v./n.
v. ①监视；检查；跟踪调查
②监听（电话、外国无线电广播等）
n. ①显示屏；监视器；（计算机）显示器
②监控器；监测器 a heart monitor心脏监测器
③班长；级长；班代表
31. high·light / ha la t/ n./v.
n. ①最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分
②highlights[ pl.]挑染的头发; （图画或照片的）强光部分
v. ①突出；强调
②将（文本的某部分）用彩笔做标记；将（计算机屏幕的某区域）增强亮度；使醒目
③挑染（将部分头发染成浅色）
32. cap·sule n. / k psju l/
①（装药物的）胶囊
②（装物或装液体的）小塑料容器
③太空舱；航天舱
33. bury v. / beri/ burial n.
①埋葬；安葬
②把（某物）掩藏在地下；埋藏 buried treasure埋藏的财宝
③（以土、石、树叶等）覆盖
The house was buried under ten feet of snow.房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。
The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。
④ 遮盖；掩盖
Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.你的信被压在一堆文件底下。
He buried his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣。
⑤不顾，掩藏（感情、错误等）
She had learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。
⑥~ sth (in sth)to put sth deeply into sth else使陷入；把…插入（某物）
He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他双手插在口袋里缓步而行。
She always has her head buried in a book.她总是埋头读书。
IDIOMS 习语
1. bury the hatchet/ bury your differences消除隔阂（重归于好）
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1. bury yourself in sth
(1)专心致志于某事
Since she left, he's buried himself in his work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
(2)隐居
She buried herself in the country to write a book.她隐居乡间写书。
34. foun·tain n. / fa nt n/
①人工喷泉；喷水池
②喷泉；（液体或其他物质的）喷射，涌流
③丰富来源；源泉
Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city.旅游业是该市的重要收入来源。
35. con·tem·por·ary /k n tempr ri/ adj./n.
adj. ①~ (with sb/sth) 属同时期的；同一时代的
He was contemporary with the dramatist Congreve.他与剧作家康格里夫属于同一时代。
②当代的；现代的 SYN modern
life in contemporary Britain当代英国的生活
contemporary fiction/music/dance 当代小说╱音乐╱舞蹈
n. ①同代人；同辈人；同龄人
She and I were contemporaries at college.她和我在大学是同学。
36. seed /si d/ v./n.
v. ①结籽
②~ itself（种子）繁殖
③~ sth (with sth)在…播种 a newly seeded lawn新撒了草籽的草坪
④确定（某人）为种子选手
He has been seeded 14th at Wimbledon next week.
他被确定为下周温布尔登网球赛的第14号种子选手。
n. ①[ C/U]种子；籽
Sow the seeds outdoors in spring.春天把种子播在地里。
②[ Cusually pl.]~ (of sth)起源；起因；萌芽；开端
the seeds of rebellion反叛的起因
This planted the seeds of doubt in my mind.这件事在我心中播下了怀疑的种子。
③种子选手
IDIOMS 习语
1.go/run to seed
(1) (尤指蔬菜) 花谢结籽
(2)变得懒散颓废（或意志消沉）；衰败
After his divorce, he let himself go to seed.离婚后，他自暴自弃。
37. mus·cu·lar adj. / m skj l (r)/
①肌肉的
muscular tension/power/tissue 肌肉张力╱力量╱组织
②-limbed强壮的；肌肉发达的
a muscular body/build/chest 强壮的身体╱体格；肌肉发达的胸部
He was tall, lean and muscular.他高挑瘦削，强壮有力。
38. con·clude v. /k n klu d/ conlusion n.
①~ sth (from sth)~ (from sth) that... 断定；推断出；得出结论
It was concluded that the level of change necessary would be low.
结论是，需要作出的变更程度很低。
②~ (sth) (with sth)( formal )（使）结束，终止
Let me make just a few concluding remarks.我来讲几句话作为结束语。
③~ sth (with sb)达成，订立，缔结（协定）
They concluded a treaty with Turkey.他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。
39. jus·ti·fied adj. / d st fa d/
①~ (in doing sth)（做某事）有正当理由的
She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
②事出有因；合乎情理 OPP unjustified
His fears proved justified.他之所以害怕，证明是有原因的。
40. su·per·ior·ity n. /su p ri r ti/ [ U]
①~ (in sth)~ (to/over sth/sb)优越（性）；优势
the superiority of this operating system这种操作系统的优越性
to have naval/air superiority有海上╱空中优势
②优越感；神气活现的样子；盛气凌人的行为 OPP inferiority
an air of superiority神气活现的样子
41. vir·tual adj. / v t u l/
①很接近的；几乎…的；事实上的；实际上的；实质上的
The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war.
这个国家实际上正逐渐进入内战状态。
He married a virtual stranger.他娶了一位几乎素不相识的女子。
②（通过计算机软件，如在互联网上）模拟的，虚拟的
New technology has enabled development of an online ‘virtual library’.
新技术已经使在线“虚拟图书馆”的发展成为可能。
42. def·in·ition n. / def n n/ define v.
n. ①（尤指词典里的词或短语的）释义，解释
Neighbours by definition live close by .按照释义，“邻居”就要居住在邻近的地方。
②定义
What's your definition of happiness 你对幸福的定义是什么？
③[ U] 清晰度
The definition of the digital TV pictures is excellent.数字电视图像的清晰度很高。
43. sen·sor n. / sens (r)/
①（探测光、热、压力等的）传感器，敏感元件，探测设备
security lights with an infrared sensor带红外线传感器的保安灯
44. prac·tical / pr kt kl/ adj./n.
adj. ①实际的；真实的；客观存在的
to have gained practical experience of the work获得实际工作经验
practical advice/help/support 切实的忠告╱帮助╱支持
In practical terms , it means spending less.具体点说，那意味着少花些钱。
②(想法、方法或行动 )切实可行的 SYN workable OPP impractical
It wouldn't be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
③ (东西)有用的；适用的 OPP impractical
a practical little car, ideal for the city理想的城市实用小汽车
④ (人) 明智的；实事求是的 OPP impractical
Let's be practical and work out the cost first.咱们实际一点儿，先计算一下成本费用。
⑤(人)心灵手巧的；善于制作（或修补）的 SYN handy
Bob's very practical. He does all the odd jobs around the house.
鲍勃心灵手巧，家里的零活他都包了。
⑥[ only before noun]几乎完全的；实际上的 SYN virtual
She married a practical stranger.她等于是嫁了个陌生人。
IDIOMS 习语
1.for (all) practical purposes事实上；其实
There's still another ten minutes of the game to go, but for practical purposes it's already over. 比赛虽然还有十分钟，但实际上等于已经结束了。
45. aca·dem·ic / k dem k/ n./adj. aca·dem·ic·al·ly / kli/ adv.
adj. ①学业的，教学的，学术的（尤指与学校教育有关）
high/low academic standards高╱低学术水平
②学术的（与实践性、技术性相对）
academic subjects/qualifications 学科；学术资历
③学习良好的
She wasn't very academic and hated school.她学习不怎么样，而且讨厌上学。
④纯理论的；空谈的；学究式的
It is a purely academic question.这是一个纯理论问题。
n. ①高等院校教师；高校科研人员
46. en·gage v. / n ɡe d /
①吸引住（注意力、兴趣）
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
②~ sb (as sth)( formal )雇用；聘用
He is currently engaged as a consultant.他现在受雇为顾问。
③ ~ (with sth/sb)与…建立密切关系；尽力理解
She has the ability to engage with young minds.她能够与年轻人心意相通。
④与（某人）交战；与（某人）开战
to engage the enemy与敌人交战
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1.en gage in sth/ en gage sb in sth（使）从事，参加
She tried desperately to engage him in conversation .她用尽办法要他跟她谈话。
47. bar·rier n. / b ri (r)/
①屏障；障碍物
②~ (to sth)障碍；阻力；关卡
Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.缺乏信心是阻碍成功的心理因素。
③ ~ (between A and B)~ (against sth) 分界线；屏障；隔阂
48. ini·tial / n l/ adj./n.
adj. ①最初的；开始的；第一的
n. ①（名字的）首字母
② initials[ pl.]（全名的）首字母
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was often known by his initials JFK.
人们常以姓名的首字母JFK称约翰 菲茨杰拉德 肯尼迪。
Just write your initials.写下你的姓名首字母即可。
49. op·ti·mis·tic adj. / pt m st k/ optimistically adv. optimism n. optimist n.
①~ (about sth)~ (that...)乐观的；抱乐观看法的
50. annoy v. / n / an·noy·ance n. / n ns/
①使恼怒；使生气
It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you.
有人连谢谢都忘记说时我确实感到不愉快。
②打扰；骚扰 SYN bother
He swatted a fly that was annoying him.他猛力拍打一只搅得他心烦的苍蝇。
51. weed /wi d/ n./v.
n. ①[ C]杂草，野草（尤指庄稼或花园中的）
②[ U]水草
③the weed[ sing.] ( humorous)烟草；烟叶；香烟；烟卷
I wish I could give up the weed (= stop smoking). 但愿我能把烟戒掉。
v. ①除（地面的）杂草
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
1. weed sth/sb←→ out清除，剔除，淘汰（不需要的或较差的人或物）
52. globe n. /ɡl b/ global adj. globalize v.
① [ C]地球仪
②the globe[ sing.]地球，世界（尤用以强调其大）
tourists from every corner of the globe来自世界各地的游人
③[ C] 球体；球状物
53. ex·pense n. / k spens/
n. ①[ U] 费用；价钱
The garden was transformed at great expense .花园改建花了一大笔费用。
②[ C,usually sing.]花钱的东西；开销
Running a car is a big expense.养一辆车开销很大。
③expenses[ pl.] 开支；花费；费用
living/household/medical/legal, etc. expenses 生活费用；家庭开支；医疗、律师等费用
IDIOMS 习语
1.at sb's expense
(1)由某人付钱；由某人负担费用
We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
(2) 在某人受损的情况下；以某人为代价；跟某人开玩笑
2.at the expense of sb / sth在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下
He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。
54. envy / envi/ n./v. en·vi·ous adj. / envi s/
n. ①[ U]~ (of sb)~ (at/of sth)羡慕；忌妒
IDIOMS 习语
1.be the envy of sb/sth成为羡慕（或忌妒）的对象；成为羡慕（或忌妒）的东西
British television is the envy of the world.英国电视节目令世人羡慕。
v. ①羡慕；忌妒
②not ~ sb (sth)庆幸不必做别人非做不可的事
It's a difficult situation you're in. I don't envy you.你的处境很困难。幸亏我不是你。
I don't envy her that job.我庆幸不必干她的那份工作。

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