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高考英语阅读理解--事实细节题讲与练（附答案解析）
在高考英语阅读题的四种题型中，细节事实题是相对比较简单的一种题型。其解题步骤如下：
原文定位。所谓的“原文定位”，是指在原文中寻找题干或选项中出现的关键词。一般来说，有两到三个词是一样的句子，就属于原文定位句。
通常，命题者出题的时候，都是按照文章的段落顺序出题的，明白这个规律，可以大大减少原文定位的时间，提高解题效率。
原词重现。简单的说，就是在找到定位句之后，讲定位句与四个选项进行对比，选项与原文相似度最高的，几原词重复率比较高的，一般是正确答案。这是这类题的特点，这也是为什么有的学生句子都没有看懂也能解对题的原因。
同义替换。还有很多时候，即使选项与原文相似度非常高，但却是一个陷阱，最常见的是肯定和否定的区别。所以说，做阅读理解题，最好能够读懂定位句，因为正确答案往往是将原文定位句换了一个表达方式，即“同义替换”。
下面，我们通过一些历年高考英语阅读真题，来具体了解这种题型的出题和解题规律。
排序题
要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生发展的正确顺序。可以采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。技巧：先找出最早和最后发生的时间和事件，这样可以缩小范围，快速找出正确答案。
1.In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach (沙滩)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence (便士) to hire a machine and an
attendant (侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing
machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was
pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the
front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.
Q: In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which
is the right order for doing them
a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machine c. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machine e. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the water
A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c
2.A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm ' s heart by stamping（踩） on his chest after he fell down at
home and stopped breathing. Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors
would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her
father's chest instead.
What' s the right order of the events
① Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999. ③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm ' s heart stopped.
③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②
3.When the right mixture of cosmic dust (宇宙尘) comes together near a young star, a planet
begins to form slowly, the planet creates its own gravity (重力). That allows the planet to pull
material from the disk of gases and other matter floating around the star and grow.
Q: Which of the following shows the right order of a planet s formation (形成)？
a, that allows the planet to pull material b, slowly, the planet creates its own gravity c, matter floating around the star and grow. d, when the right mixture of cosmic dust comes together near a young star
b, a, c, d B. b, a ,d, c C. d, b, c, a D. d, b, a, c
4.The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands
the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Q: Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5？
A．scalp → computer → cap → wheelchair B. computer → cap → scalp → wheelchair
C. scalp → cap → computer → wheelchair D. cap → computer → scalp → wheelchair
5.Gerner manages school facilities or Clark Couy, evada, a district roughly
the size of Massachusetts. By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded
public - education system . Gerner needs 73 new schools t o house them. Four architecture teams
have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes （样品）: they plan to construct their
schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three
winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project
A. Assessment - Prototype - Design - Construction.
B. Assessment - Design - Prototype - Construction.
C . Design - Assessment - Prototype - Construction.
Design - Prototype - Assessment - Construction .
6.The Lampbrella is a standard - looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella
canopy. It has a built - in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors （传感器） then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works
A. motor - canopy -→ sensors B. sensors - motor - canopy
C. motor → sensors → canopy D. canopy - motor - sensors
事实细节题答案与解析
1. 答案：B (c, d, a, e, b, f)
解析**：根据原文，使用 bathing machine 的顺序为：支付 2 便士（c）→ 爬上机器（d）→ 更换泳衣（a）→ 机器被拉到海边（e）→ 从机器出来（b）→ 进入水中（f）。
2. 答案：B (④②③①)
解析：事件顺序为：父亲心脏骤停（④）→ 母亲拨打 999（②）→ Izzy 尝试 CPR（③）→ 踩踏父亲胸部（①）。
3. 答案：D (d, b, a, c)
解析：行星形成顺序：宇宙尘聚集（d）→ 产生重力（b）→ 吸引物质（a）→ 物质聚集并增长（c）。
4. 答案：C (scalp → cap → computer → wheelchair)
解析：信号路径为：头皮（scalp）→ 帽子（cap）→ 电脑（computer）→ 轮椅（wheelchair）。
5. 答案：D (Design → Prototype → Assessment → Construction)
解析：项目流程：设计（Design）→ 制作样品（Prototype）→ 评估（Assessment）→ 建设（Construction）。
6. 答案：B (sensors → motor → canopy)
解析：Lampbrella 工作原理：传感器（sensors）→ 电机（motor）→ 伞篷（canopy）。
计算题
高考英语阅读理解计算类题型主要考查学生提取信息、分析数据及逻辑运算的能力。题目通常结合图表、时间表或统计文本，要求计算数量、价格、时间差等。解题时需定位关键数据，注意单位转换与隐含条件，避免干扰项干扰。此类题难度适中，但需细心审题，确保计算准确。
1.Foreign drivers will have to pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.
If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be clamped(扣留)until they pay — and they will face an additional fee of ￡80 for getting back their vehicles.
Q: The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to _______. A.￡60 B. ￡300 C. ￡900 D. ￡980
2.Viewing Platform Penguin Plus(+V)
More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands. Adults $25.00 Child $12.50
Q: How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour
$37.50 B. $62.50 C. $180.00 D. $150.00
3.Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
4.How to Get to Holker
By Car : Follow brown signs on A590 from J36,M6.Approximate travel times : Windermere -20 minutes , Kendal -25 minutes , Lancaster -45 minutes , Manchester -1 hour 30 minutes .
How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester
A .20 minutes. B.25minutes. C.45minutes. D.90minutes.
5.Boston: Hubway
Station: Tremont St .& West St.
How much: 6 for a 24- hour pass.
How it works: The first 30 minutes are included in the pass; 2 for the second 30 minutes; 4 for
the third 30
Minutes: later 8 for every half an hour.
If you visit Boston by riding Hubway bike for 3 hours , you have to pay
A.6 B.30 C.20 D.36
6.Tuition Fees (学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz. Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@waikato. ac.nz Health
Q: You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
$5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
计算题答案与解析
1. 答案：D (￡980)
解析：现场罚款 ￡900 + 扣车费 ￡80 = ￡980。
2. 答案：B ($62.50)
解析：成人 \$25 × 2 + 儿童 \$12.50 = \$62.50。
3. 答案：B ($8)
解析：12 岁以下儿童免费，成人 4 × 2 = 8。
4. 答案：D (90 minutes)
解析：原文明确提到曼彻斯特到 Holker 需 1 小时 30 分钟。
5. 答案：C ($20)
解析：24 小时通行证 \$6 + 后 2.5 小时费用（$2 + $4 +$8 × 3 = $30），但题目问 3 小时总费用为 $6（前 30 分钟） + $2（第二个 30 分钟） + $4（第三个 30 分钟） + $8（剩余 1.5 小时 × 2）= $20。
6. 答案：B ($8,000)
解析：最低学费 $5,000 + 住宿 $100 × 12 + 生活费 $150 × 12 = $8,000。
同义替换
为了避免语言表述的单调重复，考试中经常会见到同一意思不同表述（同义转述）。例如“决定做某事”可以有以下几种表述方式：
1.decide to do sth.
2. make a decision to do sth.
3. determine to do sth.
4. be determined to do sth.
5. make a determination to do sth
6. resolve to do sth.
7. make a resolution to do sth.
8. make up one’s mind to do sth.
9. set one’s mind to do sth.
1.He seemed shocked by the news that he won the US $1.3 million prize.
Q: Coetzee was ______ when news came that he won the 2003 Nobel Prize for literature. A.excited B.surprised C.frightened D.satisfied
2.Coetzee is a vegetarian, a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn’t drink alcohol.
Q: John Maxwell Coetzee is a person who _______.
A.prefers riding a bike to a motor B. likes eating meat very much
C. ever drinks wine D. often accepts interviews
3.The snow storms that battered many parts of China at the end of 2007 were China’s worst in five decades.
Q: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT WRONG
A.The snowstorms ranked first in China’s recent 50 year’s history
B.Only 7 provinces and 1 autonomous region suffered from the snow storms.
C.Guangzhou went through a power failure for eight days.
D.90% of China’s forests were destroyed in the snowstorms.
4.The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze (分析) the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect (建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program.
Q: Who is the designer of the program
A. An official. B. An architect. C. A teacher. D. A scientist.
同义替换答案与解析
1. 答案：B (surprised)
解析："shocked" 同义替换为 "surprised"。
2. 答案：A (prefers riding a bike to a motor)
解析："cyclist rather than a motorist" 对应选项 A。
3. 答案：A (The snowstorms ranked first in China's recent 50 year's history)**
解析：原文 "worst in five decades" 对应选项 A。
4. 答案：C (A teacher)
解析：原文明确提到 "the teacher who developed this program"。
图表题
1.The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows......
CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY
Baby 750 Office worker 2,700
Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700
Man over 70 2,100 Boy aged 16 3,000
Woman 3,600 Farmer 2,600
Q: We may learn from the charts that ____________.
a child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does
a boy aged 16 required nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does
a mother with a baby to feed uses up more calories than a hard-working farmer each day
an old man needs less calories than an 8-year-old boy on account of his less movement
2.
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lf you are interested in working in a hotel, call_______.
A. 435 92 B. 534--7618 C. 324 9817 D. 357--2897
(2) If you want to get a job as a math teacher, send your resume to_______.
A. 237 Rockledge St., Syracuse, NY. 13224 B. 4 Road, Syracuse, NY. 13224
C. 500 Park Drive, Dewitt, NY. 13214 D. 19 south 8th St. NY. 1321.1
(3) If you dislike working on Sundays, being a_______should be your best choice.
A. cook B. secretary C. salesperson D. veterinarian assistant
图表题答案与解析
1. 答案：B (a boy aged 16 required nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does)
解析：16 岁男孩需 3,000 卡路里，8 岁儿童需 2,100 卡路里，接近 1.5 倍，但 B 最接近。
2. (1) 答案：D (357-2897)
解析：酒店前台职位对应 Mr. Jones 的电话。
(2) 答案：D (19 South 8th St, NY 13214)
解析：数学教师职位需将简历寄至 Wales Charter School。
(3) 答案：C (salesperson)
解析：销售员（salesperson）无需周末工作，其他职位（cook、secretary）需周末上班。
总结：事实细节题需精准定位原文，计算题注意数据提取与单位转换，同义替换题需理解上下文，图表题需结合图表信息分析。

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