高考英语专题复习 专题三 状语从句 清单素材-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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高考英语专题复习 专题三 状语从句 清单素材-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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高考英语专题复习
专题三 状语从句
目 录
(一)时间状语从句 2
1.【When/While/As】 2
2.【Before/After】 3
3.【Since】 4
4.【Until/Till】 5
5.【一…就】 6
(二)原因状语从句 7
(三)条件状语从句 9
(四)目的状语从句 10
(五)结果状语从句 11
(六)地点状语从句 11
(七) 方式状语从句 12
(八)让步状语从句 13
(九)比较状语从句 15
(一)时间状语从句
1.【When/While/As】
它们都有“当……时候”的意思,但在不同语境中意义也有所不同。
类别 作用 注意点 例句
When (at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。 最常用的,即可引导短暂性动词,也可引导持续性动作。从句动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when He became sad and angry when he saw pictures of hungry people in Africa. Whenever you find an interesting book in a bookshop,buy it at once.
注:在下列句型中,when可充当并列连词=and then: 1...was/were doing…when sth.did.. 2....was//were about to do.…when sth. did.=….was//were on the point ofdoing…when sth.did. 3...had just done.….when sth.did.. I had just locked the door when I realized I had left my key on the kitchen table. Lucy was walking through the village when she was bitten on the left leg by a dog.
while 表示“当……的时候”或 “在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或状态在从句中的动作过程或状态中发生。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。while强调动作本身。 从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。 While others are reading books silently,please don't speak loudly.
as 表示“当……时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。可译为“一边……一边”或“随着……”。 主句和从句的时态通常一致。 All the jury's eyes were on him as he continued.
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as可以互换使用。
2.【Before/After】
含义 注意点 例句
before 在…之前 ①有“才……”“还没来得及”的 含义before引导的从句不用否定式的谓语 ②before引导的从句不用否定式的谓语 。 He had lived in Japan for fifty years before he moved here.
after 在…之后 before 和after 还可以作为介词用,后接名词或动名词。 After he had lived in Japan for fifty years,he moved here.
Before句型
It+will/would/may be+ 时间段+ before...“要过多久才 … ”
It will/would not be+时间段+ before.. “不久就 … … ”
It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.
It was+时间段+ before ...“过了(多长时间)才 …… "”
It was not+时间段+ before ...“不久就……”“没过(多长时间)就 … … ”
It was some time before we realized the truth.
过了好一阵子我们才明白真相。
3.【Since】
since 主句 从句 例句
时态 现在完成时/现 在完成进行时 一般过去时 I have written home four times since I came here.
谓语动词 延续性的或反复发生过的动作 非延续性动词 She has been working in this factory since she left school.
Since句型
“It is+一段时间+since从 句 ”表示“自从 … … 时候已经多久了”
since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词,常理解为某 一 状态的终止; 若是终止性动词,则理解为某 一 动作的开始。如:
①It is three years since the war broke out.
(终止性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。
②It is three years since I smoked a cigar.(=since I stopped
(延续性动词)我不吸烟己有三年了。
4.【Until/Till】
Until 和till都表示“直到”,它们唯一的区别是 till不能置于句首。
肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词的肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如:
He remained there until/till she arrived.
You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如:
He won't go to bed till/until she returns.
not……until 句型中的强调和倒装用法。如:
直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。
1. 普通版:I had no idea of it until you told me./I didn't have any idea of it until you told me.
2. 强调句型:It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
3. 倒装句型: Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首,主句 要倒装)
tips: 在使用 not…until 句型的时候,倒装和强调不能同时使用。
5.【一…就】
(1)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute和 the instant 都表示从句的动作已发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。如:
①The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
(2)no sooner….than...;hardly/scarcely..when.. 也译为“一……就……"”;但其表示 主句的动作一发生,从句的动作随即就发生。如:
①I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
②We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.
注意:
a.此类结构中的时态搭配固定为:主句使用过去完成时,从句使用一般过去时。
b.当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的主句应用部分倒装语序。则上面的例句变为:
①Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
②No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
(二)原因状语从句
1.【含义】
在主句中充当原因状语的从句。通常由从属连词because,as,since,now that,in that引导。其中,because与其他连词不同,具体如下:(见下一页)
连词 原因 表示 位置 语气强弱 是否可用于回答提问 是否可用于强调句型
because 对方 不知 因为 主句 前后 强 是 是
as 双方 皆知 众所周知 弱 否 否
since 已成事实 常于主句前
now that 既然,提出新观点
in that 解释说明
2.【例句】
① Since you feel tired,you should take a good rest.
② As I didn't know the way,I asked a policeman.
③I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
④ Now that everybody is here,let's begin our meeting.
⑤This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
☆此外,when (等于since 或considering that),seeing(that) (由于,鉴于), considering(that)(考虑到),given(that) (考虑到)也可以表示原因,如:
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
(三)条件状语从句
1.【连词】
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless,so/as long as,in case,on condition that, suppose/supposing(that),provided that 等。
2.【含义】
(1)if 表示“如果、假如”,引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。如:
If you are not too tired,let's go out for a walk.
如果你不太累,我们出去散散步吧。
(2)unless 相当于 if not, 意思是“除非….”“如果不…就…”。如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
你如果不累,我们就出去走走吧、
(3)in case 表示“假如”。同时,它还可以引导目的状语从句,表示“以防万一”如:
In case there is a fire,what will we do first
万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?
(4)as long as/so long as 表示“只要”。 如:
As long as you don't lose heart,you will win her heart.
只要你不灰心,你就能赢得她的心。
(5)on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(that) (假设,如果),provided that (如果)等都可以引导条件状语从句。如:
Suppose/supposing(that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝我们,我们还能向谁求助呢?
(四)目的状语从句
【连词】
引导目的状语从句最常用的是so that(从句谓语常有情态动词),in order that,in case (以防万一),for fear that(以防,以免),lest等。如:
①You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
你必须说得更大声,这样才能让所有人都听到。
②He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he whould forget it.
他把这个名字写下来,以免忘记。
③Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多带些衣服,以防天气寒冷。
注意:in order that比so that 更正式,引导的目的状语从句可置于主句前后,而so that只能跟在主句之后。
(五)结果状语从句
【连词】
结果状语从句由so.that… 和 such...that..等引导,意为“如此…以致于 …”,其结构形式为:
(1)so+ 形容词/副词 + that 从句
So + 形容词+ a/an+ 可数名词单数形式 + that 从句
So+ many/much/few/little (少)+名词 + that 从句
(2)such+ a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数形式 + that 从句
such+ 形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词 + that 从句
such+ a lot of/lots of+ 名词 + that 从句
例:他是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。
① He is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
②He is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
(六)地点状语从句
【连词】
(1)在复合句中充当表示地点的从句。它由从属连词 where,wherever 等引导。从句既 在主句之前(通常为抽象意义)也可在主句之后,意为“在…地方”,“无论在…地方”。
① Where he had mistakes,he admitted these willingly.
②They followed the taxi wherever it went.
(2)有时地点状语还可以由anywhere,everywhere 引导。
①He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived.
② Everywhere they lived,they were warmly received.
(七) 方式状语从句
【连词】
通常由(just)as,as if,as though引导。
(1)as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如….”,“就像….”,多用于正式文体。如:
Just as we sweep our rooms,we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
就像我们打扫房间一样,我们也应该从脑海中清除旧思想。
(2)as if,as though 两者意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛…… 似的”,“好像……似的”。如:
①He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他看起来好像被闪电击中了。
②It looks as if the weather may pick up(转晴) very soon. (不用虚拟)看来天气可能很快就会转晴。
(3)as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。如:
① He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他盯着我,好像第一次见到我一样。
②He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,好像要说什么。
③He acted as if nothing had happened .
他表现得好像什么也没发生过。
(八)让步状语从句
【连词】
让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管…”或“即使… ”,可由 although,though,as,even if(though),however,whatever,whether ...or,no matter who(when,what,...)等引导。
(1)although,though,as
类别 共同点 不同点
although 主句中不能使用 but等转折连词,但可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用 不能倒装
though 可以形式倒装;也可以不倒装
as 须进行形式倒装。 形式倒装:让步从句中表语或状语(名词、形容词、副词、 分词、实义动词)提前,其他语序保持不变。 注:形式倒装中,可数名词单数提前需省略冠词
(2)ever if=even though 即使。如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
(3)while 引导让步状语从句时相当于although , 一般要位于句首。如:
While I like the color,I don't like the shape.
(4)no matter+疑问词=疑问词-ever
含义为“……都…;不管…… ·都……”,所引导的让步状语从句可以互换。如:
No matter what happened,he would not mind.
=Whatever happened,he would not mind.
【特别注意】(1) whether...o..表示“不论是否……”。可引导让步状语从句,它没有对应的 no matter 形式。如:
Whether you believe it or not,it is true.
(2)疑问词-ever 既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而 no matter+疑问词只能 引导让步状语从句。如:
① Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me.
=No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. (让步状语从句)
②He would believe whatever I said. (宾语从句)
(九)比较状语从句
【 连 词 】
比较状语从句常用“比较级+than”,“so(as).….as”,“the more ...the more”等引导。 如:
①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
我比你犯的错误多得多。
②He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
他尽可能地吸昂贵的香烟。
③ The busier he is,the happier he feels.
他越忙,他就越快乐。
As…as 结构中若想加名词,应为:
(1)as+形容词+(名词结构,即冠词+名词)+as
(2)as much+不可数名词+as
(3)as many+复数名词+as
如:
①She is as good a teacher as her mother.
她和她母亲一样是个好老师。
②You've made as many mistakes as I have.
你和我一样犯了很多错误。
③I haven't got as much money as I thought.
我没有我想的那么有钱。

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