资源简介 人教版英语高中必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 知识清单一、核心词汇(一)名词(n.)disaster:灾难;灾害earthquake:地震volcano:火山flood:洪水typhoon:台风hurricane:飓风storm:暴风雨lightning:闪电thunder:雷fire:火灾drought:干旱avalanche:雪崩tsunami:海啸tornado:龙卷风danger:危险;风险safety:安全warning:警告;警示signal:信号;暗号emergency:紧急情况;突发事件death:死亡property:财产survivor:幸存者victim:受害者reconstruction:重建forecast:预报(二)动词(v.)destroy:毁灭;破坏damage:损害;伤害lose:失去;丢失survive:幸存;活下来rescue:救援;营救shelter:避难;躲避warn:警告;警示happen:发生erupt:爆发flow:流动;溢出fall:倒塌;落下injure:伤害;使受伤prepare:准备search:寻找;搜寻provide:提供(三)形容词(adj.)injured:受伤的collapsed:倒塌的terrible:可怕的;糟糕的lucky:幸运的natural:自然的disastrous:灾难性的dangerous:危险的safe:安全的homeless:无家可归的calm:冷静的;平静的二、单词拓展nature(n.)→natural(adj.):自然的disaster(n.)→disastrous(adj.):灾难性的destroy(v.)→destruction(n.):破坏;毁灭damage(v.)→damage(n.):损害;损失survive(v.)→survival(n.):幸存;幸存者danger(n.)→dangerous(adj.):危险的safe(adj.)→safety(n.):安全warn(v.)→warning(n.):警告;警示die(v.)→death(n.):死亡injure(v.)→injured(adj.):受伤的predict(v.)→prediction(n.):预测;预报govern(v.)→government(n.):政府shock(v.)→shocked(adj.):感到震惊的lose(v.)→loss(n.):损失;失去rebuild(v.)→reconstruction(n.):重建三、核心短语natural disasters:自然灾害earthquake warning:地震预警volcanic eruption:火山爆发flood overflow:洪水泛滥suffer from:遭遇;经历fall down:倒塌catch fire:着火be trapped:被困seek help:寻求帮助carry out rescue:实施救援safe evacuation:安全撤离emergency situation:紧急情况first aid:急救post-disaster reconstruction:灾后重建preventive measures:预防措施weather forecast:气象预报natural disaster insurance:自然灾害保险keep calm:保持冷静help each other:互相帮助return to normal:恢复正常lose one's life:失去生命stay indoors:待在室内prepare for:为…… 做准备recover from:从…… 中恢复search for:寻找四、经典句式过去进行时与一般过去时连用:People were sleeping when the earthquake happened.(地震发生时,人们正在睡觉。)“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构:We should learn how to protect ourselves.(我们应该学会如何保护自己。)主谓宾结构:The storm destroyed many houses.(暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。)动名词作主语:Keeping calm is very important.(保持冷静很重要。)系表结构:They became homeless after the flood.(洪水过后,他们无家可归。)现在进行时:Rescuers are searching for survivors.(救援人员正在搜寻幸存者。)provide sth. for sb. 句型:The government provided help for the disaster victims.(政府向灾民提供了帮助。)be lucky to do sth. 句型:He was lucky to survive the fire.(他很幸运在火灾中幸存下来。)It takes...to do sth. 句型:It takes a lot of money to rebuild the city.(重建城市需要很多钱。)should do sth. 句型:We should prepare for natural disasters.(我们应该为自然灾害做准备。)五、语法要点(一)时态一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 last year, yesterday, ago 等时间状语连用。例如:A big earthquake happened in that area last year.过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,常与 when 引导的时间状语从句连用(主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时)。例如:People were sleeping when the earthquake happened.现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。例如:Rescuers are searching for survivors.(二)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,其基本结构为 “be + 过去分词”。例如:We were warned to stay away from the dangerous area yesterday.(昨天我们被警告远离危险区域。)(三)非谓语动词动词不定式:可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。常见结构有 “疑问词 + 不定式”“it's + 形容词 + to do sth.”“need to do sth.”“advise sb. to do sth.” 等。例如:It's important to keep calm when facing a natural disaster.动名词:可作主语、宾语等。常见结构有 “动名词作主语”“spend time doing sth.”“be busy doing sth.”“be good at doing sth.” 等。例如:Staying calm is very important in an emergency.六、重点词汇用法详解(一)名词用法disaster:既可指具体的某次灾难,也可泛指灾难这一概念。具体灾难:The earthquake was a terrible disaster.(这次地震是一场可怕的灾难。)泛指:Natural disasters can happen at any time.(自然灾害随时可能发生。)emergency:强调突然发生的、需要立即处理的紧急情况。例:We should keep a first - aid kit for emergencies.(我们应该为紧急情况准备一个急救箱。)survivor:指在灾难、事故等中幸存下来的人。例:The survivors of the flood were sent to a safe place.(洪水的幸存者被送到了安全的地方。)(二)动词用法destroy:强调彻底破坏,使其失去原有功能或价值,一般不用于被动语态。例:The fire destroyed the entire building.(大火烧毁了整栋大楼。)damage:指对事物造成一定程度的损害,但不一定是彻底毁坏,可用于被动语态。主动:The storm damaged many houses.(暴风雨损坏了许多房屋。)被动:Many houses were damaged by the storm.(许多房屋被暴风雨损坏了。)survive:作及物动词时,后接灾难、事故等名词;作不及物动词时,意为 “幸存下来”。及物:He survived the earthquake.(他在地震中幸存了下来。)不及物:Only a few people survived in the accident.(在这次事故中只有少数人幸存下来。)(三)形容词用法dangerous:用于描述事物具有危险性。例:It's dangerous to walk on the ice.(在冰上行走很危险。)safe:表示安全的状态。例:We are now in a safe place.(我们现在在一个安全的地方。)homeless:指无家可归的,常用来修饰人。例:The government helped the homeless people.(政府帮助了那些无家可归的人。)七、重点句型深度解析过去进行时与一般过去时连用结构:主语 + was/were + doing + when + 主语 + did用法:when 引导的时间状语从句表示一个短暂的动作,主句表示在这个短暂动作发生时正在进行的动作。拓展:还可以用 while 引导时间状语从句,此时主从句都用过去进行时,表示两个动作同时进行。例如:While we were having dinner, the phone rang.(我们正在吃晚饭时,电话响了。)“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构构成:what/which/how/when/where + to do用法:在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时,常接在 know, learn, decide, forget 等动词后。例:I don't know what to do next.(我不知道接下来该做什么。)(作宾语)It takes...to do sth. 句型结构:It takes (sb.) some time/money + to do sth.用法:it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。例:It took them three months to build the house.(他们花了三个月的时间建造这所房子。)八、常见错误辨析destroy 与 damage错误:The heavy rain destroyed the crops a little.正确:The heavy rain damaged the crops a little.辨析:destroy 表示彻底毁坏,而此处只是说雨水对庄稼造成了一点损害,应用 damage。survive 与 survival错误:His survive in the accident surprised us all.正确:His survival in the accident surprised us all.辨析:survive 是动词,此处需要名词作主语,应用 survival。keep calm 与 stay calm两者意思相近,都表示保持冷静,在大多数情况下可以互换。例:Keep calm!/Stay calm!(保持冷静!)九、单元话题相关表达描述自然灾害的影响:Natural disasters can cause great loss of life and property.(自然灾害会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。)谈论应对措施:We should follow the instructions of the authorities when a natural disaster happens.(当自然灾害发生时,我们应该听从当局的指示。)表达希望与祝愿:We hope that the people affected by the disaster can recover soon.(我们希望受灾难影响的人们能尽快恢复。) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览