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(共39张PPT)
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A 语法与交际
Miss Du’s morning
woke up 6:00
got up 6:05
took a shower 6:10
got dressed 6:40
ate breakfast 7:00
went outside 7:30
gave me a lift(捎…一程) 7:40
arrived at school 7:50
the bell rang 8:00
now
7:00
I ate breakfast .
6:10
I took a shower.
By the time I ate breakfast,
在… …之前
I had already taken a shower.
Time line
I took a shower 6:10
I ate breakfast 7:00
Before
now
7:40
Mr. Li gave me a lift
（捎…一程）.
7:35
The bus left.
By the time Mr. Li gave me a lift,
在… …之前
the bus had already left.
Time line
Mr. Li gave me a lift. 7:40
The bus left. 7:35
Before
now
8:00
The students showed up.
(赶到,露面)
7:50
I arrived at school.
By the time the students showed up,
I had already arrived at school.
Time line
When
The students showed up. 8:00
I arrived at school. 7:50
Tina’s terrible morning.
This morning, the alarm clock didn’t go off. Tina overslept. By the time/When/Before…
now
The bus
left.
Tina
got up.
Time line
Her brother
got into
the shower.
She
rushed
outside.
She left her
backpack
at home.
She got
to school.
She left the
key in the
backpack.
She got
home.
She got
back to
school.
The bell
rang.
had gotten
had rung
had left
had left
had left
故事接龙
now
8:00
The bell rang.
7:50
I arrived at school.
By the time the bell rang,
I had already arrived at school.
Time line
When
请同学们也试一试吧！
在时间轴上标出你的活动，并仿造句子。
By the time I ate breakfast,I had already taken a shower.
在… …之前
Before
By the time Mr. Li gave me a lift,the bus had already left.
Before
By the time the teachers showed up,I had already arrived at school.
Before
Read the sentences and find out the rules.
什么是过去完成时？
过去完成时,表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
the past of the past
past
now
过去完成时的结构
过去完成时的句式结构
(1) 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
(2) 否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
(3) 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
Grammar Focus
规 则 动 词 的 过 去 分 词
过 去 分 词
动词分类 变化规则 e.g.
一般动词 -ed work---worked
以不发音的“e、ue”结尾 -d live---lived
以“辅音+y”结尾 变y为ied cry---cried
以“重读闭音节”结尾 双写末尾辅音-ed plan---planned
A-A-A 型
不规则动词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词
cut cut cut cost cost cost
hurt hurt hurt hit hit hit
let let let put put put
read read read shut shut shut
set set set
A-B-B 型
不规则动词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词
buy bought bought bring brought brought
dream dreamt dreamt learn learnt learnt
feed fed fed find found found
hang hung hung have had had
catch caught caught dig dug dug
feel felt felt build built built
A-B-C型
不规则动词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词
be was/were been blow blew blown
bear bore born beat beat beaten
break broke broken do did done
draw drew drawn drive drove driven
eat ate eaten fly flew flown
give gave given know knew known
A-B-A 型
不规则动词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
become became become
come came come
overcome overcame overcome
run ran run
过去完成时的用法
用 法 一
1. 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作。
通常与by, before,when，by the time 引导的时间状语连用。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
例: When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
She had been in the city for ten years before she died.
过 去 完 成 时 的 用 法
深 入 调 查
用 法 二
2. 表示过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作。
通常与for, since 引导的时间状语连用。
例: He said he had made great progress since he came here.
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
过 去 完 成 时 的 用 法
深 入 调 查
3. 放在said, told, asked, thought,wondered等过去时动词后面，表示这些动作发生之前已经发生的事情。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.
例: My friend told me that he had passed the exam.
用 法 三
She wondered who had left the door open.
过 去 完 成 时 的 用 法
深 入 调 查
过去完成时VS其他时态
过去完成时 VS 现在完成时
对 比 分 析
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响。
过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去的时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
过去完成时 VS 现在完成时
对 比 分 析
I have been in Zootopia for two years.
now
Judy came
I had been in Zootopia for ten years before Judy came.
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Read the following sentences and answer the questions.
Grammar Focus
在以上的时间状语从句中，主句和从句的动作是先后发生还是同时发生
主从句都用过去时态的时间状语从句的引导词有什么
主句为过去完成时，从句是一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句之前。
两个动作同时进行，主从句都是一般过去时或过去进行时。
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
1. 主句和从句的动作是同时发生，或者是在进行一个动作时，另外一个动作突然发生。
2. 主从句都用过去时态的时间状语从句引导词有when, as 等。
过去完成时 VS 一般过去时
对 比 分 析
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点前就到车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到了车站。
过去完成时 VS 一般过去时
对 比 分 析
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before, after, as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
I (had) called her before I left the office.
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
2. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，不能单独使用，一般和一般过去时一起使用。
选 择 动 词 的 适 当 形 式 填 空
认 真 思 考
1. Most of us _____________ our compositions already.
finished
have finished
had finished
2. We ___________ our compositions at nine o’clock.
3. Most of us _____________ our compositions before the teacher came.
1. We __________three lessons last week.
have learned
learned
had learned
2. We______________ five lessons by end of last term.
3. We ____________ five lessons by the beginning of this term.
选 择 动 词 的 适 当 形 式 填 空
认 真 思 考
1. He said he______________ the exhibition yet.
hasn’t visited
hadn’t visited
didn’t visit
2. He ____________the exhibition yet, so he will go there next week.
3. He _____________the exhibition yesterday.
选 择 动 词 的 适 当 形 式 填 空
认 真 思 考
Let’s do some exercises.
4a Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
______________________________________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.
______________________________________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
______________________________________________________________
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
Before I could put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
______________________________________________________________
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
______________________________________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my
language course.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
The movie had already started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
4a Make sentences using by the time or before.
Write the past form and past participle for the following verbs.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
rushed rushed
forgot forgotten
arrived arrived
went gone
showed shown
found found
原形
过去式
过去分词
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else ____ already
_________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ____________
to add the green beans.
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I ______
already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
had
shown up
had forgotten
had
rushed out
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about the
earthquake.
5. When she _________ the movie theatre, she remembered she had
forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _____________ the
building.
arrived at
had gone into
had found out
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
Homework
1. Finish 4c on your book.
2. Do the exercises on your exercise book.
3. Try to use the past perfect tense as much as possible.
Thank you!

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