资源简介

(共25张PPT)
句子结构
句子的类型
结构
并列句
简单句
复合句
只有一个主语（或并列主语）加一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子是简单句。
含有两个或两个以上独立分句的句子是并列句。
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
一、简单句
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾宾补
主谓间宾直宾
主系表
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
1、主谓
在此句型中，谓语是不及物动词(短语)，其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词(短语)表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语，简单概括就是“谁+做”。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带副词、介词短语等状语修饰动词(短语)。
She cried.
她哭了。
He is running.
他正在跑步。
Tom is swimming in the pool.
Tom正在泳池里游泳。
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
2、主谓宾
该句型中的谓语是及物动词(短语)，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，如动词的 ing形式、动词不定式或从句等。
I like your words． 我喜欢你说的话。
She finished her homework . 她完成了作业。
I finished reading the book.
我读完了这本书。
He decided to buy a computer.
他决定买一台电脑。
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
3、主谓宾宾补
英语中，句式中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态，直接跟在宾语之后。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、副词和介词短语。
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
We elected Tom our monitor . 我们选汤姆为我们的班长。
The news made him happy.
这个消息使他感到高兴。
I find it very difficult to solve this problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
3、主谓宾宾补
①His mother bought him a computer. 他的妈妈给他买了一台电脑。
② He gave Lily a book. 他给了Lily一本书。
4、主谓间宾直宾
该句式中的谓语动词需接两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。表示人的是间接宾语；表示物的是直接宾语。间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。
①His mother bought him a computer. 他的妈妈给他买了一台电脑。
② He gave Lily a book. 他给了Lily一本书。
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
区别：主谓宾宾补VS 主谓间宾直宾
We elected Tom our monitor.
我们选Tom当班长。
He gave Lily a book. 他给了Lily一本书。
主谓宾宾补
主谓间宾直宾
没有主谓关系
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。
(1)间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。
Li Hua bought me a birthday present.
李华给我买了一件生日礼物。
(2)间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。
She passes him a cup of tea.
她递给他一杯茶。
＝Li Hua bought a birthday present for me.
＝She passes a cup of tea to him.
4、主谓间宾直宾
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
5、主系表
该句式系动词和表语二者缺一不可，侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样。作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式、介词短语、句子等。
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
系动词没有被动形式
My head aches.
我头疼。
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习。
They have left.
他们已经走了。
系动词
1. 表“状态”:
2. 表“持续”：
3. 表“像”：
4. 表“感觉”：
5. 表“变化”：
6. 表“终止”:
remain, keep, stand
seem, appear, look
feel, smell, taste, look, sound
become, turn, make, grow, fall, get, go, come, run
prove, turn out(结果是...）
be动词
常见的系表结构短语：
come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf/blind, keep fit, go hungry等。
二、并列句
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号（一般是分号；）连接而成的句子叫并列句。
These flowers are white and those flowers are red.
We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing.
I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on.
I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key.
We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing.
Hurry up; it's getting late.
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
（1）表示顺承和递进，连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
（2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
I like to watch TV or play games in my free time.
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 快点，否则你将错过公交车。
并列句的分类
（3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while, still, however, nevertheless等。
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who.
He was feeling very ill. However, he still went to school.
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
特别提醒：
当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。
例：The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it.
（4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有because, since, for, so, therefore等。
He was late for school because he got up late.
He got up late so he was late for school.
练一练: 找出并列连词并说明该句子属于哪一类并列关系。
Neither is he mistaken, nor am I.
She not only finished her homework, but (also) washed her clothes.
We love peace but we are not afraid of war.
He worked hard, yet he failed.
The news may be unexpected; nevertheless it is true.
Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold.
Start out right away, or/ otherwise you'll miss the first train.
It was late, so we went home.
We listened eagerly, because he brought news of our families.
练一练: 找出并列连词并说明该句子属于哪一类并列关系。
三、复合句
The story sounds interesting.
那个故事听起来很有趣。
Her dream has come true.
她的梦想实现了。
The food seems to be nice.
这食物似乎不错。
Suddenly he became angry.
突然他生气了。
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
2. 分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。
Who will go is not important.
谁将去并不重要。
(1)名词性从句
1）主语从句：
在句子中起主语作用的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句可以由连词（that, whether)、连接代词（who, whom, whose,which, what, whatever, whoever,whichever等）、连接副词（when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等）引导，且不能省略。
Who will go is not important.
谁将去并不重要。
Who will go is not important.
谁将去并不重要。
2）宾语从句：
在句子中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。可以是动词的宾语；可以是介词的宾语；也可以是形容词的宾语。
I don't know what he is talking about.
我不知道他在谈什么。
(1)名词性从句
I don't know what he is talking about.
我不知道他在谈什么。
3）表语从句：
复合句中在系动词后面作表语的从句叫表语从句。常用的连接词有从属连词whether,that; 连接代词what，who, which等；连接副词 when, where等。此外，表语从句还可以用as if, as though, because等来引导。if不能引导表语从句。
The good new is that he passed the exam.好消息就是他通过考试了。
The fact is that he is one of the top three physicists in China.
事实是，在中国，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一。
(1)名词性从句
常用的连接词有从属连词whether,that; 连接代词what，who, which等；连接副词 when, where等。此外，表语从句还可以用as if, asThe good new is that he passed the exam.好消息就是他通过考试了。 though, because等来引导。if不能引导表语从句。
4）同位语从句：
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句往往用来说明某些名词的实际内容或对该名词作进一步的解释。常见的有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, suggestion, conclusion等。
He tells us the good new that he passed the exam.他告诉我们他通过考试的好消息。
The hope that he may recover is not lost.
他会康复的希望没有消失。
(1)名词性从句
Who will go is not important.
谁将去并不重要。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，放在从句句首引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.
正和我父亲交谈的那个人是一个警察。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
词典是解释词语的书。
This is the place where I live. 这是我住的地方。
(2)定语从句
Who will go is not important.
谁将去并不重要。
主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语、形容词、副词。一般分为九大类，分别为时间、地点 、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
You can tell me if you need help.
如果你需要帮助，你就告诉我。
Listen and be quiet while others are talking!
在别人说话时要听着，保持安静！
(3)状语从句

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