资源简介 (共57张PPT)英语小升初必考句型目录Part One.There be 句型Part Two.一般现在时Part Three.现在进行时Part Four.一般过去时Part Five.形容词比较级 / 最高级Part Six.疑问句Part Seven.祈使句Part Eight.情态动词Part One-There be 句型There is/are + 主语 + 地点状语结构就近原则、时态变化(过去时 there was/were)、否定句(There isn't/aren't)考点每年 2-3 题,占比约 10%真题频次一、基本结构与 be 动词的选择01There is a cat under the chair.(现在时,主语 “a cat” 为单数)There was some milk in the glass yesterday.(过去时,主语 “milk” 为不可数名词)单数主语 / 不可数名词 → 用 is(现在时)、was(过去时)02There are three books on the desk.(现在时,主语 “three books” 为复数)There were many students in the hall last week.(过去时,主语 “students” 为复数)复数主语 → 用 are(现在时)、were(过去时)03There is a pen and two pencils in the box.(最近的主语 “a pen” 为单数,用 is)There are two pencils and a pen in the box.(最近的主语 “two pencils” 为复数,用 are)就近原则:当主语是由 “and” 连接的多个名词时,be 动词的形式与最近的主语保持一致二、时态变化表示将来存在的状态,用 There will be 或 There is/are going to beThere will be a party tomorrow evening.There is going to be a football match next week.一般将来时:表示过去存在的状态,用 was/wereThere were no cars in this street 50 years ago.一般过去时:表示现在存在的状态,用 is/areThere is a park near my home.一般现在时:三、否定句There won't be a meeting tomorrow.将来时There isn't a library here.(单数 / 不可数);There aren't any apples.(复数)现在时There wasn't a hospital in the village.;There weren't enough chairs.过去时020103在 be 动词后加 not(注意缩写形式)四、疑问句Is there a bank near here (肯定回答:Yes, there is. 否定回答:No, there isn't.)Were there any birds in the tree yesterday (肯定回答:Yes, there were. 否定回答:No, there weren't.)一般疑问句01对数量提问(主语为可数名词):How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点?How many students are there in your class 对数量提问(主语为不可数名词):How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点?How much water is there in the bottle 对地点提问:Where + be 动词 + there? Where is there a good restaurant 特殊疑问句02将 be 动词提到 there 之前,句末加问号:五、易错点提醒01正确:There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书。)正确:I have a book.(我有一本书。)避免与 “have” 混淆:There be 表示 “存在”,have 表示 “拥有”。02正确:There is some rice in the bowl.(碗里有一些米饭。)错误:There are some rice in the bowl.不可数名词作主语时,be 动词用单数(is/was),即使有 “some” 修饰。03In the room, there are three people.(房间里有三个人。)时间 / 地点状语可位于句末或句首(强调地点时)。1. There ______ a big tree and some flowers in the garden.A. is B. are答案:A解析:There be句型遵循"就近原则",靠近be动词的主语"a big tree"是单数,因此用is。2. ______ there any milk in the fridge A. Is B. Are答案:A解析:"milk"是不可数名词,视为单数,因此be动词用is。小试牛刀3.There ______ two libraries in our school five years ago.A. was B. were答案:B解析:主语"two libraries"是复数,且时间状语"five years ago"表示过去,因此用were。4. There ______ not any books on the shelf.A. isn't B. aren't答案:B解析:主语"books"是复数,否定句中be动词用aren't。小试牛刀5. How many students ______ in your class A. is there B. are there答案:B解析:"students"是复数,特殊疑问句中be动词用are,因此选are there。6. There ______ a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.A. will be B. is答案:A解析:时间状语"tomorrow afternoon"表示将来,因此用There will be结构。小试牛刀Part Two-一般现在时主语+ 动词原形 / 第三人称单数形式(-s/-es)结构01第三人称单数变化规则、频率副词(often, usually)、否定句(don't/doesn't)考点02每年3-4 题,占比约 15%真题频次03一、基本用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作(常与时间状语如 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day 等连用)I get up at 7:00 every morning.(我每天早上 7 点起床。)She often goes to the park on weekends.(她经常周末去公园。)表示客观事实、真理或永恒不变的状态The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)Water boils at 100℃.(水在 100 摄氏度沸腾。)表示现阶段的状态或特征He likes playing basketball.(他喜欢打篮球。)My brother is a teacher.(我哥哥是一名教师。)用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中,代替一般将来时I will call you when she arrives.(她到的时候我会打电话给你。)If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)二、动词形式变化01be 动词的变化第一人称单数(I)→ am第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)→ is其他人称(you/we/they/ 复数名词)→ are例:I am a student.He is a doctor.They are good friends.02实义动词的变化主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)时,动词需加 -s/-es(规则变化):一般动词加 -s:work → works;play → plays以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加 -es:pass → passes;fix → fixes;teach → teaches;wash → washes;go → goes以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 加 - es:study → studies;carry → carries其他人称(I/you/we/they/ 复数名词)用动词原形:例:I study English. / They play football.三、句式结构主语 + be 动词 + 其他.例:She is happy. / They are in the classroom.主语 + 实义动词 + 其他.例:He plays tennis. / We eat breakfast at 7:00.肯定句Be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例:Is he a teacher → Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.Do/Does + 主语 + 实义动词原形 + 其他?(第三人称单数用 Does,其他人称用 Do)例:Do you speak French → Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.一般疑问句主语 + be 动词 + not + 其他.例:It is not cold. / You are not late.主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 实义动词原形 + 其他.(第三人称单数用 doesn’t,其他人称用 don’t)例:She doesn’t like coffee. / They don’t live here.否定句疑问词 + be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例:Where is your bag → It’s on the desk.疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 实义动词原形 + 其他?例:What do you do → I am a student.特殊疑问句四、常见易错点提示01第三人称单数动词的变化:易漏加 -s/-es,如误写 "He play football"(正确:He plays football)。否定句和疑问句中实义动词的形式:需用原形,如误写 "She doesn’t plays tennis"(正确:She doesn’t play tennis)。02与 "be 动词" 和 "实义动词" 的连用:一般现在时中,be 动词和实义动词不能同时出现,如误写 "They are play basketball"(正确:They play basketball)。031. My mother ______ (cook) dinner every evening.小试牛刀答案:cooks解析:主语 “my mother” 是第三人称单数,根据一般现在时规则,实义动词需用第三人称单数形式,cook 的第三人称单数为 cooks。2. ______ your father ______ (read) newspapers in the morning A. Do; read B. Does; read答案:B解析:主语 “your father” 是第三人称单数,一般疑问句需用助动词 does 开头,后面接动词原形 read,故选 B。3. Tom ______ (not like) playing basketball. He likes football.小试牛刀答案:doesn’t like解析:主语 “Tom” 是第三人称单数,否定句需用助动词 doesn’t,后面接动词原形 like,故填 doesn’t like。4. The earth ______ (go) around the sun.答案:goes解析:此句描述客观真理,用一般现在时;主语 “the earth” 是第三人称单数,go 的第三人称单数为 goes(以 o 结尾加 es)。Part Three-现在进行时主语+ am/is/are + 动词 - ing结构动词- ing 形式变化规则、时间状语(now, look)、疑问句(Is/Are...doing )考点每年2-3 题,占比约 10%真题频次一、基本结构主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式第一人称单数(I)→ am + 动词 - ing第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)→ is + 动词 - ing其他人称(you/we/they/ 复数名词)→ are + 动词 - ing例:I am reading a book.(我正在看书。)She is singing.(她正在唱歌。)They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球。)二、动词 - ing 形式变化规则一般动词:直接加 - ingwork → working;play → playing;look → looking1以不发音的 e 结尾:去 e 加 - ingtake → taking;dance → dancing;write → writing2以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 + 辅):双写最后一个辅音字母加 - ingrun → running;swim → swimming;sit → sitting3以 ie 结尾:变 ie 为 y 加 - inglie → lying;die → dying4三、句式结构主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing + 其他He is watching TV now.(他现在正在看电视。)We are having a class.(我们正在上课。)肯定句主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词 - ing + 其他She is not (isn’t) dancing.(她没在跳舞。)They are not (aren’t) playing basketball.(他们没在打篮球。)否定句疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词 - ing + 其他?What is she doing (她正在做什么?)→ She is drawing a picture.Where are they playing (他们正在哪里玩?)→ They are playing in the park.特殊疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 - ing + 其他?Is he reading a newspaper (他正在看报纸吗?)→ Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.Are they talking (他们在说话吗?)→ Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.一般疑问句1. Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in the next room.答案:is singing解析:“Listen!” 是现在进行时标志,主语 “someone” 视为单数,用 is + singing。2.My parents ______ (watch) TV now.答案:are watching解析:“now” 提示现在进行时,主语 “my parents” 是复数,用 are + watching。小试牛刀3.We ______ (not play) football. We’re reading.答案:aren’t playing解析:后句用现在进行时,前句也用现在进行时否定形式 aren’t + playing。Part Four-一般过去时主语+ 动词过去式(规则 + ed / 不规则变化)结构不规则动词表、时间状语(yesterday, last week)、否定句(didn't + 动词原形)考点每年2-3 题,占比约 10%真题频次一、基本结构一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 2020 等。01含实义动词:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他02含 be 动词:主语 + was/were + 其他第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)→ was其他人称(you/we/they/ 复数名词)→ were二、动词过去式变化规则01规则动词:一般加 - ed:work → worked;play → played以不发音的 e 结尾加 - d:live → lived;like → liked以辅音字母 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 - ed:study → studied;carry → carried以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 + 辅):双写最后一个辅音字母加 - ed:stop → stopped;plan → planned02不规则动词:需特殊记忆(常见例词)go → went;come → came;see → saw;eat → ate;do → did;is/am → was;are → were三、句式结构实义动词:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他例:He didn’t play basketball yesterday.(他昨天没打篮球。)be 动词:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他例:She wasn’t a teacher.(她以前不是老师。)否定句:实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:Did he play basketball yesterday (他昨天打篮球了吗?)→ Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.be 动词:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?例:Were you at home last night (你昨晚在家吗?)→ Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.一般疑问句实义动词:He played basketball yesterday.(他昨天打篮球了。)be 动词:She was a student in 2018.(2018 年她是一名学生。)肯定句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(实义动词)例:What did you do yesterday (你昨天做什么了?)疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?(be 动词)特殊疑问句:1.He ______ (go) to the park with his friends yesterday.答案:went解析:“yesterday” 提示用一般过去时,go 的过去式是不规则变化 went。2.______ you ______ (watch) TV last night A. Do; watch B. Did; watch答案:B解析:“last night” 提示用一般过去时,一般疑问句用助动词 did 开头,后接动词原形 watch,故选 B。小试牛刀3.My parents ______ (not be) at home last weekend.答案:weren’t解析:“last weekend” 提示用一般过去时,主语 “parents” 是复数,be 动词用 were,否定形式为 weren’t。4.She ______ (study) English in 2019.答案:studied解析:“in 2019” 提示用一般过去时,study 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,过去式变 y 为 i 加 - ed,即 studied。5.She ______ (not eat) breakfast this morning.答案:didn’t eat解析:“this morning”(今天早上,已过去)提示用一般过去时,否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 eat。小试牛刀6.— ______ your brother ______ (be) in Shanghai last year — No, he ______.A. Was; wasn’t B. Were; weren’t答案:A解析:“last year” 提示用一般过去时,主语 “your brother” 是单数,be 动词用 was,否定回答用 wasn’t,故选 A。Part Five-形容词比较级/最高级比较级(-er/more)、最高级(-est/most)结构单音节 / 多音节词变化规则、than 和 the的使用、特殊变化(good→better→best)考点每年2-3 题,占比约 10%真题频次一、变化规则形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示 “更……”;最高级用于三者及以上的比较,表示 “最……”。两者均有规则变化和不规则变化,且句式结构有明确区别。规则变化 情况 比较级(+er) 最高级(+est) 例词单音节词(一般) 直接加 er 直接加 est tall → taller → tallest以不发音 e 结尾 加 r 加 st nice → nicer → nicest以 “辅音 + y” 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 er 变 y 为 i 加 est happy → happier → happiest以 “辅 + 元 + 辅” 结尾(重读闭音节) 双写尾字母加 er 双写尾字母加 est big → bigger → biggest多音节词(3 个及以上) 在词前加 more 在词前加 most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful不规则变化(需特殊记忆) 原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest二、句式结构比较级(两者比较)基本结构:A + be + 比较级 + than + B例:Tom is taller than John.(汤姆比约翰高。)修饰比较级:可用 much, a little, even 等例:This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。)01最高级(三者及以上比较)基本结构:A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围(of/in 短语)例:She is the youngest in her family.(她是家里最小的。)注意:最高级前必须加定冠词the,且需明确比较范围(如 of the three, in the class)。02三、常用易错点提示01比较级后漏用 than错误:She is taller her sister.正确:She is taller than her sister.(比较级需用 than 连接比较对象)最高级前漏用 the错误:He is tallest in the team.正确:He is the tallest in the team.(最高级前必须加 the)02多音节词误用 - er/-est错误:This story is interestinger than that one.正确:This story is more interesting than that one.(多音节词用 more/most,不用 - er/-est)03比较对象不一致错误:The population of China is larger than Japan.(中国人口与日本比较,对象不一致)正确:The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(用 that 代替前面的 population,确保比较对象一致)04误用 “比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……” 时的结构错误:It’s getting more and more cold.正确:It’s getting colder and colder.(单音节词用 “比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词用 “more and more + 原级”)051.This box is ______ (heavy) than that one.答案:heavier解析:两者比较用比较级,heavy 是 “辅 + 元 + 辅” 结尾,双写尾字母加 - er。2.Which is ______ (big), the sun or the moon 答案:bigger解析:两者比较用比较级,big 的比较级是 bigger。小试牛刀3.She is ______ (good) at English than her brother.答案:better解析:good 的比较级是不规则变化 better。4.This is ______ (interesting) book I have ever read.答案:the most interesting解析:“I have ever read” 表示范围(三者及以上),用最高级,多音节词前加 most,且加 the。5.— Who runs ______, Tom or Jack — Tom does.A. fast B. faster C. fastest答案:B解析:两者比较用比较级,fast 的比较级是 faster,故选 B。小试牛刀6.The weather is getting ______ (bad) these days.答案:worse解析:“these days” 暗示变化,bad 的比较级是不规则变化 worse,此处表示 “越来越糟”。Part Six-疑问句一般疑问句:Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形?特殊疑问句:疑问词(what, where, how) + 一般疑问句?结构疑问词选择、助动词正确形式、回答完整性考点每年 3-4 题,占比约 15%真题频次一、分类及句式结构(1)疑问句是用来提出问题的句子,通常以问号 “ ” 结尾。根据提问方式和功能,英语中疑问句可分为四类:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句(General Questions)功能:询问一件事是否属实,通常用 “是 / 否”(Yes/No)回答。结构:含 be 动词(am/is/are/was/were):be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例:Is she a student (她是学生吗?)→ Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.含情态动词(can/may/must/should 等):情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:Can you swim (你会游泳吗?)→ Yes, I can./No, I can’t.含实义动词:助动词(do/does/did) + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:Do you like apples (你喜欢苹果吗?)→ Yes, I do./No, I don’t.01特殊疑问句(Special Questions)功能:对句子中的某一具体成分(如人、物、时间、地点等)提问,需用特殊疑问词引导。常用特殊疑问词:问人:who(主格)/whom(宾格)问物 / 事情:what问时间:when/what time问地点:where问原因:why问方式:how问数量:how many(可数名词)/how much(不可数名词)问年龄:how old问频率:how oftenWhat is your name (你叫什么名字?)→ My name is Lily.Where do you live (你住在哪里?)→ I live in Beijing.How did you go to school yesterday (你昨天怎么去学校的?)→ By bike.02二、分类及句式结构(2)选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)功能:提出两个或多个选项,让对方选择其中一个回答,不能用 Yes/No 回答。结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选项?例:Do you like tea or coffee (你喜欢茶还是咖啡?)→ Coffee, please.特殊疑问句 + A + or + B?例:Which is bigger, the earth or the moon (地球和月球哪个更大?)→ The earth.03反意疑问句(Tag Questions)功能:对自己提出的观点或事实进行反问,希望得到对方的确认。结构:陈述句 + 简短疑问句?(前肯后否,前否后肯)前句为肯定:简短疑问句用否定(be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词的否定形式 + 主语代词)例:He is a teacher, isn’t he (他是老师,不是吗?)→ Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.前句为否定:简短疑问句用肯定(be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语代词)例:She doesn’t like sports, does she (她不喜欢运动,是吗?)→ Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.04三、常用易错点提示01一般疑问句中实义动词的形式错误:He likes music, does he like 正确:Does he like music (助动词 does 提前后,实义动词用原形 like)特殊疑问句中 “主谓倒装” 的遗漏错误:What you are doing 正确:What are you doing (特殊疑问词后需用一般疑问句语序,即 be 动词提前)02反意疑问句的 “前否后肯” 判断错误:She never late for school, isn’t she 正确:She is never late for school, is she (never 表否定,前句视为否定,后句用肯定)03选择疑问句的回答误区错误:— Do you want red or blue — Yes, I want red.正确:— Do you want red or blue — Red.(选择疑问句不能用 Yes/No 回答,直接选选项)04特殊疑问词的混淆错误:How is your name (how 问方式,问名字需用 what)正确:What is your name 051.______ you speak French A. Do B. Does C. Are答案:A解析:句中 “speak” 是实义动词,主语是 “you”,一般疑问句需用助动词 do,故选 A。2.— ______ is the post office — It’s next to the bank.A. What B. Where C. How答案:B解析:答语 “next to the bank” 表示地点,用 where 提问,故选 B。小试牛刀3.______ he ______ to school by bus every day A. Do; go B. Does; go C. Does; goes答案:B解析:主语 “he” 是第三人称单数,助动词用 does,后接动词原形 go,故选 B。4.— ______ apples do you need — Five, please.A. How much B. How many C. How old答案:B解析:“apples” 是可数名词复数,用 how many 提问数量,故选 B。小试牛刀Part Seven-祈使句动词原形+ 其他成分(否定句:Don't + 动词原形)结构礼貌用语(Please)、否定形式、情境应用(如警告、建议)考点每年1-2 题,占比约 5%真题频次一、基本结构及用法(1)谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号 “!” 或句号 “.”,语气强烈时用感叹号。1. 肯定形式结构:动词原形 + 其他成分(宾语 / 状语等)表命令:Stand up!(站起来!)表请求:Pass me the pen, please.(请递给我那支笔。)表劝告:Eat more vegetables.(多吃点蔬菜。)表邀请:Come to my party this weekend.(这周末来参加我的派对吧。)注意:为使语气委婉,可在句首或句末加 “please”(句末加时,前面通常用逗号隔开)。例:Please close the window. = Close the window, please.(请关窗。)2. 第三人称祈使句有时祈使句会以 “Let + 第三人称代词 / 名词 + 动词原形” 开头,表 “让某人做某事”。例:Let him try again.(让他再试一次。)Let the children play outside.(让孩子们在外面玩。)一、基本结构及用法(2)3. 否定形式结构:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他成分表禁止:Don’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟。)表劝阻:Don’t play with fire.(别玩火。)表提醒:Don’t forget to lock the door.(别忘了锁门。)特殊否定:对于以 let 开头的祈使句,否定形式有两种:Let’s(包括说话者和听话者)的否定:Let’s not + 动词原形例:Let’s not go out in the rain.(咱们别在雨天出去了。)Let sb.(不包括说话者)的否定:Don’t let sb. + 动词原形例:Don’t let him go alone.(别让他一个人走。)4. 强调形式为加强语气,可在肯定祈使句前加 “Do”(重读),意为 “务必、一定”。例:Do come early!(一定要早点来!)二、常见句式及场景应用句式类型 结构示例 适用场景基础肯定句 Open the door. 日常指令、操作提示委婉请求句 Could you pass the salt (虽含情态动词,但本质是祈使语气) 礼貌请求禁止警告句 No parking!(省略动词的简洁形式) 公共标识、安全警告建议劝告句 Let’s go for a walk. 提议、邀请三、常用易错点提示01谓语动词形式错误错误:He closes the window!(祈使句省略主语 you,不能用第三人称单数形式 closes)正确:Close the window!(用动词原形 close)否定形式遗漏 “Don’t”错误:Not run in the hallways!正确:Don’t run in the hallways!(否定祈使句必须用 Don’t 开头)02“Let’s” 与 “Let us” 混淆Let’s go(包括听话者:“咱们一起去”),Let us go(不包括听话者,需对方允许:“让我们去”)例:Let’s play football.(邀请对方一起踢球)。Let us play football, mom.(请求妈妈允许 “我们” 踢球)03语气词 “please” 的位置不当错误:Close please the door.正确:Please close the door. 或 Close the door, please.(please 可放句首或句末,句末需加逗号)04误用主语错误:You be quiet!(祈使句通常省略主语 you,加主语会使语气生硬,多用于训斥)正确:Be quiet!(自然表达)051.______ the lights when you leave the room.A. Turn off B. Turns off C. Turning off答案:A解析:祈使句用动词原形开头,“turn off” 表示 “关掉”,故选 A。2.______ late for class again.A. Don’t be B. Not be C. Don’t are答案:A解析:否定祈使句用 “Don’t + 动词原形”,“be late” 是固定搭配,故选 A。小试牛刀3.______ quiet in the library, please.A. Be B. Are C. Is答案:the most interesting解析:“I have ever read” 表示范围(三者及以上),用最高级,多音节词前加 most,且加 the。4.— ______ me your phone number — Sure, it’s 138xxxx5678.A. Give B. To give C. Giving答案:A解析:此处是委婉请求的祈使句,用动词原形开头,故选 A。小试牛刀Part Eight-情态动词can/can't, must/mustn't, should/shouldn't结构情态动词后接动词原形、否定句(直接加 not)、情境应用(能力、义务)考点每年 2-3 题,占比约 10%真题频次一、常用情态动词的基本用法(1)情态动词是表示说话人对动作或状态的语气、态度(如能力、可能性、许可、义务、推测等)的动词,本身有一定意义,但不能单独作谓语,需与动词原形连用构成谓语。常见情态动词包括:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need, dare 等。注意:could 表请求时,回答仍用 can(不用 could):— Could I use your phone — Yes, you can.(√) / Yes, you could.(×)can(现在时):表示 “能力、许可、可能性(用于否定 / 疑问句)”。能力:She can speak three languages.(她会说三种语言。)许可(口语,较随意):Can I borrow your pen (我能借你的笔吗?)否定可能性:He can’t be at home.(他不可能在家。)1could(过去时 / 委婉语气):过去的能力:I could swim when I was five.(我五岁时会游泳。)委婉请求(比 can 更礼貌):Could you help me (你能帮我吗?)推测(可能性比 may/might 小):This could be his book.(这可能是他的书。)2一、常用情态动词的基本用法(2)must / have tomust:表示 “必须、肯定推测(语气最强)”,否定形式为 mustn’t(禁止)。义务:You must wear a seatbelt.(你必须系安全带。)肯定推测:This must be Tom’s bag.(这一定是汤姆的包。)禁止:You mustn’t park here.(禁止在此停车。)have to:强调 “客观需要、不得不”,有人称 / 时态变化(has to, had to)。客观要求:I have to work overtime today.(我今天不得不加班。)过去时:She had to walk home yesterday.(她昨天不得不步行回家。)区别:must 强调主观意愿,have to 强调客观压力。may / mightmay:表示 “许可、可能性(用于肯定 / 否定句)”。许可(较正式):May I come in (我可以进来吗?)肯定推测:He may be late.(他可能会迟到。)might:过去时 / 更委婉的推测(可能性比 may 小)。过去的许可:She said I might leave early.(她说我可以早点走。)推测(更不确定):It might rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)注意:may 的否定回答用 mustn’t(禁止)或 can’t(不允许):— May I smoke here — No, you mustn’t.(不,禁止吸烟。)一、常用情态动词的基本用法(3)shall / shouldshall:用于第一人称(I/we),表示 “建议、征求意见”。Shall we go to the park (我们去公园好吗?)should:表示 “应该、建议、推测(按道理)”。建议:You should exercise more.(你应该多锻炼。)推测:They should be here by now.(他们现在应该到了。)will:表示 “意愿、将来、请求(用于第二人称)”。意愿:I will help you.(我会帮你。)请求(口语):Will you pass the salt (能把盐递给我吗?)would:过去的意愿 / 将来、委婉请求(比 will 礼貌)。过去习惯:He would walk to school.(他过去常步行上学。)委婉请求:Would you mind opening the window (你介意开窗吗?)will / wouldneed:表示 “需要”,可作情态动词(多用于否定 / 疑问句,后接原形)或实义动词(有人称 / 时态变化,后接 to do)。情态动词:You needn’t hurry.(你不必着急。)实义动词:She needs to finish the work.(她需要完成工作。)dare:表示 “敢于”,用法同 need。情态动词:Dare he speak in public (他敢在公共场合讲话吗?)实义动词:She dares to argue with him.(她敢和他争论。)need / dare二、情态动词表 “推测” 的用法对比情态动词 推测语气 适用句式 例句must 肯定(100%) 肯定句 He must be tired.(他一定累了。)may 可能(50%) 肯定句 / 否定句(may not) She may come tomorrow.(她可能明天来。)might 或许(30%) 肯定句 / 否定句(might not) It might rain.(可能会下雨。)can 可能(否定 / 疑问) 否定句 / 疑问句 He can’t be a doctor.(他不可能是医生。)should 按道理应该 肯定句 They should arrive soon.(他们应该很快到。三、常用易错点提示01must 的否定混淆错误:You mustn’t go(禁止去)≠ You needn’t go(不必去)。例:Must I finish it today — No, you needn’t.(不必)/ Yes, you must.(必须)03may 与 might 表推测的时态误区might 不只是 may 的过去时,还可表示 “可能性更小”,与时态无关。例:She might come tomorrow.(明天可能来,可能性比 may 小)05need 作情态动词与实义动词的区别情态动词:Need he go (他需要去吗?)→ 否定:He needn’t go.实义动词:Does he need to go (他需要去吗?)→ 否定:He doesn’t need to go.02can 与 be able to 混淆can 只有现在时(can)和过去时(could),其他时态需用 be able to。错误:He will can swim next year.正确:He will be able to swim next year.(他明年将学会游泳。)04should 与 ought to 混淆should 后接动词原形,ought to 后接 to do,意义相近(“应该”)。错误:You should to apologize.正确:You should apologize. = You ought to apologize.(你应该道歉。)06推测时的时态错误对过去的推测需用 “情态动词 + have done”。错误:He must be late yesterday.正确:He must have been late yesterday.(他昨天一定迟到了。)1.— ______ I use your dictionary — Sure, here you are.A. Must B. May C. Need答案:B解析:表示请求许可,用 may(较正式),故选 B。小试牛刀2.You ______ play with fire. It’s dangerous.A. mustn ’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t答案:A解析:表示 “禁止”,用 mustn’t,故选 A。3.They ______ have finished the work. I saw them resting just now.A. must B. can C. need答案:A解析:对过去的肯定推测,用 must have done,故选 A。小试牛刀4.— ______ we go out for dinner — Good idea!A. Shall B. Will C. Would答案:A解析:第一人称征求意见,用 shall,故选 A。谢 谢!THANK YOU 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览