资源简介

(共137张PPT)
第八章　动词
【复习要求】
1.识记动词的种类。
2.识记动词的基本形式(原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)的用法。
3.理解并掌握常用的及物动词和不及物动词的用法。
4.理解常用的连系动词的用法。
5.理解助动词be,do,have,shall,will的用法。
6.理解情态动词can,may,must的用法。
7.理解一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时(包括表示将来的be going to),现在进行时,现在完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时(包括was/were going to do),过去完成时的用法。
8.理解一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时的被动语态以及带有情态动词的被动语态。
9.理解非谓语动词(动词不定式、分词、动名词)的用法。
10.理解虚拟语气。(内容见虚拟语气一章)
【知识要点】
一、动词种类
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词可分为四类:行为动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
1.行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词,含有实在的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如:
She took pictures of the trees.(及物动词)
The sun shone brightly this morning.(不及物动词)
2.连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有: be,seem,look,keep,become,get,grow,feel,turn,appear,remain等。如:
It is never too late to learn.
He looks very strong.
Keep quiet,please!
3.助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词主要有be,do,have,shall,will等。
(1)表示时态。如:
He is singing.
He has got married.
(2)表示语态。如:
He was sent to England.
(3)构成疑问句。如:
Do you like college life
Did you study English before you came here
(4)与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。如:
I don’t like him.
(5)加强语气。如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.他的确知道那件事。
(6)替代动词词组。如:
—Do you often watch TV in the evening
你晚上经常看电视吗
—Yes,I do.=Yes,I often watch TV in the evening.
是的,我经常看。
4.情态动词
情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有can,may,
must,need,dare,ought,will,shall等及其过去式could,might,would,
should等。
(1)can 和could表示能力、可能、许可等。如:
—Can you dance
—No,I can’t.But John can.(表示能力)
Can you be here earlier tomorrow (表示可能)
You can use my bike.(表示许可)
I could read when I was seven.(表示“过去的能力”)
Could you help me with my English (表示请求)
(2)may和might表示许可、可能、愿望。如:
You may go now.(许可)
You may be right.(可能)
May you succeed!(愿望)
Father said we might go.(过去许可)
(3)must表示必须、应该、推测。如:
You must tell me about it.(表示义务)
You mustn’t lend it to others.(准许)
This must be your room.(猜测)
He must have arrived there by now.(对过去的猜测)
注:在回答must 开头的疑问句的句子中,否定式常用 needn’t。如:
—Must I be home before eight o’clock
—No,you needn’t.(Yes,you must.)
(4)need用作情态动词时,表示“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句。如:
Need you return the magazines today
You needn’t hurry.
注:need也可作行为动词,常用于肯定句和否定句中,可与助动词连用,其后跟带to 的不定式。如:
We don’t need to bring our books that day.
(5)dare用作情态动词时,表示“敢于”,用法同need。如:
He dare not try.
How dare you say so
(6)要注意以下几组区别
①must和have to的区别:
must表示说话人主观认为,“必须”做某事。
have to表示由某种外界原因而“必须”或“不得不”做某事。如:You must go to work on time.
When I was at your age,I had to go to work.
而且,must只有一种形式,而have to有更多的形式。如:
I’ll have to get there on time.
②can 和be able to的区别:
can和be able to都表示做某事的能力,但can更强调主观性,can有现在时和过去时两种形式,没有人称和数的变化。be able to更强调客观性,表示本身有能力做某事,be有人称和数的变化。如:
I can go to school on time.
She will soon be able to finish the work well.
二、动词时态
英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有16种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。现以动词work为例,将这9种时态列表如下:
时态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 I work I worked I shall
(will) work I should(would)
work
进行 I am working I was working 略 略
完成 I have worked I had worked 略 略
完成
进行 I have been
working 略 略 略
1.一般现在时
一般现在时由动词原形构成。如果主语是第三人称单数,则在动词后加-s或-es,系动词be要随不同人称而变化。一般现在时的用法为:
(1)表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,usually,
sometimes,every day,from time to time 等时间状语。如:
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
(2)表示客观规律和普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun.
(3)表示主语目前的状况和特点。如:
She has a brother who lives in New York.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
(4)在时间、让步、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如:
If he accepts the job,he will get more money soon.
I won’t leave until he comes.
2.一般过去时
一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。规则的动词过去式是在动词原形后加-ed或-d,不规则的动词过去式有其特殊形式。一般过去时常跟明确的过去时间连用。如:yesterday,last week,in 1945,at that time,once,a few days ago等。其用法为:
(1)表示过去某个时间发生或存在的动作。如:
I was born in 1980.
(2)表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。如:
When I lived there,I often went to see him.
(3)表示过去经常发生的动作。也可用“used to+动词原形”来表示。如:He used to smoke a lot.
3.一般将来时
一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。第一人称I/we既可用shall也可用will,其余人称均用will。
(1)一般将来时的用法:
①表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常和tomorrow,next year等表示将来的时间状语连用。
We will meet again next week.
②表示将来经常发生或重复发生的动作。
They will go to the cinema twice a month.
注意:一般将来时用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(2)一般将来时的其他表示法:
①“am(is,are) going to+动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。如:
I am going to tell you a story.
②“am(is,are) about to+动词原形”表示按照计划发生的事或眼前将要发生的事情。如:
The meeting is about to begin.
③某些表示位置移动的动词,如:arrive,come,go,leave,start等,用现在进行时的形式表示将来。如:
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
4.现在进行时
现在进行时由“is/am/are+现在分词”构成。现在进行时的用法为:
(1)表示现在(说话时)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
We are having an English class.
(2)表示目前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
The little boy is always making trouble.
注意:有些表示感觉、情感和状态的词,:be,have,like,love,hate,
want,hope,think,hear,understand,believe,see,smell,taste等,没有进行时。
5.过去进行时
过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。其用法为:
(1)表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night
—We were cleaning the room.
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
(2)表示过去将要发生的动作。如:
She said she was going with us.
6.现在完成时
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其用法为:
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have finished my homework.
(2)表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和表示一段时间的状语连用,如:for,since,these days 等,动词必须是延续性动词。如:
They have lived in Beijing for ten years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
(3)现在完成时不和明确表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,last year,in 1987,two years ago,just now等。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连用,如:yet,already,sometimes,often,before,
lately,recently,just,never,up to now,till now,so far,ever等。
(4)短暂性动词如:come,go,buy,die,begin等用在完成时态时,不能与连续性时间状语连用。
错:He has died for two years.
对:He has been dead for two years.
对:He died two years ago.
对:It is two years since he died.
(5)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况。因此,不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在没有关系,它不能与连续性时间状语连用。
I have lived in the country since 1970.
I lived in the country in 1970.
7.过去完成时
过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。其用法为:
(1)表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。
①由by,before 等构成的短语。如:
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They had got to the park before seven o’clock.
②由before,after,until等引导的从句。如:
They had finished their homework before I got home.
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,往往和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:I had been here for two hours when he came to see me.
(3)用于“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意前半句主谓倒装)
(4)动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 等用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you,but I was too busy.
8.过去将来时
过去将来时由“助动词would(should)+动词原形”构成。其用法为:
(1)表示对过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或状态,主要用在宾语从句中。
The man said he would die.
(2)由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成,表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作。
She said she was going to attend a meeting this afternoon.
9.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成。其用法为:
(1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续进行到现在,可能刚停止,也可能还要继续下去。汉语常译成“一直”。
I have been teaching English for 15 years.
I have been waiting for you for an hour.
(2)短暂性动词如:come,go,buy,die,begin等不能用在此时态中。
三、动词的语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示动词的主语与该动词所执行的动作之间的主动和被动关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作执行者时,动词用主动语态;主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态。如:
My grandfather planted this tree.我祖父种了这棵树。
This tree was planted by my grandfather.这棵树是我祖父种的。
1.被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。被动语态通常有八种时态的被动形式。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式举例说明如下:
(1)一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般过去时:was/were+done
I was given ten minutes to decide whether to go or not.
(3)一般将来时:shall/will be done或am/is/are going to be done
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
(4)现在进行时:am/is/are being done
A new cinema is being built here.
(5)过去进行时:was/were being done
A meeting was being held when I was there.
(6)现在完成时:has/have been done
All the work has been finished.
(7)过去完成时:had been done
By the end of last year,another new project had been completed in Beijing.
(8)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done
His new clothes must be made very soon.
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby sitter.
2.主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语移到句首作被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语改成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动句中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。如:
All the people laughed at him.→ He was laughed at by all the people.
They make bikes in the factory.→ Bikes are made in the factory by them.
3.被动语态的用法
(1)常用被动语态的情况
①讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省略by短语)。
My bike was stolen last night.
②突出动作的承受者
I was given ten minutes to finish the work.
(2)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
①有些动词如:give,get,pay,buy,make,send,lend,bring,show,throw等,可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,其直接宾语和间接宾语均可变为被动语态的主语。如:
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→He was given a present for his birthday by his mother.
或 A present was given to him for his birthday by his mother.
②当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”复合宾语结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动(宾语补足语已变成主语补足语)。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
③不定式在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
④有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
They are to put off the meeting till Friday.→ The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
⑤用被动语态表示“据说”或“相信”等的词组
It is said that...据说……。 It is reported that...据报道……。
It is believed that...大家相信……。
It is hoped that...大家希望……。
It is well known that...众所周知……。
(3)不用被动语态的情况
①不及物动词无被动语态。如:
比较:rise,take place,happen,break out是不及物动词(词组);
raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)The price has been risen. (对)The price has been raised.
(错)The accident was happened last week.
(对)The accident happened last week.
(错)The war was broken out. (对)The war broke out.
(错)Please seat. (对)Please be seated.
②系动词无被动语态。如:
(错)It is sounded good.
(对)It sounds good.
③某些词的主动形式表示被动意义:wash,clean,cook,iron,look,
cut,sell,read,wear,feel等。如:
The book sells well.这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily.这把刀很好用。
④在need,require,want,worth(形容词)后的动名词必须用主动形式,但表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
如:
The door needs repairing.(=The door needs to be repaired.)
门需要修理。
This book is worth reading.(=This book is worthy to be read.)
这本书值得一读。
四、非谓语动词
非谓语动词在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。动词的非谓语形式分为动词不定式、分词、动名词。
He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch不定式)
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt (wearing现在分词)
Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing动名词)
非谓语动词的时态和语态形式,以动词do为例,列表如下:
种　类 时　态 主　动 被　动
不定式 一般 to do to be done
进行 to be doing /
完成 to have done to have been done
完成进行 to have been doing /
现在分词
动名词 一般 doing being done
完成 having done having been done
过去分词 一般 / done
1.动词不定式
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以不带to,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。
(1)动词不定式(或不定式短语)的用法
①作主语
To master a language is not an easy thing.
To teach English is my favorite.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。如:
It’s very kind of you to have given us much help.
It’s my pleasure to help you.
It’s necessary for us to help each other.
②作宾语
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有want,like,wish,hate,hope,try,ask,start,forget,begin,decide,refuse,determine,expect,fail,intend,manage,attempt,agree,plan,learn等。如:
I wish to learn English well. I like to help others if I can.
③作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,有两种情况:
(A)常见的带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有:
advise,ask,allow,beg,cause,command,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,intend,instruct,leave,like,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,urge,warn,want,wish。如:
Don’t allow him to come in at this moment.
Tom will get someone to repair your video recorder.
Please remind me to post the letter this afternoon.
(B)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有:
feel,hear,have,let,make,notice,see,watch等表示感觉或使役意义的动词。
The story made all of us laugh.
Be sure to have him come before dark.
Nobody noticed them leaving the house.
④作表语
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
The most important thing is to find the boy immediately.
⑤作定语
There are many ways to solve the problem.
I have something important to tell you.
⑥作状语
We went to see our teacher.
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine.
(2)动词不定式的否定形式:
动词不定式的否定形式由“not+to+动词原形”构成。如:
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
It’s unfair not to tell us.
(3)动词不定式和疑问词连用:
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
Where to go is not known yet.
I don’t know when to begin.
Can you tell me where to get the battery
Do you know how to get to the station
2.分词
分词包括:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加-ing 构成,规则的动词过去分词是在动词原形后加 ed构成,不规则的动词过去分词有其特殊形式。
(1)分词的用法
①作定语
单个分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。分词短语作定语时,则放在被修饰词之后。如:
The rising sun looks very beautiful.
The man standing there is our teacher.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
The girl dressed in red is my sister.
②作表语
分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very,so或much等修饰。如:
The news that our team won in the match was very surprising.
The sound we heard last night was so frightening.
He looked disappointed.
We were delighted at the news.
③作宾语补足语
We saw him walking across the road.
You’d better have your bike repaired.
现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find,see,hear,watch,notice,get,keep等。如:
When I came in,I found him lying in bed.
④作状语
分词作状语可以表示时间、方式、伴随、原因等。如:
Coming into the classroom,the teacher found that all the students were seated.(时间)
All the students sat in the classroom,waiting for their new teacher.(伴随)
Encouraged by the teacher,she decided to study hard.(原因)
My parents went to a birthday party yesterday,leaving me alone at home.(结果)
值得注意的是,分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致。
(2)现在分词和过去分词的区别
①现在分词通常表示主动意义,过去分词通常表示被动意义。如:
Who is the girl speaking to our English teacher
正跟我们英语老师讲话的那个女孩是谁
What is the language spoken in Canada 加拿大讲什么语言
②现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:
falling leaves 正在落下的树叶
fallen leaves 落叶
3.动名词
动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式,其构成与现在分词一样,由动词原形加 ing 构成。动名词在句中不可作谓语,但它仍具有动词的某些特征,即可带自己的宾语或状语,并与其宾语或状语构成动名词短语,动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的作用。其用法为:
(1)作主语
动名词作主语的几种常见类型:
①直接位于句首作主语。如:
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
Running is good for health.
②用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。用 It is 后接 no use,no good,no fun 等的句型。如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.
It is no good waiting here.Let’s walk home.
It is no fun being lost in the rain.
③用于布告形式的省略结构中。如:
No smoking!=No smoking is allowed(here)!
No parking!
(2)作表语
My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping.
Seeing is believing.(主语seeing,表语believing)
(3)作宾语
①作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面)
I cannot help laughing.
You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.
You should practise speaking English more.
上面三个句子中的动词:help,avoid,practise 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有:suggest,finish,mind,enjoy,miss,dislike,admit,
deny,postpone(延迟),risk(冒风险),delay(耽误),consider等。
还有短语:
keep(on),give up,put off,leave off等。
注:下列动词后既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词,但含义不同:
forget to do(忘记了要做什么)
forget doing(忘了做过的事情)
regret to do(遗憾地去做什么)
regret doing(后悔做了什么事情)
try to do(努力做)
try doing(尝试做)
stop doing(停止做)
stop to do(停下来去做另一件事情)
mean to do(打算做)
mean doing(意味着做)
go on to do(继续去做另一件事情)
go on doing(继续做同一件事情)
②作介词宾语
I don’t feel like eating anything.
Excuse me for coming late.
有些介词在句中省略,但仍需要动名词作介词宾语,如:
spend...(in)doing...
have difficulty(in)doing...
(4)作定语
动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如:
Don’t forget to take a shopping basket with you.
别忘了带上购物篮子。
现在分词与动名词作定语的区别:现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如:
Let sleeping dogs lie.别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping)
I think sleeping pills may help you.我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词。表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)
(5)动名词的复合结构
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格或形容词性物主代词,构成动名词的复合结构(名词所有格或形容词性物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语或宾语。如:
Their coming surprised us a lot.
Would you mind my opening the door
【例题解析】
(　　)1.The film was so　　　　that everybody was　　　　to tears.
A.moving;moved B.moved;moving
C.moved;moved D.moving;moving
【答案】　A
【解析】　该题是分词用作表语,现在分词通常表示主动意义,过去分词通常表示被动意义。moving意思为“令人感动的”,
moved意思为“被感动的”。
(　　)2.Great changes　　　　in China in the last ten years.
A.have taken place B.are taken place
C.have been taken place D.are being taken place
【答案】　A
【解析】　take place相当于happen,是不及物动词短语,不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。根据时间状语in the last ten years,要用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
(　　)3.　　　　 what to do,he telephoned me for help.
A.Not knowing B.Knowing not
C.Not to know D.To know not
【答案】　A
【解析】　现在分词的否定形式为“not+现在分词”,该句是现在分词用作原因状语,而不定式不能作原因状语。
(　　)4.—Did you see Xiao Li at the party
—No,　　　　 by the time I arrived.
A.she’d left B.she’s left
C.she was left D.she must leave
【答案】　A
【解析】　该答句意思为“当我到达的时候,她已经离开了”。动作“离开”在“到达”(过去时)之前发生,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时,它常与by,before 等构成的短语连用。因此选A(she’d left=she had left)。
(　　)5.—What happens to your shoes
—They want 　　　　.
A.to mend B.being mended
C.mending D.mended
【答案】　 C
【解析】　动词want后用动名词的主动形式,表示被动含义。
(　　)6.Don’t forget　　　　to me.Let’s keep in touch.
A.to write B.writing
C.having written D.to have written
【答案】　A
【解析】　该题动词forget后既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词,但含义不同:forget to do(忘了要做什么),forget doing(忘了做过的事情)。该句意思为“别忘了要给我写信,让我们保持联系。”,而且不用完成形式,所以选A。
(　　)7.In some parts of the world,tea　　　　with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served
C.serves D.served
【答案】　B
【解析】　因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态“is served”。
(　　)8.—Does your sister remember to return the library book today
—Oh,yes.Thank you.She’s　　　　it for two weeks.
A.kept B.lent C.borrowed D.keeping
【答案】　A
【解析】　根据时间状语“for+一段时间”,表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态,往往用持续性动词的现在完成时。lend 和borrow都为短暂性动词,所以选A。
(　　)9.　　　　 from the tallest building,the whole city looks very beautiful.
A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.Saw
【答案】　C
【解析】　根据句子结构,可以排除A和D。分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致。所以see分词的逻辑主语必须是the whole city,而它们两者的关系是被动关系,故用过去分词seen。
(　　)10.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four fifths of the tickets 　　　　.
A.was booked B.had been booked
C.were booked D.have been booked
【答案】　B
【解析】　句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者,两者为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去的动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been+过去分词”。
(　　)11.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,
but it remains　　　　whether they will enjoy it.
A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen
【答案】　B
【解析】　根据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉C、D两项;又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see所表示动作的承受者,即“到国外旅行”这件事有待于“被决定”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式。
(　　)12.　　　　 a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having received D.Having not received
【答案】　C
【解析】　本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接收信件)发生在谓语动词的动作decided之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为:not+分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply,he decided to write again.
【同步精练】
一、动词种类、时态、语态练习
(　　)1.This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He　　　　trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A.killed B.is killed
C.was killed D.was killing
【答案】 C
【解析】 He和kill 的关系是被动,且发生在过去,所以用一般过去时态的被动语态。
(　　)2.—Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet,the rooms 　　　　.
A.are being painted B.are painting
C.are painted D.are being painting
【答案】 A
【解析】根据上下句的意思是:还没有搬进新房,房间正在被粉刷。所以要用现在进行时态的被动语态。
(　　)3.When and where to go for the holiday　　　　yet.
A.are not decided B.have not been decided
C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
【答案】 D
【解析】 when and where 后接不定式是不定式的特殊用法,它的作用相当于名词。在此充当主语,被看作是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,且和decide的关系是被动关系。句子末尾有副词yet,要用完成时态,所以要用现在完成时态的被动语态的单数形式。
(　　)4.If city noises　　　　from increasing,people　　　shout
to be heard even at dinner.
A.are not kept;will B.are not kept;/
C.do not keep;will D.do not keep;/
【答案】 A
【解析】 city noises 和keep from increasing 的关系是被动关系,第一个空要选被动语态的形式;people 要shout to be heard的动作没有发生在现在,可能会发生在将来,所以第二个空要用一般将来时态。
(　　)5.He　　　　the Party　　　　1998.
A.has joined;in B.has joined;from
C.joined;on D.joined;in
【答案】 D
【解析】在时间状语1998前用介词in,那么句子中谓语动词要用一般过去时;如果时间状语1998前介词用since,则句子中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
(　　)6.—　　　　 the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.I’ve been told B.I’ve told
C.I’m told D.I told
【答案】 A
【解析】根据句子意思:我已经被告知……,所以要用现在完成时态的被动语态。
(　　)7.I need one more stamp before my collection 　　　　.
A.has completed B.completes
C.has been completed D.is completed
【答案】 D
【解析】 my collection 和complete 的关系是被动关系,且是在before引导的时间状语从句中,要用一般现在时态表将来,所以要用一般现在时态的被动语态。
(　　)8.My classmate　　　　a lot of good deeds for others.
A.has been done B.did
C.was doing D.had done
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句意:我同学为别人做了很多好事,要用一般过去时。
(　　)9.The Anti-Japanese War　　　　in 1931 and it
　　　　fourteen years.
A.break out;last B.was broken out;lasted
C.broke out;last D.broke out;lasted
【答案】 D
【解析】 break out 是“爆发”的意思,没有被动语态,根据时间状语in 1931,所以第一个空要填一般过去时态的主动语态;在第二空中last是不及物动词,也无被动语态,所以只能用一般过去时。
(　　)10.Great changes　 in the city,and a lot of factories 　 .
A.have been taken place;have been set up
B.have taken place;have been set up
C.have taken place;have set up
D.were taken place;were set up
【答案】 B
【解析】第一空中谓语动词take place 是“发生”的意思,无被动语态,所以只能选现在完成时态的主动语态;第二空中factories和set up 的关系是被动关系,所以要用被动语态的形式。
(　　)11.That suit　　　　over 60 dollars.
A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost
【答案】 D
【解析】 cost是不及物动词,无被动语态;也是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词和动词原形是一样的。
(　　)12.—Look! Everything here is under construction.
—What’s the house that　　　　for
A.is being built B.has been built
C.is built D.is building
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据句意:正在建的这座房子是干什么的 所以要用现在进行时态的被动语态。
(　　)13.I have no more letters 　　　　,thank you.
A.to type B.typing
C.to be typed D.typed
【答案】 C
【解析】 no more letters to type 和no more letters to be typed 都是“没有信要打”的意思,但前者表示的type的逻辑主语是句子的主语“I”,而后者是表示type 的逻辑主语不是句子的主语“我”。根据句子中的“thank you”知道,该句的意思是:我没有信要(你)打。
(　　)14.You don’t need to describe her.I　　　　her several times.
A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
【答案】 B
【解析】 从后面的several times 知道“我见过她几次”, 所以要用现在完成时。
(　　)15.—Do you like the material
—Yes,it　　　　very soft.
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
【答案】 C
【解析】 从soft 我们知道,句子的谓语动词是一个连系动词,表示“摸起来”的意思,无被动语态,且用一般现在时。
(　　)16.The computers on the table　　　　Professor Smith.
A.belong B.are belonged to
C.belongs to D.belong to
【答案】 D
【解析】 belong to “属于”,无被动语态。因为主语是复数,所以谓语动词也要用复数形式。
(　　)17.This box is too heavy,　　　　 give me a hand
A.would you mind B.would you please
C.will you like to D.will you please to
【答案】 B
【解析】请求别人帮忙时的句式: Would you please+V(原形)
(　　)18.It was very kind of you to do the washing up,but you
　　　　it.
A.mustn’t have done B.wouldn’t have done
C.mightn’t have done D.didn’t have to do
【答案】 D
【解析】 didn’t have to do sth.表示“不必做某事”。
(　　)19.This morning I　　　　you many times.
A.was called B.had been called
C.kept called D.called
【答案】 D
【解析】时间状语“this morning”是表过去,所以用一般过去时。
(　　)20.You　　　　me earlier.I could have helped you.
A.should tell B.should have told
C.need to tell D.needn’t have told
【答案】 B
【解析】 should have told表示“应该告诉而没有告诉”。
(　　)21.—English has a large vocabulary,doesn’t it
—Yes.　　　　 more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known
【答案】 A
【解析】句中and 连接的应该是句子与句子、短语与短语。句中and后所接的是一个句子,所以and前面的也应该是句子。直接以动词原形开头的句子是一个祈使句,省掉了主语you。
(　　)22.If Mary　　　　next Sunday,we　　　　boating together.
A.will come;will go B.comes;will go
C.will come;go D.comes;go
【答案】 B
【解析】 “主将从现”,即在主句中用一般将来时,而在条件状语从句中使用一般现在时态表将来。
(　　)23.They　　　　a football game from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.
A.watched B.were watching
C.has watched D.had watched
【答案】 B
【解析】 “昨晚从7:00到9:00”在做什么要用过去进行时态。
(　　)24.My watch　　　　eight o’clock.
A.tells B.speaks C.says D.talks
【答案】 A
【解析】 tell 常作及物动词,意为“讲述”“告诉”,还有“表明”“显示”的意思。speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时,常以某种语言作宾语;作不及物动词时,常见的搭配有:speak of sb./sth.和speak to sb.。 say 一般用作及物动词,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。talk一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈”“谈话”,着重强调两者之间相互说话。
(　　)25.—Need we clean the classroom every day
—Yes,you 　　　　.
A.can B.may C.could D.must
【答案】 D
【解析】 need开头的疑问句,否定回答是needn’t 或 don’t have to;对它的肯定回答是must。
(　　)26.—Could I borrow your dictionary
—Yes,of course you 　　　　.
A.might B.will C.can D.should
【答案】 C
【解析】 用Could提问不是表过去,而是表语气时,肯定回答要用can。
(　　)27.When I arrived home,he　　　　for almost one hour.
A.had left B.left
C.had been away D.was away
【答案】 C
【解析】arrive 发生在过去,leave 发生在arrive之前,即“过去的过去”,要用过去完成时。由于 one hour 是表示一段时间,而leave是一个瞬间动词,不能持续,所以要改成相应的表状态的副词 away。
(　　)28.My father　　　　a glass while he　　　　the dinner for Mum’s birthday yesterday.
A.has broken;was cooking B.was breaking;cooked
C.had broken;was cooking D.broke;was cooking
【答案】 D
【解析】时间状语是yesterday。“我”父亲在做饭时打破了一个玻璃杯,“正在做饭”要用过去进行时,“打破玻璃杯”要用一般过去时。
(　　)29.He　　　　his paper when the bell began to ring for the end of the class.
A.has just finished B.has just been finished
C.had just finished D.had just been finished
【答案】 C
【解析】 began to ring这个动词发生在过去,finish his paper发生在它之前,即“过去的过去”,所以要用过去完成时。
(　　)30.—Where is Mary
—She　　　　to school.
A.will go B.has been C.has gone D.went
【答案】 C
【解析】 has gone to 表示“去了还没回”, has been to表示“去过”“去了回来了”。
二、非谓语动词练习
(　　)1.Teaching is 　　　　.
A.to learn B.learning
C.learn something D.being learned
【答案】 B
【解析】 主语为动名词,相应的表语也应该是动名词。
(　　)2.It’s no use　　　　with him.He won’t change his mind.
A.arguing B.to argue C.to be arguing D.argued
【答案】 A
【解析】 句型:It’s no use+V ing。
(　　)3.—What do you think of the book
—Oh,excellent.It’s worth　　　　a second time.
A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read
【答案】 C
【解析】 固定搭配:be worth+V ing。
(　　)4.It is difficult for a foreigner　　　　in Chinese.
A.write B.to write
C.to be written D.written
【答案】 B
【解析】句型:It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。
(　　)5.It’s careless　　　　the gold ring.
A.of her losing B.of her to lose
C.for her to lose D.for her losing
【答案】 B
【解析】句型:It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。
(　　)6.How　　　　Tom was to hear of his failure in the examination!
A.disappointed B.disappointing
C.disappoint D.to disappoint
【答案】 A
【解析】感叹句的构成:How+adj.+句子!disappointed和disappointing 都是形容词,前者的主语是人或修饰人,后者的主语是物或修饰物。
(　　)7.　　　　 many times,the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises.
A.Having taught B.Having been taught
C.Teach D.Teaching
【答案】 B
【解析】句子的主语是the boy,和teach的关系是被动关系,所以用现在分词的被动式。
(　　)8.He ordered the room 　　　　.
A.to sweep B.sweeping
C.being swept D.to be swept
【答案】 D
【解析】 the room 和sweep 的关系是被动关系,且动作发生在将来。
(　　)9.Had I remembered　　　　the windows,the thief would not have got in.
A.to close B.closing
C.to have closed D.having closed
【答案】 A
【解析】 remember+to do sth.“记得要做某事”, remember+doing sth.“记得做了某事”。
(　　)10.Your hair wants 　　　　.You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.being cut
【答案】 C
【解析】 want+V ing,主动的形式表示被动的意思。
(　　)11.　　　　 a teacher in a university,he has to get a master’s degree.
A.To become B.Become
C.Became D.Becoming
【答案】 A
【解析】不定式放在句首表目的,“为了”。
(　　)12.　　　　 outside the room,wet clothes get dry very easily.
A.Hanged B.Hung C.To hang D.Hanging
【答案】 B
【解析】 hang 这个单词有两个意思,用作规则动词(hang,hanged,hanged)是“绞死”的意思,不规则动词(hang,hung,hung )是“悬挂”的意思。该句中是“悬挂”的意思,wet clothes 和 hang 的关系是被动关系,所以要用过去分词短语作状语。
(　　)13.We will do anything we can　　　　you catch up with others.
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
【答案】 A
【解析】不定式表目的。句中we can 作 anything 的定语。
(　　)14.When I came in,mother happened 　　　　.
A.to be cooking B.cooking
C.to be cooked D.having cooked
【答案】 A
【解析】happen to do sth.表示“碰巧在做某事”,happen to be cooking 表示“碰巧正在做饭”。
(　　)15.“Don’t always make Michael　　　　this or that.He is already a big boy,dear.” Mr.Bush said to his wife.
A.do B.to do C.does D.did
【答案】 A
【解析】make 属于“一感二听三让五看”单词之一,后接不定式作宾补要省掉 “to”。
(　　)16.Listen! Can you hear a baby 　　　　
A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cries
【答案】 C
【解析】hear 也属于“一感二听三让五看”单词之一,后接现在分词作宾补表示“听到某人正在做某事”。
(　　)17.The artist said that he hoped　　　　drawing the picture soon.
A.his son to finish B.to finish
C.finishing D.his son will finish
【答案】 B
【解析】固定搭配:hope to do sth.。
(　　)18.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only　　　　the film stars had left.
A.tell B.to be told
C.told D.telling
【答案】 B
【解析】 only+to do sth.表示一种失望的情绪,“结果……”。
(　　)19.The man　　　　abroad next month is visiting his motherland now.
A.to work B.worked C.working D.works
【答案】 A
【解析】 to work是不定式,表示“将要工作”;working作现在分词,表示一种状态;the man目前不是在国外工作,而是将要去国外。
(　　)20.Alice returned from the manager’s office　　　　me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A.having told B.tells C.told D.telling
【答案】 D
【解析】现在分词短语作状语。
(　　)21.Helen had to shout 　　　　.
A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear
C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard
【答案】 D
【解析】固定结构make oneself+done是“使某人自己被……”,该句中要用不定式表目的。
(　　)22.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob,　　　out of the window.
A.looking B.to look
C.looked D.having looked
【答案】 A
【解析】 look out of the window 的逻辑主语是Bob,所以用现在分词,表主动,表进行。
(　　)23.What’s the language　　　　in Germany
A.speaking B.spoken
C.be spoken D.to speak
【答案】 B
【解析】 language 和speak的关系是被动关系,所以用过去分词,表被动。
(　　)24.　　　　 some officials,Napoleon went into the house.
A.Followed B.Followed by
C.Being followed D.Having been followed
【答案】 B
【解析】 句子的主语是Napoleon,也是该分词的逻辑主语,它和follow的关系是被动关系,所以要用过去分词,且要有by。
(　　)25.　　　　,liquids can be changed into gases.
A.Heating B.To be heated
C.Heated D.Heat
【答案】 C
【解析】分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语liquids,它和heat 的关系是被动关系,所以要用过去分词表被动。
(　　)26.Tom insisted　　　　to the party.
A.on me to come B.on my coming
C.me to come D.me coming
【答案】 B
【解析】固定搭配insist on 是“坚持”的意思,on 是介词,它后面要接动名词,动名词前可加一个名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词,构成动名词的复合结构。
(　　)27.How much time do you spend　　　　English every day
A.learned B.to learn
C.in learn D.learning
【答案】 D
【解析】 固定结构:spend some time in doing sth.,in 可以省略。
(　　)28.She stood by the window,　　　　.
A.thinking B.think
C.thought D.thinks
【答案】 A
【解析】分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语she,所以要用现在分词。
(　　)29.　　　　 to meet anybody,he went in through the back door.
A.Not wishing B.Wishing
C.Not wished D.No wishing
【答案】 A
【解析】分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语he,所以要用现在分词。根据句子意思要对分词表否定,所以not要加在分词的前面。
(　　)30.The old man came upstairs,with his right hand　　　　a stick for support.
A.held B.holding
C.being holding D.was holding
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是分词的独立主格结构,该分词有自己的逻辑主语,hand 和hold的关系是主动关系,所以要用现在分词。

展开更多......

收起↑