资源简介 【2022新课标】2025秋鲁教版 初中英语 八上Unit 1 Could you please clean your room 知识点总结讲解重点单词1. rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾指废弃物,同义词有garbage(美式)和trash。2. fold /f ld/ v. 折叠常用短语fold clothes叠衣服,反义词是unfold展开。3. sweep /swi p/ v. 打扫过去式swept,常接floor构成短语sweep the floor扫地。4. mess /mes/ n. 杂乱make a mess表示"弄乱",形容词形式是messy凌乱的。5. hate /he t/ v. 讨厌后接doing/to do,反义词是love。6. borrow / b r / v. 借入borrow...from...从...借入,区别于lend借出。7. invite / n va t/ v. 邀请invite sb. to邀请某人去...,名词形式invitation。8. care /ke r/ v./n. 关心;照顾take care of=look after照顾。9. fair /fe r/ adj. 公平的反义词unfair,名词形式fairness。10. since /s ns/ prep. 自从常与现在完成时连用,如I have lived here since 2010。11. chore /t r/ n. 家务指日常琐事,复数形式chores。12. snack /sn k/ n. 零食have a snack表示"吃零食"。13. stress /stres/ n. 压力under stress表示"在压力下"。14. waste /we st/ v. 浪费waste time/money浪费时间/金钱。15. depend /d pend/ v. 依赖depend on依靠,反义词independent独立的。16. develop /d vel p/ v. 发展;培养develop habits培养习惯。17. independent / nd pend nt/ adj. 独立的反义词dependent依赖的。18. wash /w / v. 洗wash dishes=do the dishes洗碗。19. dry /dra / v. 擦干dry the clothes晾干衣服。20. hang /h / v. 悬挂过去式hung,hang up挂起来。21. tidy / ta di/ v. 整理tidy up整理,形容词形式tidy整洁的。22. organize / ɡ na z/ v. 组织;整理organize the room整理房间。23. dish /d / n. 盘子复数dishes,do the dishes洗碗。24. floor /fl r/ n. 地板sweep the floor扫地。25. laundry / l ndri/ n. 待洗衣物do the laundry洗衣服。26. broom /bru m/ n. 扫帚常与sweep搭配使用。27. dustbin / d stb n/ n. 垃圾桶英式英语,美式用trash can。28. annoyed / n d/ adj. 恼怒的be annoyed with sb.对某人恼怒。29. angry / ɡri/ adj. 生气的angry with sb.对某人生气。30. patient / pe nt/ adj. 耐心的反义词impatient不耐烦的。31. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 负责的be responsible for对...负责。32. necessary / nes s ri/ adj. 必要的It's necessary to do sth.做某事是必要的。33. enough / n f/ adj. 足够的enough time足够的时间。34. proper / pr p r/ adj. 恰当的proper behavior恰当的行为。munity /k mju n ti/ n. 社区community service社区服务。36. volunteer / v l n t r/ n./v. 志愿者;自愿volunteer to do自愿做。37. exchange / ks t e nd / v. 交换exchange ideas交换想法。38. reason / ri zn/ n. 理由the reason for...的原因。39. result /r z lt/ n. 结果as a result结果。40. provide /pr va d/ v. 提供provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物。41. independence / nd pend ns/ n. 独立gain independence获得独立。42. fairness / fe n s/ n. 公平反义词unfairness不公平。43. unfair / n fe r/ adj. 不公平的反义词fair公平的。44. neighbor / ne b r/ n. 邻居next-door neighbor隔壁邻居。45. polite /p la t/ adj. 礼貌的反义词rude粗鲁的。46. finally / fa n li/ adv. 最终同义词eventually。47. could /k d/ modal v. 能表示委婉请求或过去能力。48. should / d/ modal v. 应该表示建议或义务。49. might /ma t/ modal v. 可能表示可能性,比may更不确定。50. neither / na r/ adv. 也不用于否定句,如Neither do I。51. either / a r/ adv. 也(不)用于否定句末,如I don't like it either。52. pass /pɑ s/ v. 传递pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.53. lend /lend/ v. 借出lend sb. sth.借给某人某物。54. argue / ɑ ɡju / v. 争论argue with sb.与某人争论。55. worry / w ri/ v. 担心worry about担心。56. relax /r l ks/ v. 放松relax oneself放松自己。57. refuse /r fju z/ v. 拒绝refuse to do拒绝做。58. agree / ɡri / v. 同意agree with sb.同意某人。plain /k m ple n/ v. 抱怨complain about抱怨。60. explain / k sple n/ v. 解释explain sth. to sb.向某人解释。61. suggest /s d est/ v. 建议suggest doing建议做。62. offer / f r/ v. 提供offer to do主动提出做。63. promise / pr m s/ v. 承诺promise to do承诺做。64. forget /f ɡet/ v. 忘记forget to do忘记要做。65. remember /r memb r/ v. 记得remember doing记得做过。66. decide /d sa d/ v. 决定decide to do决定做。67. plan /pl n/ v. 计划plan to do计划做。68. need /ni d/ v. 需要need to do需要做。二、主要短语1. 家务类短语1. do the dishes 洗碗2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾3. fold the clothes 叠衣服4. sweep the floor 扫地5. make the bed 整理床铺6. clean the living room 打扫客厅7. wash the car 洗车8. water the plants 给植物浇水9. do the laundry 洗衣服10. tidy up the room 整理房间2. 请求与回应11. Could you please... 你能…吗?(委婉请求)12. Of course./Sure. 当然可以。13. No problem. 没问题。14. Sorry, I can’t. 抱歉,我不能。15. I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。3. 责任与态度16. take care of = look after 照顾17. be responsible for 对…负责18. depend on 依赖19. share the housework 分担家务20. develop good habits 养成好习惯4. 工具与动作21. use the broom 用扫帚22. put away the toys 收好玩具23. throw away old newspapers 扔掉旧报纸24. hang up the coat 挂起外套25. turn off the lights 关灯5. 情感表达26. be angry with sb. 对某人生气27. be annoyed at sth. 因某事烦恼28. feel stressed 感到压力29. think it’s unfair 认为不公平30. argue with sb. 与某人争吵6. 逻辑连接31. as soon as 一…就…32. in order to 为了…(表目的)33. as a result 结果34. neither do I 我也不(否定句)35. either 也不(用于否定句末)- I don’t want to go either.7. 其他实用短语36. work on 忙于…37. provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人38. waste time 浪费时间39. be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌三、重点句型句子委婉请求1. Could you please + 动词原形 (你能...吗?)- Could you please clean your room (你能打扫一下你的房间吗?)- Could you pass me the salt (你能把盐递给我吗?)2. Could I + 动词原形 (我能...吗?) (请求许可)- Could I borrow your pen (我能借你的钢笔吗?)3. Would you mind + doing sth. (你介意...吗?)- Would you mind closing the window (你介意关下窗户吗?)4. Can you help me with... (你能帮我...吗?)- Can you help me with the dishes (你能帮我洗碗吗?)回应请求5. 肯定回答: (Positive Responses)- Sure./Of course./No problem. (当然/没问题)- I'd be happy to. (我很乐意)6. 否定回答: (Negative Responses)- Sorry, I can't. I'm busy now. (抱歉,我现在很忙)- I'm afraid not. I have to study. (恐怕不行,我得学习)家务责任7. You should + 动词原形 (你应该...) (建议)- You should tidy up your desk. (你应该整理你的书桌)8. It's your job to... (做...是你的责任)- It's your job to walk the dog. (遛狗是你的责任)9. I have to... (我必须...)- I have to do my homework first. (我必须先做作业)10. Don't forget to... (别忘了...)- Don't forget to take out the trash. (别忘了倒垃圾)抱怨与解释11. Why do I always have to... (为什么总是要我...?)- Why do I always have to wash the dishes (为什么总是要我洗碗?)12. It's not fair! (这不公平!)- You never clean, but I do. It's not fair! (你从不打扫,而我却要做。这不公平!)13. I'm tired because... (我很累因为...)- I'm tired because I cleaned all morning. (我很累,因为我打扫了一上午)14. I hate doing... (我讨厌做...)- I hate folding clothes. (我讨厌叠衣服)协商与妥协15. How about... (...怎么样?) (提议)- How about we share the chores (我们分担家务怎么样?)16. Let's take turns to... (我们轮流...吧)- Let's take turns to walk the dog. (我们轮流遛狗吧)17. If you..., I'll... (如果你...,我就...)- If you cook, I'll wash the dishes. (如果你做饭,我就洗碗)频率与时间 (Frequency and Time)18. How often do you... (你多久...一次?)- How often do you clean your room (你多久打扫一次房间?)19. I usually/often/sometimes... (我通常/经常/有时...)- I usually make my bed in the morning. (我通常早上整理床铺)20. As soon as... (一...就...) (时间状语从句)- I'll call you as soon as I finish. (我一完成就给你打电话)21. Not...until... (直到...才...)- I won't go out until I clean my room. (我要打扫完房间才会出去)情感表达22. I'm annoyed when... (当...时我很恼火)- I'm annoyed when my brother doesn't help. (当我弟弟不帮忙时,我很恼火)23. It makes me angry that... (...让我很生气)- It makes me angry that you never listen. (你从不听我说话,这让我很生气)24. I feel stressed because... (我感到压力因为...)- I feel stressed because of too much work. (因为有太多工作,我感到压力很大)相关重点句型25. Neither + 助动词 + 主语 (我也不...) (否定附和)- A: I don't like chores. B: Neither do I. (A:我不喜欢做家务 B:我也不喜欢)26. Either (也不...) (否定句末)- I don't want to go either. (我也不想去)27. Could 表过去能力 (过去能够...)- When I was 5, I couldn't cook. (我5岁的时候还不会做饭)28. Should have done (本应该...)- You should have cleaned your room yesterday. (你昨天就应该打扫房间的)其它实用句型29. Could you please... (你能...吗?)- Could you please set the table (你能摆一下餐桌吗?)30. But I'm doing... (但我正在...)- But I'm doing my homework now! (但我现在在做作业啊!)31. It only takes a few minutes. (只要几分钟)- Parent: Just sweep the floor—it only takes 5 minutes. (家长:就扫个地,只要5分钟)32. It's your turn to... (轮到你...了)- It's your turn to walk the dog! (今天轮到你遛狗了!)写作常用句33. In my opinion,... (在我看来,...)- In my opinion, everyone should share chores. (在我看来,每个人都应该分担家务)34. First,... Second,... Finally,... (首先...其次...最后...) (顺序连接)- First, sweep the floor. Second, dust the furniture. (首先扫地,然后给家具除尘)35. As a result,... (结果是...)- I helped more at home. As a result, my mom was happy. (我在家帮忙更多了,结果妈妈很开心)36. I think it's important to... (我认为...很重要)- I think it's important to be independent. (我认为独立很重要)37. The more...the more... (越...越...)- The more you help, the less stressed your parents will be. (你帮忙越多,父母的压力就越小)四、语法点本单元语法主要是情态动词(should\could),这里顺便连同相关情态动词一起总结下。情态动词(Modal Verbs),用于表达说话者的态度、能力、可能性、必要性、许可、建议等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形连用,且没有人称和数的变化。一)情态动词的基本特征不变形:情态动词没有人称和数的变化(如:不能说 He cans,而是 He can)。后接动词原形:情态动词后必须接动词原形。 She can swim. She can to swim.无时态变化:大多数情态动词本身没有过去式(但 can→could, will→would, may→might 等可以表示更委婉的语气)。否定直接在情态动词后加not:You should not (shouldn't) waste time.疑问句将情态动词提前:Could you help me 二)主要情态动词1. Can / Could(能力、请求、许可)(1)Can(现在的能力或一般可能性)表示能力(ability):I can swim.(我会游泳。)表示请求(较随意的请求):Can you pass me the book (你能把书递给我吗?)表示许可(permission):You can go now.(你现在可以走了。)(2)Could(更礼貌的请求或过去的能力)委婉请求(比Can更礼貌):Could you please clean your room (你能打扫一下房间吗?)过去的能力(=was/were able to):When I was five, I could ride a bike.(我五岁时会骑自行车。) 注意:Could 用于请求时,回答仍用 can:Could you help me → Yes, I can.( )Could you help me → Yes, I could.( )2. May / Might(可能性、许可)(1)May(较正式的可能或许可)表示可能性(比might更确定):It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)表示许可(正式场合):May I use your phone (我可以用你的电话吗?)(2)Might(更不确定的可能性)She might come to the party, but I'm not sure.(她可能会来派对,但我不确定。) 注意:May 和 Might 不用于请求帮助(请求帮助用Could更自然)。3. Must / Have to(必须、义务)(1)Must(主观义务或强烈建议)表示必须(主观责任):You must finish your homework.(你必须完成作业。)表示禁止(must not = mustn't):You mustn't smoke here.(这里禁止吸烟。)(2)Have to(客观必须)表示客观规则或外部要求:I have to wear a uniform at school.(在学校我必须穿校服。) 区别:Must Have to主观/客观 主观(个人认为必须) 客观(规则/外部要求)否定含义 mustn't=禁止 don't have to=不必例句 You must study hard.(你自己觉得必须) You have to wear a seatbelt.(法律要求)4. Should / Ought to(建议、责任)(1)Should(建议或责任)表示建议:You should drink more water.(你应该多喝水。)表示责任:Students should respect teachers.(学生应该尊重老师。)(2)Ought to(更正式的建议)You ought to apologize.(你应该道歉。) 注意:Should 比 Must 语气更轻(不是强制,而是建议)。否定形式:should not = shouldn't(不应该)。5. Would(委婉请求、习惯)委婉请求(比Could更正式):Would you mind closing the door (你介意关上门吗?)表示过去的习惯(=used to):When I was a child, I would play football every day.(小时候,我每天都会踢足球。)三)情态动词的否定和疑问1. 否定句:情态动词 + notYou should not (shouldn't) be late.(你不应该迟到。)He cannot (can't) swim.(他不会游泳。)2. 疑问句:情态动词提前Can you help me Should I call her 特殊疑问句:What should I do (我该做什么?)Where can I find it (我在哪儿能找到它?)四)易错点总结Can vs. CouldCan 用于现在能力或随意请求,Could 用于过去能力或更礼貌的请求。回答 Could you... 时,用 can(Could you help me → Yes, I can.)。Must vs. Have toMust 强调主观义务,have to 强调客观规则。Mustn't = 禁止,Don't have to = 不必。Should vs. MustShould 是建议(非强制),Must 是必须(强制)。Would vs. Used toWould 仅用于过去习惯动作(不用于状态),Used to 可用于动作或状态。 I used to live in Beijing.( ) I would live in Beijing.( )五)练一下用 can, could, must, should 填空:"______ you please pass me the salt ""You ______ finish your homework before playing games.""She ______ swim when she was six."改错:He cans speak French. → ______You must to study hard. → ______(答案:1. Could, must, could | 2. can, must study) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览