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专题01定语从句
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目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读
01
】定语从句概述
【知能解读
02
】关系代词
that
典型用法
【知能解读
03
】
关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法
【知能解读
0
4
】关系代词
as
典型
用法
【知能解读
0
5
】关系副词
when, where, why
典型用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法
【重难点突破02】定语从句中的主谓一致用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】关系代词和关系副词混淆
【易混易错02】
关系代词that和which混淆
【易混易错03】“介词+关系代词”误用
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【方法技巧01】对比法--定语从句与其它从句区别
【方法技巧02】括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中定语从句
)
01 定语从句概述
定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。
先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。
关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语
关系副词：when, where, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。
This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句）
He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句）
分割型定语从句：指先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分（如谓语动词、介词短语等）隔开的结构。这种分隔是为了避免句子头重脚轻原则（将较长成分置于句尾）。
The days (are gone)when we had to rely on manual labor.
He is the only person (in the company)who can solve this problem.
02 关系代词that典型用法
1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。
I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。
She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。
3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。
He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。
This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。
4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。
They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。
5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。
Who is the man that is standing over there 站在那边的人是谁？
Which is the book that you want 哪本是你想要的书？
7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。
The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。
7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。
He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。
【跟踪训练】
1．The local market has everything _________ shows the area’s cooking culture, from fresh seafood to handmade pasta.
2．There is one point _________we must insist on.
3．I have found the very shop _________ has everything we need.
4．I like the writers and their works _________ you mentioned the other day.
5．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere _________can make the audience fully immersed in the music.
6．Festivals are occasions_________ allow us to forget about our work for a little while.
7．The reason _________ he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all.
8．You may not control all the events _________ happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.
9．My mother was so proud of all _________ I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.
10．In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way _________ emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.
03关系代词which典型用法
1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。
You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。
2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。
The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。
She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。
3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。
The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。
4.【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。
Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur.
埃隆 马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司，他是一位著名的企业家。
This café, where we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi.
这家咖啡馆，我们经常在那里开会，提供免费的无线网络。
【跟踪训练】
1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
6.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
7.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
8.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
10.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
03关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法
1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。
She is the girl who/that won the first prize in the competition.她就是在比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩。
Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。
Those who love reading often have rich inner worlds.热爱阅读的人往往有丰富的内心世界。
2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。
The girl whom you saw at the party is a famous singer.（whom引导限制性定语从句）
你在派对上看到的那个女孩是位著名歌手。
The author, whom the students admire, gave a speech.（whom引导非限制性定语从句）
那位受学生钦佩的作家做了演讲。
3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。
This is the professor from whom I learned a lot.这就是我从他身上学到很多东西的教授。
4. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
【跟踪训练】
1.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
2.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
3.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
4.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
5.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
04关系代词as的典型用法
1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法
as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。
Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
★易错提醒1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
★易错提醒2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。)
She is such a kind girl as many students like.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。)
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.
2. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit it.
3. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.
4. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work it out.
5. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.
6. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.
2. as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
(
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样；
as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知；
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；
as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
)as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首）
Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected.
不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末）
★易错提醒：which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
He sold his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
2．After reading this novel, we were all impressed by such integrity _________was shown by the leading character.
3.The teacher asked such a difficult question _________ no one could answer.
4.Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _________ none of us worked it out.
5. The Great Wall is such a famous tourist attraction _________ draws millions of people every year.
6. _________the book mentions, you had better not do such things _________ you are unsure about.
7．I worked at a panda conservation center in China, _________ saw a significant increase in panda population numbers.
8．_________ is often the case, making something look easy is quite difficult.
9．People from the UK are called “British”, _________ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
10. _________ is known to us all, Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival.
05关系副词when, where, why典型用法
1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
Do you remember the day when we first met
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
There are occasions when one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间名词）
★易错提醒：
当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。
This is the first time that I’ve heard this song.
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village.
2. where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。
This is the hospital where my sister used to work.
(the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。)
The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.
我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply.
在许多情况下，这条规则不适用。（先行词cases是抽象地点）
3. why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。
The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作状语）
The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作宾语）
【跟踪训练】
1.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
3.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
4.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
5．We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ my grandparents and some relatives live.
6．Attending the charity event was an occasion __________I realized the importance of giving back to the community.
7．The reason __________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life.
8．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, __________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
9．The reason __________ the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations.
10．The movie brings me the hours __________ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter.
01定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法
1.先行词指人，关系代词用whom；先行词指物，关系代词用which。注意此结构不能用that/who；
I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.（先行词the day指物，关系代词用which）
This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. （先行词the teacher指人，关系代词用whom）
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
Can you tell me the reason for which you are so late （先行词the reason常与介词for连用）
Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested. （定语从句谓语动词be interested in是固定搭配）
Do you like the teacher from whom she learned a lot （定语从句谓语动词learn from…是固定搭配）
My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday. （从句根据语境应用without which）
3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose作定语。
The tool, with whose help we finished the task, is very useful. （with one’s help是固定搭配）
【跟踪训练】
1. Do you remember the day __________ __________ we first met
2. Do you remember the month __________ __________ we first met
3. This is the skirt __________ __________ she paid $100.
4. This is the skirt __________ __________ she spent $100.
5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot.
6. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
7．Peter with __________ sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming.
8．The girl from__________ I borrowed this dictionary is my classmate.
9．Scientists are still trying to determine the extent __________ which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade.
10．Air, __________ which we couldn’t live, is very important.
02定语从句中的主谓一致用法
1．定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
2．定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【跟踪训练】
1.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone.
2. She is the only one of the girls in our class who ___________ (win) the prize so far.
3. The children, each of whom ___________ (own) a toy car, are playing happily.
4. The problems which ___________ (cause) by pollution require immediate attention.
5. This is one of the best novels that ___________ (publish) this year.
01 关系代词和关系副词混淆
1.先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why。
2.窍门：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语等；关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。
★易错提醒：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或宾语用关系代词。
I remember the year when he was born.（不及物动词，需加介词 in the year）
I remember the year that/which saw great changes.（及物动词，即 the year saw changes）
This is the park where we had a picnic.（不及物动词，需加介词 in the park）
This is the park that/which we visited.（及物动词，直接说 visited the park）
The reason why he left is still unknown.（why作原因状语，可替换成 for which）
The reason that he gave for being late was acceptable. （why作gave宾语）
【跟踪训练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. Do you still remember the days________ we traveled together
2. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together
3. Is this the museum ______ you once worked
4. Is this the museum ______ you once paid a visit to
5. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday
6. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday
7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
02 关系代词that和which混淆
只用关系代词that场合 典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时 Look at the man and his dog that are crossing the street.
先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first book that I bought.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
先行词是nothing, anything, all, much, little等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
先行词被only, very, little, all等限定词修饰时 All the money that I had was stolen. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
当主句是以who 或 which 开头的疑问句时 Which book is the one that you recommended Who is the person that called me just now
只用关系代词which场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 My car, which is very old, still runs well. He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 This is the housein which I lived last year. The problem about which we were talking is very complex.
【跟踪训练】用适当的关系词填空。
1. The tool with ___________ he fixed the car is missing.
2. This is all ________ I want to say at the meeting.
3. This is the most delicious cake ________ I’ve ever tasted.
4. The third place ________ they visited was the Great Wall.
5. The book, ___________ I bought yesterday, is already out of print.
6. There is nothing ________ can stop me from achieving my goals.
7. They photographed the city and its people___________ that had survived the earthquake.
8. Please tell me the reason ___________can explain your absence reasonably.
9. Lillian works in a government office in ________ there are many different departments.
10. But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
03 “介词+关系代词”误用
先行词指人时，关系代词用whom; 先行词指物时，关系代词用which；且不可省略。
The table on which I put my book is wooden.
The person to whom I spoke is my teacher.
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. She told me about the artist to __________ she had donated her paintings.
2. The city in __________ I was born is famous for its ancient temples.
3. The professor to __________ I spoke yesterday is a Nobel laureate.
4. The book from __________ I borrowed the idea won the Pulitzer Prize.
5. The company, the products of __________ I admire recently launched a new app.
01对比法--定语从句与其它从句区别
1.定语从句vs同位语从句
定语从句对前边的名词（先行词）起限制作用，作宾语是关系词可以省略，同位语从句对前边的名词起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。
The news that our team won the game made us excited.
我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he told us just now made us very excited.
他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
2.定语从句vs状语从句
定语从句和状语从句易混点主要在于so….as/that, such…as/that…句型区别。
This is such an interesting movie as I have never seen before.
这是一部我从未看过的如此有趣的电影。
The math problem was so difficult that no one could solve it.
这道数学题太难了，以至于没人能解出来。
3.定语从句vs名词性从句
定语从句和状语从句易混点主要集中在介词之后所接从句的理解。
A new museum will be built in what used to be a wasteland. （宾语从句）
A new museum will be built in the place that used to be a wasteland. （定语从句）
A new museum will be built where it used to be a wasteland. （状语从句）
一座新博物馆将建在曾经是一片荒地的地方。
4.定语从句vs强调句型
有时候用于It was+被强调部分+定语从句+that….，把定语从句和强调句型结合在一起。
It was the girl who won the first prize that received the scholarship.
正是那个获得一等奖的女孩拿到了奖学金。
It was at the school where my mother works that I met the famous writer.
正是在我母亲工作的那所学校里，我遇见了那位著名作家。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago.
2. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
3. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
4. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of ____________ were translated into foreign languages.
5.（2024新课标I卷）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ___________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
6. It was in the street ___________where I met him yesterday___________ that an accident happened.
02 括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中定语从句
阅读理解长难句应对最简单有效的办法是遇到各种从句、非谓语、介词短语等用括号括起来视为一个单位，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”删繁就简的目的，快速理解句子含义。
1. (2025浙江1月卷阅读C篇) The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.
翻译：
2. (2024新课标I卷阅读D篇) This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
翻译：根据这一理论，人们阅读数字文本时会带着一种适合社交媒体的心态（这类心态通常不那么严肃），并且与阅读纸质文本时相比，投入的脑力更少。
翻译：
【跟踪训练】用括号法八下列各句的定语从句括起来。
1. (2024新课标I卷阅读七选五) It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.
2. (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
3. (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
4. (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
5. (2024全国甲卷阅读D篇)You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
(
定语从句
综合能力提升
)
一、单项语法填空
1．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside.
2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere___________ can make the audience fully immersed in the music.
3．CISAR brings help and hope to those___________ lives are changed by natural disasters.
4．The author ___________ whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.
5．In a word, we reached a point___________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
6．Asians ___________ diets are like Westerners’ experience more disease and weight problems.
7．The reason ___________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life.
8．She often reminds herself of the good days ___________they spent together working out the problem in the distant rural area.
9．It’s the only Thai restaurant ___________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.
10．The app uses AR to transform the way ___________ visitors interact with the park’s wildlife.
11．The students benefiting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged in academic life.
12．I don’t think the number of the people to ___________ this happens is very large.
13．It is a comment on society and on the nature of people through the tale of a man ___________ life is changed by an act of forgiveness.
14．From his travelling diary, we all know that there is such a beautiful place ___________ he has described to us.）
15．Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem___________ none of us worked out.
16．Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with ___________ you have the deepest relationships.
17．Written Chinese has also become an important means ___________China’s present is connected with its past.
18．The scientist, with ___________ I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month.
19．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award.
20．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community.
二、定语从句易混对比10组20例
Group 1
1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here.
2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby.
Group 2
3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor.
4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor.
Group 3
5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
Group 4
7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Group 5
9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow.
Group 6
11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident.
12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
Group 7
13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific.
Group 8
15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
Group 9
17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday.
18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday.
Group 10
19. Beijing is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit.
20. Beijing is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it.
三、定语从句助力写作能力升格
1. (2024新课标I卷)总之，这不仅仅是一堂艺术课；这是我真正珍惜的与大自然相连的时刻。
2.(2024新课标I卷) 他在四天前送我下车的公共汽车站接我。
3.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从未想过自己能做到的。
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
7. (2023浙江1月卷)我忍不住赶回了那座废弃的房子，它不小心飞了进来，被困在那里，无助而绝望。
8. (2022新高考I卷)大卫又恢复了他一贯的笑容，这给我留下了深刻的印象。心若有志，没有什么是不可能的。
9. (2021新高考I卷)妈妈咬了一口三明治，大声说这是她吃过的最好的三明治。
10. (2025浙江1月卷)凯文迫不及待地想详细解释所发生的一切，包括在地板下发现的那块旧手表。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01定语从句
(
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读
01
】定语从句概述
【知能解读
02
】关系代词
that
典型用法
【知能解读
03
】
关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法
【知能解读
0
4
】关系代词
as
典型
用法
【知能解读
0
5
】关系副词
when, where, why
典型用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法
【重难点突破02】定语从句中的主谓一致用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】关系代词和关系副词混淆
【易混易错02】
关系代词that和which混淆
【易混易错03】“介词+关系代词”误用
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【方法技巧01】对比法--定语从句与其它从句区别
【方法技巧02】括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中定语从句
)
01 定语从句概述
定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。
先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。
关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语
关系副词：when, where, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。
This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句）
He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句）
分割型定语从句：指先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分（如谓语动词、介词短语等）隔开的结构。这种分隔是为了避免句子头重脚轻原则（将较长成分置于句尾）。
The days (are gone)when we had to rely on manual labor.
He is the only person (in the company)who can solve this problem.
02 关系代词that典型用法
1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。
I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。
She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。
3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。
He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。
This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。
4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。
They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。
5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。
Who is the man that is standing over there 站在那边的人是谁？
Which is the book that you want 哪本是你想要的书？
7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。
The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。
7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。
He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。
【跟踪训练】
1．The local market has everything _________ shows the area’s cooking culture, from fresh seafood to handmade pasta.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当地市场拥有展示该地区烹饪文化的一切，从新鲜的海鲜到手工制作的意大利面。空处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词是不定代词“everything”，用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。
2．There is one point_________we must insist on.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：有一点我们必须坚持。先行词为one point，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为that/which。故填that/which。
3．I have found the very shop _________ has everything we need.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我已经找到了那家正好有我们需要的一切东西的商店。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为the very shop，被the very修饰，在定语从句中作主语，故只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
4．I like the writers and their works _________ you mentioned the other day.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我喜欢你前几天提到的作家和他们的作品。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the writers and their works，且先行词既有人又有物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作mentioned的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
5．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere_________can make the audience fully immersed in the music.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。
6．Festivals are occasions_________ allow us to forget about our work for a little while.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：节日是能让我们暂时忘却工作的时刻。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
7．The reason _________ he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：他在会上解释的理由一点也不合理。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，“The reason”是先行词，“he explained at the meeting” 是定语从句修饰先行词“reason”。在这个定语从句中，“explained”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而先行词“reason”指物，所以要用关系代词“which”或“that”来引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
8．You may not control all the events _________ happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们击垮。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为all the events，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用that引导，故填that。
9．My mother was so proud of all _________ I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我妈妈为我所做的一切感到骄傲，她奖励我去北京旅行。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词all进行限定说明，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词是不定代词all，所以用关系代词that代替先行词在从句中作宾语。故填that。
10．In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way _________ emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：在这本“书中的书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的这些联系。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为way，关系车作从句的主语，用关系代词that。故填that。
03关系代词which典型用法
1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。
You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。
2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。
The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。
She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。
3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。
The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。
4.【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。
Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur.
埃隆 马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司，他是一位著名的企业家。
This café, where we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi.
这家咖啡馆，我们经常在那里开会，提供免费的无线网络。
【跟踪训练】
1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【答案】 which/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】 which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
【答案】that/which。
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
6.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
7.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【答案】which或that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
8.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】 that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。
10.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
03关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法
1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。
She is the girl who/that won the first prize in the competition.她就是在比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩。
Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。
Those who love reading often have rich inner worlds.热爱阅读的人往往有丰富的内心世界。
2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。
The girl whom you saw at the party is a famous singer.（whom引导限制性定语从句）
你在派对上看到的那个女孩是位著名歌手。
The author, whom the students admire, gave a speech.（whom引导非限制性定语从句）
那位受学生钦佩的作家做了演讲。
3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。
This is the professor from whom I learned a lot.这就是我从他身上学到很多东西的教授。
4. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
【跟踪训练】
1.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
【答案】whose。
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
2.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】that/who
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
3.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
【答案】 whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
5.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。
04关系代词as的典型用法
1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法
as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。
Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
★易错提醒1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
★易错提醒2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。)
She is such a kind girl as many students like.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。)
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：洛杉矶是一个如此有吸引力的地方，每个人都想去参观。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。
2. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit it.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：洛杉矶是一个如此迷人的地方，以至于每个人都想去游览它。such…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。
3. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.
【答案】so; as
【详解】句意：这是一个如此难的问题，以至于没有人能解出来。so…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。
4. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work it out.
【答案】so; that
【详解】句意：这是一个如此难的问题，以至于没有人能解出来。so…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。
5. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：我的钢笔不见了。我想买一支和我弄丢的一样的钢笔。the same…as…强调“和……是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。
6. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：珍妮很高兴，因为她找到了昨天丢失的那支钢笔。the same…that…强调“和……是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
(
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样；
as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知；
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；
as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
)as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首）
Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected.
不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末）
★易错提醒：which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
He sold his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as。
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：然而，正如雷切尔 卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2．After reading this novel, we were all impressed by such integrity _________was shown by the leading character.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：读完这本小说，我们都被主人公所表现出的正直所打动。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“integrity”，在从句中作主语，与such构成固定搭配，用关系代词as。故填as。
3.The teacher asked such a difficult question _________ no one could answer.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：老师问了一个没人能回答的难题。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词question，且为句型such...as...。故填as。
4.Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _________ none of us worked it out.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：上周，我们数学老师布置了一道很难的考试题，我们没人能解出来。此处引导定语从句，先行词为so difficult an examination problem，被so修饰，从句中不缺少成分，故应用so…that引导结果状语从句，故填that。
5. The Great Wall is such a famous tourist attraction _________ draws millions of people every year.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：长城是一个著名的旅游景点，每年吸引数百万人。空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词a famous tourist attraction，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，因为先行词前面有such修饰，所以此处用关系代词as引导。故填as。
6. _________the book mentions, you had better not do such things _________ you are unsure about.
【答案】As；as
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：正如那本书提到的那样，你最好不要做自己没有把握的事情。分析句子结构可知，第一空表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，故用As；第二空引导定语从句，先行词things被such修饰，故用as。故填①As；②as。
7．I worked at a panda conservation center in China, _________ saw a significant increase in panda population numbers.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我在中国的一个熊猫保护中心工作，那里的熊猫数量显著增加。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 a panda conservation center，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．_________ is often the case, making something look easy is quite difficult.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：情况往往如此，要让某件事情看起来容易其实相当困难。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子making something look easy is quite difficult，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指代后面整个句子所表达的情况，as is often the case为固定表达，意为 “情况往往如此，正如常有的情形那样”，应用关系代词as引导，句首单词，首字母大写。故填As。
9．People from the UK are called “British”, _________ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：来自英国的人被称为“British”，这意味着英国也经常被称为Britain或Great Britain。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
10. _________ is known to us all, Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国人喜欢张贴年画来庆祝春节。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival，关系词在从句中作主语，指代整个句子的内容，翻译成“正如”，应用as引导，as is known to us all意为“众所周知”。故填As。
05关系副词when, where, why典型用法
1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
Do you remember the day when we first met
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
There are occasions when one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间名词）
★易错提醒：
当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。
This is the first time that I’ve heard this song.
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village.
2. where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。
This is the hospital where my sister used to work.
(the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。)
The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.
我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply.
在许多情况下，这条规则不适用。（先行词cases是抽象地点）
3. why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。
The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作状语）
The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作宾语）
【跟踪训练】
1.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。
3.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。
4.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】 where
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
5．We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ my grandparents and some relatives live.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：我们要去广州过春节，我的祖父母和一些亲戚住在那里。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Guangzhou，且在从句作地点状语，故填where。
6．Attending the charity event was an occasion __________I realized the importance of giving back to the community.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：参加慈善活动让我意识到回馈社会的重要性。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是occasion，关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
7．The reason __________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life.
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：我们应该减少塑料使用的原因是，它极大地减少了污染，保护了海洋生活。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以使用关系副词why引导。故填why。
8．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, __________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：我将在九月和我的父母去北京观光，那时天气既不太热也不太冷。先行词是September，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限制性定语从句。故填when。
9．The reason __________ the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations.
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：每年庆祝这个节日的原因是为了纪念代代相传的古老传统。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语用why。故填why。
10．The movie brings me the hours __________ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：这部电影让我回想起小时候和朋友们在社区公园玩耍的时光，那时我们无忧无虑地笑着。分析句子结构可知，“_____ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the hours”，先行词是一个表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以应该用关系副词“when”来引导该定语从句。故填when。
01定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法
1.先行词指人，关系代词用whom；先行词指物，关系代词用which。注意此结构不能用that/who；
I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.（先行词the day指物，关系代词用which）
This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. （先行词the teacher指人，关系代词用whom）
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
Can you tell me the reason for which you are so late （先行词the reason常与介词for连用）
Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested. （定语从句谓语动词be interested in是固定搭配）
Do you like the teacher from whom she learned a lot （定语从句谓语动词learn from…是固定搭配）
My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday. （从句根据语境应用without which）
3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose作定语。
The tool, with whose help we finished the task, is very useful. （with one’s help是固定搭配）
【跟踪训练】
1. Do you remember the day __________ __________ we first met
【答案】 on which。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。
2. Do you remember the month __________ __________ we first met
【答案】in which。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
3. This is the skirt __________ __________ she paid $100.
【答案】for which。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。
4. This is the skirt __________ __________ she spent $100.
【答案】on which。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。
5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot.
【答案】 from whom。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。
6. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
【答案】without whose。
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。
7．Peter with __________ sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：在大学里，我和彼得的姐姐共用一个房间，彼得精通计算机编程。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Peter，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰名词sister，和sister之间是所属关系，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。
8．The girl from__________ I borrowed this dictionary is my classmate.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：我向她借这本字典的那个女孩是我的同学。该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰名词girl，并指代先行词，在从句中作介词from的宾语，先行词是人，应使用whom，介词加whom引导定语从句。故填whom。
9．Scientists are still trying to determine the extent __________ which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade.
【答案】to
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：科学家们仍在试图确定气候变化在未来十年对沿海社区的影响程度。本空考查介词+which引导的限制性定语从句，to some extent“在某种程度上”，which指代先行词extend，故空处应填介词to与其搭配。故填to。
10．Air, __________ which we couldn’t live, is very important.
【答案】without
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：空气非常重要，没有它我们就无法生存。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Air，根据下文“we couldn't live(我们就无法生存)”可推理出此处说的是没有空气我们就无法生存，所以空白处需填介词without表示“没有”。故填without。
02定语从句中的主谓一致用法
1．定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
2．定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【跟踪训练】
1.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone.
【答案】suits
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：如果你考虑情况的各个方面，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。分析可知，设空处为从句谓语，根据语境，为一般事实，应用一般现在时，从句的主语that指代先行词 a solution，从句谓语要用单数，故填suits。
2. She is the only one of the girls in our class who ___________ (win) the prize so far.
【答案】has won
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。“the only one of...”结构中，先行词为单数the only one，从句谓语用单数现在完成时has won。
3. The children, each of whom ___________ (own) a toy car, are playing happily.
【答案】owns
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。each of whom 强调个体，从句谓语 own 用单数形式。
4. The problems which ___________ (cause) by pollution require immediate attention.
【答案】are caused
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。先行词problems 为复数，且从句用被动语态，因此谓语用are caused。
5. This is one of the best novels that ___________ (publish) this year.
【答案】have been published
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。先行词novels为复数，“one of +复数名词 + that...”结构中，从句谓语用复数形式且是被动语态， have been published。
01 关系代词和关系副词混淆
1.先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why。
2.窍门：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语等；关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。
★易错提醒：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或宾语用关系代词。
I remember the year when he was born.（不及物动词，需加介词 in the year）
I remember the year that/which saw great changes.（及物动词，即 the year saw changes）
This is the park where we had a picnic.（不及物动词，需加介词 in the park）
This is the park that/which we visited.（及物动词，直接说 visited the park）
The reason why he left is still unknown.（why作原因状语，可替换成 for which）
The reason that he gave for being late was acceptable. （why作gave宾语）
【跟踪训练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. Do you still remember the days________ we traveled together
2. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together
3. Is this the museum ______ you once worked
4. Is this the museum ______ you once paid a visit to
5. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday
6. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday
7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
【参考答案】
1. when2. that/which3. where4. that/which5. why6. that/which7. which
02 关系代词that和which混淆
只用关系代词that场合 典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时 Look at the man and his dog that are crossing the street.
先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first book that I bought.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
先行词是nothing, anything, all, much, little等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
先行词被only, very, little, all等限定词修饰时 All the money that I had was stolen. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
当主句是以who 或 which 开头的疑问句时 Which book is the one that you recommended Who is the person that called me just now
只用关系代词which场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 My car, which is very old, still runs well. He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 This is the housein which I lived last year. The problem about which we were talking is very complex.
【跟踪训练】用适当的关系词填空。
1. The tool with ___________ he fixed the car is missing.
2. This is all ________ I want to say at the meeting.
3. This is the most delicious cake ________ I’ve ever tasted.
4. The third place ________ they visited was the Great Wall.
5. The book, ___________ I bought yesterday, is already out of print.
6. There is nothing ________ can stop me from achieving my goals.
7. They photographed the city and its people___________ that had survived the earthquake.
8. Please tell me the reason ___________can explain your absence reasonably.
9. Lillian works in a government office in ________ there are many different departments.
10. But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【参考答案】
1.which 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.which 6.that 7.that 8.that/which 9.which 10.who
03 “介词+关系代词”误用
先行词指人时，关系代词用whom; 先行词指物时，关系代词用which；且不可省略。
The table on which I put my book is wooden.
The person to whom I spoke is my teacher.
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. She told me about the artist to __________ she had donated her paintings.
2. The city in __________ I was born is famous for its ancient temples.
3. The professor to __________ I spoke yesterday is a Nobel laureate.
4. The book from __________ I borrowed the idea won the Pulitzer Prize.
5. The company, the products of __________ I admire recently launched a new app.
【参考答案】
1. whom 2. which 3. whom 4. which 5. which
01对比法--定语从句与其它从句区别
1.定语从句vs同位语从句
定语从句对前边的名词（先行词）起限制作用，作宾语是关系词可以省略，同位语从句对前边的名词起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。
The news that our team won the game made us excited.
我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he told us just now made us very excited.
他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
2.定语从句vs状语从句
定语从句和状语从句易混点主要在于so….as/that, such…as/that…句型区别。
This is such an interesting movie as I have never seen before.
这是一部我从未看过的如此有趣的电影。
The math problem was so difficult that no one could solve it.
这道数学题太难了，以至于没人能解出来。
3.定语从句vs名词性从句
定语从句和状语从句易混点主要集中在介词之后所接从句的理解。
A new museum will be built in what used to be a wasteland. （宾语从句）
A new museum will be built in the place that used to be a wasteland. （定语从句）
A new museum will be built where it used to be a wasteland. （状语从句）
一座新博物馆将建在曾经是一片荒地的地方。
4.定语从句vs强调句型
有时候用于It was+被强调部分+定语从句+that….，把定语从句和强调句型结合在一起。
It was the girl who won the first prize that received the scholarship.
正是那个获得一等奖的女孩拿到了奖学金。
It was at the school where my mother works that I met the famous writer.
正是在我母亲工作的那所学校里，我遇见了那位著名作家。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago.
【答案】where。
【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是the village，定语从句被谓语部分分隔开。故答案是when。
2. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
【答案】where; that。
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型用法。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
3. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
【答案】which。
【详解】考查定语从句用法。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
4. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of ____________ were translated into foreign languages.
【答案】them。
【详解】考查定语从句和并列句用法。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
5.（2024新课标I卷）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ___________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
【答案】what。
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句区别。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。
6. It was in the street ___________where I met him yesterday___________ that an accident happened.
【答案】where, that。
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：在我昨天见到他的那条街上发生一起事故。in the street ___________where I met him yesterday是被强调部分，同时where引导定语从句。
02 括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中定语从句
阅读理解长难句应对最简单有效的办法是遇到各种从句、非谓语、介词短语等用括号括起来视为一个单位，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”删繁就简的目的，快速理解句子含义。
1. (2025浙江1月卷阅读C篇) The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.
翻译：这个概念诞生于二战后德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且维护成本最低的方式种植大片绿地之时。
理解：The concept was born (when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland)（状语从句） after World War II in a reproducible way (that would need minimal maintenance)（定语从句）.
2. (2024新课标I卷阅读D篇) This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
翻译：这说得通,因为那些通过移动设备获取观察性生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家,他们在附近地区记录自己与物种的相遇。
理解：This makes sense because the people (who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices)（定语从句）are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【跟踪训练】用括号法八下列各句的定语从句括起来。
1. (2024新课标I卷阅读七选五) It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.
2. (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
3. (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
4. (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
5. (2024全国甲卷阅读D篇)You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
【参考答案】
1.(whose meanings are similar, but not identical)
2.( where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad)
3.( where it’s eaten)
4.( which is highly accessible and informative), (which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI)
5.( that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere), (that fits what’s right for the characters)
(
定语从句
综合能力提升
)
一、单项语法填空
1．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：他经常回忆起他的童年，那时他和爷爷奶奶住在乡下。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词his childhood，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere___________ can make the audience fully immersed in the music.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。
3．CISAR brings help and hope to those___________ lives are changed by natural disasters.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：CISAR为那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来帮助和希望。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
4．The author ___________ whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.
【答案】with
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我们都熟悉的作家将访问我们公司。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“author”，指人，“be familiar with…”意为“熟悉……”，关系代词“whom”作“with”的宾语，故空格处应用介词“with”。故填with。
5．In a word, we reached a point___________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：总之，我们达到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的一个点。空处引导定语从句，修饰a point，先行词point意为“阶段”，为抽象地点，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
6．Asians ___________ diets are like Westerners’ experience more disease and weight problems.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：饮食像西方人的亚洲人更容易患病和出现体重问题。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Asians，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰diets，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
7．The reason ___________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life.
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我们应该减少塑料使用的原因是，它极大地减少了污染，保护了海洋生活。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以使用关系副词why引导。故填why。
8．She often reminds herself of the good days ___________they spent together working out the problem in the distant rural area.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她经常提醒自己，他们在遥远的农村地区一起解决问题的好日子。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the good days，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
9．It’s the only Thai restaurant ___________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这是一家唯一跻身于世界50佳餐厅前十名的泰国餐厅。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为Thai restaurant，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有the only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
10．The app uses AR to transform the way ___________ visitors interact with the park’s wildlife.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这个软件使用AR改变了游客与公园野生动物互动的方式。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the way，定语从句中句式完整，故应用that/in which引导，故填that。
11．The students benefiting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句，故填who或that。
12．I don’t think the number of the people to ___________ this happens is very large.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我不认为这种情况发生在很多人身上。空处引导定语从句，先行词the number of the people，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
13．It is a comment on society and on the nature of people through the tale of a man ___________ life is changed by an act of forgiveness.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：它是通过一个人的故事对社会和人的本性的评论，这个人的生活被宽恕的行为改变了。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词man，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和life之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。
14．From his travelling diary, we all know that there is such a beautiful place ___________ he has described to us.）
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：从他的旅行日记中，我们都知道有一个像他描述的那样美丽的地方。分析可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词place，从句缺少宾语，且先行词被such修饰，只能用关系代词as。故填as。
15．Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem___________ none of us worked out.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：上学期，我们数学老师出了一道没有人能算出来的考试题。根据句子分析可知，Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem为主句，从句中none of us worked out缺宾语，故为定语从句，先行词是an examination problem，指物定语从句中缺work out的宾语。先行词被so修饰，故用as代替先行词，在定语从句中做宾语。故填as。
16．Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with ___________ you have the deepest relationships.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：亲密的朋友是那些你真正可以依靠的人，和你关系最深的人。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是“those”，指代“close friends”（亲密的朋友），在定语从句“with __________ you have the deepest relationships”中，关系代词作介词“with”的宾语，且先行词指人，所以要用“whom”。故填whom。
17．Written Chinese has also become an important means ___________China’s present is connected with its past.
【答案】by which
【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。分析句子可知，此处为介词by+关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词means在从句中作介词by的宾语成分，从句中by means表示“通过这一手段”，为固定搭配，此处为介词by的前置。故填by which。
18．The scientist, with ___________ I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：和我一起做这个项目的那位科学家将参加下个月的国际会议。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
19．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：这部以年轻侦探为主角的小说获得了年度文学奖。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，The novel和main character之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。
20．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：学生们聚集在一起享受美食、与朋友社交的食堂，往往成为学校社区的中心。“_________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The cafeteria，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
二、定语从句易混对比10组20例
Group 1
1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here.
2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby.
1. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这个孤儿来自海南省，那里离这里很远。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hainan Province，指物，作主语，故填which。
2. who
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这个孤儿来自海南省，他在婴儿时期就失去了父母。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The orphan，指人，作主语，故填who。
Group 2
3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor.
4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor.
3. whose
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：窗户朝南的那所房子是给医生的。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作定语。故填whose。
4. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：窗户朝南的那所房子是给医生的。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
Group 3
5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
5. It
考查主语从句的用法。句意：众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。It is well-known that…是固定句型，It作形式主语。故填It。
6. What
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。___________ is well-known to us all是主语从句，又缺少主语和连接词，故填What。
Group 4
7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
7. Anyone
考查定语从句用法。句意：任何最后离开房间的人都应该把灯关掉。Anyone who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用单数形式。故填Anyone。
8. Those
考查定语从句用法。句意：凡是最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。Those who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填Those。
Group 5
9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow.
9. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我们只是想达成一种双方都愿意坐下来谈判的局面。定语从句有主语，不缺少宾语，因此先行词a point作抽象的地点状语。故填where。
10. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：记住，还有一点我们明天必须弄清楚。先行词one point 在从句充当宾语，make…clear…把……弄清楚。故填that/which。
Group 6
11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident.
12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
11. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：他写了一封信，解释事故中发生了什么。定语从句缺少主语，指物，故用that/which。
12. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：他写了一封信，解释事故中发生了什么。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此这里表示“在这封信中”，表示地点概念，故填where。
Group 7
13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific.
13. that
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。先行词the way在定语从句___________ you speak to her充当方式状语，可以填that或in which或省略that。
14. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。先行词the way在定语从句___________ isn’t scientific中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
Group 8
15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
15. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：卓别林出演了 82 部电影，其中许多是他自己编剧和导演的。逗号是关键，理解为定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，作宾语，故填which。
16. them
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：卓别林出演了 82 部电影，其中许多是他自己编剧和导演的。分号相当于and，因此前后应理解为并列句，故填them。
Group 9
17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday.
18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday.
17. why
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：老师不知道她昨天缺席的原因。先行词the reason在定语从句充当原因状语，故填why。
18. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：老师无法接受她昨天解释的原因。先行词the reason在定语从句充当宾语，explained是及物动词，缺少宾语。故填why。
Group 10
19. Beijing is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit.
20. Beijing is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it.
19. as
考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：北京是一个人人都喜欢参观的迷人之地。语境分析得知这是such…as…引导的限制性定语从句，as充当从句的主语或宾语。故应用as。
20. that
考查状语从句关系词用法。句意：北京是一个人人都喜欢参观的迷人之地。语境分析得知这是such…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分，that只起连接作用。故应用that。
三、定语从句助力写作能力升格
1. (2024新课标I卷)总之，这不仅仅是一堂艺术课；这是我真正珍惜的与大自然相连的时刻。
1. In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
2.(2024新课标I卷) 他在四天前送我下车的公共汽车站接我。
2. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.
3.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从未想过自己能做到的。
3. Wide-eyed with the coach’s words, she couldn’t believe that she had actually completed the mile run, something she never thought she could do.
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
4. The tired horse who once had doubts and once thought about quitting, kept going and made it to the destination.
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
5. I will never forget this experience, which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
6. I am grateful to my teacher, whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
7. (2023浙江1月卷)我忍不住赶回了那座废弃的房子，它不小心飞了进来，被困在那里，无助而绝望。
7. I couldn’t help hurrying back to the deserted house where it accidentally flew in and was trapped , helpless and desperate.
8. (2022新高考I卷)大卫又恢复了他一贯的笑容，这给我留下了深刻的印象。心若有志，没有什么是不可能的。
8. David’s usual toothy smile came back again, which left a deep impression on me. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
9. (2021新高考I卷)妈妈咬了一口三明治，大声说这是她吃过的最好的三明治。
9. Mother bit into a sandwich and exclaimed it was the best sandwich she had ever tasted.
10. (2025浙江1月卷)凯文迫不及待地想详细解释所发生的一切，包括在地板下发现的那块旧手表。
10. Kevin couldn't wait to explain everything that had happened in detail, including the old watch found beneath the floorboard.
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