2026年高考英语第一轮复习(全国通用)专题06祈使句省略句(知识清单)(学生版+教师版)

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2026年高考英语第一轮复习(全国通用)专题06祈使句省略句(知识清单)(学生版+教师版)

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专题06 祈使句+省略句
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目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
祈使句概述
【知能解读02】
Do型祈使句
【知能解读03】Don’t/Never型祈使句
【知能解读04】
Let型祈使句
【知能解读05】
祈使句+and/or+陈述句
【知能解读06】
No+名词/-ing祈使句
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】省略介词的高频句型
【重难点突破02】定语从句的省略用法
【重难点突破0
3
】宾语从句的省略用法
【重难点突破0
4
】虚拟语气的省略用法
【重难点突破0
5
】并列句的省略用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】动词不定式to的省略用法
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【方法技巧】状语从句的省略用法
)
01 祈使句概述
祈使句:祈使句属于陈述语气,另外还有陈述语气和虚拟语气。学好祈使句,一是掌握祈使句基本知识结构,二是加强训练,查漏补缺。
02 Do型祈使句
1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。
Do 型祈使句以动词原形开头,直接表达命令、请求、建议等语气,主语 “you” 通常省略。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号,读的时候用降调。
Close the door, please. 请关上门。
Eat your vegetables before dessert. 吃甜点前先吃蔬菜。
2. 表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
Please use reusable water bottles instead of disposable ones. 请用可重复使用的水瓶代替一次性水瓶。
03 Don’t/Never型祈使句
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。
Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth. 刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。
Don’t litter or throw garbage into the river. 不要乱扔垃圾或往河里扔废弃物。
2. Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。
Never hesitate to ask for help if you’re in trouble. 遇到困难时绝不要犹豫寻求帮助。
Never ignore the importance of wearing a seatbelt. 绝不要忽视系安全带的重要性。
★易错提醒:否定祈使句构成反意疑问句,附加问句用肯定形式。
Never litter in the park, will you 绝对不要在公园乱扔垃圾,好吗?
04 Let型祈使句
带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头,其结构为:
1. Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语(动词原形)+其它。Let us不包括说话者,而Let’s则包括说话者。
Let me introduce myself first. 让我先自我介绍一下。
Let me show you how to use this machine. 让我教你怎么用这台机器。
Let us work together to protect the environment. 让我们共同努力保护环境。
Let us know if you need any help. 如果需要帮助,请告诉我们。
2. Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句,附加问句用“shall we ”。
Let’s have a cup of coffee after work, shall we 下班后我们喝杯咖啡吧,好吗?
3. Let us... 后接 will you(当表示 “请求对方允许我们做某事”时):
Let us leave, will you 请允许我们离开,好吗?
05祈使句+and/or+陈述句
“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。
1. and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系,and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。
Save water every day, and we can protect the planet. 每天节约用水,我们就能保护地球。
Wear a coat, or you’ll catch a cold. 穿上外套,不然你会感冒的。
Follow the rules, or you’ll get into trouble. 遵守规则,否则你会惹上麻烦。
2. 有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组,变为“(动词)+名词短语+and/or+主句”。
A little patience, and the problem will be solved. 多点耐心,问题就会解决。
One wrong move, or you’ll fall off the cliff. 一步走错,你就会掉下悬崖。
06 No+名词/-ing祈使句
在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。
No parking! 禁止停车!
No entry! 禁止入内!
No food or drink! 禁止饮食!
No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾!
No spitting! 禁止随地吐痰!
【跟踪训练】单项填空:每道题均有一个最佳答案。
1. ________ everything bad from it and you won’t feel disappointed when it happens.
A. Expecting B. Expect C. Having expected D. To expect
1. B
解析:考查祈使句+and+简单句。句意:预料到它所有不好的方面,当它发生时你就不会感到失望了。本句为“祈使句+and+简单句”的结构,表示执行了祈使句中的行为,那么陈述句所描述的结果就会发生 。空处填动词原形构成祈使句。故选B项。
2. __________yourself with positive people and you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. Surround D. Being surrounded
2. C
解析:考查祈使句。句意:让自己周围都是积极的人,你会一直专注于你能做什么,而不是你不能做什么。分析句子可知,这是一个“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构,表示如果完成祈使句中的动作,就会实现陈述句描述的结果。祈使句以动词原形开头,Surround yourself with positive people是祈使句,表示“让自己周围都是积极的人”,后面的 you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t表示这样做的结果。故选C项。
3. The store is having a big sale today, go there early, ________ you might miss out on the best bargains.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
3. B
解析:考查连词词义辨析。句意:这家商店今天有大促销,早点去那儿,否则你可能会错过最划算的商品。A. and并且;B. or或者;C. but但是;D. so所以。此处为“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”句式结构。go there early是祈使句,给出一个建议;or是并列连词,意为“否则;要不然”,它连接前后两句话,后半句描述的是要是不遵从前面“早点去”这个建议,就会出现的负面结果,即错过最划算的商品,所以这里要用 “or”。故选B。
4. As the final exam is approaching and the difficulty is relatively high, study hard, ________ you won’t pass the final exam and may face academic pressure.
A. yet B. and C. or D. so
4. C
解析:考查祈使句+or陈述句。句意:由于期末考试临近,而且难度相对较高,所以要努力学习,否则你将无法通过期末考试,还可能面临学业压力。A. yet然而;B. and并且;C. or或者、否则;D. so所以。此处为“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”结构。“study hard”是祈使句,发出一种指令、劝告;or作为并列连词,意为“否则,要不然”,用来引出与祈使句内容相反的结果,即如果不执行“努力学习”这个动作,就会出现后面陈述句所说的“无法通过期末考试,面临学业压力”的负面情况。故选C。
5. Lucy, _________ carefully and write down the words you hear, please.
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen
5. A
解析:考查祈使句。句意:露西,请仔细听,把你听到的单词写下来。根据句意和空格后的and write down可知,该句子是祈使句,空格处应该用动词原形listen。故选A项。
6. ______ hard, and you will achieve your goals.
A. Worked B. Working C. To work D. Work
6. D
解析:考查祈使句。句意:努力工作,你就会实现你的目标。此句为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,祈使句用动词原形开头,本空用work“工作”的原形。故选D。
7. Stick to your plan and you ______ the task on time.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. will finish
7. D
解析:考查固定句型和动词时态。句意:坚持你的计划,你就会按时完成任务。A. finish一般现在时;B. finishes一般现在时第三人称单数形式;C. finished一般过去时;D. will finish一般将来时。此处为固定句型“祈使句+and+简单句”,简单句中使用一般将来时。故选D。
8. Hurry up, ________ you will miss your fight.
A. or B. and C. so D. but
8. A
解析:考查连词辨析。句意:快点,否则你会错过你的航班。A. or 否则;B. and 并且;C. so 因此;D. but 但是。根据句中“Hurry up”及“you will miss your flight”可知,句型结构为:祈使句+and/or+陈述句,这里需要一个连词来表示如果不快点,将会错过航班的结果,空处意为“否则”,应用or表示否定结果。故选A。
9. ________ action to protect the environment, and the earth will be a better place to live in.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Takes
9. A
解析:考查祈使句。句意:采取行动保护环境,地球将成为一个更美好的居住地。句子采用了“祈使句 + and + 简单句”的结构,用来表示如果做了某件事情(祈使句部分),那么就会得到某个结果(简单句部分),祈使句用动词原形开头。故选A。
10. It’s fine today. Let’s go a walk, ______
A. do you B. let we C. shall we D. does it
10. C
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:今天天气很好。我们去散步吧,好吗?该题为“let's”开头的祈使句的反意疑问句,应使用shall we。故选C项。
11. ____________, and all the problems could be settled.
A. If you make more efforts B. Making more efforts
C. A bit more effort D. To have made more efforts
11. C
解析:考查祈使句和省略。句意:再努力一点,所有的问题都可以解决。句中有并列连词and,因此前面应该为祈使句, A bit more effort是Make a bit more effort的省略形式,此处考查“名词词组+and+陈述句”固定句型。故选C。
12. —_________late for school again, Jack!
—Sorry, I promise I won’t.
A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Not be D. Not
12. B
解析:考查祈使句。句意:——别再上学迟到了,杰克!——对不起,我保证不会了。be late for是固定短语,意为“迟到”,句子是祈使句,表示“不要再迟到了”,因此用祈使句的否定句Don’t be late for school again。故选B。
13. ________ and I’ll get all the tasks finished.
A. One more hour B. Have one more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
13. A
解析:考查祈使句和省略。句意:再给我一个小时,我就能完成所有的任务。根据句意分析句子可知,本句是连词and连接的两个句子。空格处的句子应该是一个祈使句“Give me one more hour”,省略为one more hour。故选A。
14. Melissa, ________ the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you will oversleep and be late for the train.
A. set B. setting C. sets D. to set
14. A
解析:考查祈使句。句意:梅丽莎,把闹钟定在6点,否则你会睡过头而赶不上火车的。此处为祈使句+or+简单句,表示“做某事,否则……”。故选A。
15. ________ at the door before entering, please.
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
15. D
解析:考查祈使句。句意:请您进来前敲门。该句为祈使句,用动词原形开头,故选D项。
01 省略介词的高频句型
下列短语经常省略介词,注意介词后接动名词作宾语。
spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事;
be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事;
prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事;
have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难;
have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;
There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用;
have fun (in) doing做……开心。
He spent two hours in fixing the broken chair. 他花了两小时修理破椅子。
They wasted a lot of money decorating the house. 他们浪费很多钱装修房子。
He is occupied designing a new app for the company. 他忙于为公司设计新应用。
She has a hard time getting up early every morning. 她每天早起很困难。
He had trouble finding a job after graduating from college. 他大学毕业后找工作困难。
There is no point crying over spilled milk. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣毫无意义。
We had fun exploring the hidden trails in the forest. 我们探索森林里的隐秘小径玩得很开心。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam.
1. passing
解析:考查固定短语中介词省略用法。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。
2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV.
2. watching
解析:考查固定短语中介词省略用法。spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事,介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。
3. You can’t imagine what great trouble she had __________(raise) the four children.
3. raising
解析:考查固定短语中介词省略用法。have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。
4. Even though they knew I didn’t speak Portuguese, that didn’t stop them from ____________ (talk) to me, and we were able to communicate without a problem.
4. talking
解析:考查固定短语中介词省略用法。句意:尽管他们知道我不会说葡萄牙语,但这并没有阻止他们与我交谈,我们能够毫无问题地交流。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,用于介词from之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填talking。
5. While we’re developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth __________(pollute).
5.being polluted
解析:考查固定短语中介词省略用法。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”,同时又是被动含义。故填being polluted。
02 定语从句的省略用法
1. 在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词that, which, whom代替先行词作宾语时,可以省略关系代词。
Who was the girl (that/whom) he spoke to just now 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁?
I live near the river (that/which) I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。
2. 当先行词the way在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可以省略。
I don’t like the way in which/(that) he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。
The way in which/(that) the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。
★易错提醒:关系代词that, which, who在定语从句作主语时不能省略。
My brother, who lives in Paris, is an artist. 我哥哥住在巴黎,他是一名艺术家。
The house, which was built in 1920, is a historical landmark. 那座建于 1920 年的房子是一处历史地标。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
1. Then a man came in with his son, _________ wanted to buy ice cream, too.
2. Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag, ______ she gladly accepted.
3. I have an American friend, Marianne, _________ lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky.
4. In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _________is created for them.
5. They were well trained by their masters _________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【参考答案】
1. who 2. which 3. who 4. 4hat/which 5. who
03 宾语从句的省略用法
1. 谓语动词后的宾语从句,由that引导时,连接词that可以省略。
He believes (that) hard work leads to success. 他相信努力工作会带来成功。
Everybody knows (that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。
2. 在并列宾语从句中,第一个that可以省略,第二个及之后的that不可以省略。
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift. 她说她会来,还说会带一份礼物。
I noticed (that) the door was open and that someone had entered the room.
我注意到门是开着的,而且有人进过房间。
3. 在英语中,可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Is he coming back tonight 他今晚回来吗
—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。
--Is there a mistake in the report " 报告里有错误吗?
---I'm afraid so(= I'm afraid there is a mistake in the report). I’ll correct it immediately.
恐怕是的。我马上修改。
--Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗?
--I hope not (=I hope it will not rain tomorrow). We’ve planned a picnic. 希望不会。我们计划了野餐。
04 虚拟语气的省略用法
1. 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。
Were I you (=If I were you), I would accept the offer. 如果我是你,我会接受这个提议。
Had we known the truth earlier(= If we had known the truth earlier), we could have avoided the mistake.
如果我们早知道真相,就能避免这个错误了。
Should it rain tomorrow(= If it should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be canceled.
万一明天下雨,运动会就会取消。
2. 表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”,should常可省略。
The doctor suggested that she (should) rest for at least a week. 医生建议她至少休息一周。
It is necessary that we (should) take immediate action. 我们有必要立即采取行动。
There was a demand that the rules (should) be changed immediately. 有人要求立即修改这些规则。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (be) I Jane, I would make a weight loss plan.
1. Were
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:如果我是珍妮,我会制定一个减肥计划. 句子与现在情况相反,使用虚拟语气,条件句中be动词用were,这里是省略if的倒装形式,把were提到主语之前. 句首单词首字母大写. 故填Were。
2. (have) they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldn’t have moved into the building.
2. Had
解析:考查虚拟语气和倒装. 句意:如果他们早知道邻居是个鼓手,他们就不会搬进这栋楼了. 根据句意和主句的谓语动词“wouldn’t have moved”可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句应用过去完成时,当if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省略,然后把had提到主语前面,构成倒装结构,位于句首,首字母需大写. 故填Had。
3. It is requested that some measures (take) to stop “white pollution”.
3. should be taken/be taken
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:有人要求采取一些措施来制止“白色污染”. 此处为It is requested that句型,从句需用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”,且与主语之间为被动关系. 故填(should) be taken。
4. It is requested that these fruits and vegetables (transport) by train.
4. should be transported/be transported
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:要求用火车运输这些水果和蔬菜. request意为“要求”,其后的名词性从句应用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”且should可以省略,且transport与主语构成被动关系. 故填(should) be transported。
5. Last year, a doctor advised she (eat) more vegetables and fruits.
5. (should) eat
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:去年,一位医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果. 动词advise(建议)后面接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略;题中eat(吃)作advised后宾语从句中谓语,用虚拟语气should eat,should可省略. 故填(should) eat。
6. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (involve)in the plan or they won’t pass the final exam.
6. be involved
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:老师的要求是每个学生都要参与这个计划,否则他们就不能通过期末考试. 分析句子,requirement 后接表语从句时,从句应用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should可省略. 同时every student和involve之间是被动关系,故使用情态动词的被动语态结构. 故填be involved.
7. My demand is that the information referred to in my report (email) to Mr Brown without delay.
7. should be emailed/be emailed
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:我的要求是将我报告中提到的资料立即用电子邮件发给Brown先生. demand表示“要求”,表语从句中应用虚拟语气,即从句谓语部分用“(should)+动词原形”,动词email和主语the information之间是被动关系,故填(should) be emailed。
8. His proposal that the system (improve) got rejected by the boss.
8. be improved/should be improved
解析:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气以及被动语态. 句意:他提出的改进系统的建议被老板拒绝了. that引导同位语从句,对proposal内容进行解释说明,proposal是名词,意思是“建议,提议”,后面的同位语从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+do”的形式,其中should可以省略. 从句主语the system与动词improve之间为被动关系,从句谓语为被动语态should be improved. 故填should be improved/be improved。
9. It is high time that we (seek) help from the media.
9. sought/should seek
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:是时候向媒体寻求帮助了. It is high time that...该做……的时间到了,从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略. 根据句意,故填sought/should seek。
10. you arrived at the station earlier, you could have caught the train.
10. Had
解析:考查虚拟语气. 句意:如果你早点到车站,你就赶上火车了. 此处考查if引导的虚拟语气条件句,根据从句谓语arrived可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,应用过去完成时,此处省略了if,句子需倒装,将助动词had提到主语前,首字母大写. 故填Had。
05 并列句的省略用法
在并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分,如主语,谓语,宾语等,以使句子更加简洁明了。
He works as a doctor and his wife (works) a teacher.他是个医生,他妻子是个老师。
My brother stayed up late and (he) managed to finish the important project.
我哥哥熬夜很晚,并且完成了一项重要的项目。
The one side of the board is painted red and the other (side of the board was painted) yellow.
这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色,另一面被粉刷成黄色。
Jim won the first prize and Peter (won) the second(prize).吉姆赢得了一等奖,彼得赢得了二等奖。
动词不定式to的省略用法
1. 感官动词see, watch, notice等和使役动词have, make等接不定式作宾补时省略to,注意被动语态中to应加上。
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。
He was seen to cross the road. 有人看见他过了马路。
The teacher made the students clean the classroom. 老师让学生们打扫教室。
The students were made to clean the classroom. 学生们被要求打扫教室。
2. 在一些高频句型中常常省略不定式符号to:
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth 何不做某事?
prefer to do…rather than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
It’s raining. You might as well stay here. 在下雨,你最好还是待在这里。
He was so tired that he could do nothing but sleep. 他太累了,只能睡觉。
When I saw the funny movie, I couldn’t help but laugh. 我看那部搞笑电影时,忍不住笑了。
I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿步行去上学也不愿坐公交车。
3. 在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。注意,不定式后面是动词be时,be应保留。
He can’t swim as fast as he used to (swim).(他游泳不如以前快了。
My parents encouraged me to apply for the job, and I decided to.我父母鼓励我申请那份工作,我决定申请。
Being kind is more important than just pretending to be.(善良比仅仅假装善良更重要。
【跟踪训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
1. 去掉to
解析:let sb do sth让某人做事,故答案是去掉to。
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
2. 去掉do
解析:在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。
3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
3. 去掉to
解析:do nothing but do是固定句型,表示“不得不做某事”,故答案是去掉to。
4. As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to.
4. to后加be
解析:在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,不定式后面是动词be时,to be应保留。故答案是to后加be。
5. The young girl was observed enter the office silently.
5. enter前加to
解析:感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动语态中to应加上,故在enter前加to。
6. Rather than to ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
6. 去掉第一个to
解析:prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”,故去掉第一个to。
状语从句的省略用法
1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致,或状语从句的主语为it, 且从句中含有be动词时,可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。
If (it is) necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions.如果有必要,我会向他求助寻求些建议的。
You can put the box wherever (it is) convenient. 你可以把盒子放在任何方便的地方。
While enjoying painting, she doesn’t have much time for it. 虽然她喜欢画画,但没太多时间投入。
2.“从属连词+现在分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
When (she was) walking along the street, she met an old friend.当她在街上走时,遇到了一位老朋友。
Once (it is) printed, the report will be distributed to all departments.报告一旦打印好,就会分发给所有部门。
★易错提醒:before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。
He became more confident after winning the competition. 赢得比赛后,他变得更自信了。
The document needs to be reviewed before being submitted.文件在提交前需要审核。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Though (warn) about the danger, the hikers still decided to climb the icy mountain.
1. warned
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:尽管被警告过有危险,这些徒步旅行者仍然决定攀登这座冰山. 让步状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,从句完整形式为Though the hikers were____ (warn) about the danger,the hikers与warn“警告”为被动关系,本空用过去分词warned,与were构成一般过去时的被动语态. 故填warned.
2. While (process) the data, she realized there were several errors that needed immediate attention.
2. processing
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:在处理数据时,她意识到有几个错误需要立即注意. 根据所给动词process和空格前的连词while可知,此处考查状语从句的省略,while引导的完整从句是while she was processing the data,从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从中有be动词was,符合状语从句省略的条件,可以省略从句的主语和be动词. 故填processing.
3. If (recycle) properly, materials can be reused, reducing waste and conserving natural resources.
3. recycled
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:如果回收得当,材料可以重复使用,减少浪费和保护自然资源. if引导条件状语从句,从句的主语与主句主语materials一致,动词recycle与从句主语materials之间是被动关系,即be recycled,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,则从句中的主语和be动词可以省略. 故填recycled.
4. Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
4. invited
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:除非被邀请发言,否则你应该在会上保持沉默. invite为动词,表示“邀请”,根据“Unless”可知,该句为状语从句的省略句,主语和主句主语一致,invite和主语you之间为被动关系,原句应该为Unless you are invited to speak,表示“除非你被邀请发言”,可省略主语和be动词. 故填invited.
5. When (chat) with others, he uses different identities.
5. chatting
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:和别人聊天时,他使用不同的身份. 此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略,从句主语也是he,表示“当他在和别人聊天时”,故完整形式是When he is chatting with others,当状语从句和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可将从句主语和be动词省略,故填chatting.
6. Though not officially (confirm), the rumor about the company’s merger has spread widely in the business circle.
6. confirmed
解析:考查非谓语动词. 句意:虽然没有得到官方证实,但有关该公司合并的传言已在商界广泛传播. 分析句子结构可知,though引导让步状语从句,主句主语为the rumor,从句和主句主语一致,the rumor与confirm之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以从句谓语动词中含有be动词,所以此处省略“主语+be动词”,因此需使用过去分词表被动. 故填confirmed.
7. The AI technology can enable educators to bring personalized learning to the classroom if (apply) in a proper way.
7. applied
解析:考查状语从句的省略. 句意:如果应用得当,人工智能技术可以使教育工作者将个性化学习带入课堂. if引导条件状语从句,从句主语与主句主语一致,为The AI technology,空处作句子谓语,应用动词apply,与主语The AI technology之间是被动关系,即be applied,条件状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词,因此省略从句的主语和be动词,即if applied. 故填applied.
8. When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them.
8. exposed
解析:考查状语从句中的省略. 句意:当面临困难和失败时,我们必须克服它们. 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词. 本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整形式为When we are_____ (expose) to the difficulties and failures,且主语we与expose“暴露,使面临”为被动关系,本空用过去分词,与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态,省略we are,保留过去分词. 故填exposed.
9. When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up.
9. locating
解析:考查状语从句中的省略. 句意:在选址建立企业时,管理者应该考虑是否能组建专业的团队. 该句为when引导的时间状语从句,从句主语和主句主语一致,且谓语动词中含有be动词时,可以省略“主语+be动词”,结合句意,locate与逻辑主语managers之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式. 故填locating.
10. Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem.
10. seated
解析:考查省略. 句意:他虽然静静地坐在角落里,但实际上却在深入思考这个复杂的问题. 句中Although _______ (seat) quietly at the corner是状语从句,省略了he was,完整形式为 Although he was seated quietly at the corner,用过去分词 seated 表示状态. 故填 seated.
(
祈使句和省略句
综合能力提升
)
一、单项填空
1. The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A. to come B. come C. coming D. came
1. B
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:电影《哪吒2》中的新技术如此惊人,以至于让角色在屏幕上栩栩如生。从句谓语为makes,本空为非谓语动词,make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。本空用省略to的不定式come,作宾补。故选B。
2. When ________ to danger and conflict, people’s blood pressure tends to increase.
A. to expose B. exposing C. exposed D. being exposed
2. C
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当人们暴露在危险和冲突中时,血压往往会升高。句子主语people与expose之间为被动关系,即“人们被暴露于危险中”,需用被动形式,原句可还原为“When people are exposed to danger and conflict”,时间状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词,省略后用过去分词exposed作状语。D 选项“being exposed”强调动作正在进行,而此处仅表示一般情况,无需强调进行时态,故排除。故选C。
3. Although first _______ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austin have remained popular around the world.
A. publishing B. being published C. published D. was published
3. C
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管简 奥斯汀的小说首次出版近 200 年前,但至今仍在全球广受欢迎。此处为让步状语从句的省略形式,省略了“主语+be动词”,publish 与逻辑主语 the novels of Jane Austin 之间为被动关系,因此需用过去分词形式,完整结构为 Although they were first published almost 200 years ago。故选C项。4. Rather than ________ a bus to her workplace, Susan prefers ________ a taxi.
A. to take, take B. take; taking C. take; to take D. to take; to take
4. C
解析:考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意:苏珊宁愿坐出租车也不愿坐公交去上班。固定搭配prefer to do rather than do表示“宁愿做……也不愿做……”。所以第一空格应填take,第二个空格应填to take。故选C。
5. —Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring
—No, they finally decided ________.
A. not to B. not leaving C. not to do D. not to be leaving
5. A
解析:考查动词不定式的省略。句意:——史密斯一家今年春天动身去澳大利亚吗?——不,他们最后决定不去。decide not to do sth.表示“决定不做某事”的意思,上文已经提到了leave for Australia this spring这个动作,此处就可以省略,动词不定式的省略,是把to后面的省掉。故选A。
6. —Do you often have someone_______your clothes
—Yes, I often have them_______.
A. wash; to wash B. to wash; washed C. washed; wash D. wash; washed
6. D
解析:考查have的用法。句意:——你经常让人帮你洗衣服吗?——是的,我经常让衣服被别人洗。have sb. do是固定短语,意为“让某人做某事”,因此第一空用动词原形;have sth. done是固定短语,意为“让某物被……”,因此第二空用过去分词。故选D。
7. ________ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money.
A. Jack has known B. Had Jack known
C. Should Jack know D. If Jack known
7. B
解析:考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:如果杰克知道真相,他就不会借给她任何钱了。结合后文wouldn’t have lent,可知本句表示对过去情况的虚拟。虚拟语气中,若条件从句表示与过去事实相反,从句需用“had + 过去分词”,可以省略 if ,将had 提到主语前构成部分倒装。故选B。
8. When ________ different cultures, we often focus our attention on the differences without noticing the similarities.
A. Having compared B. comparing C. being compared D. compared
8. B
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当比较不同文化时,我们常常把注意力集中在差异上,而没有注意到相似之处。此处为分词作状语,句子主语“we”和“compare”之间是主动关系,且没有明显的动作先后关系,因此应用现在分词的一般式。故选B项。
9. When properly ________by students, these strategies help them build confidence in public speaking.
A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
9. D
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当这些策略被学生恰当地接受时,它们有助于学生在公众演讲中建立信心。本句已有谓语动词help,所以空处应用非谓语动词形式,逻辑主语these strategies与accept之间为被动关系,表示“策略被接受”,所以应用过去分词形式作状语,此处为状语从句的省略。故选D项。
10. Though ________ with technical failures, the engineers never stopped improving the techniques.
A. facing B. having faced C. faced D. being faced
10. C
解析:考查非谓语动词。 句意:尽管面临技术故障,工程师们从未停止改进技术。be faced with 是固定短语,意为“面临,面对”,这里用过去分词作状语,表示被动。故选C 项。
二、单句填空
1. Let’s go and work out in the gym, we
1. shall
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:让我们去体育馆锻炼吧,怎么样?该句为反意疑问句,根据“Let’s go”可知,空处应该使用 shall we引导反意疑问。故填shall。
2. Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you
2. will
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:回答问题时不要看笔记,好吗?此处是反意疑问句,陈述部分是祈使句的否定式,疑问部分用“will you”,故填will。
3. Let’s look at these views in more detail, we
3. shall
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:让我们更详细地看一下这些观点,好吗?分析句子结构,Let’s用于表示征求对方的意见时,附加部分应使用shall we,故填shall。
4. Have a little more coffee, you
4. will/won’t
解析:考查祈使句的反义疑问句。句意:请再喝点咖啡,好吗?祈使句表示邀请时,反意疑问句可以用won’t you,也可以用will you。故填will/won’t。
5. Let John finish the work all by himself,
5. will you
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:让约翰自己完成这项工作,好吗?分析句子,设空处构成的反义疑问句结构,let sb的翻译为句结构为will you,其表示请求语气。故填will you。
6. Do pay attention to my work and keep your eyes open all the time,
6. will you
解析:考查时态以及反意疑问句。句意:一定要注意我的工作,时刻睁大眼睛,好吗?根据句式结构可知此处为反义疑问句的疑问部分, 主句部分是祈使句, 反意疑问句的助动词使用will,主语是you。故填will you。
7. –Alice, you feed the bird today, you   
---But I fed it yesterday.
7. will
解析:考查祈使句的反意疑问句。句意:——爱丽丝,你今天喂鸟,好吗 ——但是我昨天喂它了。根据句意分析句子可知,题干中的第一个句子是一个祈使句,空格后的部分应该是一个反意疑问句,所以应该用will you(表示请求语气)。故填will。
8. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, you
8. will
解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:我们忘记带票了,请让我们进去,好吗?let+me/us+谓语动词原形构成反意疑问句,附加问句用will you 。故填will。
9. The committee has recommended that the training program (improve) .
9. should be improved/be improved
解析:考查虚拟语气用法和被动语态。句意:委员会建议改进培训计划。分析句子可知,动词 “recommend(建议)”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气,结构为“should + 动词原形”,其中 “should”可省略。从句中主语“the training program(培训项目)”与“improve(改进)”之间是被动关系,即项目被改进,因此需使用被动语态(should) be improved。故填(should) be improved。
10. It is desirable that atomic energy (use) for peaceful purpose.
10. be used/should be used
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:原子能被用于和平目的是合乎情理的。It is desirable that...为固定句型,其中 that 引导的主语从句需用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形,should 可省略。此处从句主语与谓语构成被动关系,故填(should) be used。
11. (be) I Mary, I would make a weight loss plan.
11. Were
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我是玛丽,我会制定一个减肥计划。句子与现在情况相反,使用虚拟语气,条件句中be动词用were,这里是省略if的倒装形式,把were提到主语之前。句首单词首字母大写。故填Were。
12. What do you think of his proposal that the meeting (put) off to next week
12. should be put/be put
解析:考查语态。句意:你觉得他提出的将会议推迟到下周的提议怎么样?从句主语与谓语构成被动关系,且同位语从句中为虚拟语气,谓语用should+动词原形,should可以省略。故填(should) be put。
13. She recommended that the sports meeting (put) off because of the exam.
13. be put/should be put
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:她建议由于考试运动会应该延期举行。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”,且the sports meeting和put off“推迟”为被动关系,故应用含有情态动词的被动语态形式,即从句谓语用be put或should be put。故填be put或should be put。
14. (have) they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldn’t have moved into the building.
14. Had
解析:考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:如果他们早知道邻居是个鼓手,他们就不会搬进这栋楼了。根据句意和主句的谓语动词“wouldn’t have moved”可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句应用过去完成时,当if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省略,然后把had提到主语前面,构成倒装结构,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Had。
15. The aim of the project is (provide) better services for the community.
15. to provide
解析:考查不定式。句意:该项目的目的是为市民提供更优质的服务。提示词provide(提供)作表语,是非谓语动词,结合句意,用要去做的事情,用不定式作表语。故填 to provide。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题06 祈使句+省略句
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目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
祈使句概述
【知能解读02】
Do型祈使句
【知能解读03】Don’t/Never型祈使句
【知能解读04】
Let型祈使句
【知能解读05】
祈使句+and/or+陈述句
【知能解读06】
No+名词/-ing祈使句
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】省略介词的高频句型
【重难点突破02】定语从句的省略用法
【重难点突破0
3
】宾语从句的省略用法
【重难点突破0
4
】虚拟语气的省略用法
【重难点突破0
5
】并列句的省略用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】动词不定式to的省略用法
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【方法技巧】状语从句的省略用法
)
01 祈使句概述
祈使句:祈使句属于陈述语气,另外还有陈述语气和虚拟语气。学好祈使句,一是掌握祈使句基本知识结构,二是加强训练,查漏补缺。
02 Do型祈使句
1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。
Do 型祈使句以动词原形开头,直接表达命令、请求、建议等语气,主语 “you” 通常省略。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号,读的时候用降调。
Close the door, please. 请关上门。
Eat your vegetables before dessert. 吃甜点前先吃蔬菜。
2. 表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
Please use reusable water bottles instead of disposable ones. 请用可重复使用的水瓶代替一次性水瓶。
03 Don’t/Never型祈使句
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。
Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth. 刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。
Don’t litter or throw garbage into the river. 不要乱扔垃圾或往河里扔废弃物。
2. Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。
Never hesitate to ask for help if you’re in trouble. 遇到困难时绝不要犹豫寻求帮助。
Never ignore the importance of wearing a seatbelt. 绝不要忽视系安全带的重要性。
★易错提醒:否定祈使句构成反意疑问句,附加问句用肯定形式。
Never litter in the park, will you 绝对不要在公园乱扔垃圾,好吗?
04 Let型祈使句
带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头,其结构为:
1. Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语(动词原形)+其它。Let us不包括说话者,而Let’s则包括说话者。
Let me introduce myself first. 让我先自我介绍一下。
Let me show you how to use this machine. 让我教你怎么用这台机器。
Let us work together to protect the environment. 让我们共同努力保护环境。
Let us know if you need any help. 如果需要帮助,请告诉我们。
2. Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句,附加问句用“shall we ”。
Let’s have a cup of coffee after work, shall we 下班后我们喝杯咖啡吧,好吗?
3. Let us... 后接 will you(当表示 “请求对方允许我们做某事”时):
Let us leave, will you 请允许我们离开,好吗?
05祈使句+and/or+陈述句
“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。
1. and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系,and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。
Save water every day, and we can protect the planet. 每天节约用水,我们就能保护地球。
Wear a coat, or you’ll catch a cold. 穿上外套,不然你会感冒的。
Follow the rules, or you’ll get into trouble. 遵守规则,否则你会惹上麻烦。
2. 有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组,变为“(动词)+名词短语+and/or+主句”。
A little patience, and the problem will be solved. 多点耐心,问题就会解决。
One wrong move, or you’ll fall off the cliff. 一步走错,你就会掉下悬崖。
06 No+名词/-ing祈使句
在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。
No parking! 禁止停车!
No entry! 禁止入内!
No food or drink! 禁止饮食!
No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾!
No spitting! 禁止随地吐痰!
【跟踪训练】单项填空:每道题均有一个最佳答案。
1. ________ everything bad from it and you won’t feel disappointed when it happens.
A. Expecting B. Expect C. Having expected D. To expect
2. __________yourself with positive people and you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. Surround D. Being surrounded
3. The store is having a big sale today, go there early, ________ you might miss out on the best bargains.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
4. As the final exam is approaching and the difficulty is relatively high, study hard, ________ you won’t pass the final exam and may face academic pressure.
A. yet B. and C. or D. so
5. Lucy, _________ carefully and write down the words you hear, please.
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen
6. ______ hard, and you will achieve your goals.
A. Worked B. Working C. To work D. Work
7. Stick to your plan and you ______ the task on time.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. will finish
8. Hurry up, ________ you will miss your fight.
A. or B. and C. so D. but
9. ________ action to protect the environment, and the earth will be a better place to live in.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Takes
10. It’s fine today. Let’s go a walk, ______
A. do you B. let we C. shall we D. does it
11. ____________, and all the problems could be settled.
A. If you make more efforts B. Making more efforts
C. A bit more effort D. To have made more efforts
12. —_________late for school again, Jack!
—Sorry, I promise I won’t.
A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Not be D. Not
13. ________ and I’ll get all the tasks finished.
A. One more hour B. Have one more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
14. Melissa, ________ the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you will oversleep and be late for the train.
A. set B. setting C. sets D. to set
15. ________ at the door before entering, please.
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
01 省略介词的高频句型
下列短语经常省略介词,注意介词后接动名词作宾语。
spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事;
be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事;
prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事;
have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难;
have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;
There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用;
have fun (in) doing做……开心。
He spent two hours in fixing the broken chair. 他花了两小时修理破椅子。
They wasted a lot of money decorating the house. 他们浪费很多钱装修房子。
He is occupied designing a new app for the company. 他忙于为公司设计新应用。
She has a hard time getting up early every morning. 她每天早起很困难。
He had trouble finding a job after graduating from college. 他大学毕业后找工作困难。
There is no point crying over spilled milk. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣毫无意义。
We had fun exploring the hidden trails in the forest. 我们探索森林里的隐秘小径玩得很开心。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam.
2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV.
3. You can’t imagine what great trouble she had __________(raise) the four children.
4. Even though they knew I didn’t speak Portuguese, that didn’t stop them from ____________ (talk) to me, and we were able to communicate without a problem.
5. While we’re developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth __________(pollute).
02 定语从句的省略用法
1. 在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词that, which, whom代替先行词作宾语时,可以省略关系代词。
Who was the girl (that/whom) he spoke to just now 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁?
I live near the river (that/which) I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。
2. 当先行词the way在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可以省略。
I don’t like the way in which/(that) he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。
The way in which/(that) the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。
★易错提醒:关系代词that, which, who在定语从句作主语时不能省略。
My brother, who lives in Paris, is an artist. 我哥哥住在巴黎,他是一名艺术家。
The house, which was built in 1920, is a historical landmark. 那座建于 1920 年的房子是一处历史地标。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
1. Then a man came in with his son, _________ wanted to buy ice cream, too.
2. Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag, ______ she gladly accepted.
3. I have an American friend, Marianne, _________ lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky.
4. In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _________is created for them.
5. They were well trained by their masters _________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
03 宾语从句的省略用法
1. 谓语动词后的宾语从句,由that引导时,连接词that可以省略。
He believes (that) hard work leads to success. 他相信努力工作会带来成功。
Everybody knows (that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。
2. 在并列宾语从句中,第一个that可以省略,第二个及之后的that不可以省略。
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift. 她说她会来,还说会带一份礼物。
I noticed (that) the door was open and that someone had entered the room.
我注意到门是开着的,而且有人进过房间。
3. 在英语中,可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Is he coming back tonight 他今晚回来吗
—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。
--Is there a mistake in the report " 报告里有错误吗?
---I'm afraid so(= I'm afraid there is a mistake in the report). I’ll correct it immediately.
恐怕是的。我马上修改。
--Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗?
--I hope not (=I hope it will not rain tomorrow). We’ve planned a picnic. 希望不会。我们计划了野餐。
04 虚拟语气的省略用法
1. 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。
Were I you (=If I were you), I would accept the offer. 如果我是你,我会接受这个提议。
Had we known the truth earlier(= If we had known the truth earlier), we could have avoided the mistake.
如果我们早知道真相,就能避免这个错误了。
Should it rain tomorrow(= If it should rain tomorrow), the sports meeting would be canceled.
万一明天下雨,运动会就会取消。
2. 表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”,should常可省略。
The doctor suggested that she (should) rest for at least a week. 医生建议她至少休息一周。
It is necessary that we (should) take immediate action. 我们有必要立即采取行动。
There was a demand that the rules (should) be changed immediately. 有人要求立即修改这些规则。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (be) I Jane, I would make a weight loss plan.
2. (have) they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldn’t have moved into the building.
3. It is requested that some measures (take) to stop “white pollution”.
4. It is requested that these fruits and vegetables (transport) by train.
5. Last year, a doctor advised she (eat) more vegetables and fruits.
6. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (involve)in the plan or they won’t pass the final exam.
7. My demand is that the information referred to in my report (email) to Mr Brown without delay.
8. His proposal that the system (improve) got rejected by the boss.
9. It is high time that we (seek) help from the media.
10. you arrived at the station earlier, you could have caught the train.
05 并列句的省略用法
在并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分,如主语,谓语,宾语等,以使句子更加简洁明了。
He works as a doctor and his wife (works) a teacher.他是个医生,他妻子是个老师。
My brother stayed up late and (he) managed to finish the important project.
我哥哥熬夜很晚,并且完成了一项重要的项目。
The one side of the board is painted red and the other (side of the board was painted) yellow.
这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色,另一面被粉刷成黄色。
Jim won the first prize and Peter (won) the second(prize).吉姆赢得了一等奖,彼得赢得了二等奖。
动词不定式to的省略用法
1. 感官动词see, watch, notice等和使役动词have, make等接不定式作宾补时省略to,注意被动语态中to应加上。
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。
He was seen to cross the road. 有人看见他过了马路。
The teacher made the students clean the classroom. 老师让学生们打扫教室。
The students were made to clean the classroom. 学生们被要求打扫教室。
2. 在一些高频句型中常常省略不定式符号to:
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth 何不做某事?
prefer to do…rather than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
It’s raining. You might as well stay here. 在下雨,你最好还是待在这里。
He was so tired that he could do nothing but sleep. 他太累了,只能睡觉。
When I saw the funny movie, I couldn’t help but laugh. 我看那部搞笑电影时,忍不住笑了。
I prefer to walk to school rather than take a bus. 我宁愿步行去上学也不愿坐公交车。
3. 在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。注意,不定式后面是动词be时,be应保留。
He can’t swim as fast as he used to (swim).(他游泳不如以前快了。
My parents encouraged me to apply for the job, and I decided to.我父母鼓励我申请那份工作,我决定申请。
Being kind is more important than just pretending to be.(善良比仅仅假装善良更重要。
【跟踪训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
4. As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to.
5. The young girl was observed enter the office silently.
6. Rather than to ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
状语从句的省略用法
1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致,或状语从句的主语为it, 且从句中含有be动词时,可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。
If (it is) necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions.如果有必要,我会向他求助寻求些建议的。
You can put the box wherever (it is) convenient. 你可以把盒子放在任何方便的地方。
While enjoying painting, she doesn’t have much time for it. 虽然她喜欢画画,但没太多时间投入。
2.“从属连词+现在分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
When (she was) walking along the street, she met an old friend.当她在街上走时,遇到了一位老朋友。
Once (it is) printed, the report will be distributed to all departments.报告一旦打印好,就会分发给所有部门。
★易错提醒:before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。
He became more confident after winning the competition. 赢得比赛后,他变得更自信了。
The document needs to be reviewed before being submitted.文件在提交前需要审核。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Though (warn) about the danger, the hikers still decided to climb the icy mountain.
2. While (process) the data, she realized there were several errors that needed immediate attention.
3. If (recycle) properly, materials can be reused, reducing waste and conserving natural resources.
4. Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
5. When (chat) with others, he uses different identities.
6. Though not officially (confirm), the rumor about the company’s merger has spread widely in the business circle.
7. The AI technology can enable educators to bring personalized learning to the classroom if (apply) in a proper way.
8. When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them.
9. When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up.
10. Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem.
(
祈使句和省略句
综合能力提升
)
一、单项填空
1. The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A. to come B. come C. coming D. came
2. When ________ to danger and conflict, people’s blood pressure tends to increase.
A. to expose B. exposing C. exposed D. being exposed
3. Although first _______ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austin have remained popular around the world.
A. publishing B. being published C. published D. was published
4. Rather than ________ a bus to her workplace, Susan prefers ________ a taxi.
A. to take, take B. take; taking C. take; to take D. to take; to take
5. —Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring
—No, they finally decided ________.
A. not to B. not leaving C. not to do D. not to be leaving
6. —Do you often have someone_______your clothes
—Yes, I often have them_______.
A. wash; to wash B. to wash; washed C. washed; wash D. wash; washed
7. ________ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money.
A. Jack has known B. Had Jack known
C. Should Jack know D. If Jack known
8. When ________ different cultures, we often focus our attention on the differences without noticing the similarities.
A. Having compared B. comparing C. being compared D. compared
9. When properly ________by students, these strategies help them build confidence in public speaking.
A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
10. Though ________ with technical failures, the engineers never stopped improving the techniques.
A. facing B. having faced C. faced D. being faced
二、单句填空
1. Let’s go and work out in the gym, we
2. Don’t refer to your notes when answering questions, you
3. Let’s look at these views in more detail, we
4. Have a little more coffee, you
5. Let John finish the work all by himself,
6. Do pay attention to my work and keep your eyes open all the time,
7. –Alice, you feed the bird today, you   
---But I fed it yesterday.
8. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, you
9. The committee has recommended that the training program (improve) .
10. It is desirable that atomic energy (use) for peaceful purpose.
11. (be) I Mary, I would make a weight loss plan.
12. What do you think of his proposal that the meeting (put) off to next week
13. She recommended that the sports meeting (put) off because of the exam.
14. (have) they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldn’t have moved into the building.
15. The aim of the project is (provide) better services for the community.
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