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专题09 动词不定式
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 动词不定式作主语 4
知识点1 不定式直接作主语 4
知识点2 疑问词+不定式”作主语 4
知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 4
考点二 动词不定式作宾语 6
知识点1 只接to do作宾语的动词 8
知识点2 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 8
考点三 动词不定式作补足语 11
知识点1 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补 11
知识点2 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 11
知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补 11
知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 12
考点四 动词不定式作定语 14
知识点1 序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语 14
知识点2 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语 14
知识点3 effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语 14
考点五 动词不定式作状语 16
知识点1 动词不定式短语作目的状语 16
知识点2 动词不定式短语作结果状语 17
知识点3 动词不定式用于反射不定式 17
考点六 动词不定式作表语 19
知识点1 不定式位于系动词之后作表语 19
知识点2 不定式省略符号to作表语 19
考点七 动词不定式省略用法 21
04.真题溯源·考向感知 22
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1动词不定式作主语 （5年2考） 2021全国甲卷—to walk； 2020北京卷---to break 一、考情分析 1.不定式短语作目的状语，多放在句首，后边多用逗号。 2.不定式短语作定语，名词前有形容词或最高级修饰。 3.不定式短语作主语，多用于It takes time to do sth句型。 4.不定式短语作宾语，需要牢记aim, threaten, decide等动词常接不定式作宾语。 5.不定式短语作宾语补足语用于allow, persuade等动词用于“动词+sb to do sth.”。 6.不定式短语作原因状语，多用于“be+形容词+to do”句型。 二、复习目标 1.不定式作状语和定语是高考考查重点； 2.不定式作定语是高考考查难点； 3.注意把握不定式被动式和完成式。
考点2 动词不定式作宾语 （5年6考） 2025全国一卷---to present； 2024全国甲卷—to catch; 2023新课标I卷—to bite; 2022新课标II卷—how to thank; 2022浙江1月卷—plan to continue; 2021全国乙卷—aim to have。
考点3 动词不定式作补足语 （5年3考） 2024新课标II卷—to find; 2023新课标I卷---to be lifted 2022浙江卷—to do。
考点4动词不定式作定语 （5年5考） 2025浙江I月卷---to rent; 2025全国二卷—to discover 2022全国甲卷—to journey; 2022北京卷—to harm; 2022北京卷—to invest。
考点5动词不定式作状语 （5年2考） 2024新课标II卷—to find; 2022浙江卷—to do。
考点6 动词不定式作表语 （5年0考）
考点一 动词不定式作主语
知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语
1. 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。
To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
To finish the task on time requires careful planning. 按时完成任务需要周密计划。
2.【易错提醒】动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。
知识点2 “疑问词+不定式”作主语
1．“疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。
How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。
When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。
2.【易错提醒】“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。
What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。
知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语
1.当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。
It is necessary to exercise regularly. 定期锻炼是必要的。
It takes two hours to get there by bus. 坐公交到那里需要两小时。
2.当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。
It is important for us to protect wild animals. 对我们而言，保护野生动物很重要。
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. 他犯这样的错误，太愚蠢了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
1. to walk
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
2. to break
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
1．It is everyone’s responsibility in this village (keep) our neighbors from harm.
1. to keep
解析：考查不定式。句意：这个村子里的每个人都有责任保护我们的邻居免受伤害。分析句子结构可知，本句it作形式主语，动词keep“保持”在句子作真正主语，应该改为不定式。故填to keep。
2．It is difficult for the wildlife (adapt) to the climate change.
2. to adapt
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：野生动物很难适应气候变化。“It is + 形容词 + for someone/something + to do something”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式复合结构。故填to adapt。
3．I suppose it never occurred to him (meet) with such a big problem.
3. to meet
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我想他从未想到会遇到这么大的问题。句中it为形式主语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语；occur to sb.“某人突然想到”。故填to meet。
4．It’s impossible (foresee) the long-term impact of 3D printing. But the technology is coming, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches.
4. to foresee
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们无法预见3D打印的长期影响。但这项技术正在到来，它可能会颠覆它所涉及的每一个领域。根据“It’s impossible”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，foresee“预测，预见”需用不定式形式。故填to foresee。
5．For this person who has committed a serious mistake, it is such a great relief (forgive) by others.
5. to be forgiven
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对于这个犯了严重错误的人来说，被别人原谅是一种极大的解脱。“it is + n. + to do sth.”的固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，且forgive(原谅)与其逻辑主语this person之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动形式to be forgiven作主语。故填to be forgiven。
思维建模 动词不定式短语作主语满分技巧
1.了解掌握不定式作主语三种场合；
2.结合特定语境对号入座；
3.判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。
考点二 动词不定式作宾语
知识点1 只接to do作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语，这类动词需要重点记忆。
得分速记 mecarfipshwod美咖啡不是我的（首字母谐音记忆）
manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫，wish希望/want想要，offer主动提出，decide决定/desire想要/determine决心
She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties.
尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。
The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset.
登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。
The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.
妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025全国一卷）We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
1. to present
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
2.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ___________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2. to catch
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
1．Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult (focus) on other things.
1. to focus
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：花太多时间上网是不健康的，而且会让你很难把注意力集中在其他事情上。it是形式宾语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填to focus。
2．Seeing the injured bird, the boy decided (take) it home and nursed it back to health with gentle care.
2. to take
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这只受伤的鸟，男孩决定把它带回家，悉心照料让它恢复健康。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。故填to take。
3．Yesterday, I happened (see) my high school English teacher at the airport while waiting for my flight.
3. to see
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：昨天，我在机场等航班时，碰巧见到了我的高中英语老师。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语“happen to do sth.”，意为“碰巧做某事”，所以后需接动词不定式作宾语。故填to see。
4．My daughter had refused (consider) a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park.
4. to consider
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：我女儿拒绝考虑一辆省油且易于停放的实用汽车。此处为“refuse to do sth.”固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，所以此处应用consider的动词不定式形式作宾语。故填to consider。
5．When asked for comments, the spokesperson declined (say) anything about the matter.
5. to say
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当被要求置评时，这位发言人拒绝对此事发表任何评论。句中decline to do sth为固定短语，意为“拒绝去做某事”，使用不定式结构作宾语。故填to say。
思维建模 动词不定式短语作宾语满分技巧
1.牢记只接不定式作宾语的动词；
2.动词+it+形容词/名词+to do”结构，it作形式宾语。
知识点2 接to do/doing意义不同的动词
英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。
得分速记 妙记--frogshmt青蛙是聪明的（首字母谐音记忆）
forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。
I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。
I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。
He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。
They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。
Please stop talking. 请停止说话。
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。
She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。
Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
1. returning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”。
2. (2018天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help __________(try) it.
2. to eat; trying
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我并大打算吃东西，但是冰淇淋太好看了我忍不住尝了一口。mean to do表示“打算做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是to eat; trying。
思维建模 动词不定式短语作宾语满分技巧
1.牢记既接不定式又接动名词的含义差别；
2.结合具体语境选择合适的短语。
1. (2002上海)In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour.
1. waiting
解析：考查非谓语动词。mean doing表示“意味着”。句意：在英国一些地方，错过公交意味着再等一小时。故答案是waiting。
2. (2012安徽) I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
2. to close
解析：考查非谓语动词。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做。故答案是to close。
3. (2006湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again.
3. getting
解析：考查非谓语动词。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。
4.(1996上海) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
4. being persuaded
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当购物的时候，人们有时情不自禁的被劝服买他们不真正想要的东西。can’t help doing情不自禁做某事，这里是被劝服，故用being persuaded。故答案是being persuaded。
5. (1990全国) She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.
5. to rest
解析：考查非谓语动词。stop to rest表示“停止（爬山）去休息”，符合语境逻辑。故答案是to rest。
考点三 动词不定式作补足语
知识点1 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补
观感使役类动词接不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上。
得分速记 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉（汉语谐音记忆）
notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel
The children were watched to play in the park.（孩子们被看着在公园里玩耍。
He was made to rewrite the essay.（他被要求重写作文。
知识点2 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补
1.persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。
We expect the plan to be carried out next month.（我们预计这个计划下个月实施。
2.上述结构的否定形式是在不定式前边加not，如tell sb not to do。
The sign warns drivers not to park here. 标识警告司机不要在这里停车。
The teacher told us not to talk during the exam. 老师吩咐我们考试时不要说话。
知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补
1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。
He walked into the office with a report to submit.
他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。
She sat there quietly with a lot of words to say.
她静静地坐在那里，有很多话要说。
2. 上述结构省略介词with构成独立主格结构，不定式用法不变。
The old man sat on the bench, his eyes fixed on the path with a long story to tell.
老人坐在长椅上，目光锁定在小路上，藏着一肚子故事要说。
知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补
1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。
The missing hiker is reported to survive in the forest by eating wild fruits.
据报道，那名失踪的徒步者靠吃野果在森林里活了下来。
She is said to donate half her salary to the orphanage every month.
据说她每月把一半工资捐给孤儿院。
2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。
The team is believed to be developing a new type of energy-saving car.
人们认为这个团队正在研发一种新型节能汽车。
The company is reported to have invested over 10 million in the project.
据报道，这家公司已在该项目上投资超过 1000万。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
1. to be lifted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
2. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __________ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
2. to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
思维建模 动词不定式短语作补足语满分技巧
1.牢记动词接不定式作补足语的动词；
2.结合具体语境判断不定式是主动还是被动。
1．Mobile phones enable us (keep) in touch with our friends at any time, regardless of geographic barriers.
1. to keep
解析：考查不定式。句意：无论地理障碍如何，手机使我们能够随时与朋友保持联系。enable sb. to do sth.这一固定用法，意为“使某人能够做某事”，keep用不定式形式作宾补。故填to keep。
2．Our school appeals to the students (set) aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in rder to raise learning efficiency.
2. to set
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时进行锻炼，以提高学习效率。appeal to sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式 to set 作宾语补足语。故填to set。
3．He was seen (enter) the office building a moment ago.
3. to enter
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：刚才有人看见他进了办公楼。see sb. do sth.用于被动语态时，要还原to，即sb. be seen to do sth.，表示“某人被看到做某事（强调动作全过程）”，动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to enter。
4．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it.
4. to be designing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：Allen被认为目前正在设计一个新的电脑程序，但我们不知道她什么时候完成。sb. be believed to do sth.意为“某人被认为做某事”，为固定句型，不定式作主语补足语。根据at present，此处用动词不定式的进行式，表示正在进行。故答案为to be designing。
5．With plenty of tasks (complete), the office worker felt like a cat on hot bricks.
5. to complete
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：有大量的任务要完成，这位办公室职员感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。“With+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，此处表示将来要完成的动作，应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to complete。
考点四 动词不定式作定语
知识点1 序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语
当序数词（如 first, second, third, last 等）修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。这种结构不定式与被修饰的名词构成“动宾关系”或“主谓关系”，即名词是不定式动作的执行者或承受者。
The last thing to do before leaving is to turn off the lights. 离开前最后一件要做的事是关灯。
He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。
知识点2 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语
形容词最高级（如 the tallest, the most important 等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。这种结构通常表示“最适合做某事”“最值得做某事”或“最有能力做某事” 等含义。
The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。
He is one of the most famous actors to star in this film. 他是出演这部电影的最著名演员之一。
知识点3 effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语
某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来具体说明该名词所指代的“内容”“目的”或“相关动作”。
His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。
His ability to solve complex problems impressed his boss.他解决复杂问题的能力给老板留下了深刻印象。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance 62 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
1. to discover
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。
2.（2025浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
2. to rent
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店铺提供女士时尚服装租赁服务，而非直接出售，为一次性活动着装提供了更经济实惠的解决方案。分析句子结构可知，空白处作定语，应用动词不定式。
1．She realized that one of the great benefits of the phones was its ability (remove) the distance that usually exists between people.
1. to remove
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她意识到手机最大的好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间通常存在的距离。ability后常用动词不定式作定语，表示“……的能力”。故填to remove。
2．The rule says that the last one (leave) the office should remember (close) the windows.
2. to leave, to close
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：规定要求最后一个离开办公室的人应该记得关窗户。当名词或代词被序数词修饰时，其后用不定式作后置定语，第一空代词one被the first修饰，且代词one与leave之间都是主动关系，故用不定式的一般形式，故第一空应该填to leave；第二空同样是一个动词不定式短语，作为remember的宾语，构成remember to do something的结构，意思是“记得去做某事”，所以，to close the windows就是“记得去关窗户”的意思。故填①to leave②to close。
3．However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire (explore) the universe did not die.
3. to explore
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，探索宇宙的愿望并没有消亡。the dseire to do sth.意为“做某事的愿望”，此处是不定式作后置定语，故填to explore。
4．Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea, written and directed by Jiaozi, has earned more than 14.5 billon at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film (achieve) the milestone.
4. to achieve
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：由饺子自编自导的《哪吒2：魔童闹海》票房超过145亿美元，成为第一部达到这一里程碑的中国电影。当名词前有序数词、最高级等修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，对该名词进行修饰和限定。在本句中，“the first Chinese film”被序数词 “first” 修饰，所以后面要用动词不定式 “to achieve”作后置定语，修饰“film”，表示 “第一部达到这个里程碑的中国电影”。故填to achieve。
5．The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
5. to be produced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月要上演的这出戏主要旨在展现当地的文化特色。空处修饰the play，作定语，根据next month可知，用不定式，且the play与produce构成逻辑上的被动关系，用不定式的被动形式作定语。故填to be produced。
考点五 动词不定式作状语
知识点1 动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。
To improve his English, he practices speaking every day. 为了提高英语，他每天练习口语。
In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。
2.易错题型：注意so as to do不能位于句首；不定式逻辑主语和句子主语一致性；不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号；不定式根据语境还可能用否定式或被动式。
We left early so as to avoid the traffic jam. 我们早点出发，为了避开交通堵塞。
He turned down the music so as not to disturb his neighbors. 他调低了音乐，为了不打扰邻居。
The data needs to be organized carefully in order to be analyzed effectively.
这些数据需要仔细整理以便能被有效分析。
知识点2 动词不定式短语作结果状语
不定式（to do）作结果状语时，主要用于表达主句动作所带来的“结果”，通常通过固定结构体现。常见结构包括 too…to…, enough to do, only to do, never to do, so…as to do, such…as to do 等。
She is old enough to make her own decisions. 她年纪足够大，可以自己做决定了。
They searched everywhere, only to discover the key was in their pocket.
他们到处找，结果却发现钥匙在自己口袋里。
He was so angry as to throw the cup on the floor.
他太生气了，以至于把杯子扔在了地上。
She has such a good memory as to remember every detail.
她的记忆力如此好，以至于能记住每个细节。
知识点3 动词不定式用于反射不定式
1. “be +形容词+to do” 结构被称为反射不定式，不定式“主动形式表被动意义” 的特点。形容词描述主语的特征或性质，不定式虽然是主动形式，但主语实际上是不定式动作的承受者。
The math question is difficult to answer. 这道数学题难被解答。
The journey was pleasant to experience. 这次旅行体验起来很愉快。
2. 上述结构可以转化为”It is +形容词+to do”结构。
It is difficult to answer the math question. 这道数学题难被解答。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: 56 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
1. to celebrate
考查非谓语动词。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，作目的状语，与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。2.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2. to give
考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
思维建模 动词不定式短语作状语满分技巧
1.判断不定式作目的状语还是结果状语；
2.结合语境确定不定式是主动还是被动形式。
1．I rushed to the airport, only (inform) that my flight had been cancelled.
1. to be informed
解析：考查非谓语。句意：我匆匆赶到机场，却被告知我的航班已经取消了。分析句子可知，此空考查“only + 不定式”结构作结果状语，表示出乎意料或令人遗憾的结果，且I与inform为被动关系，所以这里应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be informed。
2．I have no alternative but (turn) to you for help.
2. to turn
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我别无选择，只能向你求助。根据“have no alternative but”可知，此处考查固定句型have no alternative/choice but to do sth.，意为“别无选择，只能做某事”，所以空处应用不定式形式，作结果状语，故填to turn。
3．He told his mother he feels honored (have) enjoyed such a long career.
3. to have
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他告诉他的母亲，他很荣幸能享受这么长的职业生涯。分析句子可知，此处为feel(系动词) +形容词+ to do sth“做某事感到怎样的”的固定结构，所以此处为动词不定式形式作状语。故填to have。
4． (launch) this new project, the company has conducted many surveys.
4. To launch
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了启动这个新项目，这家公司已经进行了许多调查。不定式to launch作目的状语。首字母大写。故填To launch。
5． (reach) maturity, the child must pass through the many changes of childhood before stepping into the role of an adult.
5. To reach
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：要达到成熟，孩子必须经历童年的许多变化，然后才能步入成人的角色。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语must pass through，所以reach应用非谓语动词形式；根据语意可知，“实现成熟”是“孩子必须在步入成人角色之前经历童年的许多变化”的目的，所以应用不定式形式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To reach。
考点六 动词不定式作表语
1. 不定式（to do）作表语时，通常位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become, remain 等）之后，用以说明主语的内容、性质、目的、身份或未来的动作。
What I need now is to have a good rest. 我现在需要的是好好休息一下。
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new policy. 这次会议的目的是讨论新政策。
The plan appears to be practical. 这个计划似乎是可行的。
2. 当句子的主语部分含有实义动词 do（包括各种形式：do, does, did, doing, done）时，作表语的不定式（to do）通常可以省略不定式符号 to，直接用动词原形。
What they did last night was (to) watch a movie. 他们昨晚做的就是看电影。
The only thing left to be done is (to) sign the contract. 剩下唯一要做的就是签合同。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2009全国) The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult.
1. not to make。句意"新技术的目的是使我们习惯的生活变得更容易，而不是使它更困难．"，根据语境可知，应用动词不定式的否定形式，在句子中作目的状语．答案是not to make。
2. (2002全国) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it.
2. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。
1．My wish is (admit) into an ideal university after three years.
1. to be admitted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我的愿望是三年后被一所理想大学录取。结合“after three years”可知表示将来的动作，用动词不定式作表语，句中主语是my wish，be动词为is，动词admit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以需要使用不定式的被动式作表语。故填to be admitted。
2．The parents are trying to figure out which of the children is (blame) for the broken window in the living room.
2. to blame
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：父母们正试图弄清楚客厅窗户被打碎是哪一个孩子的过错。which引导的宾语从句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且children与blame“责备”为被动关系，be to blame for意为“对……应负责任；因……而受到责备”，为固定短语，本空用不定式，作表语。故填to blame。
3．In terms of the accident that happened in the laboratory, the professor, rather than his assistant, is (blame).
3. to blame
解析：考查固定短语。句意：关于实验室发生的事故，是教授而不是他的助手应该受到责备。根据“In terms of the accident that happened in the laboratory”可知，此处是指教授应该受到责备，应用固定短语“be to blame”表示“应该受到责备”。故填to blame。
4．The main purpose of the course is (help) improve each student’s reading ability.
4. to help
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：本课程的主要目的是帮助提高每个学生的阅读能力。空处作表语，解释主语purpose的具体内容，应用不定式。故填to help。
5．The aim of the festival is (increase) awareness of traditional Chinese culture.
5. to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个节日的目的是提高人们对中国传统文化的认识。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，主语是aim，其后通常接动词不定式作表语，用来解释或说明主语的具体内容或目的。故填to increase。
考点七 动词不定式省略用法
1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。
They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。
The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。
2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth 何不做某事？
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。
I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。
Would you please turn down the music 请把音乐关小一点好吗？
They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。
3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。
This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。
He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。
【跟踪训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
1. 去掉to
解析：考查非谓语动词。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。
2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2. riding改为to ride
解析：考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride; to ride。
3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
3. 去掉to
解析：考查非谓语动词。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
4. 去掉do
解析：考查非谓语动词。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。
5．The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home.
5. 去掉do
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小女孩除了呆在家里别无他法。动词短语do nothing but do sth.表示“除了做某事什么也不做”，因前面有do，but后的不定式省略to。故填stay。
1.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
1．how
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
2.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice.
2. to continue
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
3.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
3. to have
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
4. (2018浙江) I still remember __________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
4. visiting
解析：考查非谓语动词。remember doing表示“记住做过某事”；remember to do表示“记住去做某事（未做）”。结合语境这里是前者，故答案是visiting。
5. (2015四川)--Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it.
5. to lock
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室之前我记着去关门（未做），但是忘记去关灯了（未关）。故答案是to lock。
6. (2015陕西) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on __________ all the people who had helped in her career.
6. to thank
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，安妮．本尼迪克继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。故答案是to thank。
7.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
7. to do
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
8.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
8. to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
9.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
9. to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
10.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
10. to harm
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
11.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need _______ (invest) in disaster prevention.
11. to invest
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。
12.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
13. to benefit
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
14.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
14.to teach
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
15.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
15. to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
16.（2022新课标II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
16. to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
17.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
17. To strengthen
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
18.（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
18. to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
19.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
19. to plant
解析：考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝 托德 华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
20.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
20. to care
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 动词不定式
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 动词不定式作主语 4
知识点1 不定式直接作主语 4
知识点2 疑问词+不定式”作主语 4
知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 4
考点二 动词不定式作宾语 6
知识点1 只接to do作宾语的动词 8
知识点2 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 8
考点三 动词不定式作补足语 11
知识点1 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补 11
知识点2 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 11
知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补 11
知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 12
考点四 动词不定式作定语 14
知识点1 序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语 14
知识点2 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语 14
知识点3 effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语 14
考点五 动词不定式作状语 16
知识点1 动词不定式短语作目的状语 16
知识点2 动词不定式短语作结果状语 17
知识点3 动词不定式用于反射不定式 17
考点六 动词不定式作表语 19
知识点1 不定式位于系动词之后作表语 19
知识点2 不定式省略符号to作表语 19
考点七 动词不定式省略用法 21
04.真题溯源·考向感知 22
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1动词不定式作主语 （5年2考） 2021全国甲卷—to walk； 2020北京卷---to break 一、考情分析 1.不定式短语作目的状语，多放在句首，后边多用逗号。 2.不定式短语作定语，名词前有形容词或最高级修饰。 3.不定式短语作主语，多用于It takes time to do sth句型。 4.不定式短语作宾语，需要牢记aim, threaten, decide等动词常接不定式作宾语。 5.不定式短语作宾语补足语用于allow, persuade等动词用于“动词+sb to do sth.”。 6.不定式短语作原因状语，多用于“be+形容词+to do”句型。 二、复习目标 1.不定式作状语和定语是高考考查重点； 2.不定式作定语是高考考查难点； 3.注意把握不定式被动式和完成式。
考点2 动词不定式作宾语 （5年6考） 2025全国一卷---to present； 2024全国甲卷—to catch; 2023新课标I卷—to bite; 2022新课标II卷—how to thank; 2022浙江1月卷—plan to continue; 2021全国乙卷—aim to have。
考点3 动词不定式作补足语 （5年3考） 2024新课标II卷—to find; 2023新课标I卷---to be lifted 2022浙江卷—to do。
考点4动词不定式作定语 （5年5考） 2025浙江I月卷---to rent; 2025全国二卷—to discover 2022全国甲卷—to journey; 2022北京卷—to harm; 2022北京卷—to invest。
考点5动词不定式作状语 （5年2考） 2024新课标II卷—to find; 2022浙江卷—to do。
考点6 动词不定式作表语 （5年0考）
考点一 动词不定式作主语
知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语
1. 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。
To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
To finish the task on time requires careful planning. 按时完成任务需要周密计划。
2.【易错提醒】动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。
知识点2 “疑问词+不定式”作主语
1．“疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。
How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。
When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。
2.【易错提醒】“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。
What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。
知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语
1.当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。
It is necessary to exercise regularly. 定期锻炼是必要的。
It takes two hours to get there by bus. 坐公交到那里需要两小时。
2.当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。
It is important for us to protect wild animals. 对我们而言，保护野生动物很重要。
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. 他犯这样的错误，太愚蠢了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
1．It is everyone’s responsibility in this village (keep) our neighbors from harm.
2．It is difficult for the wildlife (adapt) to the climate change.
3．I suppose it never occurred to him (meet) with such a big problem.
4．It’s impossible (foresee) the long-term impact of 3D printing. But the technology is coming, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches.
5．For this person who has committed a serious mistake, it is such a great relief (forgive) by others.
思维建模 动词不定式短语作主语满分技巧
1.了解掌握不定式作主语三种场合；
2.结合特定语境对号入座；
3.判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。
考点二 动词不定式作宾语
知识点1 只接to do作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语，这类动词需要重点记忆。
得分速记 mecarfipshwod美咖啡不是我的（首字母谐音记忆）
manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫，wish希望/want想要，offer主动提出，decide决定/desire想要/determine决心
She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties.
尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。
The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset.
登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。
The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.
妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025全国一卷）We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
2.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ___________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
1．Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult (focus) on other things.
2．Seeing the injured bird, the boy decided (take) it home and nursed it back to health with gentle care.
3．Yesterday, I happened (see) my high school English teacher at the airport while waiting for my flight.
4．My daughter had refused (consider) a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park.
5．When asked for comments, the spokesperson declined (say) anything about the matter.
思维建模 动词不定式短语作宾语满分技巧
1.牢记只接不定式作宾语的动词；
2.动词+it+形容词/名词+to do”结构，it作形式宾语。
知识点2 接to do/doing意义不同的动词
英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。
得分速记 妙记--frogshmt青蛙是聪明的（首字母谐音记忆）
forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。
I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。
I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。
He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。
They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。
Please stop talking. 请停止说话。
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。
She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。
Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
2. (2018天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help __________(try) it.
思维建模 动词不定式短语作宾语满分技巧
1.牢记既接不定式又接动名词的含义差别；
2.结合具体语境选择合适的短语。
1. (2002上海)In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour.
2. (2012安徽) I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
3. (2006湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again.
4.(1996上海) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
5. (1990全国) She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.
考点三 动词不定式作补足语
知识点1 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补
观感使役类动词接不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上。
得分速记 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉（汉语谐音记忆）
notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel
The children were watched to play in the park.（孩子们被看着在公园里玩耍。
He was made to rewrite the essay.（他被要求重写作文。
知识点2 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补
1.persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。
We expect the plan to be carried out next month.（我们预计这个计划下个月实施。
2.上述结构的否定形式是在不定式前边加not，如tell sb not to do。
The sign warns drivers not to park here. 标识警告司机不要在这里停车。
The teacher told us not to talk during the exam. 老师吩咐我们考试时不要说话。
知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补
1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。
He walked into the office with a report to submit.
他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。
She sat there quietly with a lot of words to say.
她静静地坐在那里，有很多话要说。
2. 上述结构省略介词with构成独立主格结构，不定式用法不变。
The old man sat on the bench, his eyes fixed on the path with a long story to tell.
老人坐在长椅上，目光锁定在小路上，藏着一肚子故事要说。
知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补
1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。
The missing hiker is reported to survive in the forest by eating wild fruits.
据报道，那名失踪的徒步者靠吃野果在森林里活了下来。
She is said to donate half her salary to the orphanage every month.
据说她每月把一半工资捐给孤儿院。
2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。
The team is believed to be developing a new type of energy-saving car.
人们认为这个团队正在研发一种新型节能汽车。
The company is reported to have invested over 10 million in the project.
据报道，这家公司已在该项目上投资超过 1000万。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
2. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __________ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
思维建模 动词不定式短语作补足语满分技巧
1.牢记动词接不定式作补足语的动词；
2.结合具体语境判断不定式是主动还是被动。
1．Mobile phones enable us (keep) in touch with our friends at any time, regardless of geographic barriers.
2．Our school appeals to the students (set) aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in rder to raise learning efficiency.
3．He was seen (enter) the office building a moment ago.
4．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it.
5．With plenty of tasks (complete), the office worker felt like a cat on hot bricks.
考点四 动词不定式作定语
知识点1 序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语
当序数词（如 first, second, third, last 等）修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。这种结构不定式与被修饰的名词构成“动宾关系”或“主谓关系”，即名词是不定式动作的执行者或承受者。
The last thing to do before leaving is to turn off the lights. 离开前最后一件要做的事是关灯。
He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。
知识点2 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语
形容词最高级（如 the tallest, the most important 等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。这种结构通常表示“最适合做某事”“最值得做某事”或“最有能力做某事” 等含义。
The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。
He is one of the most famous actors to star in this film. 他是出演这部电影的最著名演员之一。
知识点3 effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语
某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来具体说明该名词所指代的“内容”“目的”或“相关动作”。
His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。
His ability to solve complex problems impressed his boss.他解决复杂问题的能力给老板留下了深刻印象。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance 62 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
2.（2025浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
1．She realized that one of the great benefits of the phones was its ability (remove) the distance that usually exists between people.
2．The rule says that the last one (leave) the office should remember (close) the windows.
3．However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire (explore) the universe did not die.
4．Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea, written and directed by Jiaozi, has earned more than 14.5 billon at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film (achieve) the milestone.
5．The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
考点五 动词不定式作状语
知识点1 动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。
To improve his English, he practices speaking every day. 为了提高英语，他每天练习口语。
In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。
2.易错题型：注意so as to do不能位于句首；不定式逻辑主语和句子主语一致性；不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号；不定式根据语境还可能用否定式或被动式。
We left early so as to avoid the traffic jam. 我们早点出发，为了避开交通堵塞。
He turned down the music so as not to disturb his neighbors. 他调低了音乐，为了不打扰邻居。
The data needs to be organized carefully in order to be analyzed effectively.
这些数据需要仔细整理以便能被有效分析。
知识点2 动词不定式短语作结果状语
不定式（to do）作结果状语时，主要用于表达主句动作所带来的“结果”，通常通过固定结构体现。常见结构包括 too…to…, enough to do, only to do, never to do, so…as to do, such…as to do 等。
She is old enough to make her own decisions. 她年纪足够大，可以自己做决定了。
They searched everywhere, only to discover the key was in their pocket.
他们到处找，结果却发现钥匙在自己口袋里。
He was so angry as to throw the cup on the floor.
他太生气了，以至于把杯子扔在了地上。
She has such a good memory as to remember every detail.
她的记忆力如此好，以至于能记住每个细节。
知识点3 动词不定式用于反射不定式
1. “be +形容词+to do” 结构被称为反射不定式，不定式“主动形式表被动意义” 的特点。形容词描述主语的特征或性质，不定式虽然是主动形式，但主语实际上是不定式动作的承受者。
The math question is difficult to answer. 这道数学题难被解答。
The journey was pleasant to experience. 这次旅行体验起来很愉快。
2. 上述结构可以转化为”It is +形容词+to do”结构。
It is difficult to answer the math question. 这道数学题难被解答。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: 56 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
2.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
思维建模 动词不定式短语作状语满分技巧
1.判断不定式作目的状语还是结果状语；
2.结合语境确定不定式是主动还是被动形式。
1．I rushed to the airport, only (inform) that my flight had been cancelled.
2．I have no alternative but (turn) to you for help.
3．He told his mother he feels honored (have) enjoyed such a long career.
4． (launch) this new project, the company has conducted many surveys.
5． (reach) maturity, the child must pass through the many changes of childhood before stepping into the role of an adult.
考点六 动词不定式作表语
1. 不定式（to do）作表语时，通常位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become, remain 等）之后，用以说明主语的内容、性质、目的、身份或未来的动作。
What I need now is to have a good rest. 我现在需要的是好好休息一下。
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new policy. 这次会议的目的是讨论新政策。
The plan appears to be practical. 这个计划似乎是可行的。
2. 当句子的主语部分含有实义动词 do（包括各种形式：do, does, did, doing, done）时，作表语的不定式（to do）通常可以省略不定式符号 to，直接用动词原形。
What they did last night was (to) watch a movie. 他们昨晚做的就是看电影。
The only thing left to be done is (to) sign the contract. 剩下唯一要做的就是签合同。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2009全国) The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult.
2. (2002全国) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it.
1．My wish is (admit) into an ideal university after three years.
2．The parents are trying to figure out which of the children is (blame) for the broken window in the living room.
3．In terms of the accident that happened in the laboratory, the professor, rather than his assistant, is (blame).
4．The main purpose of the course is (help) improve each student’s reading ability.
5．The aim of the festival is (increase) awareness of traditional Chinese culture.
考点七 动词不定式省略用法
1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。
They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。
The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。
2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth 何不做某事？
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。
I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。
Would you please turn down the music 请把音乐关小一点好吗？
They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。
3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。
This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。
He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。
【跟踪训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
5．The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home.
1.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
2.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice.
3.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
4. (2018浙江) I still remember __________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
5. (2015四川)--Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it.
6. (2015陕西) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on __________ all the people who had helped in her career.
7.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
8.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
9.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
10.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
11.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need _______ (invest) in disaster prevention.
12.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
14.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
15.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
16.（2022新课标II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
17.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
18.（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
19.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
20.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
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