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专题13 动词时态语态1（现在时） (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
一般现在时典型用法
【知能解读02】
现在进行时典型用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】现在完成时典型用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】现在完成进行时典型用法
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展】利用“四看”巧解动词时态语态题
)
01 一般现在时典型用法
一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态之一，主要用于表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，以及客观事实、真理等。
1. 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如 always总是、usually通常、often经常、sometimes有时、every week每周。
She brushes her teeth every morning.
她每天早上刷牙。
My father reads newspapers after dinner usually.
我爸爸通常晚饭后看报纸。
2. 一般现在时表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然规律。
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
She won’t go to bed until her brother comes back.
直到哥哥回来，她才会睡觉。
4. 一般现在时表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语。
Flight CA185 takes off every Friday at 10:15 from Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.
CA185 航班每周五 10:15 从广州白云机场起飞。
The train leaves Beijing at 9:30 a.m. and arrives in Shanghai at 7:00 p.m.
这列火车上午 9:30 离开北京，晚上 7:00 抵达上海。
5. 一般现在时用于文章标题、图片说明、影评、剧评及场景解说等场合。
The hero opens the door and enters the room quietly.
主角打开门，悄悄走进房间。
Messi runs with the ball, passes it to his teammate, and the teammate scores!
梅西带球奔跑，传给队友，队友进球了！
6. 以here/there开头引导的倒装句用一般现在时，表示正在发生的动作/状态。
Here comes the bus! Let’s hurry.
公交车来了！咱们快点。
Look! There flies a bird across the sky.
看！一只鸟正从天上飞过。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．On Monday mornings, it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
2．As a rational person, of course, one always (have) a reason to act on the strength of some reasons.
3．With more knowledge (come) a deeper, more wonderful mystery.
4．It will be a long time before he (recover) from his present troubles.
5．What (puzzle) Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
02 现在进行时典型用法
1.现在进行时可以表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，有标志性词汇now, currently, look, listen等。
She is cooking dinner at the moment.
她此刻正在做晚饭。
Look! The children are playing football in the park.
看！孩子们正在公园里踢足球。
2.现在进行时可用来描述当前一段时间内正在进行，但说话瞬间未必正在进行的动作。这类用法常与表示 “一段持续时间” 的状语连用。标志性词汇有these days , this week等。
My father is working on a new project this month.
我爸爸这个月在做一个新项目。
He is not playing video games these days. He’s busy with exams.
这些天他没在玩电子游戏，他在忙着考试。
3. leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。
My parents are coming to visit next weekend.
我父母下周末要来拜访。
We are meeting our clients at the office tomorrow.
我们明天要在办公室见客户。
4. 频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与现在进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递强烈的感彩，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。
He is always losing his keys. It’s so annoying!
他总是弄丢钥匙，太烦人了！
The car is continually breaking down—we need to buy a new one.
这辆车老是出故障，我们得买辆新的了。
5.易错提醒：always, constantly等频度副词即可与一般现在时连用，有能与现在进行时连用，注意把握含义。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The teacher together with the students (discuss) Reading Skills now, which (publish) in America last year.
2．Caring for the environment is becoming more and more important, because the earth’s natural resources __________(run) out.
3．There is my mother’s picture. Look! My mother_________ (cook). She often cooks delicious meals for my family.
4．We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins. We (arrive) at 9:30 a. m. and will start sightseeing right away, so I hope we sleep well on the train!
5．The water supply has been cut off now because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes.
01 现在完成时典型用法
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have known him since we were children.
我从小就认识他。
So far, they have won three games.
到目前为止，他们赢了三场比赛。
2.现在完成时常见副词标志：recently/lately最近already已经。
We have already visited that museum twice.
我们已经去过那个博物馆两次了。
They haven’t contacted me recently.他们最近没联系过我。
3.现在完成时常见短语标志：so far/up to now/up till now/do date到目前为止；for 20 years二十年；since 2023自从2023年以来；in/over the past five weeks在过去五周内。
To date, the project has cost more than we expected.
到目前为止，这个项目的花费超出了我们的预期。
Over the past five weeks, she has read 10 books.
在过去五周内，她读了 10 本书。
4.现在完成时常见句型标志：It is the first time that….; It has been….since ….; the +最高级+名词+that从句。
It is the first time that she has eaten Sichuan hotpot.
这是她第一次吃四川火锅。
It has been a month since she moved to New York.
自从她搬到纽约已经一个月了。
That is the worst storm that we have experienced in years.
那是我们多年来经历过的最严重的暴风雨。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __________ (increase) sharply.
2．In recent years, many big cities (give) up the custom of lighting firecrackers on the Spring Festival to avoid air pollution.
3．It’s the first time that the most active volcano in the world, Mauna Loa in Hawaii, (erupt) in almost 40 years.
4．Since 1984, dozens of countries and regions from all over the world (join) in the festival.
5．Over the past few years, more and more middle-class families (attach) great importance to a high quality education.
01 现在完成进行时典型用法
1.现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
She has lived in London for 5 years.
她在伦敦住了 5 年，强调 “住” 的状态持续到现在，可能继续住。
She has been living in London for 5 years.
她在伦敦住了 5 年，强调 “一直在住” 的过程，更突出持续性。
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较
现在完成进行时 现在完成时 示例
表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 Have you been meeting him recently 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently 你最近见到过他吗？
含有感彩 一般是平铺直叙 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明事实）
强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 Who has been eating the oranges 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．This organic farm (produce) fine Italian olive oil since 1917. It will provide more high-quality olive oil in the future.
2．Chinese researchers (experiment) with hydroponics since the 1970s and will continue to do so.
3．Mary (work) really hard on her book for three days and thinks she will have finished it by Friday.
4．We (grow) a lot of vegetables in the garden since last spring, which provides fresh produce for our family.
5．China’s high-speed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres over the past few years.
利用“四看”巧解动词时态语态题
一看时间状语, 按图索骥，对号入座。
时间状语类型 对应时态 示例标志词
经常性、习惯性动作 一般现在时 often, usually, every day
过去某一具体时间 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2020
将来某一时间 一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in + 将来时间
过去某时正在进行 过去进行时 at 8 last night, when + 过去时
从过去持续到现在 现在完成时 since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently
过去的过去 过去完成时 by + 过去时间，before + 过去时
例题 1：We ______ (have) a meeting every Monday morning.
时间状语 “every Monday morning”表示 “经常性动作”→ 一般现在时。
答案：have
例题 2：By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) 3000 English words.
时间状语 “by the end of last term”（到上学期末）表示 “过去的过去”→ 过去完成时。
答案：had learned
二看整个固定句型, 依据其特定用法作答。
在动词时态语态题中，许多固定句型有其特定的时态搭配规则，掌握这些 “固定句型的特定用法” 能快速锁定答案。
例题 1：It is the third time that she ______ (win) the prize.
主句为 “it is”→ 从句用现在完成时。
答案：has won
例题 2：It was the first time that we ______ (travel) abroad.
主句为 “it was”→ 从句用过去完成时。
答案：had traveled
例题 3：No sooner ______ (she finish) the report than the boss asked for it.
否定词 “no sooner” 位于句首，主句倒装；动作“finish”在“asked”之前→过去完成时倒装。
答案：had she finished
三看主从句时态照应, 依据其用法作答。
1. 主句谓语动词是现在或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。
I'll tell you what I will be doing at 8 o'clock tomorrow. 我会告诉你明天8点我将在做什么。
2. 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词需用相应的过去时态。
She told me that she was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. 她告诉我她昨晚8点在看电视。
3. 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句表示客观真理时其时态不用改变。
Our physics teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 我们的物理老师说光比声音传播得快。
四看特定语境照应, 依据其用法作答。
语法填空科技类多用一般现在时，故事经历类多用一般过去时。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．In the past few years, online learning (become) a significant part of the university and college experience.
2．I (intend) to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.
3．Hardly the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.
4．It is the first time that I (participate) in the voluntary activity themed Traditional Chinese Culture.
5．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
(
动词时态语态(1)
综合能力提升
)
一、单项填空（高考真题）
1. (2025全国一卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
2.（2025浙江1月卷）The concept (be) certainly not new – men have been renting good suits for decades – but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
3.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
4.（2025北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
5.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
6.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
7.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
8.（2021北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
9.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
10.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
二、现在时态与语法填空
（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hidden among 1 (tower) trees in Shuikou village, Xu Dan’s homestay attracts an uninterrupted flow of urban residents seeking calmness and tradition.
At the main courtyard of her rural house in Changxing county of Huzhou city in East China’s Zhejiang province, lies a peaceful pool so clear 2 it looks like a mirror of the sky, 3 a small wooden boat gently drifting. Arched stone bridges span the water to link scattered courtyards and winding paths that meander through small artificial mountains, each rock carefully 4 (place) to echo the harmony of classic Chinese gardens.
Tea artisans in flowing robes perform age-old rituals — steeping, pouring, and presenting the tea with graceful movements. Guests 5 (welcome) not only with warmth but also a ceremonial tea treat: three flavors, each filled with special meaning. “The sweet tea, crafted from 6 (fragrance) guihua blossoms and delicate mandarin slices, symbolizes an abundant and joyful life. The salty tea is a mix of smoked beans, dried carrots, sesame seeds, orange peel, and crushed tea leaves that 7 (honor) the hard work of harvest and the earthy 8 (rich).” Xu says as she warmly welcomes guests in late April.
Finally, the plain tea, simple and pure, lingers with 9 fresh aftertaste that reminds people of the essence of true friendship — like plain tea, friendship should be honest and genuine, cherished deeply for 10 it is, she explains.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题13 动词时态语态1（现在时） (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
一般现在时典型用法
【知能解读02】
现在进行时典型用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】现在完成时典型用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】现在完成进行时典型用法
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展】利用“四看”巧解动词时态语态题
)
01 一般现在时典型用法
一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态之一，主要用于表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，以及客观事实、真理等。
1. 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如 always总是、usually通常、often经常、sometimes有时、every week每周。
She brushes her teeth every morning.
她每天早上刷牙。
My father reads newspapers after dinner usually.
我爸爸通常晚饭后看报纸。
2. 一般现在时表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然规律。
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
She won’t go to bed until her brother comes back.
直到哥哥回来，她才会睡觉。
4. 一般现在时表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语。
Flight CA185 takes off every Friday at 10:15 from Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.
CA185 航班每周五 10:15 从广州白云机场起飞。
The train leaves Beijing at 9:30 a.m. and arrives in Shanghai at 7:00 p.m.
这列火车上午 9:30 离开北京，晚上 7:00 抵达上海。
5. 一般现在时用于文章标题、图片说明、影评、剧评及场景解说等场合。
The hero opens the door and enters the room quietly.
主角打开门，悄悄走进房间。
Messi runs with the ball, passes it to his teammate, and the teammate scores!
梅西带球奔跑，传给队友，队友进球了！
6. 以here/there开头引导的倒装句用一般现在时，表示正在发生的动作/状态。
Here comes the bus! Let’s hurry.
公交车来了！咱们快点。
Look! There flies a bird across the sky.
看！一只鸟正从天上飞过。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．On Monday mornings, it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
1．takes
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在周一早上，开车去上班通常会花费我一个小时的时间，尽管实际的距离只有20英里。根据句意及句中usually可知，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，句子主语为it，第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
2．As a rational person, of course, one always (have) a reason to act on the strength of some reasons.
2．has
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为一个理性的人，当然，一个人总是有理由根据一些理由采取行动。设空处缺少句子的谓语，根据always可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语one为第三人称单数，谓语动词have应用第三人称单数形式has。故填has。
3．With more knowledge (come) a deeper, more wonderful mystery.
3．comes
解析：考查时态。句意：随着知识的增多，随之而来的是一种更为深刻、更为奇妙的奥秘。本句中介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装结构，主语为a deeper, more wonderful mystery，句子陈述事实，使用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
4．It will be a long time before he (recover) from his present troubles.
4．recovers
解析：考查动词时态。句意：他要过很长时间才能从目前的困境中恢复过来。句中包含句型“it will be + 一段时间 + before...”的句型，表示“要过一段时间才……”。在这个句型中遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句是一般将来时（It will be... ），before引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。主语he是第三人称单数，recover用第三人称单数形式recovers。故填recovers。
5．What (puzzle) Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
5．puzzles
解析：考查动词时态。句意：莉莉的朋友们不解的是她为什么总有那么多疯狂的想法。空处为主语从句的谓语，what作从句的主语，看作第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填puzzles。
02 现在进行时典型用法
1.现在进行时可以表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，有标志性词汇now, currently, look, listen等。
She is cooking dinner at the moment.
她此刻正在做晚饭。
Look! The children are playing football in the park.
看！孩子们正在公园里踢足球。
2.现在进行时可用来描述当前一段时间内正在进行，但说话瞬间未必正在进行的动作。这类用法常与表示 “一段持续时间” 的状语连用。标志性词汇有these days , this week等。
My father is working on a new project this month.
我爸爸这个月在做一个新项目。
He is not playing video games these days. He’s busy with exams.
这些天他没在玩电子游戏，他在忙着考试。
3. leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。
My parents are coming to visit next weekend.
我父母下周末要来拜访。
We are meeting our clients at the office tomorrow.
我们明天要在办公室见客户。
4. 频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与现在进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递强烈的感彩，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。
He is always losing his keys. It’s so annoying!
他总是弄丢钥匙，太烦人了！
The car is continually breaking down—we need to buy a new one.
这辆车老是出故障，我们得买辆新的了。
5.易错提醒：always, constantly等频度副词即可与一般现在时连用，有能与现在进行时连用，注意把握含义。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The teacher together with the students (discuss) Reading Skills now, which (publish) in America last year.
1．is discussing, was published
解析：考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：老师和学生们正在讨论去年在美国出版的《阅读技巧》。由now可知，第一空所在句子用现在进行时，together with连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语，即The teacher来确定，The teacher是单数，因此第一空是is discussing，由last year可知，第二空所在句子描述过去的事情，which指代先行词Reading Skills这本书，书是被出版，因此第二空用一般过去时的被动语态，which指代的先行词Reading Skills是一本书，因此第二空是was published。故填is discussing，was published。
2．Caring for the environment is becoming more and more important, because the earth’s natural resources __________(run) out.
2．are running
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：关心环境变得越来越重要，因为地球的自然资源就要耗尽了。由“the earth’s natural resources”可知，句子表示“关心环境变得越来越重要，因为地球的自然资源就要耗尽了”，run out用现在进行时表示将来，主语resources是复数，因此空格处是are running。
3．There is my mother’s picture. Look! My mother_________ (cook). She often cooks delicious meals for my family.
3．is cooking
解析：考查时态。句意：那是我妈妈的照片。看！我妈妈正在做饭。她经常为我的家人烹饪美味的饭菜。设空处作谓语，My mother作主语；由Look可知，本句表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作，用现在进行时，My mother是第三人称单数，故填is cooking。
4．We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins. We (arrive) at 9:30 a. m. and will start sightseeing right away, so I hope we sleep well on the train!
4．are arriving
解析：考查现在进行时。句意：我们要乘火车，在十月假期开始的前一天出发。我们早上9:30到达，马上就开始观光，所以我希望我们在火车上睡个好觉！arrive是表示位置转移的动词，此处使用现在进行时表将来，主语We表示复数意义，be动词使用are，故填are arriving。
5．The water supply has been cut off now because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes.
5．are repairing
解析：考查动词时态。句意：现在供水已经被切断了，因为工人们正在修理其中一条主管道。根据前半句“The water supply has been cut off now”可知现在供水已经切断，原因是工人们正在做某事，这里描述的是现在正在进行的动作，所以要用现在进行时，其结构为“be + 现在分词”，主语the workers是复数，故填 are repairing。
01 现在完成时典型用法
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have known him since we were children.
我从小就认识他。
So far, they have won three games.
到目前为止，他们赢了三场比赛。
2.现在完成时常见副词标志：recently/lately最近already已经。
We have already visited that museum twice.
我们已经去过那个博物馆两次了。
They haven’t contacted me recently.他们最近没联系过我。
3.现在完成时常见短语标志：so far/up to now/up till now/do date到目前为止；for 20 years二十年；since 2023自从2023年以来；in/over the past five weeks在过去五周内。
To date, the project has cost more than we expected.
到目前为止，这个项目的花费超出了我们的预期。
Over the past five weeks, she has read 10 books.
在过去五周内，她读了 10 本书。
4.现在完成时常见句型标志：It is the first time that….; It has been….since ….; the +最高级+名词+that从句。
It is the first time that she has eaten Sichuan hotpot.
这是她第一次吃四川火锅。
It has been a month since she moved to New York.
自从她搬到纽约已经一个月了。
That is the worst storm that we have experienced in years.
那是我们多年来经历过的最严重的暴风雨。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __________ (increase) sharply.
1．has increased
解析：考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，参加健身计划的人数急剧增加。根据时间状语“During the last three decades”可知，句子用现在完成时，“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has increased。
2．In recent years, many big cities (give) up the custom of lighting firecrackers on the Spring Festival to avoid air pollution.
2．have given
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：近年来，许多大城市已不再在春节期间燃放鞭炮，以避免造成空气污染。分析句式结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，动词give与其主语many big cities之间为主动关系；再根据时间状语In recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语many big cities是复数，所以助动词用have。故答案为have given。
3．It’s the first time that the most active volcano in the world, Mauna Loa in Hawaii, (erupt) in almost 40 years.
3．has erupted
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是近40年来，世界上最活跃的火山夏威夷的莫纳罗亚火山首次喷发。It is the first time that...是固定句型，意为“这是第一次……”，that从句中要用现在完成时，主语Mauna Loa是单数，助动词用has。故填has erupted。
4．Since 1984, dozens of countries and regions from all over the world (join) in the festival.
4．have joined
解析：考查时态。句意：自1984年以来，世界各地的数十个国家和地区都参加了这个节日活动。根据上文Since 1984可知 从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作，用现在完成时，主语为dozens of countries and regions，助动词用have。故填have joined。
5．Over the past few years, more and more middle-class families (attach) great importance to a high quality education.
5．have attached/have been attaching
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，越来越多的中产阶级家庭非常重视高质量的教育。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“Over the past few years”可知，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语families为复数，助动词用have。故填have attached/have been attaching。
01 现在完成进行时典型用法
1.现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
She has lived in London for 5 years.
她在伦敦住了 5 年，强调 “住” 的状态持续到现在，可能继续住。
She has been living in London for 5 years.
她在伦敦住了 5 年，强调 “一直在住” 的过程，更突出持续性。
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较
现在完成进行时 现在完成时 示例
表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 Have you been meeting him recently 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently 你最近见到过他吗？
含有感彩 一般是平铺直叙 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明事实）
强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 Who has been eating the oranges 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．This organic farm (produce) fine Italian olive oil since 1917. It will provide more high-quality olive oil in the future.
1．has been producing
解析：考查现在完成进行时。句意：自1917年以来，这个有机农场一直在生产优质的意大利橄榄油。未来它将提供更多高品质的橄榄油。结合句中since 1917（自1917年以来）和It will provide可知，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时，结构为have/has been + 现在分词，主语farm是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been producing。
2．Chinese researchers (experiment) with hydroponics since the 1970s and will continue to do so.
2．have been experimenting
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，中国研究人员一直在进行水培试验，并将继续这样做。由“since the 1970s and will continue to do so”可知，句子时态用现在完成进行时，表示从过去到现在一直进行，且有可能会继续下去的动作，主语Chinese researchers是复数，因此空格处是have been experimenting。故填have been experimenting。
3．Mary (work) really hard on her book for three days and thinks she will have finished it by Friday.
3．has been working
解析：考查现在完成进行时。句意：玛丽三天来一直在努力写她的书，她认为她将在星期五之前完成。结合“for three days and thinks she will have finished it by Friday”可知，此处描述从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能会继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语Mary表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故填has been working。
4．We (grow) a lot of vegetables in the garden since last spring, which provides fresh produce for our family.
4．have grown
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自去年春天以来，我们在花园里种了很多蔬菜，这为我们家提供了新鲜的农产品。since last spring是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为have/has +过去分词，主语We是复数，所以用have grown。故填have grown。
5．China’s high-speed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres over the past few years.
5．have grown
解析：考查时态。句意：过去几年，中国高铁里程已从9000公里增至25000公里。由“over the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，描述从过去到现在已经完成的事，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have grown。
利用“四看”巧解动词时态语态题
一看时间状语, 按图索骥，对号入座。
时间状语类型 对应时态 示例标志词
经常性、习惯性动作 一般现在时 often, usually, every day
过去某一具体时间 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2020
将来某一时间 一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in + 将来时间
过去某时正在进行 过去进行时 at 8 last night, when + 过去时
从过去持续到现在 现在完成时 since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently
过去的过去 过去完成时 by + 过去时间，before + 过去时
例题 1：We ______ (have) a meeting every Monday morning.
时间状语 “every Monday morning”表示 “经常性动作”→ 一般现在时。
答案：have
例题 2：By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) 3000 English words.
时间状语 “by the end of last term”（到上学期末）表示 “过去的过去”→ 过去完成时。
答案：had learned
二看整个固定句型, 依据其特定用法作答。
在动词时态语态题中，许多固定句型有其特定的时态搭配规则，掌握这些 “固定句型的特定用法” 能快速锁定答案。
例题 1：It is the third time that she ______ (win) the prize.
主句为 “it is”→ 从句用现在完成时。
答案：has won
例题 2：It was the first time that we ______ (travel) abroad.
主句为 “it was”→ 从句用过去完成时。
答案：had traveled
例题 3：No sooner ______ (she finish) the report than the boss asked for it.
否定词 “no sooner” 位于句首，主句倒装；动作“finish”在“asked”之前→过去完成时倒装。
答案：had she finished
三看主从句时态照应, 依据其用法作答。
1. 主句谓语动词是现在或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。
I'll tell you what I will be doing at 8 o'clock tomorrow. 我会告诉你明天8点我将在做什么。
2. 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词需用相应的过去时态。
She told me that she was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. 她告诉我她昨晚8点在看电视。
3. 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句表示客观真理时其时态不用改变。
Our physics teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 我们的物理老师说光比声音传播得快。
四看特定语境照应, 依据其用法作答。
语法填空科技类多用一般现在时，故事经历类多用一般过去时。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．In the past few years, online learning (become) a significant part of the university and college experience.
1．has become
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学和学院体验中一个重要的部分。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语online learning是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
2．I (intend) to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.
2．had intended
解析：考查动词时态。句意：我本来打算去拜访你的，但被阻止了。根据句意以及“but was prevented from doing so”可知，此处描述的是过去某个时间点之前已经计划好的事情，但后来被阻止了，没有实现，所以应用过去完成时来表示“过去的过去”这一时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。故填had intended。
3．Hardly the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.
3．had
解析：考查动词时态。句意：警察一接到报警电话就赶到了现场。这里用了hardly… when…句型，表示“一……就……”，“警察接到报警电话”发生在“赶到现场”之前，主句时态应用过去完成时，且hardly置于句首，句子部分倒装，had放在主语the police之前。故填had。
4．It is the first time that I (participate) in the voluntary activity themed Traditional Chinese Culture.
4．have participated
解析：考查时态。句意：这是我第一次参加以中国传统文化为主题的志愿活动。It is the first time that...句型中，从句通常用现在完成时。故填have participated。
5．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
5．has been
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他是学生中唯一一个获得三年奖学金的人。先行词为the only one，关系代词代替先行词在从句中做主语，所以谓语动词应该用单数。再根据时间状语for three years可知应该用现在完成时，故填has been。
(
动词时态语态(1)
综合能力提升
)
一、单项填空（高考真题）
1. (2025全国一卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
1. are revealed
解析：考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
2.（2025浙江1月卷）The concept (be) certainly not new – men have been renting good suits for decades – but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
2. is
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由but后的并列分句可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，且主语The concept为单数，故填is。
3.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
3. walks
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
4.（2025北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
4. are achieved
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
5.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
5. have started
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
6.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
6. has established
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
7.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
7. has increased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
8.（2021北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
8. has been
解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
9.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
9. has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
10.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
10. has increased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
二、现在时态与语法填空
（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hidden among 1 (tower) trees in Shuikou village, Xu Dan’s homestay attracts an uninterrupted flow of urban residents seeking calmness and tradition.
At the main courtyard of her rural house in Changxing county of Huzhou city in East China’s Zhejiang province, lies a peaceful pool so clear 2 it looks like a mirror of the sky, 3 a small wooden boat gently drifting. Arched stone bridges span the water to link scattered courtyards and winding paths that meander through small artificial mountains, each rock carefully 4 (place) to echo the harmony of classic Chinese gardens.
Tea artisans in flowing robes perform age-old rituals — steeping, pouring, and presenting the tea with graceful movements. Guests 5 (welcome) not only with warmth but also a ceremonial tea treat: three flavors, each filled with special meaning. “The sweet tea, crafted from 6 (fragrance) guihua blossoms and delicate mandarin slices, symbolizes an abundant and joyful life. The salty tea is a mix of smoked beans, dried carrots, sesame seeds, orange peel, and crushed tea leaves that 7 (honor) the hard work of harvest and the earthy 8 (rich).” Xu says as she warmly welcomes guests in late April.
Finally, the plain tea, simple and pure, lingers with 9 fresh aftertaste that reminds people of the essence of true friendship — like plain tea, friendship should be honest and genuine, cherished deeply for 10 it is, she explains.
【答案】1．towering 2．that 3．with 4．placed 5．are welcomed 6．fragrant 7．honors 8．richness 9．a 10．what
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了徐丹在水口村开的民宿，详细描述了民宿的环境、茶艺表演以及提供的特色茶饮。
1．考查形容词。句意：徐丹的民宿隐藏在水口村的高大树木之间，吸引着源源不断的城市居民前来寻求宁静与传统。trees为名词，前应用tower的形容词形式towering“高耸的”作定语。故填towering。
2．考查状语从句。句意：在她位于中国东部浙江省湖州市长兴县农村房屋的主庭院里，有一个宁静的池塘，清澈见底，看起来就像一面天空的镜子，一艘小木船缓缓漂过。so...that...“如此……以至于……”为固定句型，引导结果状语从句。故填that。
3．考查with复合结构。句意：在她位于中国东部浙江省湖州市长兴县农村房屋的主庭院里，有一个宁静的池塘，清澈见底，看起来就像一面天空的镜子，一艘小木船缓缓漂过。此处为with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，a small wooden boat为宾语，drifting为现在分词作宾补。故填with。
4．考查独立主格结构。句意：拱形的石桥横跨水面，连接着分散的庭院和蜿蜒的小路，这些小路穿过小的人工山，每块石头都经过精心摆放，以呼应中国古典园林的和谐。此处为独立主格结构，each rock为逻辑主语，与place之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填placed。
5．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：客人们不仅受到热情的欢迎，还能享受到仪式化的茶饮：三种口味，每种都蕴含着特殊的意义。主语guests与welcome之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词应用are。故填are welcomed。
6．考查形容词。句意：用芳香的桂花和精致的柑橘片制成的甜茶，象征着丰富而快乐的生活。此处应用fragrance的形容词形式fragrant“芳香的”作定语来修饰后面的名词guihua blossoms。故填fragrant。
7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种咸茶是由熏制豆子、干胡萝卜、芝麻、橘子皮以及碾碎的茶叶混合而成的，它体现了收获时节的辛勤劳动以及大地的质朴丰饶。that引导定语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，句子描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语that指代先行词a mix of smoked beans, dried carrots, sesame seeds, orange peel, and crushed tea leaves ，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填honors。
8．考查名词。句意：这种咸茶是由熏制豆子、干胡萝卜、芝麻、橘子皮以及碾碎的茶叶混合而成的，它体现了收获时节的辛勤劳动以及大地的质朴丰饶。作动词的宾语，应用名词richness。不可数。故填richness。
9．考查冠词。句意：最后，这种朴实无华的茶，简单而纯净，留下的余味清新爽口，让人联想到真正友谊的真谛——就像这种茶一样，友谊应当是真诚而纯粹的，应当被深深珍视，珍惜其本身的价值，她这样解释道。此处aftertaste为泛指，且fresh是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：最后，这种朴实无华的茶，简单而纯净，留下的余味清新爽口，让人联想到真正友谊的真谛——就像这种茶一样，友谊应当是真诚而纯粹的，应当被深深珍视，珍惜其本身的价值，她这样解释道。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，指物，故用连接词what。故填what。
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