资源简介 第01讲 语法填空——有提示词的填空目录01 考情解码·命题预警 202 体系构建·思维可视 403 核心突破·靶向攻坚 5考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 5知识点1 动词的时态 5知识点2 动词的语态 6知识点3 主谓一致 6考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 7考向2 考查固定句型中的时态 8考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题 8【思维建模】利用平行关系解决时态问题考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词 11知识点1 非谓语动词作状语 11知识点2 非谓语动词作定语 12知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语 13考向1 非谓语动词作状语 13【思维建模】非谓语动词作状语考向2 非谓语动词作定语 15【思维建模】不定式作定语 过去分词作定语考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补 17【思维建模】不定式作宾语补足语考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词 21考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换 24知识点1 名词复数 24知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换 26考向1 考查名词复数 27【思维建模】判断名词复数方法考向3考查提示词是名词的词形转换 29考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换 30知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化 30知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级 31考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 36考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式 39考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用 40知识点 有提示词的语法填空重难点突破 40考向 考查有提示词的语法填空 4104真题溯源·考向感知 43语法填空之有提示词填空年份 卷别 词数 有提示词 无提示词谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词2025年1月 浙江卷 226 1 2 3 1 1 1 12024 新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 22023 新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 12022 新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 考情分析: 1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流,国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。 2.从命题思路上看: (1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中; (2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式; (3)形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。 (4)名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换 (5)代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。 预计2026年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点,名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。 复习过程中熟记词形转换的词,熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义,掌握谓语动词的时态形式和意义。复习目标: 1.熟记各种词形转换的单词。 2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。 3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。 4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致知识点1 动词的时态一、确定作谓语分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。二、确定时态1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词时态 时间状语一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等2.根据具并列关系:考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。3.根据常用句式定时态:(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。知识点2 动词的语态确定语态1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。2.主动表被动(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;知识点3 主谓一致得分速记确定“主谓一致”项目 主语 谓语动词语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致 意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态例1 (2025年1月浙江高考)The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。例2(2022 新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.【答案】 were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。【变式训练1·变载体】(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).【答案】have started【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。【变式训练2】(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】wished 【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。【环境保护】【变式训练3】(2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模)Since 2024, Xinjiang 64 (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap. Alongside the green belt, efforts have been made to promote the development of sand industries to benefit local residents.【答案】has taken【解析】考查时态。句意:自2024年以来,新疆已采取有针对性的科学措施来填补这一空白。take measures“采取措施”。根据上文Since 2024,take这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子时态应用现在完成时,又因主语Xinjiang是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has。故填has taken。考向2 考查固定句型中的时态例1 (2022·新课标II卷)Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.【答案】was fixing【解析】句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,这是“was/were doing…when…”句型,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。例2(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。【变式训练1·变考法】(2025·陕西省高三月考)Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she (be) away from home for such a long time.【答案】has been【解析】考查固定句型。句意:莉莉很想念她的父母,因为这是她第一次离开家这么长时间。it/this is the first/second...time that+从句,表示“第一/二……次做某事”,主句用is,从句用现在完成时,从句主语是she,助动词应用has,故填has been。【变式训练2】I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.【答案】was searching【解析】考查时态。句意:我正在网上搜索相关信息时,手机响了。分析句子可知,此空应填谓语动词,再根据句意和when my cellphone rang可知,这里谓语动词用过去进行时,表示过去正在发生的动作,be doing sth. when...表“正在做某事,正在那时……”,为固定句型。故填was searching。考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题例(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。【变式训练·变载体】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.【答案】threw【解析】考查时态。句意:他迅速地把工具扔到一边,开始跑起来,双臂张开。分析句子结构可知,该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知,需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致,用一般过去时。考向4 考查利用语境解决时态问题例1(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.【答案】walks【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。例2(2022·浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.【答案】noticed【解析】考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多 达 芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。考向5 考查动词的语态例1(2021·浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.【答案】is considered【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析,前面有and连接,所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的,BMI属于专有名词,用谓语is considered 即可。例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.【答案】was built【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。思维建模 确定谓语动词语态的关键确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。【文化遗产与中外文化结合】【变式训练】His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press by 400 years, 58 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history.【答案】was recognized【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:毕昇的泥字印刷系统比德国印刷商约翰内斯·古腾堡的金属印刷机早400年,被公认为人类历史上最早有记录的活字印刷术。主语Bi Sheng’s clay-type system与谓语动词recognize为被动关系,且描述过去的历史事实,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数。故填was recognized。考向6 考查主谓一致例(2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模)As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.【答案】has been associated【解析】考查动词语态。句意:蛇,作为中国十二生肖中第六个动物,在历史上一直与智慧、直觉和变革联系在一起。根据over history可知,associate“联系”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,本句时态用现在完成时,且主语The Snake与associate为被动关系,句子用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been associated。【环境保护】【变式训练1】(2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模)This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community as a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 58 (respond) to the challenges of climate change.【答案】responds【解析】考查时态。句意:该项目受到国际社会的密切关注,被视为一条绿色“长城”,有助于解决荒漠化问题,大大提高了全球森林覆盖率,并应对气候变化的挑战。that引导的定语从句中,本空与helps和contributes并列作谓语,时态用一般现在时,主语为This project,谓语用respond“作出反应”的第三人称单数形式。故填responds。【传统文化】【变式训练2】(2025·山东省德州市高三三模)Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom 36 (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴).【答案】were driven【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:2024年,北京独特的文化身份吸引了创纪录的游客数量,达到新高度,其中大多数人部分是由其新列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产的中轴线所吸引来的。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,主语为most of whom,为复数,与drive之间为被动关系,且根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填were driven。考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词确定作非谓语分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。知识点1 非谓语动词作状语1.寻找线索(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。2.解题指导(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。知识点2 非谓语动词作定语1.寻找线索(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。2.解题指导(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。知识点3 非谓语动词作表语1.寻找线索非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。2.解题指导(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语1.寻找线索动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:得分速记(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。2.解题指导(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。知识点5 非谓语动词作主语1.寻找线索主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。2.解题指导(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语1.寻找线索动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。得分速记(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。(3)with复合结构①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。2.解题指导(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语例1 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子开放给温室内部的植物阳光和新鲜空气。分析结构可知,本句已有谓语opens,空格应是非谓语动词,根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。故填to give。例2 (2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.【答案】Recalling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。思维建模 非谓语动词作状语1.找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。【变式训练1·变载体】(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.【答案】 to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。【变式训练2】(2025·山东省德州市高三三模)The Beijing Central Axis, stretching 7.8 kilometers from the Yongding Gate in the south to the Drum and Bell Towers in the north, was constructed based on ancient architectural philosophies 40 (shape) and define an ideal layout for a capital city then.【答案】to shape【解析】考查不定式。句意:北京中轴线从南端的永定门延伸到北端的钟鼓楼,全长7.8公里,其建设基于古代建筑理念,旨在塑造和定义当时理想的都城布局。此处意为“其设计建设基于古代建筑理念的目的是为了塑造和定义当时理想的都城布局”,故应用不定式作目的状语,故填to shape。【变式训练3】(2025·山东省泰安市高三三模)During college, he improved weaving tools and experimented with natural dyes, 40 (expand) brocade colors from five to over 220 shades. After graduating, he returned home to establish a brocade cooperative.【答案】expanding【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:在大学期间,他改进了织布工具,并尝试使用天然染料,从而将织锦的颜色从五种增加到了超过 220 种。分析可知,“______ (expand) brocade colors from five to…”为句子的结果状语,所填动词应是非谓语形式;且主语“he”与“expand”之间为主动关系,所以此处需填现在分词作状语。故填expanding。【变式训练4·变形式】(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。【变式训练5·变形式】((2024·北京高考卷)And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).【答案】asked【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.【答案】to rent【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women ________ (rent)”作后置定语,修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。故填to rent。思维建模 不定式作定语①常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.②不定式作定语,修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.【答案】inspired【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。思维建模 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生例3 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.【答案】visiting 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。【变式训练1】(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.【答案】 to journey【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。【变式训练2】(2022 新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.【答案】falling【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。【变式训练3】(2025·重庆市七校联盟高三下学期三诊)On Saturday, humanoid robots raced against humans for the first time in a half-marathon in Beijing, China. After about 2 hours and 40 minutes, the Tien Kung Ultra robot, 36 (develop) by China’s National and Local Co-built Embodied AI Robotics Innovation Center, became the first to cross the finish line .【答案】developed【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意:经过大约2小时40分钟的比赛,由中国国家地方共建人形机器人创新中心研发的“天工”机器人率先冲过终点线。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语;被修饰词“the Tien Kung Ultra robot”和动词“develop”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填developed。考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补例1(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.【答案】to be lifted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。例2 (2022·浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).【答案】 to do【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.【变式训练1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。【变式训练2】(2020·新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】 decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。【变式训练3】(2020·新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,surrounding the mountain tops作宾补,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。【变式训练4·变载体】(2025·重庆市两江新区西南大学附属中学校阶段测试)The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 36 (celebrate) Chinese New Year.【答案】celebrating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1月29日至2月2日,中国国家芭蕾舞团在华盛顿肯尼迪艺术中心上演了改编自柴可夫斯基《胡桃夹子》的中国版《过年》,共有七场演出庆祝中国新年。此处是with的复合结构,shows和celebrate之间是逻辑主动关系,celebrate用现在分词形式作宾补。故填celebrating。考向4 考查非谓语动词作宾语例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.【答案】returning【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意,表示“意味着……”,用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为“意味着做某事”,用动名词作宾语。故填returning。例2 (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.【答案】to catch【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。思维建模 不定式作宾语1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.【变式训练1·变载体】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 )The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.【答案】to bite 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。【变式训练2·变形式】She entertained us all the morning and she deserved (praise).【答案】to be praised/praising【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她一上午都在逗我们开心,她值得被表扬。此处为非谓语动词作deserve的宾语,praise与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系,所以此处可以使用“deserved to be praised”或“deserved praising”表示“值得表扬”符合句意。。故填to be praised/praising。【变式训练3·变形式】You’d better quit (drink) or at least cut down the amount of alcohol in order to keep fit.【答案】drinking【解析】考查非谓语。句意:为了保持健康,你最好戒酒或至少减少饮酒量。固定搭配quit doing“放弃做”,动名词形式作宾语。故填drinking。考向5 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语例1 (2021·英语全国甲卷)It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】to walk【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。例2 (2018新课标III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).【答案】challenged【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我迅速放下身子,低下头,避免直接看他的眼睛,这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词,之后缺表语,故用过去分词challenged,表示"被挑战的",所以用过去分词。例3 His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.【答案】failing【解析】考查非谓语作主语。句意:他考试不及格使他感到羞愧,羞愧地低下了头。此处需要使用非谓语动词作主语,fail与逻辑主语“他”是主动关系,因此需要使用动名词的主动形式和his构成动名词的复合结构。故填failing。思维建模 非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语:1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.【变式训练1·变载体】(2020·北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.【答案】to break【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It形式主语。故填to break。【变式训练2】It’s no use (complain) without taking any action as we all know actions speak louder than words.【答案】complaining【解析】考查动词形式。句意:我们都知道行动胜于言辞,所以不采取任何行动而抱怨是没有用的。it is no use doing sth做某事是没有用的,这里需要使用动名词形式来作主语。故填complaining。【变式训练3】Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most of the posts in the job market.【答案】being equipped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,具备计算机知识是就业市场上大多数职位的必备资格。be equipped with固定搭配,意为“具备”,此处作主语,应用动名词形式,故填being equipped。【变式训练4】I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school, the aim of which is (beautify) our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection.【答案】to beautify【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:我参加了学校组织的志愿者活动,目的是美化我们的城市,提高人们的环保意识。分析句子结构可知,beautify在句子中作为非谓语动词使用,使用动词不定式作表语解释说明aim的内容,故填to beautify。【变式训练5】We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves.【答案】respecting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们都相信,尊重别人就是尊重自己。此处对主语内容的进一步说明和解释,用动名词作表语。故填respecting。【变式训练6】We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom.【答案】impressed【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:每个教室不超过15个学生的小班给我们留下了深刻的印象。此处表示“对……印象深刻”,应用固定搭配be impressed by,故填impressed。考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词知识点1 动词变为名词名词后缀 示例-er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师-ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望知识点2 动词变形容词形容词后缀 示例-able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的-ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的-ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的-ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的-ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的-ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的考向1 动词转换成名词例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.【答案】solution【解析】考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。例2 (2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.【答案】criticism【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.【答案】innovation【解析】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化,世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。【变式训练2】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)This trip was an enriching 44 (explore)of China’s unique mix of tradition and modernity. I gained a deeper connection and appreciation for China’s culture and progress.【答案】exploration【解析】考查名词。句意:这次旅行是对中国独特的传统与现代融合的一次丰富探索。空处为名词形式担当表语;根据空前的“an”可推测,空处为名词的单数形式。故填exploration。【变式训练3】(2025·江苏省南京市高三考前综合训练)The researchers suggested the mushroom should eventually be used in the 37 (treat) of obesity (肥胖).【答案】treatment【解析】考查名词。句意:研究人员建议蘑菇最终应用于治疗肥胖症。“the ___2___ (treat) of obesity (肥胖)”为名词所有格结构,冠词the后需接名词,treat的名词形式为treatment,作宾语。故填treatment。【变式训练4】 (2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考)The 16-year-old is clear on the source of his 37 (optimistic) — China.【答案】optimism【解析】考查名词。句意:这位16岁的少年清楚他乐观情绪的来源——中国。提示词在形容词性物主代词his后,作介词宾语,用名词optimism(乐观),不可数名词。故填optimism。考向2 动词转换成形容词例1 (2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.【答案】closed【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。例2 (2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.【答案】tasty【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。【变式训练1】(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 39 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.【答案】advanced【解析】考查形容词。句意:中国书法是一门要求很高的高级艺术,它通过尖毛笔的压力和速度变化将汉字变成图像。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词art,advance的形容词是advanced,意为“高级的”。故填advanced。【变式训练2】(2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考) “China’s technology,” he said, “will be 44 (help) to all of mankind.”【答案】helpful【解析】考查形容词。句意:“中国的技术,”他说,“将对全人类有帮助。”提示词作表语,用形容词helpful(有帮助的),表明主语China’s technology的性质。故填helpful。考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换知识点1 名词复数1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7.常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)得分速记名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)知识点2 名词所有格1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀后缀 示例--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长后缀 示例--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长2.名词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人考向1 考查名词复数例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.【答案】times【解析】考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。例2(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.【答案】favorites【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。思维建模 判断名词复数方法根据规则确定名词单复数1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)Suzhou truly deserves its honor as “the city of museums, the city of parks, and the city of theater”, from historical 43 (sight)to modern buildings, famous parks to attractive local cultures.【答案】sights【解析】考查名词的数。句意:苏州无愧于“博物馆之城、园林之城、戏曲之城”的美誉,从历史古迹到现代建筑,从著名的园林到极具吸引力的地方文化,无一不展现着它的魅力。空处为名词形式担当宾语;根据下文的“buildings”可推测,空处为名词的复数形式。故填sights。【变式训练2】 (2021·新高考I卷 )The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。考向2 考查名词所有格例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷) “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.【答案】people’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people’s,作定语。故填people’s。例2 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.【答案】son’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。思维建模 名词的所有格1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·浙江省名校协作体适应性考试)A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.【答案】student’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的,学生必须把教育放在第一位。根据后面的college experience可知,横线上是说学生的经历。故填student’s。【变式训练2】 You’ll hear these (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【答案】participants’【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:你将听到这些参与者的故事,了解哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。由空后stories为名词可知,此处为名词所有格修饰该名词,结合空前these可知,应为复数名词participants的所有格形式participants'。故填participants’。【变式训练3】 She had views quite different from her ________ (father). 【答案】father's【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:她的观点与她父亲的完全不同。此处指父亲的观点,故用名词所有格形式。故填father's。考向3 考查提示词是名词的词形转换例1 (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.【答案】functional【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。例2 (2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【答案】remarkable【解析】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。【变式训练1·变载体】(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens.【答案】spacious【解析】考查词形转换。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。【变式训练2】(2025·湖北省孝感市八校高三三模联考)Railway authorities have even added two additional high-speed trains between the 48 (province) capital Jinan and Zibo on weekends to meet the growing passenger demand.【答案】provincial【解析】考查形容词。句意:铁路部门甚至在周末在省会济南和淄博之间额外增加了两列高速列车,以满足不断增长的乘客需求。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词capital,province的形容词是provincial,意为“省的”,故填provincial。考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化1.形容词的词形转换类别 例词词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited词尾加 ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)动词词尾加 ive/ ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective2.副词的词形转换规律总结类别 例词形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/a /,直接加 ly)词尾为 ble/ le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+ er/ est)转换以 e结尾 + r/ st late—later—latest以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+ er/ est early—earlier—earliest以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+ er/est big—bigger—biggest多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加 er和 est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。(3)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good, well better bestbad, badly, ill worse worstmany, much more mostlittle less leastfar farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)old older/elder oldest/eldest知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型(1)同级比较①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...as+many+可数名词复数+as...as+much+不可数名词+as...(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。Who is the younger of the two boys 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。(3)最高级①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。②最高级的其他表达法否定词+比较级比较级+than+any other+单数名词比较级+than+all the other+复数名词比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词比较级+than anything/anyone else有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”⑧倍数句型A is+倍数+比较级+than+BA is+倍数+as+原级+as+BA is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B考向1 考查形容词、副词的词形转换例1 (2023 新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【答案】rarely 【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。例2 (2023 1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.【答案】originally【解析】考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·山西省大同市高三下学期三模)In every village, bands of children, young and senior people are formed. Members of the bands often sing grand songs 44 (cheerful) at the drum tower, a meeting place found in every Dong village.【答案】cheerfully【解析】考查副词。句意:乐队成员经常在鼓楼欢快地唱大歌,鼓楼是每个侗族村落都有的集会场所。修饰动词sing(唱),应用副词cheerfully作状语,意为“欢快地”。故填cheerfully。【变式训练2】Paper is cheap, handy, portable (轻便的), ________(replace), changeable, and you can cut it into any size or shape you want.【答案】replaceable【解析】考查形容词。句意:纸张便宜、方便、便于携带的、可替换的、可更换,而且你可以把它切成任何你想要的大小或形状。此处是形容词作表语,故填replaceable。形容词后缀-able 1.能……的;可……的 rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 2.具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 value→valuable 有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的考向2 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型例1 (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。例2 (2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.【答案】simpler【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)And a visit to the Caoxieshan Archaeological Site Park was even 41 (striking). Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those living here thousands of years ago.【答案】more striking【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:而参观草鞋山考古遗址公园则更让我震撼不已。空处为形容词形式担当表语;根据空前的“even”以及句意可知,空处为形容词比较级形式。故填more striking。【变式训练2】(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.【答案】 highest【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词知识点1 人称代词人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them知识点2 物主代词形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs知识点3 反身代词反身代词单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves与反身代词相对的短语enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在知识点4 与it相关的句型it用于某些句型It's (about/high) time+that-从句某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事It's+时间段+since-从句自从……有多长时间了It's+时间段+before-从句过了多长时间才……it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。(2)it作形式宾语的情况①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。考向1 考查代词的词形转换例1 (2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。例2 (2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展第01讲 语法填空——有提示词的填空目录01 考情解码·命题预警 202 体系构建·思维可视 403 核心突破·靶向攻坚 5考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 5知识点1 动词的时态 5知识点2 动词的语态 6知识点3 主谓一致 6考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 7考向2 考查固定句型中的时态 7考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题 7【思维建模】利用平行关系解决时态问题考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词 9知识点1 非谓语动词作状语 9知识点2 非谓语动词作定语 9知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语 10考向1 非谓语动词作状语 11【思维建模】非谓语动词作状语考向2 非谓语动词作定语 12【思维建模】不定式作定语 过去分词作定语考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补 13【思维建模】不定式作宾语补足语考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词 15考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换 17知识点1 名词复数 17知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换 19考向1 考查名词复数 20【思维建模】判断名词复数方法考向3考查提示词是名词的词形转换 22考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换 22知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化 22知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级 23考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 27考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式 29考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用 30知识点 有提示词的语法填空重难点突破 30考向 考查有提示词的语法填空 3104真题溯源·考向感知 32语法填空之有提示词填空年份 卷别 词数 有提示词 无提示词谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词2025年1月 浙江卷 226 1 2 3 1 1 1 12024 新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 22023 新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 12022 新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 考情分析: 1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流,国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。 2.从命题思路上看: (1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中; (2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式; (3)形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。 (4)名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换 (5)代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。 预计2026年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点,名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。 复习过程中熟记词形转换的词,熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义,掌握谓语动词的时态形式和意义。复习目标: 1.熟记各种词形转换的单词。 2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。 3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。 4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致知识点1 动词的时态一、确定作谓语分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。二、确定时态1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词时态 时间状语一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等2.根据具并列关系:考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。3.根据常用句式定时态:(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。知识点2 动词的语态确定语态1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。2.主动表被动(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;知识点3 主谓一致得分速记确定“主谓一致”项目 主语 谓语动词语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致 意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态例1 (2025年1月浙江高考)The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.例2(2022 新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.【变式训练1·变载体】(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).【变式训练2】(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【环境保护】【变式训练3】(2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模)Since 2024, Xinjiang 64 (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap. Alongside the green belt, efforts have been made to promote the development of sand industries to benefit local residents.考向2 考查固定句型中的时态例1 (2022·新课标II卷)Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.例2(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.【变式训练1·变考法】(2025·陕西省高三月考)Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she (be) away from home for such a long time.【变式训练2】I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题例(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。【变式训练·变载体】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.考向4 考查利用语境解决时态问题例1(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.例2(2022·浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.考向5 考查动词的语态例1(2021·浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.思维建模 确定谓语动词语态的关键确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。【文化遗产与中外文化结合】【变式训练】His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press by 400 years, 58 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history.考向6 考查主谓一致例(2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模)As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.【环境保护】【变式训练1】(2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模)This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community as a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 58 (respond) to the challenges of climate change.【传统文化】【变式训练2】(2025·山东省德州市高三三模)Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom 36 (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴).考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词确定作非谓语分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。知识点1 非谓语动词作状语1.寻找线索(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。2.解题指导(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。知识点2 非谓语动词作定语1.寻找线索(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。2.解题指导(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。知识点3 非谓语动词作表语1.寻找线索非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。2.解题指导(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语1.寻找线索动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:得分速记(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。2.解题指导(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。知识点5 非谓语动词作主语1.寻找线索主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。2.解题指导(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语1.寻找线索动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。得分速记(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。(3)with复合结构①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。2.解题指导(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语例1 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.例2 (2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.思维建模 非谓语动词作状语1.找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。【变式训练1·变载体】(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.【变式训练2】(2025·山东省德州市高三三模)The Beijing Central Axis, stretching 7.8 kilometers from the Yongding Gate in the south to the Drum and Bell Towers in the north, was constructed based on ancient architectural philosophies 40 (shape) and define an ideal layout for a capital city then.【变式训练3】(2025·山东省泰安市高三三模)During college, he improved weaving tools and experimented with natural dyes, 40 (expand) brocade colors from five to over 220 shades. After graduating, he returned home to establish a brocade cooperative.【变式训练4·变形式】(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.【变式训练5·变形式】((2024·北京高考卷)And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.思维建模 不定式作定语①常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.②不定式作定语,修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.思维建模 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生例3 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。【变式训练1】(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.【变式训练2】(2022 新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.【变式训练3】(2025·重庆市七校联盟高三下学期三诊)On Saturday, humanoid robots raced against humans for the first time in a half-marathon in Beijing, China. After about 2 hours and 40 minutes, the Tien Kung Ultra robot, 36 (develop) by China’s National and Local Co-built Embodied AI Robotics Innovation Center, became the first to cross the finish line .考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补例1(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。例2 (2022·浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.【变式训练1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 【变式训练2】(2020·新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【变式训练3】(2020·新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【变式训练4·变载体】(2025·重庆市两江新区西南大学附属中学校阶段测试)The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 36 (celebrate) Chinese New Year.考向4 考查非谓语动词作宾语例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.例2 (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.思维建模 不定式作宾语1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.【变式训练1·变载体】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 )The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.【变式训练2·变形式】She entertained us all the morning and she deserved (praise).【变式训练3·变形式】You’d better quit (drink) or at least cut down the amount of alcohol in order to keep fit.考向5 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语例1 (2021·英语全国甲卷)It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.例2 (2018新课标III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).例3 His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.思维建模 非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语:1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.【变式训练1·变载体】(2020·北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.【变式训练2】It’s no use (complain) without taking any action as we all know actions speak louder than words.【变式训练3】Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most of the posts in the job market.【变式训练4】I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school, the aim of which is (beautify) our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection.【变式训练5】We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves.【变式训练6】We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom.考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词知识点1 动词变为名词名词后缀 示例-er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师-ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望知识点2 动词变形容词形容词后缀 示例-able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的-ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的-ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的-ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的-ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的-ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的考向1 动词转换成名词例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.例2 (2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.【变式训练2】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)This trip was an enriching 44 (explore)of China’s unique mix of tradition and modernity. I gained a deeper connection and appreciation for China’s culture and progress.【变式训练3】(2025·江苏省南京市高三考前综合训练)The researchers suggested the mushroom should eventually be used in the 37 (treat) of obesity (肥胖).【变式训练4】 (2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考)The 16-year-old is clear on the source of his 37 (optimistic) — China.考向2 动词转换成形容词例1 (2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.例2 (2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.【变式训练1】(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 39 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.【变式训练2】(2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考) “China’s technology,” he said, “will be 44 (help) to all of mankind.”考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换知识点1 名词复数1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7.常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)得分速记名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)知识点2 名词所有格1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀后缀 示例--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长后缀 示例--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长2.名词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人考向1 考查名词复数例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.例2(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.思维建模 判断名词复数方法根据规则确定名词单复数1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)Suzhou truly deserves its honor as “the city of museums, the city of parks, and the city of theater”, from historical 43 (sight)to modern buildings, famous parks to attractive local cultures.【变式训练2】 (2021·新高考I卷 )The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。考向2 考查名词所有格例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷) “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.例2 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.思维建模 名词的所有格1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·浙江省名校协作体适应性考试)A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.【变式训练2】 You’ll hear these (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【变式训练3】 She had views quite different from her ________ (father). 考向3 考查提示词是名词的词形转换例1 (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.例2 (2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【变式训练1·变载体】(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens.【变式训练2】(2025·湖北省孝感市八校高三三模联考)Railway authorities have even added two additional high-speed trains between the 48 (province) capital Jinan and Zibo on weekends to meet the growing passenger demand.考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化1.形容词的词形转换类别 例词词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited词尾加 ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)动词词尾加 ive/ ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective2.副词的词形转换规律总结类别 例词形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/a /,直接加 ly)词尾为 ble/ le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+ er/ est)转换以 e结尾 + r/ st late—later—latest以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+ er/ est early—earlier—earliest以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+ er/est big—bigger—biggest多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加 er和 est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。(3)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good, well better bestbad, badly, ill worse worstmany, much more mostlittle less leastfar farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)old older/elder oldest/eldest知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型(1)同级比较①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...as+many+可数名词复数+as...as+much+不可数名词+as...(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。Who is the younger of the two boys 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。(3)最高级①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。②最高级的其他表达法否定词+比较级比较级+than+any other+单数名词比较级+than+all the other+复数名词比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词比较级+than anything/anyone else有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”⑧倍数句型A is+倍数+比较级+than+BA is+倍数+as+原级+as+BA is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B考向1 考查形容词、副词的词形转换例1 (2023 新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 例2 (2023 1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·山西省大同市高三下学期三模)In every village, bands of children, young and senior people are formed. Members of the bands often sing grand songs 44 (cheerful) at the drum tower, a meeting place found in every Dong village.【变式训练2】Paper is cheap, handy, portable (轻便的), ________(replace), changeable, and you can cut it into any size or shape you want.形容词后缀-able 1.能……的;可……的 rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 2.具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 value→valuable 有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的考向2 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型例1 (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.例2 (2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)And a visit to the Caoxieshan Archaeological Site Park was even 41 (striking). Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those living here thousands of years ago.【变式训练2】(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词知识点1 人称代词人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them知识点2 物主代词形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs知识点3 反身代词反身代词单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves与反身代词相对的短语enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在知识点4 与it相关的句型it用于某些句型It's (about/high) time+that-从句某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事It's+时间段+since-从句自从……有多长时间了It's+时间段+before-从句过了多长时间才……it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。(2)it作形式宾语的情况①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。考向1 考查代词的词形转换例1 (2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.例2 (2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.思维建模 提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。【变式训练1·变载体】(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.【变式训练2】(2025·山西省大同市高三下学期三模)The Dong people, who don’t have a written language of their own, pass down much of their history, culture and knowledge through their unique songs. These songs accompany 43 (they) throughout their lives.考向2 考查代词的句法功能例 (2018新课标III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find(they) alive.(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.【变式训练】(2025·重庆市两江新区西南大学附属中学校阶段测试)Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the significance of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 43 (it) growing global appeal.考向3 考查代词it的用法例 (2022·北京卷改编)________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.【变式训练·变载体】(2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考)Seeking a hands-on experience, I realized the amazing patience and skill applied behind every stitch(针)were such a miracle, weaving stories with threads. 38 struck me that this isn’t just handcraft, but an art form and a slice of history.考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth知识点2 与数词相关的表达法①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。考向1 考查基数词和序数词的转化例 (2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.【变式训练】(2025 衡水中学高三调研)Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early ________ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.考向2 考查与数词相关的表达法例 (2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council run courses costing from £10 each time.【变式训练1】Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.【变式训练2】Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用有提示词的语法填空重难点突破:有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右,是语法填空的重点考查内容,掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。策略:1.看提示词的哪种词类;2.根据词类定填空的方向,从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法,这是解题关键。有提示词的语法填空的做题思维导图:考查有提示词的语法填空(2025·河北省石家庄市普通高中毕业年级教学质量检测(三))China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 1 (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.2 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 3 multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 4 (become) a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 5 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 6 (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 7 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 8 (tell) a story in their various dialects.Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 9 (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 10 unique appeal of each dialect.1.(2023全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.2.(2021新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.3.(2024全国甲卷)They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.4.(2020 全国III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.5. (2021新课标卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it 6. (2023新课标II卷)So, what are they learning 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.7.(2022新课标II卷)When he looked down, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.8.(2021全国I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).9.(2020年新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.10.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2026年高考英语第一轮复习(全国通用)第01讲语法填空——有提示词的填空(复习讲义)(学生版).docx 2026年高考英语第一轮复习(全国通用)第01讲语法填空——有提示词的填空(复习讲义)(教师版).docx