资源简介

第01讲 阅读7选5——说明文
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 考查标题句 4
知识点 标题句的特征及解题技巧 4
考向突破 考查标题句 4
考点二 考查段首句 7
知识点 段首句的特征及解题技巧 8
考向突破 考查段首句 8
考点三 考查段中句 10
知识点 段中句的特征及解题技巧 11
考向突破 考查段中句 11
考点四 考查段尾句 13
知识点 段尾句的特征及解题技巧 13
考向突破 考查段尾句 13
考点五 做7选5阅读常用的技巧 15
1.利用词汇关系解题 16
2.利用一致关系解题 16
3.利用逻辑关系解题 16
04真题溯源·考向感知 22
阅读7选5之说明文
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
2025 全国I卷 记叙文 人与社会 热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 4 1 完整句 254+85
全国II卷 说明文 人与社会 一家人一起参加志愿服务 2 2 1 完整句 247+83
2024 新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典的心得 1 4 0 完整句 273+61
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免过度性旅游 1 3 1 完整句 259+52
2023 新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
2022 新课标I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
2021 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
考情分析： 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 2．从命题思路上看：体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。 语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；主要考查考生的做题技能和整体阅读判断能力，注重考查文章的结构。 预计2026年说明文考查的可能性最大。复习过程中要熟练掌握说明文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对说明文阅读填空。
复习目标 1.掌握说明文的结构特点和命题形式。 2.掌握说明文阅读填空的解题思路和技巧。
(
) 考点一 考查标题句
知识点 标题句的特征及解题技巧
1.应当首先观察其他段落标题的句式结构，根据已有小标题的句式特征，则可迅速缩小选择范围。标题应当短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词或祈使句。
2.根据小标题下面的内容，进一步确定小标题选项的准确性。小标题一定要它后面的内容保持一致。
1.解题技巧：
段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
2.思维方法：
考向 考查标题句
例1 (2025年1月 浙江卷)
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
39
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience involved.
C．The best messages are often simple.
D．Speak directly to what matters to them.
E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
例2（2023年全国乙卷）D篇
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults ___16___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
___18___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● ___19___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___20___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【变式训练·变载体】2.（2024·新高考II卷）
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. So, should we stop traveling Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. Travel for you and no one else.
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A．Visit during off-peak times.
B．So, should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else.
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
(
) 考点二 考查段首句 (
)
首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接。
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句。
1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下
设空在段首——思考是“段落主题句”还是“承上启下句”
1.把握形似，确定段落标题句
2.根据一致，确定段落主题句
3.瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
考向 考查段首句
例1(2024·新课标I卷第38题)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37It takes no account of the context. …
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. …
…
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
例2（2024年1月 浙江卷·阅读七选五节选）
40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B．Your motivation should be your main concern.
C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学校高三下学期3月适应性月考（六））
How to Use Your Inner Voice
We all have an inner voice, and while it can be supportive, it can also become overly critical. The good news: 1 Here are three science-backed strategies to refine (改善) your inner dialogue, inspired by the groundbreaking work of psychologist Ethan Kross.
Distancing Ourselves from Negative Thoughts
2 Kross’s research on self-distancing offers a powerful solution. By referring to yourself in the third person or using your own name, you create psychological distance which reduces emotional reactivity. For instance, instead of thinking, “I’m failing”, try telling yourself, “[Add Your Name], you’re learning through this challenge.” This simple shift can help you approach problems with clarity and objectivity.
Inner Coach vs. Inner Critic
3 It helps us plan, solve problems, and motivate ourselves. But it can also make us more anxious and hurt our relationships. Kross recommends that we should make the most of its good points while keeping its bad ones in check. When you’re faced with self-criticism, try shifting to your inner coach for guidance. These slight changes in how we talk to ourselves can lower our stress and help us solve problems better.
Growing through Positive Self-Dialogue
Building a constructive inner voice requires practice. Just before bed, journal about a moment where positive self-talk helped you. 4 Over time, this habit can help reinforce a growth mindset and prepare you to tackle challenges with more confidence.
Conclusion
By practicing self-distancing, reframing criticism, and reflecting on positive moments, you can turn your inner voice into a source of strength and clarity. 5
A．Our inner voice cuts both ways.
B．Feeling overwhelmed by your inner critic
C．Talking to yourself empowered you during tough times.
D．Self-talk can be transformed into a tool for growth and success.
E．We can learn to identify negative thought patterns and avoid them.
F．Start today — because your inner voice shapes how you show up in the world.
G．Reflect on how it shaped your response and what you can carry into tomorrow.
【变式训练】（2025·湖北省十一校高三下学期第二次联考）
We’ve all experienced the frustration of forgetting what we studied yesterday. But memory isn’t just about natural talent. It’s a skill we can improve with smart strategies.
Our brains naturally screen information. We forget 70% of new knowledge within 24 hours if we don’t review it. Your brain serves as a library. Whenever you revisit information, you’re placing it on a more accessible shelf. A student who reviews math formulas (公式) right after class, then before bed, and once more after three days will find them easier to recall during exams. 1
2 When reciting words like “photosynthesis”, simply repeating the spelling often fails quickly. Instead, picture sunlight hitting green leaves while reading a biology textbook. This combines text, imagery, and real-world meaning, activating multiple brain areas at once. Similarly, linking “pineapple” to “pine tree with apples” creates a funny mental image hard to forget for long.
Sleep and calm minds are secret weapons for memory. During deep sleep, the brain reorganizes daytime learning like a librarian sorting books. Research shows students with 7-8 hours of sleep remember 40% more history facts than those who stay up late. 3 Taking slow breaths can protect your mental “library”.
Active practice beats passive reading. Instead of mechanically rereading notes, transform headings into self-test questions: “ 4 ” This forces your brain to search information, strengthening memory pathways. Explaining concepts to friends, like teaching a classmate how to solve equations, uses speech and logic to deepen understanding.
5 By spacing out reviews, creating vivid mental connections, and caring for your brain’s needs, you can turn temporary knowledge into lifelong wisdom—one small, steady step at a time.
A．How do I use this grammar rule in writing
B．This “spaced repetition” makes memories stick.
C．Forgetting is a common human condition without exception.
D．Context turns weak and uncertain memories into permanent ones.
E．Memory mastery is not about studying longer but studying smarter.
F．Improving memory is more focused on holding on to what really counts.
G．Feeling stressed, however, floods the brain with chemicals that damage memory.
(
) 考点三考查段中句 (
)
设空处在段中，是文中起到承上启下作用的句子。
具体解题步骤如下：
第一步：寻找下句中是否出现人称代词或指示代词，该词与选项存在指代关系。
第二步：瞻前顾后，关注段落小标题。同时重点关注上下句之间的逻辑关系是否存在如例证、解释、递增、转折等关系，寻找表示逻辑关系的衔接词或过渡词。同时，寻找与上句之间是否出现相同或相似的句式结构。
第二步：将选项代入设空处，看与上句和下句之间是否符合逻辑。
如何应对段中句的考查
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
段中设空考查逻辑关系
段中设空主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,是解题时需要重点关注的部分。考生应对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出关键信息。常考逻辑关系如下，
①总分关系：指选项是中心句；
②并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
③递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
④转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
⑤例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。
⑥概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
⑦因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系。
考向 考查段中句
例1（2025 浙江新高考卷·阅读填空节选）
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience involved.
C．The best messages are often simple.
D．Speak directly to what matters to them.
E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
例2（2024年新高考I卷）
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·福建省高中毕业班3月适应模拟）
Patterns are repeated behaviors that shape our daily lives. We follow them when we stick to the same morning routine, react similarly to stress, or face the same conflicts with others. 1 The key is knowing which to keep and which to break.
Harmful patterns, like surfing through social media for hours or avoiding difficult tasks, form because our brains prefer easy and familiar actions. 2 To break such cycles, start small: replace one bad habit with a positive activity, set clear daily goals, and ask friends to support your efforts.
Even good patterns can become problems if we never update them. A study method that worked in high school might not suit college courses. Staying too long with outdated routines limits our ability to adapt. 3 People who refresh their habits regularly tend to solve problems faster and think more creatively. Try this: every few months, review your routines. Ask yourself, “Is this still working Could there be a better way ” 4
As Walt Disney said, “Progress needs change.” Breaking patterns feels uncomfortable at first, but staying stuck in unhelpful habits costs more over time. Begin with manageable steps: wake up 30 minutes earlier, try a new hobby, or write down your thoughts before making decisions. Each change weakens unhelpful patterns and builds confidence to tackle bigger challenges.
5 Keep those that help you grow, but don’t let them become cages. By balancing useful routines with the courage to try new things, we create space for both stability and progress. Track your habits, stay curious, and note: small changes today can lead to big improvements tomorrow.
A．Patterns are very easy to follow.
B．Remember: patterns are tools-not rules.
C．While some patterns help us, others hold us back.
D．In the end, breaking patterns creates space for balance.
E．Sticking to old patterns risks missing better opportunities.
F．Each time we repeat these behaviors, they become harder to change.
G．Simple workspace changes and diverse dialogues stimulate new ideas.
(
) 考点四考查段尾句 (
)
段尾句通常具有，应当注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词。有时，段尾句和段首句呈现出首尾呼应的现象，也是检查选项的一个重要参考。
如何应对段尾句考查
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如therefore、 as a result、 thus、 to sum up、 to conclude、 in a word等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。
考向 考查段尾句
例1（2025 全国II卷）
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
例2(2024新课标II卷第37题)
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
例3(2024新课标II卷第38题)
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·江苏省南通市、宿迁、连云港、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安苏北七市高三第二次调研）
How to appreciate a classic
Classics are often seen as books read by literature majors or intellectuals. They carry a certain air of snobbery (势利) in them. 1 The classics and I began as acquaintances, eventually to friends, and then to close confidantes (密友) with private jokes between us. So how does one approach a classic
Find your classic (era). The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time. 2 Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina. Like all forms of literature, there are genres within the classics selection of a bookstore. By finding your era, there’s always something that may appeal to you.
Read slow and get immersed (沉浸的). Classics aren’t written in our modern tongue. It is written with every mark of the period it was published. As challenging as it may be, I suggest reading your first classic slow. 3 It’s like immersing yourself in a different world. It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it, but you do get it eventually.
4 Once immersed, you rather get a hang of the language, and it is best to read another one. Maybe read a book from the same author. In this way, the next book becomes easier to read. The ease in the language and the context is reward itself and may motivate you to read more classics.
Try again. If the first classic you got was a miss, find another one. You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a child’s classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables. Don’t jump from “I don’t read classics” to “Brother Karamazov” all too sudden. 5
A．Learn more about the author.
B．Reading classics requires pacing.
C．Follow through with another classic.
D．My love for classics was a gradual affair.
E．Allow the book and the language to grow with you.
F．It’s wrong to assume that all classics are created equal.
G．You should treat classics like vegetables and eat them quickly.
(
) 考点五 做7选5阅读常用的技巧 (
)
1.利用词汇关系解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
词汇复现：原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现、同源词复现。
识别词汇复现的方法：1.着重阅读空前、空后两句，锁定关键词，在选项中查找关键词。2.正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句的关键词呼应。
2.利用一致关系解题
一致性原则包括：①句式一致：如果文章有小标题，其句式往往统一，多为祈使句或名词短语。通过观察前后段落的小标题句式，可以确定设空处的正确选项。若无小标题，可依据前后段的句首句式，利用句式一致原则进行判断。同样，段中句也可通过上下句式结构的一致性来判断正确答案。
②指代一致：句子中的代词与上下文的名词之间存在一致的指代关系。通过仔细分析空白处前后的名词，可以明确这种指代关系，从而确定正确选项。
③问答一致：在解答7选5题目时，如果选项或文章中出现了疑问句，我们可以通过下文的答语来确定上文的问句内容，反之亦然。
④主从句一致：在考查含状语从句的复合句时，如果空在前，则空白后部分以小写字母开头。找到备选项中不能独立成句的选项，再根据主从句一致原则确定正确答案。
3.利用逻辑关系解题
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
句际逻辑关系
一组意义相关的句子，按照一定的逻辑关系排列起来，就能在语篇中表达一个层次的意思。这种逻辑关系有时是显性的，即运用明显的过渡词语来表达出来；有时是隐性的，即不使用任何过渡词语，仅凭句子的排列顺序来表达。语篇中的句际关系主要有以下诸类。
1） 平列关系
平列关系指句子之间在语义上处于平等并立的地位，互不相属。如果改变句子的排列顺序，并不影响整个语段的意义。例如：
All the people on our block give us trouble. Mrs. Brown calls the police whenever we go to play ball on the street. Mrs. Johnson complains that skateboarding makes too much noise. If we happen to stray into Mr. Hardy's yard, he yells at us.
上面这个语段中，后面三句是平列关系，共同说明“社区所有人都给我们带来麻烦”这一主题。
2)时序关系
时序关系指各个句子只能按事物发展的时间先后顺序排列，不可随意改动次序，常用于描述事件过程或者操作流程。例如：
We had a hard time getting Peter out of the hole he had fallen into. First, we made a rope by linking our belts together. Then we lowered it to Peter, telling him to grasp the end. After he had hold of the rope, we began to pull him slowly out of the hole. As he came up, no one dared to speak a word. Finally, we could grasp him arms, and with a sigh of relief, we pulled him out onto the grassy bank.
上面这个语段中，后五句话是时序关系，共同说明“我们好不容易才把Peter拉出掉进的坑”这一过程。描述中，分别用了first，then，after，as，finally这些描述顺序的关联过渡词语，使得文章脉络清晰。
3) 层递关系
层递关系指句子间按照语义的轻重、认知的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深、由主到次的顺序排列。例如：
I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia (失眠), headache, backache, indigestion (消化不良), constipation (便秘) and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse (更糟糕的是), I've caught a cold, I've got a sore throat, and I'm constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all (最糟糕的是), I had an accident the other day, hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. If I take a long walk, I get short of breath. In fact, I feel more dead than alive.
上面语段中，作者用层层递进的方式描述了自己的不幸遭遇，感到生不如死。to make things worse 和 to crown it all，清楚地表现了这种层递关系。
4)转折关系
转折关系指句子间意义表达发生转折，常用于进行对比、对照。例如：
Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual. A clone is an organism which is genetically identical to another one. But it's now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in experiences and upbringing.(克隆技术通过提取单个细胞的DNA来创造出一个完整的新个体。克隆体在基因上与另一个有机体是相同的。然而，现在可以确定的是，由于经历和成长环境的不同，没有哪个克隆体是一丝不差的复制品。)又例如：
It's tempting to see the life of a journalist as glamorous and exciting, but as with any other occupation, there is a lot of hard work and routine activity. It also depends on what kind of publication you work for. However, each day is different and you will cover a wide range of news stories and features.
5）总分关系
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象，后面的句子紧接着分别他们加以说明。这种组织方式使语段前后呼应，彼此配合，意义表达条理分明。例如：
Friends come in many flavors. There are best friends, school friends, fair-weather friends (顺境朋友), forever friends and many more. Best friends are friends with whom you spend a lot of time and with whom you share all your thoughts and feelings. School friends are different: you see each other in school and you study and have fun together, but you may not know everything about each other. Fair-weather friends are friends who only like you when you are happy or when you are popular. If you are feeling down, or if you are having a problem, fair-weather friends don't want to spend time or talk with you. Forever friends are friends that will always listen to you and try to help you, even if you disagree or if you are having a problem.
这一语段首先提出“朋友有许多种”，然后分别对best friends，school friends，fair-weather friends 和 forever friends 进行解释和说明。
6) 解释关系
解释关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证，从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生动，更有说服力。例如：
Do you know that the average person puts only 25% of his energy and ability into his work That means those who use 50% of their ability really stand out from the rest. And the very few who actually give their full 100% of strength and smarts to their work become the most successful. Many people want the greener grass, but they don't want to pay the higher water bill to get it!
普通人在工作或学习中只投入了25%的精力和能力。根据这一论断，作者进行了引申和阐释：投入50%就会出类拔萃，投入100%就会最成功。最后告诫普通人：草坪要比别家更加翠绿，就要比别人承担更多水费。
7) 因果关系
因果关系指句子之间在逻辑上存在因果联系。在排列方式上，既可以采用前因后果，也可以采用前果后因。例如：
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something out of nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips around the world as well.
8)比拟关系
比拟关系指把深奥抽象的事物比喻为浅显易懂、具体生动的事物。从而达到深入浅出、通俗易懂、形象生动的表达效果。例如：
The surface of the earth is like the skin of an orange, which cannot be spread out flat unless it is torn into strips. That is why flat maps of the whole earth always distort its appearance.
此段把较为抽象的地球表面比拟成人们熟悉的橘子皮，形象地说明了为什么平面地图难以展示地球的真正地貌。
考向1 考查词汇复现
例1原词重复信息
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
A．This isn’t usual though.
B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E．It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F．The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G．This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
例2代词重复信息
　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈)．__38__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery ...
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
例3派生重复信息
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
__40__ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
例4反义重复信息
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
There is also the matter of tone (语气)．Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day __39__.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
A．Message with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E．Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G．An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
考向2 考查一致关系
例1代词指代一致
（2023新高考I卷39题）
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
例2句式一致
（2016高考II卷）
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts 　16　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 　17　
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　18　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　19　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　20　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
考向3 考查逻辑关系解题
例1转折关系
（2022全国乙卷）
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
例2因果关系
（2020新高考卷）
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 38
A. Do the opposite.
B.Y ou want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
例3递进关系
（2023全国甲卷）
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
1. （2025·北京卷）What is adulthood Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle.
As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 35
But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 36 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.
Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this.
So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38 We are a social species, so this is important.
While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39
A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work.
C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you.
E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music.
G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
2.（2025·全国II卷）
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults ___16___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
___18___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● ___19___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___20___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
3.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
5.【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
6.【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know.
So, which is better The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
7.【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you ___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
9.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
10.【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
11.【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
12.【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
13.【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular第01讲 阅读7选5——说明文
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 考查标题句 4
知识点 标题句的特征及解题技巧 4
考向突破 考查标题句 4
考点二 考查段首句 8
知识点 段首句的特征及解题技巧 9
考向突破 考查段首句 9
考点三 考查段中句 14
知识点 段中句的特征及解题技巧 14
考向突破 考查段中句 15
考点四 考查段尾句 18
知识点 段尾句的特征及解题技巧 18
考向突破 考查段尾句 19
考点五 做7选5阅读常用的技巧 23
1.利用词汇关系解题 23
2.利用一致关系解题 23
3.利用逻辑关系解题 23
04真题溯源·考向感知 31
阅读7选5之说明文
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
2025 全国I卷 记叙文 人与社会 热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 4 1 完整句 254+85
全国II卷 说明文 人与社会 一家人一起参加志愿服务 2 2 1 完整句 247+83
2024 新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典的心得 1 4 0 完整句 273+61
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免过度性旅游 1 3 1 完整句 259+52
2023 新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
2022 新课标I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
2021 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
考情分析： 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 2．从命题思路上看：体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。 语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；主要考查考生的做题技能和整体阅读判断能力，注重考查文章的结构。 预计2026年说明文考查的可能性最大。复习过程中要熟练掌握说明文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对说明文阅读填空。
复习目标 1.掌握说明文的结构特点和命题形式。 2.掌握说明文阅读填空的解题思路和技巧。
(
) 考点一 考查标题句
知识点 标题句的特征及解题技巧
1.应当首先观察其他段落标题的句式结构，根据已有小标题的句式特征，则可迅速缩小选择范围。标题应当短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词或祈使句。
2.根据小标题下面的内容，进一步确定小标题选项的准确性。小标题一定要它后面的内容保持一致。
1.解题技巧：
段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
2.思维方法：
考向 考查标题句
例1 (2025年1月 浙江卷)
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
39
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience involved.
C．The best messages are often simple.
D．Speak directly to what matters to them.
E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
【思维过程】
●39空为小标题句，观察其他小标题句的特征，它们都是祈使句。
●选项定位7个选项中有3个是祈使句ABD→看小标题下面的内容→①contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others（贡献自己的想法，或在向他人解释新概念和政策方面发挥作用）②Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills让他们主持讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧→B．Get the audience involved.
●故选B
39.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查小标题，根据后文“Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.(要求听众贡献自己的想法，或参与向他人解释新的概念和政策。让他们能够领导讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧)”表示让听众参与到互动演讲之中，B选项“让观众参与进来”概括本段内容。故选B。
例2（2023年全国乙卷）D篇
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults ___16___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
___18___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● ___19___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___20___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. E 19. C 20. F
【思维过程】
●19空为小标题句，观察其他小标题句的特征，发现选项中没有和它相似结构句子。
●看小标题19空下面的内容→These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.这些影响不仅仅是短期的，而且已经被证明会影响青少年未来的幸福→ aren’t just short-term；affect同义表达lifelong effect →C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
●故选C
19. C根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。
【变式训练·变载体】2.（2024·新高考II卷）
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. So, should we stop traveling Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. Travel for you and no one else.
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A．Visit during off-peak times.
B．So, should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else.
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
4.【答案】A
【解析】本题考查小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
(
) 考点二 考查段首句 (
)
首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接。
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句。
1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下
设空在段首——思考是“段落主题句”还是“承上启下句”
1.把握形似，确定段落标题句
2.根据一致，确定段落主题句
3.瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
考向 考查段首句
例1(2024·新课标I卷第38题)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37It takes no account of the context. …
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. …
…
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【思维过程】
●38空为段首句。
●看段首句38空下面的内容→ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.→ a precise definition、differentiating it from other words、also usually show how the word is pronounced→E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.→词典不仅仅是帮助拼写、还给出定义、给出区别、展示发音→E引出下文和后文是并列关系
●故选E
【答案】E
【解析】38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
例2（2024年1月 浙江卷·阅读七选五节选）
40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B．Your motivation should be your main concern.
C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【思维过程】
●40空为段首句。
●看段首句40空下面的内容→ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.→social connection、motivate each other、 the class discussion、organize a study group→互动的内容→E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.→human interaction人们间的互动
●故选E
【答案】E
【解析】设空处位于段首，此处是提出问题，后文解决问题There are things you can do to ease this problem。由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学校高三下学期3月适应性月考（六））
How to Use Your Inner Voice
We all have an inner voice, and while it can be supportive, it can also become overly critical. The good news: 1 Here are three science-backed strategies to refine (改善) your inner dialogue, inspired by the groundbreaking work of psychologist Ethan Kross.
Distancing Ourselves from Negative Thoughts
2 Kross’s research on self-distancing offers a powerful solution. By referring to yourself in the third person or using your own name, you create psychological distance which reduces emotional reactivity. For instance, instead of thinking, “I’m failing”, try telling yourself, “[Add Your Name], you’re learning through this challenge.” This simple shift can help you approach problems with clarity and objectivity.
Inner Coach vs. Inner Critic
3 It helps us plan, solve problems, and motivate ourselves. But it can also make us more anxious and hurt our relationships. Kross recommends that we should make the most of its good points while keeping its bad ones in check. When you’re faced with self-criticism, try shifting to your inner coach for guidance. These slight changes in how we talk to ourselves can lower our stress and help us solve problems better.
Growing through Positive Self-Dialogue
Building a constructive inner voice requires practice. Just before bed, journal about a moment where positive self-talk helped you. 4 Over time, this habit can help reinforce a growth mindset and prepare you to tackle challenges with more confidence.
Conclusion
By practicing self-distancing, reframing criticism, and reflecting on positive moments, you can turn your inner voice into a source of strength and clarity. 5
A．Our inner voice cuts both ways.
B．Feeling overwhelmed by your inner critic
C．Talking to yourself empowered you during tough times.
D．Self-talk can be transformed into a tool for growth and success.
E．We can learn to identify negative thought patterns and avoid them.
F．Start today — because your inner voice shapes how you show up in the world.
G．Reflect on how it shaped your response and what you can carry into tomorrow.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何改善内心声音的三个策略。
1．上文“We all have an inner voice, and while it can be supportive, it can also become overly critical. The good news:(我们都有一个内心的声音，虽然它可能是支持的，但它也可能变得过于挑剔。好消息是：)”说明我们内心的声音有时候好有时候过于挑剔，但好消息是不好的内心声音可以避免，选项D“自我对话可以转化为成长和成功的工具。”承接上文，是对上文好消息的解释，故选D项。
2．下文“Kross’s research on self-distancing offers a powerful solution.(克罗斯关于自我疏远的研究提供了一个强有力的解决方案)”说明是在对存在的问题进行解决，并且是关于内在批评的，选项B“感觉被你内心的批评者压倒了吗”引出下文，先提出问题，再提供解决方案。故选B项。
3．下文“It helps us plan, solve problems, and motivate ourselves. But it can also make us more anxious and hurt our relationships.(它帮助我们计划，解决问题和激励自己。但它也会让我们更加焦虑，伤害我们的关系)”说明内在的声音可以起到好坏两方面的作用，选项A“我们内心的声音是双向的。”引出下文，是对下文的总结，故选A项。
4．上文“Just before bed, journal about a moment where positive self-talk helped you.(睡前，记录一下积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻)”说明睡前要反思，记下积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻，选项G“反思它是如何塑造你的反应的，以及你明天可以做些什么。”承接上文，睡前除了记录积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻，还要反思它是如何塑造你的反应的，并引出下文“Over time, this habit can help reinforce a growth mindset and prepare you to tackle challenges with more confidence.(随着时间的推移，这个习惯可以帮助你加强成长的心态，让你更自信地应对挑战)”。故选G项。
5．上文“By practicing self-distancing, reframing criticism, and reflecting on positive moments, you can turn your inner voice into a source of strength and clarity.(通过练习自我疏远，重新审视批评，反思积极的时刻，你可以把你内心的声音变成力量和清晰的源泉)”说明通过一些做法，把内心的声音转变成力量，选项F“从今天开始——因为你内心的声音决定了你在这个世界上的表现。”承接上文，从今天开始坚持这些具体做法，强调内心声音的重要性。故选F项。
【变式训练】（2025·湖北省十一校高三下学期第二次联考）
We’ve all experienced the frustration of forgetting what we studied yesterday. But memory isn’t just about natural talent. It’s a skill we can improve with smart strategies.
Our brains naturally screen information. We forget 70% of new knowledge within 24 hours if we don’t review it. Your brain serves as a library. Whenever you revisit information, you’re placing it on a more accessible shelf. A student who reviews math formulas (公式) right after class, then before bed, and once more after three days will find them easier to recall during exams. 1
2 When reciting words like “photosynthesis”, simply repeating the spelling often fails quickly. Instead, picture sunlight hitting green leaves while reading a biology textbook. This combines text, imagery, and real-world meaning, activating multiple brain areas at once. Similarly, linking “pineapple” to “pine tree with apples” creates a funny mental image hard to forget for long.
Sleep and calm minds are secret weapons for memory. During deep sleep, the brain reorganizes daytime learning like a librarian sorting books. Research shows students with 7-8 hours of sleep remember 40% more history facts than those who stay up late. 3 Taking slow breaths can protect your mental “library”.
Active practice beats passive reading. Instead of mechanically rereading notes, transform headings into self-test questions: “ 4 ” This forces your brain to search information, strengthening memory pathways. Explaining concepts to friends, like teaching a classmate how to solve equations, uses speech and logic to deepen understanding.
5 By spacing out reviews, creating vivid mental connections, and caring for your brain’s needs, you can turn temporary knowledge into lifelong wisdom—one small, steady step at a time.
A．How do I use this grammar rule in writing
B．This “spaced repetition” makes memories stick.
C．Forgetting is a common human condition without exception.
D．Context turns weak and uncertain memories into permanent ones.
E．Memory mastery is not about studying longer but studying smarter.
F．Improving memory is more focused on holding on to what really counts.
G．Feeling stressed, however, floods the brain with chemicals that damage memory.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．G 4．A 5．E
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些提高记忆力的有效策略，包括定期复习、运用联想记忆、保证睡眠和保持冷静、主动练习等。
1．根据上文“A student who reviews math formulas (公式) right after class, then before bed, and once more after three days will find them easier to recall during exams.( 如果一个学生在课后、睡前、三天后再复习一遍数学公式，他会发现在考试时更容易记住。)”提到学生课后、睡前和三天后复习数学公式的例子，说明了间隔复习的方法。B选项“This “spaced repetition” makes memories stick.( 这种“间隔重复”能让记忆更牢固。)”中的“spaced repetition”与前文的复习方法相呼应，总结了这种间隔复习能使记忆留存的作用，故选B项。
2．根据后文内容“When reciting words like “photosynthesis”, simply repeating the spelling often fails quickly. Instead, picture sunlight hitting green leaves while reading a biology textbook. This combines text, imagery, and real-world meaning, activating multiple brain areas at once. Similarly, linking “pineapple” to “pine tree with apples” creates a funny mental image hard to forget for long.( 当背诵像“光合作用”这样的单词时，简单地重复拼写往往很快就会失败。相反，在阅读生物教科书时，想象阳光照射在绿叶上。它结合了文本、图像和现实世界的含义，同时激活了大脑的多个区域。同样，把“菠萝”和“带苹果的松树”联系起来，会产生一种有趣的印象，让人难以忘怀。)”通过举例说明将单词与具体的图像、实际意义相结合能更好地记忆，即通过上下文情境来加强记忆。D选项“Context turns weak and uncertain memories into permanent ones.( 上下文情境将薄弱且不确定的记忆转化为永久的记忆。)”符合该段主旨，总结该段内容，适合作为该段小标题。故选D项。
3．根据上文“During deep sleep, the brain reorganizes daytime learning like a librarian sorting books. Research shows students with 7-8 hours of sleep remember 40% more history facts than those who stay up late.( 在深度睡眠中，大脑会像图书管理员整理书籍一样重新组织白天的学习。研究表明，睡眠7-8小时的学生比那些熬夜的学生多记住40%的历史事实。)”提到睡眠对记忆的好处，该段主题是睡眠和冷静的头脑对记忆的作用。G选项“Feeling stressed, however, floods the brain with chemicals that damage memory.( 然而，感到压力会使大脑充斥着损害记忆的化学物质。)”与前文形成对比，说明压力对记忆的负面影响，强调了保持冷静的重要性。故选G项。
4．根据上文“Active practice beats passive reading. Instead of mechanically rereading notes, transform headings into self-test questions:( 主动练习胜过被动阅读。不要机械地重读笔记，把标题变成自我测试的问题：)”提到将标题转化为自我测试问题，A选项“How do I use this grammar rule in writing ( 我如何在写作中使用这个语法规则？)”是一个具体的自我测试问题的例子，符合“将标题转化为自我测试问题”这一策略。故选A项。
5．根据后文“By spacing out reviews, creating vivid mental connections, and caring for your brain’s needs, you can turn temporary knowledge into lifelong wisdom—one small, steady step at a time.( 通过间隔复习，建立生动的精神联系，照顾大脑的需要，你可以把暂时的知识变成终身的智慧——一次一小步，一步一步。)”可知，通过这些方法可以将临时知识转化为终身智慧，强调的是学习方法的重要性。E选项“Memory mastery is not about studying longer but studying smarter.( 掌握记忆不是在于学习时间更长，而是学习更明智。)”总结了全文，强调了运用有效策略提高记忆力，而不是单纯延长学习时间。故选E项。
(
) 考点三考查段中句 (
)
设空处在段中，是文中起到承上启下作用的句子。
具体解题步骤如下：
第一步：寻找下句中是否出现人称代词或指示代词，该词与选项存在指代关系。
第二步：瞻前顾后，关注段落小标题。同时重点关注上下句之间的逻辑关系是否存在如例证、解释、递增、转折等关系，寻找表示逻辑关系的衔接词或过渡词。同时，寻找与上句之间是否出现相同或相似的句式结构。
第二步：将选项代入设空处，看与上句和下句之间是否符合逻辑。
如何应对段中句的考查
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
段中设空考查逻辑关系
段中设空主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,是解题时需要重点关注的部分。考生应对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出关键信息。常考逻辑关系如下，
①总分关系：指选项是中心句；
②并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
③递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
④转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
⑤例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。
⑥概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
⑦因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系。
考向 考查段中句
例1（2025 浙江新高考卷·阅读填空节选）
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience involved.
C．The best messages are often simple.
D．Speak directly to what matters to them.
E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
【思维过程】
●38空为段中句。
●看段中句38空下文的内容→ However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)→上句和这个句子内容构成转折关系→G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.→for the first time与already→表现出了转折关系
●故选G
【答案】G　
【解析】38．下文“However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。
例2（2024年新高考I卷）
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【思维过程】
●40空为段中句。
●看段中句40空上文的内容→“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)→下文内容A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)→选项内容应该和上文构成转折关系，和下文构成顺承关系。→D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.→dull和pleasure转折关系---but→a pleasure to read和casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience是顺承关系。
●故选D
【答案】 D
【解析】本题考查转折关系。上文““To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·福建省高中毕业班3月适应模拟）
Patterns are repeated behaviors that shape our daily lives. We follow them when we stick to the same morning routine, react similarly to stress, or face the same conflicts with others. 1 The key is knowing which to keep and which to break.
Harmful patterns, like surfing through social media for hours or avoiding difficult tasks, form because our brains prefer easy and familiar actions. 2 To break such cycles, start small: replace one bad habit with a positive activity, set clear daily goals, and ask friends to support your efforts.
Even good patterns can become problems if we never update them. A study method that worked in high school might not suit college courses. Staying too long with outdated routines limits our ability to adapt. 3 People who refresh their habits regularly tend to solve problems faster and think more creatively. Try this: every few months, review your routines. Ask yourself, “Is this still working Could there be a better way ” 4
As Walt Disney said, “Progress needs change.” Breaking patterns feels uncomfortable at first, but staying stuck in unhelpful habits costs more over time. Begin with manageable steps: wake up 30 minutes earlier, try a new hobby, or write down your thoughts before making decisions. Each change weakens unhelpful patterns and builds confidence to tackle bigger challenges.
5 Keep those that help you grow, but don’t let them become cages. By balancing useful routines with the courage to try new things, we create space for both stability and progress. Track your habits, stay curious, and note: small changes today can lead to big improvements tomorrow.
A．Patterns are very easy to follow.
B．Remember: patterns are tools-not rules.
C．While some patterns help us, others hold us back.
D．In the end, breaking patterns creates space for balance.
E．Sticking to old patterns risks missing better opportunities.
F．Each time we repeat these behaviors, they become harder to change.
G．Simple workspace changes and diverse dialogues stimulate new ideas.
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是模式以及如何对模式进行取舍。
1．根据上文“Patterns are repeated behaviors that shape our daily lives. We follow them when we stick to the same morning routine, react similarly to stress, or face the same conflicts with others.(模式是塑造我们日常生活的重复行为。当我们坚持同样的早晨例行公事，对压力做出类似的反应，或者与他人面临同样的冲突时，我们就会遵循它们)”以及后文“The key is knowing which to keep and which to break.(关键是要知道哪些该保留，哪些该打破)”可知，上文提到了模式的作用，后文提出应该对模式进行取舍，推测本句是在说明要取舍的原因。故C选项“虽然有些模式对我们有帮助，但也有一些模式会阻碍我们”符合语境，故选C。
2．根据上文“Harmful patterns, like surfing through social media for hours or avoiding difficult tasks, form because our brains prefer easy and familiar actions.(有害的模式，比如在社交媒体上浏览几个小时，或者逃避困难的任务，是因为我们的大脑更喜欢简单和熟悉的行为而形成的)”可知，上文提到了有害的模式是如何形成的，推测本句说明这种有害模式对行为的影响。故F选项“每次我们重复这些行为，它们就变得更难改变”符合语境，故选F。
3．根据上文“Staying too long with outdated routines limits our ability to adapt.(在过时的日常生活中停留太久会限制我们的适应能力)”以及后文“People who refresh their habits regularly tend to solve problems faster and think more creatively.(经常刷新习惯的人往往能更快地解决问题，思维也更有创造性)”可知，本句主要说明坚持旧模式所带来的影响，与后文新习惯形成对比。故E选项“坚持旧的模式可能会错过更好的机会”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据上文“Try this: every few months, review your routines. Ask yourself, “Is this still working Could there be a better way ”(试试这个：每隔几个月，回顾一下你的日常生活。问问你自己，“这还管用吗？还有更好的办法吗？”)”可知，上文建议通过自我对话来回顾日常生活，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明其作用。故G选项“简单的工作空间变化和多样化的对话激发新想法”符合语境，故选G。
5．根据后文“Keep those that help you grow, but don’t let them become cages. By balancing useful routines with the courage to try new things, we create space for both stability and progress. Track your habits, stay curious, and note: small changes today can lead to big improvements tomorrow.(保留那些帮助你成长的东西，但不要让它们成为牢笼。通过平衡有用的日常生活和尝试新事物的勇气，我们为稳定和进步创造了空间。跟踪你的习惯，保持好奇心，并注意：今天的小改变会导致明天的大进步)”可知，本段主要说明了要学会利用模式，但不要让它们成为牢笼，勇于尝试新事物。故B选项“记住：模式是工具，而不是规则”符合语境，故选B。
(
) 考点四考查段尾句 (
)
段尾句通常具有，应当注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词。有时，段尾句和段首句呈现出首尾呼应的现象，也是检查选项的一个重要参考。
如何应对段尾句考查
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如therefore、 as a result、 thus、 to sum up、 to conclude、 in a word等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。
考向 考查段尾句
例1（2025 全国II卷）
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___17___
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【思维过程】
●17空为段尾句。
●看段尾句17空上文的内容→ Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.→G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.→构成因果关系，解释了you have more time的原因
●故选G
【答案】G
【解析】17. G 根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及下文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。
例2(2024新课标II卷第37题)
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【思维过程】
●37空为段尾句。
●看段尾句37空上文的内容→Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.→①Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason②only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you→不要跟风旅游→C. Travel for you and no one else.
●故选C
【答案】C
【解析】37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。
例3(2024新课标II卷第38题)
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【思维过程】
●38空为段尾句。
●看段尾句38空上文的内容→On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.→列出正能量的事（很多是小事）→F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
●故选F
【答案】F
【解析】18.根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F “Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·江苏省南通市、宿迁、连云港、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安苏北七市高三第二次调研）
How to appreciate a classic
Classics are often seen as books read by literature majors or intellectuals. They carry a certain air of snobbery (势利) in them. 1 The classics and I began as acquaintances, eventually to friends, and then to close confidantes (密友) with private jokes between us. So how does one approach a classic
Find your classic (era). The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time. 2 Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina. Like all forms of literature, there are genres within the classics selection of a bookstore. By finding your era, there’s always something that may appeal to you.
Read slow and get immersed (沉浸的). Classics aren’t written in our modern tongue. It is written with every mark of the period it was published. As challenging as it may be, I suggest reading your first classic slow. 3 It’s like immersing yourself in a different world. It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it, but you do get it eventually.
4 Once immersed, you rather get a hang of the language, and it is best to read another one. Maybe read a book from the same author. In this way, the next book becomes easier to read. The ease in the language and the context is reward itself and may motivate you to read more classics.
Try again. If the first classic you got was a miss, find another one. You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a child’s classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables. Don’t jump from “I don’t read classics” to “Brother Karamazov” all too sudden. 5
A．Learn more about the author.
B．Reading classics requires pacing.
C．Follow through with another classic.
D．My love for classics was a gradual affair.
E．Allow the book and the language to grow with you.
F．It’s wrong to assume that all classics are created equal.
G．You should treat classics like vegetables and eat them quickly.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．C 5．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉读者如何欣赏经典作品。
1．上文“They carry a certain air of snobbery (势利) in them. (它们身上有一种势利的气质)”提到经典常被贴上“势利”标签，下文“The classics and I began as acquaintances, eventually to friends, and then to close confidantes (密友) with private jokes between us. (经典和我开始是熟人，最终是朋友，然后是亲密的知己，我们之间有私人笑话)”用“从熟人到密友”的比喻说明作者与经典关系的渐进性，D选项“我对古典文学的热爱是循序渐进的。”与后文逻辑一致，解释作者如何逐步接受经典。故选D项。
2．上文“The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time. (经典一词适用于很长一段时间内的各种书籍)”和下文“Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina. Like all forms of literature, there are genres within the classics selection of a bookstore. (并非每一部经典都像托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》那样厚重。像所有形式的文学一样，书店的经典作品中也有流派)”强调经典涵盖不同时代和体裁，并非所有经典都像《安娜·卡列尼娜》那么厚重，F选项“认为所有经典作品生来平等是错误的。”直接呼应这一观点，反驳对经典的刻板印象。故选F项。
3．上文“Read slow and get immersed (沉浸的). Classics aren’t written in our modern tongue. (慢慢读，沉浸其中。经典不是用我们的现代语言写的)”和“As challenging as it may be, I suggest reading your first classic slow. (尽管这可能很有挑战性，但我建议你读一读你的第一本经典慢速读物)”建议读者“慢读”以适应经典的语言风格，下文“It’s like immersing yourself in a different world. It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it, but you do get it eventually. (这就像把自己沉浸在一个不同的世界里。需要一些互动才能掌握它，但你最终会掌握的)”提到“读者沉浸在不同的阅读世界中才能掌握经典著作”，上下文都强调读者通过慢读和沉浸让书籍和语言伴你成长，E选项“让书和语言和你一起成长。”切合语境。故选E项。
4．下文“Once immersed, you rather get a hang of the language, and it is best to read another one. Maybe read a book from the same author. In this way, the next book becomes easier to read. (一旦沉浸其中，你宁愿掌握这门语言，最好读另一本。也许读同一作者的书。这样，下一本书就更容易阅读了)”建议在熟悉语言后“读另一本经典”，尤其是同一作者的作品，C选项“继续读另一本经典。”直接承接前文，说明如何通过连贯阅读加深理解。故选C项。
5．下文“If the first classic you got was a miss, find another one. You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a child’s classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables. Don’t jump from “I don’t read classics” to “Brother Karamazov” all too sudden. (如果你得到的第一个经典作品是错误的，那就再找一个。你甚至可以从更薄的书开始，比如《彼得潘》，或者是儿童经典，比如《爱丽丝梦游仙境》，甚至是《绿山墙的安妮》。不要突然从“我不读经典”跳到“卡拉马佐夫兄弟”)”可知，读经典要选适合自己的，不能操之过急，B选项“阅读经典需要节奏。”切合语境。故选B项。
(
) 考点五 做7选5阅读常用的技巧 (
)
1.利用词汇关系解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
词汇复现：原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现、同源词复现。
识别词汇复现的方法：1.着重阅读空前、空后两句，锁定关键词，在选项中查找关键词。2.正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句的关键词呼应。
2.利用一致关系解题
一致性原则包括：①句式一致：如果文章有小标题，其句式往往统一，多为祈使句或名词短语。通过观察前后段落的小标题句式，可以确定设空处的正确选项。若无小标题，可依据前后段的句首句式，利用句式一致原则进行判断。同样，段中句也可通过上下句式结构的一致性来判断正确答案。
②指代一致：句子中的代词与上下文的名词之间存在一致的指代关系。通过仔细分析空白处前后的名词，可以明确这种指代关系，从而确定正确选项。
③问答一致：在解答7选5题目时，如果选项或文章中出现了疑问句，我们可以通过下文的答语来确定上文的问句内容，反之亦然。
④主从句一致：在考查含状语从句的复合句时，如果空在前，则空白后部分以小写字母开头。找到备选项中不能独立成句的选项，再根据主从句一致原则确定正确答案。
3.利用逻辑关系解题
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
句际逻辑关系
一组意义相关的句子，按照一定的逻辑关系排列起来，就能在语篇中表达一个层次的意思。这种逻辑关系有时是显性的，即运用明显的过渡词语来表达出来；有时是隐性的，即不使用任何过渡词语，仅凭句子的排列顺序来表达。语篇中的句际关系主要有以下诸类。
1） 平列关系
平列关系指句子之间在语义上处于平等并立的地位，互不相属。如果改变句子的排列顺序，并不影响整个语段的意义。例如：
All the people on our block give us trouble. Mrs. Brown calls the police whenever we go to play ball on the street. Mrs. Johnson complains that skateboarding makes too much noise. If we happen to stray into Mr. Hardy's yard, he yells at us.
上面这个语段中，后面三句是平列关系，共同说明“社区所有人都给我们带来麻烦”这一主题。
2)时序关系
时序关系指各个句子只能按事物发展的时间先后顺序排列，不可随意改动次序，常用于描述事件过程或者操作流程。例如：
We had a hard time getting Peter out of the hole he had fallen into. First, we made a rope by linking our belts together. Then we lowered it to Peter, telling him to grasp the end. After he had hold of the rope, we began to pull him slowly out of the hole. As he came up, no one dared to speak a word. Finally, we could grasp him arms, and with a sigh of relief, we pulled him out onto the grassy bank.
上面这个语段中，后五句话是时序关系，共同说明“我们好不容易才把Peter拉出掉进的坑”这一过程。描述中，分别用了first，then，after，as，finally这些描述顺序的关联过渡词语，使得文章脉络清晰。
3) 层递关系
层递关系指句子间按照语义的轻重、认知的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深、由主到次的顺序排列。例如：
I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia (失眠), headache, backache, indigestion (消化不良), constipation (便秘) and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse (更糟糕的是), I've caught a cold, I've got a sore throat, and I'm constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all (最糟糕的是), I had an accident the other day, hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. If I take a long walk, I get short of breath. In fact, I feel more dead than alive.
上面语段中，作者用层层递进的方式描述了自己的不幸遭遇，感到生不如死。to make things worse 和 to crown it all，清楚地表现了这种层递关系。
4)转折关系
转折关系指句子间意义表达发生转折，常用于进行对比、对照。例如：
Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual. A clone is an organism which is genetically identical to another one. But it's now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in experiences and upbringing.(克隆技术通过提取单个细胞的DNA来创造出一个完整的新个体。克隆体在基因上与另一个有机体是相同的。然而，现在可以确定的是，由于经历和成长环境的不同，没有哪个克隆体是一丝不差的复制品。)又例如：
It's tempting to see the life of a journalist as glamorous and exciting, but as with any other occupation, there is a lot of hard work and routine activity. It also depends on what kind of publication you work for. However, each day is different and you will cover a wide range of news stories and features.
5）总分关系
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象，后面的句子紧接着分别他们加以说明。这种组织方式使语段前后呼应，彼此配合，意义表达条理分明。例如：
Friends come in many flavors. There are best friends, school friends, fair-weather friends (顺境朋友), forever friends and many more. Best friends are friends with whom you spend a lot of time and with whom you share all your thoughts and feelings. School friends are different: you see each other in school and you study and have fun together, but you may not know everything about each other. Fair-weather friends are friends who only like you when you are happy or when you are popular. If you are feeling down, or if you are having a problem, fair-weather friends don't want to spend time or talk with you. Forever friends are friends that will always listen to you and try to help you, even if you disagree or if you are having a problem.
这一语段首先提出“朋友有许多种”，然后分别对best friends，school friends，fair-weather friends 和 forever friends 进行解释和说明。
6) 解释关系
解释关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证，从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生动，更有说服力。例如：
Do you know that the average person puts only 25% of his energy and ability into his work That means those who use 50% of their ability really stand out from the rest. And the very few who actually give their full 100% of strength and smarts to their work become the most successful. Many people want the greener grass, but they don't want to pay the higher water bill to get it!
普通人在工作或学习中只投入了25%的精力和能力。根据这一论断，作者进行了引申和阐释：投入50%就会出类拔萃，投入100%就会最成功。最后告诫普通人：草坪要比别家更加翠绿，就要比别人承担更多水费。
7) 因果关系
因果关系指句子之间在逻辑上存在因果联系。在排列方式上，既可以采用前因后果，也可以采用前果后因。例如：
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something out of nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips around the world as well.
8)比拟关系
比拟关系指把深奥抽象的事物比喻为浅显易懂、具体生动的事物。从而达到深入浅出、通俗易懂、形象生动的表达效果。例如：
The surface of the earth is like the skin of an orange, which cannot be spread out flat unless it is torn into strips. That is why flat maps of the whole earth always distort its appearance.
此段把较为抽象的地球表面比拟成人们熟悉的橘子皮，形象地说明了为什么平面地图难以展示地球的真正地貌。
考向1 考查词汇复现
例1原词重复信息
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
A．This isn’t usual though.
B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E．It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F．The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G．This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【解析】本题可用原词重复信息解题，根据本段中多次出现的“gift”可知，该段的主题应该是带礼物。B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”概括了本段内容。B项中的“gift”与下文多次出现的“gift”为原词复现。故选B。
例2代词重复信息
　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈)．__38__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery ...
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【解析】根据设空处后的“In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.”可知，在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以接近大自然。these places应指代设空处提到的地点，G项中的Healing Gardens为these places指代的地点，且Healing为上文中healing的复现，故G项符合语境。
例3派生重复信息
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
__40__ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【解析】本题从两个角度分析：(1)下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词，属于派生词重复信息；(2)本段介绍了阳光的多种好处。D项中的“sunlight”与空格后的“sun’s rays”相呼应，符合逻辑通顺原则。故选D。
例4反义重复信息
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
There is also the matter of tone (语气)．Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day __39__.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
A．Message with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E．Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G．An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【解析】本题可以从两个方面进行考虑：(1)根据空格前一句“谁没有收到令人烦恼的邮件而毁掉一整天？”，及空格后“表情符号可以让交流感觉更友好”可知，此处需要一个句子来承上启下，要从逻辑上进行考虑。B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会让人觉得冷冰冰、不友好”，承上启下，符合语境；(2)根据空格后的“friendlier”和B项中的“unfriendly”语义相反可知，空后是表情符号的优点，空处是没有表情符号的电子邮件的缺点。故选B。
考向2 考查一致关系
例1代词指代一致
（2023新高考I卷39题）
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【解析】39.根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
例2句式一致
（2016高考II卷）
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts 　16　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 　17　
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　18　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　19　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　20　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
16.F考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的But it doesn’t happen by accident.可知，这里讲了“你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的。”故F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too符合语境。
17.A考查小标题。根据下文的a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. 可知，本段主题与你想要种植花园的原因有关，再加上句式特征祈使句。故选A。18. E考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然, 故选E项。19. C考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。20. G考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应,故选G项。
考向3 考查逻辑关系解题
例1转折关系
（2022全国乙卷）
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】40. F。设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F。
例2因果关系
（2020新高考卷）
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 38
A. Do the opposite.
B.Y ou want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【解析】38. C。根据上文中的“So，don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.”可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无需道歉，故C项正确。
例3递进关系
（2023全国甲卷）
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【解析】37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚

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