资源简介 第02讲 阅读理解——记叙文目录01 考情解码·命题预警 202 体系构建·思维可视 303 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4考点一 考查记叙文中的人物和事件的特征 4知识点1描述人物的性格特征 4知识点2 描述作者对事件的态度 5考点二 考查主旨大意 10考向1 考查文章标题 12考向2 考查文章大意 15考向3 考查段落大意 18考点三 考查细节理解题 20考点四 考查写作目的 23考点五 考查猜测词义 2704真题溯源·考向感知 29阅读理解之记叙文年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类2025 全国I卷 人与自我 一位写作教师的教学认知突破之旅全国II卷 人与自我 在医院学校帮助患病儿童进行课业学习2024 新高考I卷 人与社会 美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物新高考II卷 人与社会 旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务浙江卷1月 人与社会 感受电话亭变迁北京卷 人与自我 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性2023 新高考I卷 人与自然 生态机器净化污水新高考II卷 人与社会 Urban Sprouts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。全国甲卷 人与自然 DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能全国乙卷 人与社会 风景摄影师浙江卷1月 人与社会 在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式北京卷 人与自我 作者职业成功的经历天津卷 人与自我 成为了社区管弦乐团的首席2022 新高考II卷 人与社会 孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑全国甲卷 人与社会 Ginni Balinton往南极洲的旅程北京卷 人与社会 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑天津卷 人与自我 获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目考情分析： 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。 2．从命题思路上看： 记叙文最主要的特征是考查人物的性格特征，其次是细节理解，也会考查主旨大意、写作意图等。记叙文阅读材料内容丰富多彩，总是描写正能量的人物形象，传递积极向善的主题思想，有时需要通过语言、场景、人物思想情绪的描写来感悟弦外之音和深化主题。 预计2026年记叙文仍然是命题的必考点。复习过程中要熟练掌握记叙文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功拿下记叙文阅读拿。复习目标 1.掌握记叙文的文体特征。 2.掌握记叙文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领。如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。 3.掌握记叙文选项的常见干扰项的设置特点及应对策略。() 考点一 考查记叙文中的人物和事件的特征知识点1 描述人物的性格特征高考阅读理解中常有描述人物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的事迹、语言、心理等进行描述，进而让考生推测人物的性格特征。把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。【描写人物特征的形容词】generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 需要高技能(或耐性等)的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的 intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; 有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活力的；courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。熟记这些人物特征的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能支撑的事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅速找到正确答案。关于人物的性质特征的描述，在试题题有时出现两个并列的词。例如：Determined and adaptable这时要注意，考生一定要从文章找到两个词的相关依据，不要看到一个词依据就做出判断，这样容易出错。知识点2 描述作者对发生事件的态度高考记叙文阅读理解中常有描述作者对事件的态度阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对文章的整体内容的思考，进而让考生推测作者的写作态度。【解题指导】把描述作者态度的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事实相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。【描写作者态度的形容词】（选项常用词）ambitious有雄心的；undoubted无怀疑的；indifferent冷漠的；unconfident没信心的；uncaring不关心的；worried担心的；satisfied满意的；cautious谨慎的；favorable赞同的；doubtful怀疑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；frightened 害怕的；puzzled迷惑不解的；concerned关心的；happy高兴的；tolerant忍受的；sympathetic同情的； delighted高兴的；carefree无忧无虑的; 无牵挂的; 不负责任的 unclear不清楚的； opposed反对的；appreciative adj.感激的; 感谢的; 欣赏的; 赏识的; suspicious adj.感觉可疑的; 怀疑的; 令人怀疑的; 可疑的; 不信任的; 持怀疑态度的；objective adj.客观的; 就事论事的; 不带个人感情的; 客观存在的; 基于事实的; confused迷惑不解的；conservative adj.保守的; 守旧的; (英国)保守党的；pessimistic悲观的； disapproving不同意的；ambiguous模棱两可的；skeptical怀疑的【考场上的实用方法】熟记这些作者态度的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能的描述事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅速找到正确答案。考向1 考查描述人物的性格特征例1 （2024新课标Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.【思维过程】●题干关键词→What→think of him●文章定位：If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) → odd●解析思维过程→laugh at his unusual methods→ odd→15→A. He’s odd●故选A细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。例2（2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.6. What does the author think of himself A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.【思维过程】●题干关键词→What → think of himself●文章定位：Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.→Digitally competent●解析思维过程→I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.→D. Digitally competent●故选D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。例3 （2025·河北省部分学校高三下学期二轮复习联考（三））At first, Lamm tried to put her phone in a drawer and didn’t look at it for a whole day, which she said “was very inconvenient to everyone in my life”. It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. Her dumbphone offers only basic calling and texting.Still, there are certain things that may feel impossible to navigate without smartphones, since they are more than just texting and scrolling (滚动) through social media. In 2025, these devices function as virtual wallets, health trackers, identification tools, and even personal assistants. However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. “You figure out these solutions by asking,” Lamm said, “like asking the parking company if they can give you another option when you can’t use parking meter (计时器), and a lot of the time they will”21．How can we best describe August Lamm according to the text A．Responsible and strict. B．Determined and adaptable.C．Generous and charitable. D．Fashionable and knowledgeable.【思维过程】●题干关键词→best describe →August Lamm●文章定位：①It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle.→Determined②However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges.→adaptable●解析思维过程→①+②→B．Determined and adaptable●故选B21．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. (她花了大约一年的时间才卖掉自己的智能手机，并完全投入到功能手机的生活方式中。)”以及第三段中“However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. (然而，Lamm已经找到了应对这些挑战的方法。)”可知，August Lamm决心放弃智能手机，并且能够适应没有智能手机的生活，找到应对挑战的方法，说明她是一个有决心且适应能力强的人。故选B。【变式训练·变载体】（2025届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高三下学期适应性考试）节选The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year. With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland.Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global.I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies.I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically. Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.24．Which words best describe the author A．Helpful and determined. B．Cautious and innovative.C．Adventurous and inquisitive. D．Curious and competitive.24．推理判断题。根据第二段“With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland.(在他的支持下，我在日本的一个实验室度过了一个非凡的夏天，这让我渴望更多。所以，我申请了波兰的富布赖特奖学金)”以及第三段“Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled.(依靠谷歌翻译实验室网站，我开始发陌生邮件。当我最终的接待方回复我，并且渴望合作时，我非常激动)”可知，作者在日本有了一次不错的经历后，即便在没有与波兰相关联系，且自身波兰语技能仅为基础水平的情况下，仍大胆申请去波兰的奖学金，并主动发邮件联系实验室，这体现了他的冒险精神（Adventurous），敢于走出舒适区去尝试新的经历。再根据第四段“I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures.(我是我的研究小组接待的第一位来自美国的访问学者，我的波兰同事们很好奇是什么把我带到了他们的国家。这引发了许多关于不同文化中科学研究方式的异同的富有成效的讨论)”和第五段“Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.(同事们讲述了该地区在冷战期间面临的挑战的第一手资料。许多实验室资源有限，而且他们很少用英语发表研究成果。这些条件促成了对噬菌体和抗生素的抗菌治疗的研究，并且波兰在前者方面至今仍处于领先地位)”可知，作者积极参与和同事们的讨论，了解当地科学研究的情况以及地区历史等内容，展现出他强烈的求知欲（inquisitive），对新的知识和文化充满好奇并主动去探索。所以选项C（有冒险精神和求知欲的）最能描述作者，故选C。考向2 考查作者对事件的态度例1 （2024北京卷）When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.【思维过程】●题干关键词→ How→result of the art exam●文章定位：I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.→Discouraged●解析思维过程→ talentless→C. Discouraged●故选C26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream A. Confusing. B. Empowering.C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.【思维过程】●题干关键词→ best describe→ the author’s dream●文章定位：The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. →Empowering●解析思维过程→a form of energy→B. Empowering●故选B【答案】24. C 26. B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。24.推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。26.推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，还给我失去的东西。)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。例2 (2025·云南省昭通市三校高三期中) Owen began his exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching. Once he had those basics down, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Aging well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”10．Which of the following can best describe Owen’s exercising process A．Boring and painful. B．Slow but fruitful.C．Tough and discouraging. D．Complex but ineffective.【思维过程】●题干关键词→ best describe→Owen’s exercising process●文章定位：①Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day.→fruitful②The key is slow and steady progress.→Slow●解析思维过程→①+②→B．Slow but fruitful.●故选B10．细节理解题。根据第四段“In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains.(在不到五年的时间里，欧文能做三组50个俯卧撑，每天步行数英里。是的，他不再感到疼痛了)和倒数第二段“Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”(“把它想象成运动，而不是锻炼，然后开始，”他说。“关键是缓慢而稳定的进展。”)可知，欧文的锻炼过程是缓慢但富有成效的。故选B。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三考前仿真模拟）节选Through the continuous stream of information now available in the modern age, the kids’ young minds were filled with the knowledge of deforestation, forest fires, extinct species, polluted waterways, and celebrities telling them to “do better”. Well-meaning but heavy-handed programs la id these big, scary problems at their feet, and then offered little help to tiny hands. After participating in classes like this for years, I can confidently report that the result of such teaching was often little more than helplessness, and continued disconnection from nature.80．What is the author’s attitude towards the present environmental education A．Ambiguous. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Critical.80．推理判断题。根据第二段“After participating in classes like this for years, I can confidently report that the result of such teaching was often little more than helplessness, and continued disconnection from nature.(经过多年参与这样的课程，我可以自信地报告说，这种教学的结果往往只是无助感，以及与自然的持续脱节)”可知，作者对现有的环保教育持批评态度。故选D。() 考点二 考查主旨大意 ()记叙文主旨要义题解题指导在记叙文的阅读过程中，要注意把握人物的情感发展过程；事件的发展线索；作者思想感情的变化过程以及时间、空间的变化。阅读时做到不漏细节，把准寓意，方能成功。在阅读过程中，找出“5Ws 和 1H”；按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，理解了文章的脉络，理解整个故事。记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。依附原文，切忌主观臆断答题时把握文章的线索，结合文章的主旨大意，切勿主观臆断；主旨大意题避免主观臆断：在阅读原文基础上，仔细甄别选项是否与文章主题有密切联系；涵盖性强：看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。避免以偏概全，范围过大或过小。解题步骤1.通览全局2，关注首尾段落：70%的记叙文在开头点题，结尾升华3.勾画重复出现的关键词（人物行为/情感变化/象征物）4.分析结构 情节发展： 开端 → 发展 → 高潮 → 结局 → 感悟5.情感曲线： 通过形容词/副词捕捉情绪变化（如：frustrated → determined → relieved）6.定位核心要素①主人公的关键抉择或顿悟时刻②人物关系转折点（如：从冲突到和解）③象征物的深层含义（如：broken watch象征时间珍贵）④排除干扰项 错误选项特征： □ 仅概括某个细节（出现具体人名/数字） □ 包含未提及的推论（出现must/only等绝对词） □ 与作者情感基调相悖（如文章悲伤却选乐观选项）实战技巧1.标题关联法：结合文章标题理解主旨（如标题"The Gift"多指情感馈赠而非实物）2.三问检验法：①主要人物经历了什么？②这个经历带来什么改变？③作者想通过这个变化说明什么？④高频词统计：快速统计重复3次以上的名词/动词⑤视角判断：第一人称故事往往包含个人成长主题典型错误规避1.混淆客观事实与主观意图：避免把故事内容当主旨2.过度解读：不添加原文未有元素考向1 考查文章标题例1（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”7. What can be a suitable title for the text A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape【思维过程】●题干关键词→What→ a suitable title●文章定位：①The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles②“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.③ include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden.●解析思维过程→①+②+③→B. Experiencing Country Life●故选B主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。例2(2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷)A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet ArtistsC. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→Which→a suitable title●文章定位：Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）bring about a classroom revolution+promote the teaching of the arts in our schools→A. Bring Artists to Schools●故选A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·广西部分学校高三模拟联考）When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever.In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. The relocation project was a great success.After that, there was Charley, an African elephant in South Africa. Charley had been living in Pretoria Zoo for more than 20 years. Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. Elephants are very sensitive animals. Zoo officials hoped that he could spend his remaining years in a better place. His new home was going to be a private game reserve 200 kilometres away.Charley was captured (捕获) in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. He spent 16 years in a circus and then 23 years at the zoo. It is estimated that he is 42 years old and has been in captivity for 40 years.As an animal rescue specialist, Khalil was selected for this task. Two other doctors, who had participated in Kaavan’s relocation, also joined in. They met Charley two years ago to assess whether he was ready for relocation and to earn his trust.They trained Charley to enter a transport container by using his favourite foods such as pumpkins. To everyone’s surprise, he was ready in less than two weeks.In late August, Charley was moved to the Shambala reserve. At first, he will be kept in a separate area to adapt to the new environment. It is quite rare for captive elephants to be returned to the wild. Khalil praised the zoo and the government. At Shambala, Charley will be free and might recall his early life. He has already started communicating with other elephants.Which of the following is the best title for the text A．The Difficulties Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team Have MetB．Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team’s Success in Elephant RelocationC．Methods of Moving Elephants from One Place to AnotherD．Zoos and Elephant Conservation All Over the World【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever. (在迁移大象这项专业领域中，Amir Khalil博士和他的团队堪称顶尖。这位埃及动物医生的从业经历中，包含着可能是史上最著名的一次大象迁移案例)”可知，文章的核心是Khalil的团队成功迁移大象的事例，他们先救了亚洲象Kavan，后来帮助南非的Charley迁往新家园。因此，B项“Amir Khalil博士和他的团队在大象迁移方面的成功”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。考向2 考查文章大意例1（2023年浙江1月卷）Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.So here is my advice: Lead by action.27．What is the text mainly about A．How to get on well with other family members.B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→mainly about●文章定位：①Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)→②I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)●解析思维过程→①+②→C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.●故选C27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。例2（2018年北京卷） My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a. m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.39. What does the story mainly tell us A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→mainly tell us●文章定位：Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→Determined→free of shame and worldly labels→a great effort of will（选项）→call myself a ＂marathon winner＂→B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.●故选B【答案】39. B39.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·广东省广东省两校高考临门一脚考试）Maybe no one understands the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu was a full-time computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi. He only wrote science fiction in his free time. But it was during this time that his imagination really took off. He did things he might never get to do in real life — like traveling in space, fighting aliens, and visiting faraway planets.Even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, who is 55 years old, probably didn’t expect that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award in 2015. That’s the top prize in science fiction. He might also have never imagined that former US President Barack Obama would read his book The Three-Body Problem, or that he would win the 2018 Arthur C． Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society on November 9 in Washington DC． This was the first time a Chinese writer had ever won this award.In his speech when he accepted the award, Liu said that his imagination came from Arthur C． Clarke, a famous UK sci-fi writer. He said that reading Clarke’s book 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s changed his life.“My mind opened up in a way it never had before. I felt like a small river finally seeing the ocean,” Liu said. “That night, the night sky looked completely different to me. For the first time, I was amazed by how mysterious the universe is.”But even though Liu’s imagination takes him to faraway places, his books always make sense. In The Three-Body Problem, for example, he tells a story about aliens coming to Earth. But instead of just focusing on the aliens, he talks about how different civilizations interact, the rules of survival, and what life means. In another book, The Wandering Earth, he thinks about what will happen when our solar system ends and humans need to find a new home. But all his ideas are based on real science. Liu’s books aren’t just dreams — they’re grounded in facts.What’s the text mainly about A．Liu Cixin’s contributions to science fiction.B．Liu Cixin’s achievements and writing style.C．How Liu Cixin became a sci-fi writer.D．How Liu Cixin started a new sci-fi style.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中的“Even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, who is 55 years old, probably didn’t expect that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award in 2015. He might also have never imagined that former US President Barack Obama would read his book The Three-Body Problem, or that he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society on November 9 in Washington DC. This was the first time a Chinese writer had ever won this award. (即使拥有如此强大的想象力，55岁的刘（慈欣）或许也未曾想到，自己会在2015年成为首位斩获雨果奖的亚洲人。他或许也从未想过，美国前总统巴拉克 奥巴马会阅读他的《三体》，亦或是自己会于11月9日在华盛顿特区斩获 2018 年亚瑟 C 克拉克奖“社会服务想象力奖”。这是中国作家首次获得该奖项)”等信息介绍刘慈欣的成就，并通过其作品内容及第三段中的“In his speech when he accepted the award, Liu said that his imagination came from Arthur C. Clarke, a famous UK sci-fi writer.(在获奖致辞中，刘表示他的想象力源自英国著名科幻作家阿瑟 C 克拉克)”和第五段中的“In The Three-Body Problem, for example, he tells a story about aliens coming to Earth. But instead of just focusing on the aliens, he talks about how different civilizations interact, the rules of survival, and what life means. In another book, The Wandering Earth, he thinks about what will happen when our solar system ends and humans need to find a new home. But all his ideas are based on real science. Liu’s books aren’t just dreams — they’re grounded in facts. (例如，在《三体》中，他讲述了一个外星人来到地球的故事。但他并没有仅仅聚焦于外星人，而是探讨了不同文明如何互动、生存的法则以及生命的意义。在另一部作品《流浪地球》中，他思考了当太阳系终结、人类需要寻找新家园时将会发生什么。但他所有的想法都基于真实的科学。刘的作品并非只是空想 —— 它们是建立在事实基础之上的)”等描述分析其写作风格可知，本文主旨为刘慈欣的成就与写作风格。故选B项。考向3 考查段落大意例1（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城中学高三模拟预测）节选As every author knows, brick walls are everywhere, and when you knock one down, there’s another one. After a few false starts, I coupled with my wonderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight solid months editing and sent the manuscript off. Once again, we received some dressed-up “no’s”, until Rachel, an editor I’d really wanted to work with, read it. Her vision for the book is exactly consistent with mine!84．What does paragraph 5 mainly discuss A．The role of the editor Rachel.B．The author’s collaboration with Nicky.C．The success of the author’s first novel.D．The difficulties faced in getting published.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→paragraph 5 →mainly discuss●文章定位：rick walls are everywhere, and when you knock one down, there’s another one. After a few false starts, I coupled with my wonderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight solid months editing and sent the manuscript off. Once again, we received some dressed-up “no’s”●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→when you knock one down, there’s another one→Once again→ received some dressed-up “no’s”→The difficulties●故选D主旨大意题。根据第五段“As every author knows, brick walls are everywhere, and when you knock one down, there’s another one. After a few false starts, I coupled with my wonderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight solid months editing and sent the manuscript off. Once again, we received some dressed-up “no’s”, until Rachel, an editor I’d really wanted to work with, read it.(正如每位作家所知，障碍无处不在，每当你推倒一堵墙，就会发现另一堵墙。在几次出师不利后，我与出色的经纪人尼基合作。我们花了整整八个月时间编辑手稿，然后将其寄出。我们再次收到一些委婉的“拒绝”，直到我一直渴望合作的编辑雷切尔读了这份手稿)” 可知，该段主要讲述作者在出版书籍过程中遇到的重重困难。故选D。例2（2025·福建省漳州市正兴中学等三校高三最后一模）This Briton has seen many red cabins pass through his workshop in King’s Lynn, eastern England, often broken, with missing glass in the windows or rotten wooden doors. Once the cast iron structure is free of all its components, it is sanded to remove paint and rust (铁锈). The next step is to apply resin (树脂) and sand to remove faults, a tiring process done by hand that can take several days. Finally, the phone box was painted the famous “Post Office Red”.151．What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about A．The functions of the phone boxes.B．The challenges Carl Berg faced.C．The significance of Carl Berg’s work.D．The detailed work of restoring ancient cabins.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→paragraph 5 →mainly about●文章定位：Once the cast iron structure is free of all its components, it is sanded to remove paint and rust (铁锈). The next step is to apply resin (树脂) and sand to remove faults, a tiring process done by hand that can take several days. Finally, the phone box was painted the famous “Post Office Red”.●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→The next step→apply resin (树脂)→ sand to remove faults→a tiring process done by hand→Finally, the phone box was painted→details●故选D主旨大意题。第五段中的“Once the cast iron structure is free of all its components, it is sanded to remove paint and rust (铁锈). The next step is to apply resin (树脂) and sand to remove faults, a tiring process done by hand that can take several days. Finally, the phone box was painted the famous “Post Office Red”.(一旦铸铁结构拆除了所有部件，就会对其进行打磨以去除油漆和铁锈。下一步是涂抹树脂并进行打磨以消除瑕疵，这是一个需要手工完成的累人过程，可能需要几天时间。最后，电话亭会被漆成著名的“邮政红”。)”可知，本段详细描述了修复电话亭的各个步骤。故选D项。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·辽宁省盘锦市名校高三下学期5月大联考）“The idea came from thinking many kids don’t have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located away in between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out,” Berry says. “It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from.” The artist even showed the kids a cotton plant to explain where jeans come from. “It was amazing to see so many confused at the idea,” he recalls. “It enabled educators to talk about how the show turned plants to pants, then back to plants again.”What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about A．Children’s lack of nature knowledge. B．People’s confusion about Berry’s art.C．Process of plant in different periods. D．Motivation of Berry’s artistic creation.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“The idea came from thinking many kids don’t have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located away in between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out,” Berry says. “It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from.” (Berry说：“这个想法来自于想到许多孩子没有自己的花园，想到位于建筑物之间的社区花园，并试图激励他们去寻找它们。这也给了我们一个谈论可持续发展的机会，同时也帮助年轻人思考事物的来源。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Berry艺术创作的动机。故选D项。() 考点三 考查细节理解题 ()知识点 记叙文细节理解题解题指导记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。常见的记叙文有小说、戏剧、传记、新闻报道和日记等类型。无论哪种记叙文，都囊括了事件的时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。记叙的手法写作顺序往往以时间顺序或按照事件的发展顺序来展开。最后升华总结作者的感悟。解题步骤在解答细节理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。例1 （2025年全国I卷）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1 A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→the people mentioned→at the beginning of paragraph 1●文章定位：In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→a cowboy who saved his town→a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak → how my students, who’d created these people→created→D. Fictional characters●故选D24. D细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。例2 （2025年全国II卷）Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.”“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”24. Who does Ho teach at LPCH A. Sick children. B. Young nurses.C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→Who→Ho teach→at LPCH●文章定位：about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover.●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→500 LPCH patients→The hospital school→ Most of Ho’s students will recover→A. Sick children.●故选A这里注意选项A和C区别，有些同学不清楚这两个选项的意思，导致选择出错。Sick children生病的孩子；Medical students医学生4. A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386 室，每年约有500名露西尔 帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生，也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中，约有一半只待一周或更短时间，其他人则会待一年以上。大多数学生最终会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知，Ho在露西尔 帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故选A。25. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation.C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→a characteristic→Ho’s job●文章定位：I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→a coach, an adviser, and a comforter→multiple roles→D. Playing multiple roles.●故选D5. D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. (我是一名教练、一名顾问和一名安慰者，这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知，Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。【变式训练】（2025·河南省新乡市高三三模）In a small village in Sindh, Pakistan, my journey began with a wooden cane, herding buffalo (野牛) along the village’s edge. Life was simple, with mud homes and green fields, yet my dreams were vast. One day, a group of students in uniforms sparked my curiosity. I demanded to see their books, and the illustrations within fueled my imagination. I declared my dream to attend school.The days were filled with the rhythmic sound of buffalo hooves and the earthy smell of the fields. Despite the humble beginnings, my heart longed for the world beyond the village. Months passed in routine until my uncle, a man of few words but great authority, convinced my parents of the value of education. I enrolled in primary school, eager to learn, my mind absorbing every lesson like a sponge.My academic success was met with ridicule when I desired to study in Karachi, a distant city known for its bustling energy and educational institutions. The villagers found it amusing, a boy from the fields dreaming of such heights. Despite depression and a near-tragic moment, my brother’s words, “Your Challenges Are Stepping-Stones to Success,” echoed. I turned to writing, finding comfort and recognition in the pages of my notebook.1．What contributed to the author’s enrollment in primary school A．His uncle’s persuasion on his parents.B．His persistent demand for education.C．The village’s traditional emphasis on education.D．His outstanding academic performance in self-learning.2．How did the villagers react when I expressed my desire to study in Karachi A．They were indifferent to it. B．They made fun of it.C．They supported it cautiously. D．They considered it tough.【答案】AB【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Months passed in routine until my uncle, a man of few words but great authority, convinced my parents of the value of education. I enrolled in primary school(几个月过去了，一切照旧，直到我那位寡言却极具权威的叔叔让我父母相信了教育的价值。我才得以进入小学)” 可知，是叔叔对作者父母的劝说，使得作者能够进入小学。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The villagers found it amusing, a boy from the fields dreaming of such heights.(村民们觉得这很可笑，一个来自田间的男孩竟然梦想如此高远)” 可知，当作者表达想去卡拉奇学习的愿望时，村民们对此加以嘲笑。故选B。() 考点四 考查写作目的 ()知识点 写作目的（1）记叙文写作目的特点：记叙文很重要的特征进行人物描写、环境描写、心理描写，作者总是通过这些手段达到通过描写抒发情感和感慨的作用，所以，记叙文写作目的是被考查的重要特色。（2）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。（3）目的意图题的设问方式What is the main purpose of the author writing the text The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.考向 考查写作目的例1(2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷) The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that " they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.4. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→the author's purpose→having the conversation with the students●文章定位：①I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.→②Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→①+②→A. To collect the water pistol.●故选 A【简单解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。例2（2018年浙江卷6月）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→the author’s purpose→in writing the text●文章定位：when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved→Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.→But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one→A. To remember a great writer●故选 A【简单解析】23.A 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。【变式训练1】（2025·山东省青岛市、淄博市高三下学期二模）The experience lit Avila Pinedo’s passion, inspiring her to serve as an advisor to primary pupils recently. Guiding them through hands-on engineering and programming for a STEM initiative, she said. “Invention is transformational,” witnessing its empowering influence on InvenTeamers and others who realize that applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects, therefore motivating them to further explore education with the belief that invention is accessible to all.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph A．To introduce Avila Pinedo’s future plan.B．To show the prospect of Heart and Sole.C．To acknowledge the InvenTeam’s devotion.D．To stress the nature and impact of invention.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Invention is transformational,” witnessing its empowering influence on InvenTeamers and others who realize that applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects, therefore motivating them to further explore education with the belief that invention is accessible to all.(“发明是变革性的”，见证了它对发明家和其他意识到运用想象力和概念可以开启新前景的人的赋权影响，因此激励他们进一步探索教育，并相信所有人都可以获得发明)”可知，本段目的是强调发明的本质和影响。故选D项。【变式训练2】（2025·安徽省合肥市示范中学高三5月教学质量检测三模）Hussain, a teacher for over 20 years, praised the idea. “Reading often stops in the summer months. What Adil is doing keeps the habit alive. I haven’t seen anything quite like it.” One single mother of four said the free haircuts saved her money and got her children excited about reading. Ten-year-old Zain, holding his favorite book, said, “Reading feels like traveling with your mind.”What is the purpose of paragraph 3 A．To show how people were motivated. B．To present community responses.C．To highlight mobile libraries’ role. D．To stress reading’s power for kids.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hussain, a teacher for over 20 years, praised the idea. (作为一名有20多年教龄的教师，Hussain称赞了这个想法)”以及“One single mother of four said the free haircuts saved her money and got her children excited about reading. (一位有四个孩子的单身母亲说，免费理发为她节省了开支，也让她的孩子们对阅读感到兴奋)”可知，本段呈现了不同人群对Adil这个项目的反应，所以第三段的目的是呈现社区的回应。故选B。() 考点五 考查猜测词义 ()猜测词义猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。一、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。二．根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。三．根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。四．根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。五．根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。六．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。七．根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：考向 考查猜测词义例1（2025全国I卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.【解题思维过程】●题干关键词→staggering→mean●文章定位：diverse topics→turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each→broadened my view and touched my heart→Amazing●故选 B【简单解析】6. B词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。例2（2016年新课标Ⅱ卷）Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I’m just not creati第02讲 阅读理解——记叙文目录01 考情解码·命题预警 202 体系构建·思维可视 303 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4考点一 考查记叙文中的人物和事件的特征 4知识点1描述人物的性格特征 4知识点2 描述作者对事件的态度 5考点二 考查主旨大意 8考向1 考查文章标题 9考向2 考查文章大意 11考向3 考查段落大意 13考点三 考查细节理解题 14考点四 考查写作目的 16考点五 考查猜测词义 1804真题溯源·考向感知 19阅读理解之记叙文年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类2025 全国I卷 人与自我 一位写作教师的教学认知突破之旅全国II卷 人与自我 在医院学校帮助患病儿童进行课业学习2024 新高考I卷 人与社会 美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物新高考II卷 人与社会 旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务浙江卷1月 人与社会 感受电话亭变迁北京卷 人与自我 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性2023 新高考I卷 人与自然 生态机器净化污水新高考II卷 人与社会 Urban Sprouts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。全国甲卷 人与自然 DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能全国乙卷 人与社会 风景摄影师浙江卷1月 人与社会 在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式北京卷 人与自我 作者职业成功的经历天津卷 人与自我 成为了社区管弦乐团的首席2022 新高考II卷 人与社会 孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑全国甲卷 人与社会 Ginni Balinton往南极洲的旅程北京卷 人与社会 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑天津卷 人与自我 获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目考情分析： 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。 2．从命题思路上看： 记叙文最主要的特征是考查人物的性格特征，其次是细节理解，也会考查主旨大意、写作意图等。记叙文阅读材料内容丰富多彩，总是描写正能量的人物形象，传递积极向善的主题思想，有时需要通过语言、场景、人物思想情绪的描写来感悟弦外之音和深化主题。 预计2026年记叙文仍然是命题的必考点。复习过程中要熟练掌握记叙文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功拿下记叙文阅读拿。复习目标 1.掌握记叙文的文体特征。 2.掌握记叙文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领。如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。 3.掌握记叙文选项的常见干扰项的设置特点及应对策略。() 考点一 考查记叙文中的人物和事件的特征知识点1 描述人物的性格特征高考阅读理解中常有描述人物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的事迹、语言、心理等进行描述，进而让考生推测人物的性格特征。把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。【描写人物特征的形容词】generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 需要高技能(或耐性等)的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的 intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; 有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活力的；courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。熟记这些人物特征的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能支撑的事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅速找到正确答案。关于人物的性质特征的描述，在试题题有时出现两个并列的词。例如：Determined and adaptable这时要注意，考生一定要从文章找到两个词的相关依据，不要看到一个词依据就做出判断，这样容易出错。知识点2 描述作者对发生事件的态度高考记叙文阅读理解中常有描述作者对事件的态度阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对文章的整体内容的思考，进而让考生推测作者的写作态度。【解题指导】把描述作者态度的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事实相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。【描写作者态度的形容词】（选项常用词）ambitious有雄心的；undoubted无怀疑的；indifferent冷漠的；unconfident没信心的；uncaring不关心的；worried担心的；satisfied满意的；cautious谨慎的；favorable赞同的；doubtful怀疑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；frightened 害怕的；puzzled迷惑不解的；concerned关心的；happy高兴的；tolerant忍受的；sympathetic同情的； delighted高兴的；carefree无忧无虑的; 无牵挂的; 不负责任的 unclear不清楚的； opposed反对的；appreciative adj.感激的; 感谢的; 欣赏的; 赏识的; suspicious adj.感觉可疑的; 怀疑的; 令人怀疑的; 可疑的; 不信任的; 持怀疑态度的；objective adj.客观的; 就事论事的; 不带个人感情的; 客观存在的; 基于事实的; confused迷惑不解的；conservative adj.保守的; 守旧的; (英国)保守党的；pessimistic悲观的； disapproving不同意的；ambiguous模棱两可的；skeptical怀疑的【考场上的实用方法】熟记这些作者态度的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能的描述事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅速找到正确答案。考向1 考查描述人物的性格特征例1 （2024新课标Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.例2（2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.6. What does the author think of himself A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.例3 （2025·河北省部分学校高三下学期二轮复习联考（三））At first, Lamm tried to put her phone in a drawer and didn’t look at it for a whole day, which she said “was very inconvenient to everyone in my life”. It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. Her dumbphone offers only basic calling and texting.Still, there are certain things that may feel impossible to navigate without smartphones, since they are more than just texting and scrolling (滚动) through social media. In 2025, these devices function as virtual wallets, health trackers, identification tools, and even personal assistants. However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. “You figure out these solutions by asking,” Lamm said, “like asking the parking company if they can give you another option when you can’t use parking meter (计时器), and a lot of the time they will”21．How can we best describe August Lamm according to the text A．Responsible and strict. B．Determined and adaptable.C．Generous and charitable. D．Fashionable and knowledgeable.【变式训练·变载体】（2025届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高三下学期适应性考试）节选The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year. With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland.Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global.I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary (跨学科的) cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies.I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically. Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.24．Which words best describe the author A．Helpful and determined. B．Cautious and innovative.C．Adventurous and inquisitive. D．Curious and competitive.考向2 考查作者对事件的态度例1 （2024北京卷）When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.例2 (2025·云南省昭通市三校高三期中) Owen began his exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching. Once he had those basics down, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Aging well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”10．Which of the following can best describe Owen’s exercising process A．Boring and painful. B．Slow but fruitful.C．Tough and discouraging. D．Complex but ineffective.【变式训练·变载体】（2025·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三考前仿真模拟）节选Through the continuous stream of information now available in the modern age, the kids’ young minds were filled with the knowledge of deforestation, forest fires, extinct species, polluted waterways, and celebrities telling them to “do better”. Well-meaning but heavy-handed programs la id these big, scary problems at their feet, and then offered little help to tiny hands. After participating in classes like this for years, I can confidently report that the result of such teaching was often little more than helplessness, and continued disconnection from nature.80．What is the author’s attitude towards the present environmental education A．Ambiguous. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Critical.() 考点二 考查主旨大意 ()记叙文主旨要义题解题指导在记叙文的阅读过程中，要注意把握人物的情感发展过程；事件的发展线索；作者思想感情的变化过程以及时间、空间的变化。阅读时做到不漏细节，把准寓意，方能成功。在阅读过程中，找出“5Ws 和 1H”；按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，理解了文章的脉络，理解整个故事。记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。依附原文，切忌主观臆断答题时把握文章的线索，结合文章的主旨大意，切勿主观臆断；主旨大意题避免主观臆断：在阅读原文基础上，仔细甄别选项是否与文章主题有密切联系；涵盖性强：看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。避免以偏概全，范围过大或过小。解题步骤1.通览全局2，关注首尾段落：70%的记叙文在开头点题，结尾升华3.勾画重复出现的关键词（人物行为/情感变化/象征物）4.分析结构 情节发展： 开端 → 发展 → 高潮 → 结局 → 感悟5.情感曲线： 通过形容词/副词捕捉情绪变化（如：frustrated → determined → relieved）6.定位核心要素①主人公的关键抉择或顿悟时刻②人物关系转折点（如：从冲突到和解）③象征物的深层含义（如：broken watch象征时间珍贵）④排除干扰项 错误选项特征： □ 仅概括某个细节（出现具体人名/数字） □ 包含未提及的推论（出现must/only等绝对词） □ 与作者情感基调相悖（如文章悲伤却选乐观选项）实战技巧1.标题关联法：结合文章标题理解主旨（如标题"The Gift"多指情感馈赠而非实物）2.三问检验法：①主要人物经历了什么？②这个经历带来什么改变？③作者想通过这个变化说明什么？④高频词统计：快速统计重复3次以上的名词/动词⑤视角判断：第一人称故事往往包含个人成长主题典型错误规避1.混淆客观事实与主观意图：避免把故事内容当主旨2.过度解读：不添加原文未有元素考向1 考查文章标题例1（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”7. What can be a suitable title for the text A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape例2(2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷)A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet ArtistsC. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher【变式训练·变载体】（2025·广西部分学校高三模拟联考）When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever.In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. The relocation project was a great success.After that, there was Charley, an African elephant in South Africa. Charley had been living in Pretoria Zoo for more than 20 years. Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. Elephants are very sensitive animals. Zoo officials hoped that he could spend his remaining years in a better place. His new home was going to be a private game reserve 200 kilometres away.Charley was captured (捕获) in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. He spent 16 years in a circus and then 23 years at the zoo. It is estimated that he is 42 years old and has been in captivity for 40 years.As an animal rescue specialist, Khalil was selected for this task. Two other doctors, who had participated in Kaavan’s relocation, also joined in. They met Charley two years ago to assess whether he was ready for relocation and to earn his trust.They trained Charley to enter a transport container by using his favourite foods such as pumpkins. To everyone’s surprise, he was ready in less than two weeks.In late August, Charley was moved to the Shambala reserve. At first, he will be kept in a separate area to adapt to the new environment. It is quite rare for captive elephants to be returned to the wild. Khalil praised the zoo and the government. At Shambala, Charley will be free and might recall his early life. He has already started communicating with other elephants.Which of the following is the best title for the text A．The Difficulties Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team Have MetB．Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team’s Success in Elephant RelocationC．Methods of Moving Elephants from One Place to AnotherD．Zoos and Elephant Conservation All Over the World考向2 考查文章大意例1（2023年浙江1月卷）Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.So here is my advice: Lead by action.27．What is the text mainly about A．How to get on well with other family members.B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.例2（2018年北京卷） My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a. m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.39. What does the story mainly tell us A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【变式训练·变载体】（2025·广东省广东省两校高考临门一脚考试）Maybe no one understands the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu was a full-time computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi. He only wrote science fiction in his free time. But it was during this time that his imagination really took off. He did things he might never get to do in real life — like traveling in space, fighting aliens, and visiting faraway planets.Even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, who is 55 years old, probably didn’t expect that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award in 2015. That’s the top prize in science fiction. He might also have never imagined that former US President Barack Obama would read his book The Three-Body Problem, or that he would win the 2018 Arthur C． Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society on November 9 in Washington DC． This was the first time a Chinese writer had ever won this award.In his speech when he accepted the award, Liu said that his imagination came from Arthur C． Clarke, a famous UK sci-fi writer. He said that reading Clarke’s book 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s changed his life.“My mind opened up in a way it never had before. I felt like a small river finally seeing the ocean,” Liu said. “That night, the night sky looked completely different to me. For the first time, I was amazed by how mysterious the universe is.”But even though Liu’s imagination takes him to faraway places, his books always make sense. In The Three-Body Problem, for example, he tells a story about aliens coming to Earth. But instead of just focusing on the aliens, he talks about how different civilizations interact, the rules of survival, and what life means. In another book, The Wandering Earth, he thinks about what will happen when our solar system ends and humans need to find a new home. But all his ideas are based on real science. Liu’s books aren’t just dreams — they’re grounded in facts.What’s the text mainly about A．Liu Cixin’s contributions to science fiction.B．Liu Cixin’s achievements and writing style.C．How Liu Cixin became a sci-fi writer.D．How Liu Cixin started a new sci-fi style.考向3 考查段落大意例1（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城中学高三模拟预测）节选As every author knows, brick walls are everywhere, and when you knock one down, there’s another one. After a few false starts, I coupled with my wonderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight solid months editing and sent the manuscript off. Once again, we received some dressed-up “no’s”, until Rachel, an editor I’d really wanted to work with, read it. Her vision for the book is exactly consistent with mine!84．What does paragraph 5 mainly discuss A．The role of the editor Rachel.B．The author’s collaboration with Nicky.C．The success of the author’s first novel.D．The difficulties faced in getting published.例2（2025·福建省漳州市正兴中学等三校高三最后一模）This Briton has seen many red cabins pass through his workshop in King’s Lynn, eastern England, often broken, with missing glass in the windows or rotten wooden doors. Once the cast iron structure is free of all its components, it is sanded to remove paint and rust (铁锈). The next step is to apply resin (树脂) and sand to remove faults, a tiring process done by hand that can take several days. Finally, the phone box was painted the famous “Post Office Red”.151．What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about A．The functions of the phone boxes.B．The challenges Carl Berg faced.C．The significance of Carl Berg’s work.D．The detailed work of restoring ancient cabins.【变式训练·变载体】（2025·辽宁省盘锦市名校高三下学期5月大联考）“The idea came from thinking many kids don’t have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located away in between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out,” Berry says. “It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from.” The artist even showed the kids a cotton plant to explain where jeans come from. “It was amazing to see so many confused at the idea,” he recalls. “It enabled educators to talk about how the show turned plants to pants, then back to plants again.”What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about A．Children’s lack of nature knowledge. B．People’s confusion about Berry’s art.C．Process of plant in different periods. D．Motivation of Berry’s artistic creation.() 考点三 考查细节理解题 ()知识点 记叙文细节理解题解题指导记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。常见的记叙文有小说、戏剧、传记、新闻报道和日记等类型。无论哪种记叙文，都囊括了事件的时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。记叙的手法写作顺序往往以时间顺序或按照事件的发展顺序来展开。最后升华总结作者的感悟。解题步骤在解答细节理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。例1 （2025年全国I卷）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1 A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.例2 （2025年全国II卷）Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.”“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”24. Who does Ho teach at LPCH A. Sick children. B. Young nurses.C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents.这里注意选项A和C区别，有些同学不清楚这两个选项的意思，导致选择出错。Sick children生病的孩子；Medical students医学生25. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation.C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles.【变式训练】（2025·河南省新乡市高三三模）In a small village in Sindh, Pakistan, my journey began with a wooden cane, herding buffalo (野牛) along the village’s edge. Life was simple, with mud homes and green fields, yet my dreams were vast. One day, a group of students in uniforms sparked my curiosity. I demanded to see their books, and the illustrations within fueled my imagination. I declared my dream to attend school.The days were filled with the rhythmic sound of buffalo hooves and the earthy smell of the fields. Despite the humble beginnings, my heart longed for the world beyond the village. Months passed in routine until my uncle, a man of few words but great authority, convinced my parents of the value of education. I enrolled in primary school, eager to learn, my mind absorbing every lesson like a sponge.My academic success was met with ridicule when I desired to study in Karachi, a distant city known for its bustling energy and educational institutions. The villagers found it amusing, a boy from the fields dreaming of such heights. Despite depression and a near-tragic moment, my brother’s words, “Your Challenges Are Stepping-Stones to Success,” echoed. I turned to writing, finding comfort and recognition in the pages of my notebook.1．What contributed to the author’s enrollment in primary school A．His uncle’s persuasion on his parents.B．His persistent demand for education.C．The village’s traditional emphasis on education.D．His outstanding academic performance in self-learning.2．How did the villagers react when I expressed my desire to study in Karachi A．They were indifferent to it. B．They made fun of it.C．They supported it cautiously. D．They considered it tough.() 考点四 考查写作目的 ()知识点 写作目的（1）记叙文写作目的特点：记叙文很重要的特征进行人物描写、环境描写、心理描写，作者总是通过这些手段达到通过描写抒发情感和感慨的作用，所以，记叙文写作目的是被考查的重要特色。（2）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。（3）目的意图题的设问方式What is the main purpose of the author writing the text The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.考向 考查写作目的例1(2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷) The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that " they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.4. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.例2（2018年浙江卷6月）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【变式训练1】（2025·山东省青岛市、淄博市高三下学期二模）The experience lit Avila Pinedo’s passion, inspiring her to serve as an advisor to primary pupils recently. Guiding them through hands-on engineering and programming for a STEM initiative, she said. “Invention is transformational,” witnessing its empowering influence on InvenTeamers and others who realize that applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects, therefore motivating them to further explore education with the belief that invention is accessible to all.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph A．To introduce Avila Pinedo’s future plan.B．To show the prospect of Heart and Sole.C．To acknowledge the InvenTeam’s devotion.D．To stress the nature and impact of invention.【变式训练2】（2025·安徽省合肥市示范中学高三5月教学质量检测三模）Hussain, a teacher for over 20 years, praised the idea. “Reading often stops in the summer months. What Adil is doing keeps the habit alive. I haven’t seen anything quite like it.” One single mother of four said the free haircuts saved her money and got her children excited about reading. Ten-year-old Zain, holding his favorite book, said, “Reading feels like traveling with your mind.”What is the purpose of paragraph 3 A．To show how people were motivated. B．To present community responses.C．To highlight mobile libraries’ role. D．To stress reading’s power for kids.() 考点五 考查猜测词义 ()猜测词义猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。一、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。二．根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。三．根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。四．根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。五．根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。六．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。七．根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：考向 考查猜测词义例1（2025全国I卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.例2（2016年新课标Ⅱ卷）Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I’m just not creative."7. What does the underlined word "downside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean A. Mistake. B. Drawback.C. Difficulty. D. Burden.【变式训练】（2025届湖南省邵阳市高考信息卷（二））After ten minutes on the mountain road, I looked at her anxiously. “I thought you said three minutes.” She grinned, “This is a detour.”Ten minutes later, we turned down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked through towering evergreens. Then we turned a corner and stopped—and I gasped in amazement.The word “detour” in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A．a shortcut B．a sudden stopC．a longer route D．a straight path1. 【2024浙江1月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago， right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to A. The play. B. The shared house.C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006 A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.6. What do we know about the “mini community library” A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.7. Why did the author start to use the “library” A. He wanted to borrow some love stories.B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.C. He found there were excellent free books.D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.7. What is the basis for John’s work A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.3.【2023年全国乙卷】 Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.6. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.4.【2023年全国甲卷】Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1 A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.27. What trend in DIY does the research show A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.5.【2023年北京卷】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara DesertC. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing27. What can we learn from this passage A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.6.【2022年北京卷】My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical27. What can we learn from this passage A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.7.【2022年浙江卷6月】Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official.C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.3. How did the summer job benefit the author A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.8.【2022年浙江卷1月】 For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was bom of the financial crisis （危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.Merebeth*s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, *'When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.Why did Merebeth changed her job She wanted to work near her home.She was tired of working in the office.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.Her former employer was out of business.The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to make money. B. try various jobs.C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.3 What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job She has chances to see rare animals.She works hard throughout the year.She relies on herself the whole time.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.9.【2022年浙江卷6月】Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official.C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.3. How did the summer job benefit the author A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.10.【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Rasp 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2026年高考英语第一轮复习（全国通用）第02讲阅读理解——记叙文（复习讲义）（学生版）.docx 2026年高考英语第一轮复习（全国通用）第02讲阅读理解——记叙文（复习讲义）（教师版）.docx
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