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第04讲 选修一~选修二词汇
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一选修一核心知识 4
知识点1 读单词、识词义
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练
考点二选修二核心知识 21
知识点1 读单词、识词义
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练
教材词汇 课标词汇 2025：, ; (熟词生义)； 2024:confirm；guidance(派生词)；digital； professionally（派生词） 2023:rental,erase,statistician,bimonthly; fiberglass, ecosystem,checkpoint; mind(n.-v.); leaf(n.-v.); tear(n.-v.); average(n.-v.); touch(v.-n.); 新高考词汇难度增大。2025年新高考I卷为例，不包含听力部分和问题部分，总词数便达2600词。其中包括很多派生词。新高考II卷包含听力部分试卷总词数达2904词。读后续写部分要求读写结合，需要更多的词汇积累和输出。这个数词基本与2024年持平，但对于词汇的活用有增无减。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。
复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，新教材单词表为蓝本，以近三年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。
考点一 选修一核心知识
Unit 1 Laugh out Loud!
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．mood n．
2．ankle n．
3．essential adj.
4．deserve v．
5．shave n．
6．fellow n．
7．spot n．
8．whisper v．
9．complicated adj.
10．circus n．
11．curly adj.
12．clown n．
13．barber n．
14．brand n．
15．concept n．
16．roar v．
17．illuminatev．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
amusement n．娱乐，消遣→ vt.使发笑→ adj.有趣的；逗人笑的
→ adj.觉得好笑的；愉快的，开心的
2．entertain v．使快乐→ adj.使人愉快的→ n．娱乐；招待
3．examine v．检查(身体)→ n．考试；检查
4．advertisement n．广告→ v．做广告
5．employer n．雇用者，雇主→ v．雇用→ n．雇员
6．impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象→ n．印象
7．fame n．名声，名誉→ adj.著名的
8．remark n．言论；意见，评论→ adj.显著的
9．interaction n．交流→ v．交流，互动
10．cruel adj.残忍的→ n．残忍
11．gently adv.温和地；轻柔地→ adj.温和的；文雅的
12．conclude v．结束，终止→ n．结论
13．composer n．作曲家→ v．作曲
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．I ________ (impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.
2．It is essential that students ________（get） themselves prepared for the coming future.
3．He’s ________(essential) a very man.
4．His gentleness has given me a deep ________(impress).
5．He came to the ________(conclude)that the machine was out of order.
6．This programme was set up with the ________(intend) of providing help for homeless people.
7．This book is intended ________ the general readers rather than the students.
8．When I saw them ________(whisper)to each other, I knew there was something funny going on.
9．How I regretted arguing ________ her ________ the important question, which made us all unhappy.
10．We had an ________(argue)with the waiter over the bill.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·青海西宁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emotional eating is eating as a way 1 (ease) negative emotions, such as stress, anger, fear, boredom, sadness and loneliness. Major life events or, more 2 (common), the troubles of daily life can arouse negative emotions that lead to emotional eating and disturb your weight-loss 3 (effort).
Although some people eat less in the face 4 strong emotions, if you’re in emotional distress you might turn to impulsive or binge (暴饮暴食) eating, quickly consuming whatever is convenient without 5 (enjoy).
In fact, your emotions can become so tied to your eating habits that you automatically reach for a treat whenever you’re angry or 6 (stress) without thinking about what you’re doing.
Food also 7 (serve) as a distraction. If you’re worried about an upcoming event or 8 conflict, for instance, you may focus on eating comfort food instead of dealing with the painful situation.
Whatever emotions drive you to eat more, the end result is often the same. The effect is temporary, the emotions return 9 you likely then bear the additional burden of guilt about 10 (set) back your weight-loss goal. This can also lead to an unhealthy cycle.
（24-25高二下·辽宁阜新·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We’ve all heard that laughter is the best medicine, and it’s true. Laughter makes you feel better and it’s also good for your relationships. Laughter brings people closer, and is a 1 (power) tool for making you relax when feelings are running high. Whether with your friends and family, or co-workers, you can learn to use humor 2 (solve) disagreements, lower everyone’s stress levels, and communicate in a way that deepens the 3 (relationship).
Humor plays an important role 4 all kinds of relationships. In new relationships, humor can be a useful tool not just for 5 (attract) the other person but also for getting over any awkwardness (尴尬)arising when we get to know each other. In old relationships, humor can keep things more exciting and fresher.
Sharing the pleasure of humor 6 (create) a sense of closeness and connection between two people — qualities 7 are signs of strong and successful relationships. When you laugh with one another, you create 8 positive relationship between you, which acts as a strong buffer (缓冲剂) against stress, disagreements and disappointments in your relationship. And laughter is spreading — just 9 (hear) someone laugh often makes you smile 10 (happy) and join in the fun.
Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．overnight adv.
2．nevertheless adv.
3．best-seller n．
4．classic n．
5．endurance n．
6．cucumber n．
7．companionship n．
8．fingertip n．
9．workaday adj.
10．perfume n．
11．debt n．
12．pace n．
13．guarantee v．
14．outcome n．
15．blanket n．
16．contest n．
17．upset adj.
18．outlinen．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．inform v．通知，告知→ n．信息
2．rarely adv.很少，难得→ adj.稀有的
3．rejection n．拒绝，否决→ v．拒绝，否决
4．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→ n．坚持
5．criticism n．批评；指责→ v．批评
6．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→ n．高兴 vt.使高兴→ adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
7．worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的→ adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
→ adj.值得的
8．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→ n．热情
9．elect v．选举，推选→ n．选举
10．blessing n．幸事，幸运→ v．为……祝福
11．appreciative adj.感激的→ v．感激→ n．感激；欣赏
12．mere adj.仅仅，只不过→ adv.仅仅，只
13．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→ adj.温和的→ adv.温和地
14．permanent adj.长久的；永久的→ adv.永久地
15．literary adj.文学的→ n．文学
16．embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→ vt.使尴尬→ adj.令人尴尬的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．My teachers keep parents _____________ (inform) of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.
2．The________(embarrass) look on her face showed that she hadn’t expected my arrival.
3．In this chapter, I will attempt ________ (explain) what led up to cultural difference.
4．As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _______ (inform) of what is happening around the world.
5．Once I realized I was in control, I quit______ （try）to get more of it.
6．As a child, sometimes social occasions were __________for me. I would feel __________when among strangers. After several years of volunteer work in community, such __________ disappeared. (embarrassed)
7．He was quite proud of his ______ (literature) achievements.
8．The club is careful not to let the younger players be overexposed, and __________ allows them to be interviewed. (rare)
9．To our great _______(delighted), it worked perfectly.
10．I’ve just been so busy studying and trying ________ (absorb) all the new things around me.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（24-25高三上·福建三明·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Everyone has their dreams. Some people want to be rich, dreaming of becoming millionaires overnight. Others want to be famous, dreaming of suddenly jumping to great fame. I have a dream, too. When I was a young girl, I dreamed of becoming a scientist like Hua Luogeng, 1 was a great Chinese mathematician.
However, I knew that I could not be 2 (success) without great efforts. So I studied hard in middle school and college in order to realize my dream.
After graduating 3 college five years ago, I 4 (find) a job as a teacher. Although I was very busy 5 (teach), I never gave up my goal. I read a lot of books 6 (get) more knowledge. I made many 7 (experiment) to practise and apply what I had learned from books. Sometimes, I was so 8 (deep) indulged (沉迷) in my research that I forgot my meals and time.
Now I have made great progress. Several of my research papers have been published. The methods 9 (write) in my papers have been proven to be valuable. I am very happy. The ladder of becoming a scientist is still far ahead, 10 I have climbed the first step anyway.
（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An armless rockstar traveled the world playing music on a bass guitar — using only his toes.
Music-lover Mark Goffeney, from San Diego, California, was born without arms but made up his mind 1 (follow) his dream in the music industry.
Teaching himself the basics, Mark kick-started his life as a musician on the streets — performing for and entertaining both locals and 2 (tourist).
Later he went from street to stage and played in a 3 (success) band, while his solo performances took 4 (he) across Europe and Asia.
Mark was raised by a musical family and by the age of nine he was already working on his own music, as well as acting 5 a poster child for several charities (慈善机构). It is estimated (估计) that the musician raised more than $13m for children’s charities.
Musically, Mark started out by playing the trombone (长号) in a school band until his father brought home an old guitar 6 was missing two strings. Deciding that it would be a challenge to learn, Mark took up the instrument and 7 (begin) practicing.
He said: “Through 8 (learn) to play the guitar, I thought I could 9 (actual) get other people to feel the way I feel about certain types of music. I like rock and can draw a crowd and get people singing. I don’t do what I do as a way 10 asking for help — I am here to entertain.”
Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．backboard n．
2．bump n．
3．bounce v．
4．teammate n．
5．footstep n．
6．philosophy n．
7．self-belief n．
8．hoop n．
9．yoga n．
10．spiker n．
11．burst v．
12．quarter-final n．
13．comeback n．
14．semi-final n．
15．nerve n．
16．ingredient n．
17．teamwork n．
18．tournament n．
19．cheat v．
20．net n．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的→ v．闪光
2．association n．协会，社团→ vt.联系
3．muddy adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的→ n．泥
4．shot n．投球，射球，击球→ v．射击，射中
5．sharpen vt.使提高，使改进→ adj.尖的，锋利的
6．expectation n．预料，预期→ v．预料，期待
7．remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的→ v．谈论
8．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的→ adv.生动地
9．assign v．分配，分派→ n．分配的任务
10．steely adj.钢铁般的；坚定的→ n．钢铁
11．cooperation n．合作，协作→ v．合作，协作
12．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的→ n．紧张
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．They still carried on__________(walk) to the park in spite of the bad weather.
2．The ball ________ (bounce) across the ground and rolled up to my feet.
3．Police were reported _____________(seize) all copies of this morning’s edition of the newspaper.
4．Our school won’t tolerate____________(cheat) in exams. If caught, you will get severely punished.
5．The success of our plan depends on your ________(cooperate).
6．___________(encourage) children to stay in touch with nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.
7．Her encouragement determined me __________(carry) on with the work.
8．Ann __________(sharpen) her pencil and took out her homework.
9．She’s going to India on a special ________ (assign) for her newspaper.
10．Work hard, and all your efforts will pay _________.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On behalf of his hometown team from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Rozimemet Turghun, an 18-year-old teenager whose parents made a living from herding, 1 (stand) among more than 4,000 competitors at the second Vocational Skills Competition.
Although he didn’t win a medal in the mobile robotics competition, his 2 (enthusiastic) never faded. When he was in hometown, he developed a preference for repairing household electronics. Even 3 instructions, he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios. After 4 (leave) senior high school, he studied at Aksu Technical College.
The chance came last year, 5 Zhao Pengfei, vice-dean of the electrical and mechanical engineering department, started organizing a team for a skills competition. Rozimemet Turghun’s 6 (impress) abilities caught Zhao’s eye. He 7 (choose) to join the team, and focused on technologies 8 (relate) to industrial robot applications. The competition was 9 (obvious) a challenge for someone with little experience with computers. Rozimemet Turghun acquired the skills, memorized the position of each part and practiced each step, day and night.
One month later, he and his teammate won a bronze during the Xinjiang tryout for the second Vocational Skills Competition. They surprised everyone by completing a mobile robot in just 2 hours and 12 minutes, 10 achievement that would have been beyond his wildest dreams. He hoped to sharpen his skills and step onto even broader stages.
（2025高三·全国·专题练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
On the evening of May 25th, 2025, the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha 1 (witness) a glorious moment. Wang Chuqin, 2 was born in 2000, stepped onto the stage of the men’s singles final. His opponent was Hugo Calderano from Brazil.
From the start of the match, Wang Chuqin showed great 3 (confident) and excellent skills. He won the first set with a score of 11 - 9. In the second set, Hugo fought back tenaciously and won 12-10. But this didn’t disrupt Wang Chuqin’s rhythm. He adjusted his strategy in time and won the next three sets 4 (consecutive). Finally, he defeated Hugo 4-1 and 5 (claim) the men’s singles championship.
Before this victory, Wang Chuqin 6 (encounter) numerous difficulties and setbacks. In previous major tournaments, he sometimes lost crucial matches, 7 brought him great pressure. But he never gave up. He trained even harder, working on his serve, return, and overall playing strategy. His coaches also provided him 8 patient guidance and support.
This victory is not only a personal achievement for Wang Chuqin but also a milestone for the Chinese table tennis team. As the first post-00s men’s singles world champion, he 9 (demonstrate) the strength and potential of the new-generation Chinese table tennis players. His success will surely inspire more young people 10 (pursue) their dreams in the field of table tennis.
Unit 4 Meeting the Muse
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．quote n．
2．Dutch adj.
3．float v．
4．crouch v．
5．peacock n．
6．princess n．
7．ethnic adj.
8．abstract adj.
9．awe-inspiring adj.
10．installation n．
11．cable n．
12．wire fence
13．Greek adj.
14．literally adv.
15．technician n．
16．animation n．
17．folk adj.
18．tale n．
19．wire n．
20．trend n．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．motion n．动，运动→ adj.一动不动的
2．compose v．作(曲)→ n．作曲家
3．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的→ v．创新，改革→ n．革新，创新
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The fundamental purpose of Silkroad is (bring) people from across the globe together to play and listen to music.
2．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability.
3．When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water (literal) took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.
4．As is known to all, difficulties can bring a person’s best qualities. (用适当的词填空)
5．In contrast city life, time seems to pass very slowly in the countryside.
6．We can see that he is satisfied with the (satisfy) grades.
7．We got a little (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
8．Parents put the books on the bottom shelf so that they were (access) to their kids.
9．In life, we are occasionally supported by the people around us, of we are sometimes unaware.
10．The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to take more (responsible) for the education of their children.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·山西太原·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Xiaoming (1980-) is one of the most outstanding contemporary Chinese figures in the field of artificial intelligence robot manufacturing, 1 has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers.
He developed an interest in robotics at 2 very young age. With intense passion and unremitting efforts, he 3 (master) advanced technologies in robot programming, mechanical design, and sensor applications. One of the 4 (individual) who had a crucial influence on Wang Xiaoming was Professor Li, a renowned robotics expert from a top-tier university in China.
Wang Xiaoming is well-known in the robotics industry for the innovation and high-efficiency that he has brought to various types of robots, such as service robots, industrial robots, 5 educational robots. In recent years, he has shifted his research focus to humanoid robots and robots for medical care.
Notably, Wang Xiaoming is famous for developing a series of intelligent service robots that can interact with humans naturally. In 2020, he 6 (select) as the leader of the National Robot Innovation Team and 7 (brief) served as the chief consultant of the China Robotics Association, 8 was founded in 2015.
In summary, by 9 (utilize) cutting-edge algorithms, high-precision sensors, and advanced materials, Wang Xiaoming has succeeded in creating intelligent and practical robots that have improved people’s lives and promoted industrial development. Wang Xiaoming’s works continue to inspire the robotics community with their unique combination of traditional Chinese engineering wisdom and modern AI technologies, 10 (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics.
（2025·辽宁鞍山·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Unlike traditional institutions, a museum devoted to the Eighth Route Army in Wuxiang country, Shanxi, tells history in a creative way, 1 (combine) historical narration with modern technology. Instead of physical craftwork, it features a “growing” exhibition space powered by AI and real-time data updates, and 2 (attract) 24,000 visitors so far.
Inside the museum, visitors can interact with digital characters of revolutionary heroes, listen to AI-narrated stories, 3 even step into virtual battlefields. In the Heroes of Taihang section, AI brings 40 colored portraits of local heroes including Wang Jiuhuan, who fought disguised (伪装) as a man 4 life. Among the portraits are a few blank frames, 5 honor unknown heroes. A digital map highlights 1,190 historical sites with 3D battle recreations. Meanwhile, a digital guide named Yang Hongxing, who 6 (dress) in an Eighth Route Army uniform, helps visitors 7 (thorough) explore the revolutionary history.
The museum also offers 8 (interact) experiences like real-time wartime poster creation, e-book reading, quizzes and personalized video making. As Ye Jian, the curator, emphasizes, digitization connects Red culture with young 9 (audience). With Red culture as its core, Wuxiang aims to take a series of measures in 10 hope of becoming a national demonstration zone for the integrated development of Red culture tourism.
Unit 5 Revealing Nature
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．disgrace n．
2．beak n．
3．suspect v．
4．ancestor n．
5．evolution n．
6．generate v．
7．tortoise n．
8．primitive adj.
9．goat n．
10．giant adj.
11．giant tortoise
12．comb-like adj.
13．myth n．
14．legend n．
15．pesticide n．
16．cybercrime n．
17．seed n．
18．sample n．
19．characteristic n．
20．decline v．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．distant adj.遥远的→ n．距离
2．geologist n．地质学家→ n．地理
3．evolve v．进化→ n．进化(论)
4．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→ n．发现
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We should try to use more electricity (generate) by the sun and wind.
2．There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too (distance) future.
3．However, classrooms are still crowded students. (用适当的词填空)
4．I’m (convince) that the only thing that kept me going was what I loved what I did.
5．In those days, she was fascinated past visitors. (用适当的词填空)
6．Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite (peace) in his heart.
7．The (declare) of Independence was adopted by Congress on 4 July, 1776.
8． (surprise), we caught the honest boy stealing money from others.
9．The first mention of the (discover) appeared in an article last year.
10．Most languages are constantly evolving and changing. This kind of (evolve) keeps them alive.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”.
Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too.
That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them.
Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease.
（2025·山东临沂·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One method of joining and inserting (嵌入) can create thousands of 1 (possibility), which is a unique technique with a history of over 7,000 years, known in Chinese as Sun-Mao.
It is the most common structuring approach in ancient Chinese architecture and furniture. With the Sun-Mao structure, ancient Chinese architects 2 (be) able to create complex buildings and home furniture without a nail or glue.
Stability is the most important characteristic of Sun-Mao. A wooden tower 3 (build) in 1056, 4 (survive) seven strong earthquakes and still stands proud, all thanks to the Sun-Mao structure. Sun-Mao absorbs some of the seismic wave (地震波) by changing its own form, markedly 5 (raise) earthquake resistance of the entire structure.
Similarly, Sun-Mao plays its “stabilizer” role in furniture. The seat part of a chair 6 (support) by its four legs as well as the cheng under its surface, a smaller supportive upper stick 7 transforms part of the weight to the downer legs. In this way, the entire chair can work longer. While every component of the Sun-Mao structure is thin, they can take 8 (incredible) massive weight by supporting each other.
Sun-Mao has always been an important part of Chinese architecture. In 2009, it was listed 9 the United Nations Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Chinese people’s love of nature 10 pursuit of harmonious coexistence is also embedded (融入) within.
Unit 6 Nurturing Nature
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．delicate adj.
2．landmark n．
3．permafrost n．
4．Tibetan adj.
5．antelope n．
6．wetland n．
7．grassland n．
8．mirror-like adj.
9．scenery n．
10．plateau n．
11．emission n．
12．via prep.
13．splendid adj.
14．leisure n．
15．radiation n．
16．wander v．
17．jungle n．
18．candidate n．
19．genuine adj.
20．salary n．
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．steadily adv.平稳地→ adj.稳定的
2．massive adj.巨大的→ n．块，团
3．economy n．经济→ adj.经济的
4．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→ adj.令人不安的→ n．打扰；骚乱
5．operator n．经营者→ v．经营；操作→ n．操作；经营；运转；手术
6．conservationist n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者
→ n．保护
7．applicant n．申请人→ v．申请→ n．申请
8．favour n．支持，赞同→ adj.支持的
9．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)→ n．广告
10．negotiable adj.可协商的→ v．谈判，协商→ n．谈判，协商
11．preference n．优先(权)→ v．更喜欢，偏爱
12．qualification n．资格，技能条件→ v．使具有资格
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．All (apply) must submit entries by the specified deadline.
2．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.
3． (wander) aimlessly in the street for hours, I felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat.
4．Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery life.
5．The progress, albeit slow, was (stead) advancing towards the ultimate goal, much to the satisfaction of the overseeing supervisor.
6．She tried her best to make a (favour) impression on his parents.
7．Unfortunately, the young man suffered a (mass) heart attack.
8．The doctor consulted with his colleagues about the (operate) on the patient.
9．This is an exciting challenge and salary is (negotiate)
10．The nature of the contract terms, which allows for adjustments and compromises, was a key and decisive point in the complex business deal. (negotiate)
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·广东惠州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Listen, that’s a magpie singing.” said Xu Keyi, a wildlife 1 (photograph) who can identify bird species by just hearing their calls. Xu, 37, developed an interest in capturing animals on camera when she was a child, always dreaming of traveling the world 2 a camera.
Before embracing a career in wildlife photography, she 3 (engage) in journalism. The turning point came during a trip to the South Pole, 4 Xu witnessed penguin parents fearlessly defending their chickens from intruders (侵入者). The moment deepened her passion for immersing herself in nature.
In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 5 (leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. During a journey to film the golden kaiserihind, the only butterfly on 6 list of first-class national protected wild animals in China, Xu met an elderly wildlife protector. He 7 (voice) his concerns about the lack of people devoted to 8 (protect) the species. “Shortly after I published my photos of golden kaiserihind, a group of volunteers hoped to join the conservation efforts after seeing my images. There are also many real efforts that everyone can 9 (easy) make in daily lives, which include using less plastic 10 stopping feeding wild animals,” Xu said.
（24-25高三上·福建莆田·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world is witnessing a significant shift towards sustainable fashion. Consumers are becoming more 1 (aware) of the environmental impact of the fashion industry and are demanding more sustainable options.
Sustainable fashion involves 2 (reduce) waste, using eco - friendly materials, and promoting ethical production practices. For example, some brands are using 3 (recycle) materials to create their products, 4 not only helps to reduce the demand for virgin resources but also minimizes waste sent to landfills.
In addition to material choices, ethical production is also a key aspect of sustainable fashion. This means ensuring fair wages and good working conditions 5 garment workers. Some brands are now publishing detailed reports about their supply chains, allowing consumers 6 (make) more informed decisions.
Moreover, consumers themselves are playing a crucial role in 7 (drive) the change. By choosing to support sustainable fashion brands, they are sending a clear message to the industry. Additionally, 8 (reuse) and repairing clothes instead of constantly buying new ones is another way consumers can contribute to the sustainable fashion movement.
As the demand for sustainable fashion continues to grow, it is expected that more and more brands will 9 (increasing) focus on sustainability. This shift not only benefits the environment but also 10 (create) a more ethical and responsible fashion industry.
考点二 选修二核心知识
Unit 1 Growing up
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．integrity n．正直；诚实
2．loan n．(银行等的)贷款
3．milestone n．重大事件，里程碑
4．wage n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金
5．childhood n．童年，儿童时代
6．obey v．服从；遵守
7．organ donation器官捐献
8．steady adj.稳定的
9．tempt v．诱惑，引诱
10．deposit n．订金
11．bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的
12．boarder n．寄宿生，住校生
13．cherish v．重视，珍视
14．boa constrictor蟒蛇
15．swallow v．吞下，咽下
16．prey n．猎物
17．masterpiece n．杰作18．arithmetic n．算术
19．disheartened adj.沮丧的，灰心的
20．necktie n．领带
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．adulthood n．成年→adult n．成年人 adj.成年的
2．election n．选举→elect v．选举
3．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.违法的，非法的→illegally adv.非法地
4．instantly adv.立即，马上conj.一……就……→instant adj.即食的，方便的；立刻的
5．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地
6．selfish adj.自私的→unselfish adj.无私的
7．approve v．赞成，同意；批准；认可→approval n．赞成；批准，通过
8．librarian n．图书馆管理员→library n．图书馆
9．commitment n．投入，花费；承诺→commit vt.& vi.犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证
10．suitable adj.合适的→suit v．适合 n．套装
11．varied adj.各种各样的→variety n．(同一事物的)不同种类；多种式样→various adj.各种各样的→vary vt.& vi.改变，变化
12．digestion n．消化(过程)→digest v．消化(食物)；领会
13．tiresome adj.烦人的，令人厌烦的→tiring adj.让人疲劳的，累人的→tire v．(使)疲劳→tired adj.疲劳的
14．consequence n．结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.所以，因此
15．politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Scientists say they have discovered two new “super-Earth” type planets about 100 light-years away, one of which may be (suit) for life.
2．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his (commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death.
3．The president has already given his (approve) to the plan.
4．Measures have been taken to encourage the (conserve) of energy.
5．From these facts we can draw a (conclude) that we ought to adopt an approach to preserving the traditional customs.
6．The Christmas Granny spent with us was truly (memory).
7．One of the worst of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer. (consequent)
8．Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills.
9．The students put the books on the library desk, and the (library) checked them in.
10．Regular sleep habits and relaxation will help regulate the body, promoting your (digest).
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·广西北海·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Legend of the White Snake is one of China’s most interesting stories. Its earliest written version appeared in the Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 1 collection of stories compiled during the Song Dynasty. Li Huang, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, meets a beautiful woman 2 (dress) in white and, after spending three happy days with her, falls ill and dies unexpectedly. His family later discovers the woman is actually a white snake.
In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong gave the legend a different version, 3 the white snake tricks a poor clerk Xu Xuan by giving him stolen money and arranging 4 (they) marriage. Xu’s troubles grow when the stolen money leads to lawsuits. 5 (escape) to his sister’s home, Xu is pursued by the white snake, who threatens 6 (destroy) the community if he abandons her. Xu doesn’t know what to do and the monk Fahai reaches out 7 him. Fahai catches the white snake and locks her in the Leifeng Pagoda.
In the Qing Dynasty, scholar Fang Chengpei combined earlier versions into a new drama, The Leifeng Pagoda, which describes the white snake as a woman who saves her husband Xu Xuan by fighting Fahai and is thought to be 8 (courage). Xu Xuan, however, still comes across as coward and self-serving.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the story 9 (reshape). Xu Xuan, now named Xu Xian, became a kinder character while Fahai evolved into a bad person. In the 1950s, playwright Tian Han’s version shows Xu Xian growing into a devoted partner inspired by Lady White Snake’s 10 (brave) and sincerity.
（24-25高三下·山西·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Monkey King is one of China’s most successful cultural exports
The Monkey King, like many iconic fictional 1 (hero), such as Harry Potter and Batman, had an unhappy childhood. Sprung from a rock on a mountain, he overcame early 2 (hard) and acquired such extraordinary skills as somersaulting clouds and turning each hair on his body into a version of 3 (him). Although the Monkey King seems like many of the Hollywood characters, he is different. He is more than 400 years old and comes from China.
With fiction considered a bad entertainment during the Ming dynasty, the novel was published in 1592 without 4 (reveal) the author’s identity. It is believed that it was written by Wu Cheng’en, a clerk’s son who repeatedly failed the exam 5 (get) a government position.
The novel is based on a religious 6 (man) journey in the seventh century to study Buddhism. The “West” in its title refers to India, 7 he travelled.
But 8 ancient story has become very popular in the world since then. In the past century, the book has been adapted into more than 60 films, countless TV shows, children’s books and video games.
As in all good storytelling, from Shakespeare to Star Wars, the fight in this story is for the hero’s soul. But each Monkey King retelling has served as a mirror on its times, reflecting the anxieties of its creators. Some interpretations have concentrated 9 the need for discipline to quiet the inner voice. Others stress the theme of underdogs 10 (unavoidable) rising to great heights in the end.
Unit 2 Improving yourself
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．fundraising n．募捐，筹款
2．profile n．概况
3．distract v．分散(注意力)，使分心
4．spit v．吐口水，吐唾沫
5．headphones n．(头戴式)耳机
6．bin n．垃圾箱
7．headline n．媒体报道的热门话题；标题
8．toothpaste n．牙膏
9．soap n．肥皂
10．personal finances(个人的)财务管理
11．jar n．(玻璃)罐子，广口瓶
12．lifelong adj.终身的
13．likewise adv.同样地；相似地
14．switch v．(用开关)改变，转换
15．towel n．毛巾
16．deadline n．截止时间；最后期限
17．district n．地区，区域
18．item n．一件商品(或物品)
19．invest v．投资
20．vision n．构想，设想
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．security n．平安，安全；安全措施→secure adj.安全的；可靠的；稳固的
2．motivate v．激发，激励→motivation n．动力，动机
3．occupy v．占用，占去(时间)→occupation n．占领，占用；职业→occupied adj.忙于；使用中
4．constantly adv.持续不断地；经常地→constant adj.连续发生的，不断的
5．access n．接触的机会→accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易懂的
6．rely v．(为生活或生存而)依赖→reliable adj.可信赖的
7．appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的→appropriately adv.恰当地
8．considerate adj.替他人着想的→consideration n．仔细考虑；体谅；顾及→consider v．考虑；认为
9．clarify v．澄清，讲清楚，阐明→clarification n．澄清，阐明
10．promote v．促进，增进→promotion n．提升；晋升；促销
11．necessity n．必需品；必然性→necessary adj.必然的；必要的
12．objectively adv.客观地→objective adj.客观的 n．目的；目标→object v．反对；拒绝
13．equip v．使有知识和技能，使能够胜任；装备，配备→equipment n．器材；设备
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The flood will threaten the life (secure) of people in the small village.
2．When you enter the museum, you will see some (item) that show the history of ancient China.
3．The information is there and waiting to be (access) by anyone here. （所给词的适当形式填空）
4．Machine translation makes some parents raise doubts about the (necessary) for their children to learn foreign languages.
5．As far as we can see, it is (consider) of you to take her illness into account.
6．It goes without saying that we simply want to inform people (objective) about events.
7．Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while (constant) growing.
8．We learned that the (occupy) he was offered at China Daily brings him a lot of chances to go abroad every month.
9．Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a (rely) person whom others can rely on for help.
10．You should have your (motivate) letter ready before filling out the application form.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese, according to research. A mother, 1 has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn’t smoke cigarettes and 2 (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely 3 (have) a fat child.
And research suggests it could be more to do with nurture (养育) 4 nature, as a mother’s lifestyle appears 5 (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both a mother and her child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity 6 (reduce) even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children aged from nine 7 fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers studied the link between a mother’s overall health and likelihood of a child 8 (be) obese.
The mother’s health is judged from her height-to-weight ratio (比例), her diet, amount of physical 9 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drinks. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 10 obese child.
（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语段填空(用所给动词的正确形式完成下列语篇)
I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it 1 (stop) snowing. Looking outside of the window, the snow on our lawn 2 (clean) by my father. I closed the book that 3 (borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast. Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4 (finish). During the breakfast, one of my best friends 5 (come) to visit my family. She went to Australia last year. Before that she 6 (prepare) for the examination of University of Sydney for half a year. During her study, she 7 (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field. By the end of last fall a novel about Maori 8 (finish) by her. When she was in Australia, together with her friends and classmates, she 9 (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China. So after her return, she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need. In total, 100 people 10 (help) by her team by the end of last October.
Unit 3 Times change
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．bunch n．一群，一伙
2．mist n．薄雾，雾霭
3．humble adj.简陋的
4．pave v．铺(路、地面等)
5．socialist adj.社会主义的
6．initiative n．倡议
7．solid adj.坚实的
8．component n．组成部分
9．category n．类别
10．gesture n．手势，姿势
11．facial adj.脸上的；面部的
12．facilitate v．促进；使便利
13．secondary adj.次要的，第二位的
14．comic n．连环漫画
15．costume n．化装服
16．decade n．十年；十年期
17．elderly adj.年老的
18．tablet n．平板电脑
19．sympathy n．同情
20．shelf n．搁板，架子
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．dusty adj.尘土飞扬的，布满灰尘的→dust n．沙土，尘土
2．leadership n．领导；领导地位→leader n．领导→lead v．领导；带领
3．organic adj.有机的；绿色的→organ n．器官；风琴；机构
4．reconstruction n．重建；修复→construction n．建设→construct v．建设
5．emotional adj.情绪(上)的，情感(上)的→emotion n．情绪，情感→emotionally adv.感情上；冲动地
6．tendency n．倾向；偏好；趋势，趋向→tend v．往往会；趋向；照料
7．educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育；教导→education n．教育；培养
8．urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地→urgent adj.迫切的
9．convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的→convince vt.说服；使相信；使确信
10．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争
11．intend v．计划，打算→intention n．计划，打算
12．adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．改编本；适应
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Many elementary and (second) schools set up libraries for use by all the students and teachers.
2．To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your (sympathetic) by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel…”
3．Our company’s marketing strategies this year will have multiple (emphasis), including social media promotion and brand building.
4．He explained his (intend) to pursue a career in medicine to his supportive parents.
5．You can feel an (emotion) connection between you and the musicians.
6．I’m afraid that I can’t accept your argument, for you haven’t offered enough (convince) evidence.
7．It is very important to work together as a team, especially in such a (compete) society.
8．There is a growing (tend) among employers to value the first academic degree of the graduates.
9．Under Qian’s (leader), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
10．There are a lot of old people waiting there (urgent) to purchase organic vegetables.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（24-25高三下·江西宜春·阶段练习）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The company 1 Larry Belmont worked had begun experimenting with a household robot named Tony. It was going to 2 (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. The first time Claire saw Tony, she felt alarmed as he looked more like a human 3 a machine. When Tony offered to help her dress, Claire was embarrassed. Gradually, Claire began to admire his 4 (wise) and integrity.
Tony helped Claire make herself more beautiful 5 her home more elegant. Besides, he changed a saleswoman’s attitude 6 Claire. One day, she accidentally fell off the ladder when Claire worked on a light 7 (suspend) from the ceiling. Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. As he held her, she felt 8 warmth of his body.
On the night of the party, before the guests came, Claire dismissed Tony. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to 9 (her). She heard him declare he did not want to leave her, and 10 he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang.
（24-25高三上·黑龙江佳木斯·开学考试）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The energy that so many outsiders feel when they are in China comes not just from the hurrying footsteps that can 1 (see) everywhere. It also comes from a sense that it is used for something bigger.
A few years ago, I interviewed Zhang Xin, a young man from a 2 (deep) poor agricultural province in central China. His parents were wheat 3 (farmer) and lived in a tiny one-room house next to the fields. He 4 (graduate) from Tsinghua University and got a job as a soft-ware engineer at Huawei. His success, Zhang told me one day, had changed his family forever, 5 (keep) his families away from hard labor forever. No this parents. Not his children. That kind of life was over.
Multiply that young man’s story by millions, 6 you will get a sense that this once very backward society has become 7 forward-looking country. A smart American who lived in China for years put it this way: “China is making a great effort to become 8 it has not yet become. It is upwardly mobile, proudly so.”
Proudly so, because as Zhang understood, hard work today means a much 9 (good) life decades from now for 10 (he) later generations and the country.
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．statistic n．(一项)统计数据
2．tackle v．处理，对付(难题)
3．comrade n．同志；朋友
4．disinfect v．为……消毒，给……杀菌
5．outbreak n．爆发，突然发生
6．vomit n．呕吐物
7．miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹
8．van n．小型货车
9．ward n．病房
10．compensate v．弥补，补偿
11．collaborate v．合作，协作
12．joint adj.联合的，共同的
13．mount v．走上，登上
14．conceive v．构想，设想
15．dedicate v．致力于，献身于
16．endure v．持续存在
17．battlefield n．战场
18．portion n．一部分
19．boundary n．边界；分界线
20．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．assist v．协助，帮助→assistance n．帮助→assistant n．助手 adj.助理的
2．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的→vitally adv.极其；绝对
3．tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的→tragically adv.悲惨地→tragedy n．悲剧；不幸
4．relieve vt.使减轻；缓解→relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
5．specialist n．专家→special adj.特殊的→specially adv.专门地
6．realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的；现实的，实际的→real adj.真实的→reality n．现实
7．minority n．少数派；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的
8．inclusive adj.包容广阔的→include v．包括→inclusion n．包括；包含
9．rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的→reward v．& n．奖励；奖赏
10．civil adj.公民的，国民的→civilian adj.平民的，百姓的
11．slave n．奴隶→slavery n．奴隶制
12．union n．联邦→unite v．联合；团结→united adj.联合的；统一的
13．division n．分开；分歧，分裂→divide v．分开
14．liberty n．自由→liberate v．解放→liberation n．解放
15．nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地→noble adj.崇高的，高尚的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The local museum invited a history (special) to give a lecture on ancient civilizations.
2．Our school always aims to create an (include) environment where every student feels valued and respected.
3．China is now taking measures to address climate change, aiming to promote a (harmony) relationship between man and nature and advocate a moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle.
4．Bill Gates is one of the most successful and (influence) people in the world of computer software.
5．Having long-term and (reward) friendships is one of the greatest joys of life.
6．Many (minority) face challenges in accessing education.
7．It’s only (real) to accept that there will be some problems.
8．The company is planning to expand its (divide) into the international market.
9．Those suffering from (infect) diseases were separated from the other patients.
10．To begin with, I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt appreciation to the kind (assist) you have offered me during my stay in Canada.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·浙江宁波·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A freight train loaded with home appliances 1 (depart) from Qingdao of East China’s Shandong province on Tuesday morning, 2 (push) the total number of China-Europe freight train trips past 110,000, according to China State Railway Group, 3 operator of the service. The train, 4 carried 55 containers filled with goods such as LCD displays and refrigerators 5 (value) at nearly 20 million yuan ($2.75 million), is bound 6 Moscow and expected to arrive in 17 days. 7 this event marked a major milestone for China-Europe rail services was obvious. Since the services began in 2011, the cumulative value of goods transported via the China-Europe freight 8 (exceed) $450 billion. 9 the service is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative, it underscores the high demand and resilience of the rail link. The rapidly 10 (expand) China-Europe freight service network has become a crucial link in global supply chains.
（24-25高三上·江苏淮安·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Zhongjing was a Chinese physician, inventor, and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. His work, Shang han za bing lun 1 (write) in the early 3rd century, greatly influenced the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Later, the original work 2 (edit) and divided into two books, Shang han lun and Jin gui yao lue. Today, Zhang, 3 work remains highly regarded and important in the practice of Chinese medicine, is often referred to 4 the Chinese Hippocrates.
Zhang’s Shang han za bing lun was an important book on dietetics (饮食学) and was especially 5 (influence) in the treatment of typhoid (伤寒) and other fevers. Zhang’s work was respected in the East for as long 6 time as Greek physician Galen of Pergamum’s works were popular in the West.
Zhang described typhoid clearly and recommended the use of only a number of drugs in treating it. The drugs were to be used once at a time, a considerable advance from the shotgun prescriptions (杂凑处方).
Zhang also stated that cool baths were also an important part of the treatment, an idea that remained unused for 1,700 years 7 Scottish physician James Currie 8 specific promoted it on fever treatment in his famous work.
Zhang stood for the dignity 9 responsibility of the medical profession. With this attitude, coupled with his close powers of observation, it is easy 10 (understand) why he has become known by the name of his Greek medical ancestor Hippocrates.
Unit 5 A delicate world
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．halfway adj.中间的，半途的
2．heritage n．遗产；传统
3．inhabitant n．栖居的动物
4．penguin n．企鹅
5．rat n．大老鼠
6．chaos n．大混乱；紊乱
7．virus n．病毒
8．immunity n．免疫力
9．collapse v．倒坍；塌下
10．substantial adj.大量的，多的
11．pest n．有害小动物；害虫
12．nutrient n．养分，营养物
13．worm n．蠕虫；(昆虫的)幼虫
14．session n．一段时间
15．herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的
16．status n．地位；身份
17．prosper v．兴旺，发达
18．altitude n．海拔(高度)
19．thrive v．茁壮成长
20．fossil n．化石
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；突然的→drama n．戏剧
2．subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的；后来的
3．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的
4．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
5．departure n．离开→depart v．离开；出发
6．explode v．突然增加→explosion n．爆炸；激增
7．intervention n．干预，介入→intervene vi.干预
8．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n．生态学家
9．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较
10．visual adj.视觉的→vision n．视力；念头→visually adv.视觉上，外表上
11．mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n．难以理解的事物；谜
12．criterion n．标准，准则→criteria n．(复数)标准；准则
13．apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎→apparent adj.显而易见的
14．variation n．差异；变化→variable adj.可变的；易变的→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary vi.& vt.变化
15．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger v．危及；使……处于危险
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The scientists handled the (explode) materials with extreme caution during the experiment.
2．The waterfall’s flow changed (dramatic) after the heavy rain, surging twice its normal size overnight.
3．During a (compare) of traditional dragon dances and modern parades, the students realized that the identity of their hometown is its historic relics.
4．In recent years, more and more young people pay attention to the protection of cultural (heritage).
5．And you might find it (relax) to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
6．This kind of tortoise, once considered to have died out, is back with careful (conserve).
7．On the east bank of Chaohu, China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake, rests a (mystery) ancient “kingdom” of jade called Lingjiatan.
8．Days before my (depart) for Shanghai, my cousin made a prediction that I would fall in love with China. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．As a result, the antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the (danger) species list.
10．On the other hand, a person’s personality has a (biology) basis, and has long been said can be identified from babies only a few months old.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（24-25高三下·贵州贵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are surrounded by 1 invisible killer — noise. It’s so common that we barely notice it 2 (shorten) our lives. Noise causes heart attacks, type 2 diabetes, and is linked to dementia (痴呆). Its impact goes far beyond 3 (mere) physical damage, reaching our mental well-being.
Sound 4 (detect) by the ear and sent to the brain. The amygdala (杏仁核) assesses emotions, part of our fight-or-flight response, like an attacker approaching.
The key number for heart health is 53 decibels (分贝); the 5 (high) the noise level, the greater the risks. Besides volume, sound disturbance and our control over it affect our response 6 noise.
Artist Mominur Rahman Royal, a “lone hero,” uses silent 7 (resist) to highlight the city’s noise problem. As he says, humans are 8 (blame) for noise pollution.
Faced with such severe noise issues, we must act. The noise pollution, 9 is extremely harmful to our health, has drawn increasing attention. The noise problem 10 (reach) alarming levels currently, and it’s high time we took measures to solve it.
（2025·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heimaey, a small, rocky island off Iceland, is home 1 the world’s largest community of Atlantic puffins (海鹦).
Once chicks hatch, puffin moms and dads devote about six weeks to 2 (care) for their babies, bringing meals of small fish. By late August or early September, the pufflings are mature enough to live on their own. Their 3 (nature) urge is to head for the open ocean, 4 they will spend most of their lives. They leave in the dark of night to hide from hunters, 5 (guide) by the moon.
But sometimes babies lose their way. Heimaey’s only town got electricity about a century ago. Ever since, dazzled (眼花缭乱) by night lights, some young puffins 6 (take) a wrong turn — toward town.
Rescuing trapped birds is 7 long-standing tradition on the island, though the catchy Puffling Patrol (巡逻队) name has been around for only a decade or so. 8 (typical) teens or younger kids search the night alongside parents or grandparents who pass down the tradition.
People are asked 9 (weigh) their rescued pufflings and log them on the Puffling Patrol website. The patrol often takes healthy 10 (rescue) — those large enough to live at sea — to the mountain top. From this height, the birds can catch some air.
Unit 6 Survival
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．seaside adj.海滨的
2．newcomer n．新来者
3．lamb n．羔羊肉
4．garlic n．(大)蒜
5．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
6．kit n．成套工具
7．clay n．黏土
8．indoors adv.在室内
9．firefighter n．消防队员
10．blaze n．烈火，大火
11．fierce adj.恶劣的，极端的
12．Mars n．火星
13．wipe v．擦，拭，揩
14．nuclear adj.核武器的
15．unmanned adj.无人驾驶(操纵)的
16．spacecraft n．宇宙飞船，航天器
17．orbit v．环绕……运行
18．astronaut n．航天员，宇航员，太空人
19．capsule n．(航天器的)密封舱，太空舱
20．trunk n．树干
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．crime n．罪，罪行→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的
2．suburb n．郊区，城郊→suburban adj.郊区的；市郊的
3．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的→greed n．贪婪；渴望
4．commit v．犯(错误或罪行)→commitment n．承诺；保证；献身；投入
5．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；鉴赏→appreciation n．欣赏；感激→appreciative adj.赞赏的；感激的
6．restrict v．限制，控制→restriction n．限制；限定→restrictive adj.限制性的
7．hiker n．徒步旅行者，远足者→hike v．去远足
8．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观主义→pessimistic adj.悲观的
9．consumption n．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→consume v．消耗→consumer n．消费者
10．react vi.做出反应，回应→reaction n．反应，回应
11．monthly adj.每月一次的→month n．月，月份
12．advanced adj.先进的，高级的→advance vi.前进；取得进展 n．进展，进步
13．terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrified adj.害怕的→terrify v．使害怕
14．consist v．由……组成→consistent adj.一致的
15．expose v．使暴露(于险境)→exposure n．暴露，显露→exposed adj.暴露的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
2．Wouldn’t it be kind of (greed) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful
3．In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere (appreciate) to you for your timely help.
4．Anyone who wants to take the (advance) literature course must sign up for it in advance.
5．It’s (terrify) that there are so many drunk drivers on the road.
6．As a matter of fact, what matters in our life is that we should keep (optimism) no matter what happens.
7．I am sorry to tell you that you have broken the speed (restrict).
8．Su Shi gives his answer, a very (optimism) one: Change your attitude and stay positive. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．It took him more than 30 years before he told anyone other than friends of his (terrify) experience.
10．In the 1990s, a group of (thief) often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars.
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·河北·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do puppies have for their Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner
As more young people adopt pets, the pet market has become increasingly diverse. According to Jiemian, a Chinese media outlet, a pet store in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, introduced a “Puppy Chinese New Year’s Eve Dinner” package 1 (price) at 168 yuan (23.17) per dog. The set, which includes 10 carefully selected dishes, quickly sold out once it 2 (announce), leaving many pet owners unable to secure 3 spot for their furry companions.
In addition to treating 4 (they) pets to special meals at restaurants, many owners also purchase gift boxes 5 (celebrate) the New Year with their furry companions. These gift boxes, ranging from a few dozen yuan to 500 yuan, 6 (typical) contain a variety of items such as main dishes, soups, desserts, and snacks.
Pet gift boxes have also become popular 7 a social gift, with pet owners buying them not just for their own pets 8 for friends and family members with pets.
As young people’s 9 (spend) habits evolve, the pet market has seen rapid growth. According to data from the China Pet Industry Association, the pet economy continued to expand in 2024, surpassing a market size of 300 billion yuan. This rapid 10 (expand) highlights how pets have become an integral part of modern family life, with their well-being increasingly prioritized.
（2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 1 (extinct).
A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 2 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 3 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts.
Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 4 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 5 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly.
Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 6 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 7 estimated 95,000 garden plants.
According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 8 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 9 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 10 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)第04讲 选修一~选修二词汇
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一选修一核心知识 4
知识点1 读单词、识词义
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练
考点二选修二核心知识 42
知识点1 读单词、识词义
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练
教材词汇 课标词汇 2025：spare , count on; fire (熟词生义)；company; permission；uncomfortable;cut； 2024:confirm；guidance(派生词)；digital； professionally（派生词） 2023:rental,erase,statistician,bimonthly; fiberglass, ecosystem,checkpoint; mind(n.-v.); leaf(n.-v.); tear(n.-v.); average(n.-v.); touch(v.-n.); 新高考词汇难度增大。2025年新高考I卷为例，不包含听力部分和问题部分，总词数便达2600词。其中包括很多派生词。新高考II卷包含听力部分试卷总词数达2904词。读后续写部分要求读写结合，需要更多的词汇积累和输出。这个数词基本与2024年持平，但对于词汇的活用有增无减。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。
复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，新教材单词表为蓝本，以近三年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。
考点一 选修一核心知识
Unit 1 Laugh out Loud!
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．mood n．心情
2．ankle n．脚踝
3．essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
4．deserve v．应得，应受到
5．shave n．刮脸，刮胡子
6．fellow n．男人；家伙
7．spot n．地点，处所
8．whisper v．悄声说，低语
9．complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的10．circus n．马戏团
11．curly adj.卷曲的
12．clown n．小丑
13．barber n．男理发师
14．brand n．品牌，牌子
15．concept n．概念，观念
16．roar v．哄笑，大笑
17．illuminate v．照亮，照明
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．amusement n．娱乐，消遣→amuse vt.使发笑→amusing adj.有趣的；逗人笑的→amused adj.觉得好笑的；愉快的，开心的
2．entertain v．使快乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的→entertainment n．娱乐；招待
3．examine v．检查(身体)→examination n．考试；检查
4．advertisement n．广告→advertise v．做广告
5．employer n．雇用者，雇主→employ v．雇用→employee n．雇员
6．impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象→impression n．印象
7．fame n．名声，名誉→famous adj.著名的
8．remark n．言论；意见，评论→remarkable adj.显著的
9．interaction n．交流→interact v．交流，互动
10．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍
11．gently adv.温和地；轻柔地→gentle adj.温和的；文雅的
12．conclude v．结束，终止→conclusion n．结论
13．composer n．作曲家→compose v．作曲
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．I ________ (impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.
2．It is essential that students ________（get） themselves prepared for the coming future.
3．He’s ________(essential) a very man.
4．His gentleness has given me a deep ________(impress).
5．He came to the ________(conclude)that the machine was out of order.
6．This programme was set up with the ________(intend) of providing help for homeless people.
7．This book is intended ________ the general readers rather than the students.
8．When I saw them ________(whisper)to each other, I knew there was something funny going on.
9．How I regretted arguing ________ her ________ the important question, which made us all unhappy.
10．We had an ________(argue)with the waiter over the bill.
1．was impressed
【解析】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：看到我爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马，我印象深刻。由句意可知，此处为be impressed to do“印象深刻做某事”为固定短语，满足句意要求。结合句意为动词一般过去时。故填was impressed。
2．get##should get
【解析】
考查虚拟语气。句意：学生为未来做好准备是很重要的。It is essential that...是固定句型，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填(should)get。
3．essentially
【解析】
考查副词。句意：他本质上是一个十足的男人。分析句子结构，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式作状语，essentially是副词，表示“本质上”。故填essentially。
4．impression
【解析】
考查名词和固定搭配。句意：他的温柔给我留下了深刻的印象。结合句意及空前的has given 可知应填名词形式作宾语，动词impress的名词形式为impression，give sb.a deep impression意为“给某人留下深刻印象”，为固定搭配。故填impression。
5．conclusion
【解析】
考查名词。句意：他得出的结论是机器出了故障。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意，conclude为动词，意为“总结，结束”，其名词为conclusion，意为“结论”，符合句意，此处表示特指，是单数概念。故填conclusion。
6．intention
【解析】
考查名词。句意：这个计划是为了帮助无家可归的人而设立的。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意，intend为动词，意为“打算”，其名词为intention，意为“目的，意图”，此处表示特指，故使用单数。故填intention。
7．for
【解析】
考查介词。句意：这本书是打算给普通读者而不是给学生用的。be intended for表示“打算为……所用”，所以空处应用介词for。故填for。
8．whispering
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我看到他们窃窃私语时，我就知道有什么好笑的事发生了。根据see sb doing sth固定搭配可知，设空处应该填写现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。根据句意，whisper为动词，意为“低声说”，符合句意。故填whispering。
9． with about##over
【解析】
考查介词。句意：我多么后悔在那个重要的问题上和她争论，这使我们大家都不高兴。argue with sb. about/over sth.和某人争论某事。根据句意，故填with; about/over。
10．argument
【解析】
考查名词。句意：我们就账单和服务员吵了一架。分析可知，空出应填名词作had的宾语，冠词an提示用该名词的单数形式，故填argument。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·青海西宁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emotional eating is eating as a way 1 (ease) negative emotions, such as stress, anger, fear, boredom, sadness and loneliness. Major life events or, more 2 (common), the troubles of daily life can arouse negative emotions that lead to emotional eating and disturb your weight-loss 3 (effort).
Although some people eat less in the face 4 strong emotions, if you’re in emotional distress you might turn to impulsive or binge (暴饮暴食) eating, quickly consuming whatever is convenient without 5 (enjoy).
In fact, your emotions can become so tied to your eating habits that you automatically reach for a treat whenever you’re angry or 6 (stress) without thinking about what you’re doing.
Food also 7 (serve) as a distraction. If you’re worried about an upcoming event or 8 conflict, for instance, you may focus on eating comfort food instead of dealing with the painful situation.
Whatever emotions drive you to eat more, the end result is often the same. The effect is temporary, the emotions return 9 you likely then bear the additional burden of guilt about 10 (set) back your weight-loss goal. This can also lead to an unhealthy cycle.
【答案】
1．to ease 2．commonly 3．efforts 4．of 5．enjoyment 6．stressed 7．serves 8．a 9．and 10．setting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了情绪性进食（emotional eating）作为一种缓解负面情绪的方式，并且介绍了一些常见负面情绪，以及可能引起情绪性进食的原因。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：情绪化进食是指通过进食来缓解负面情绪，如压力、愤怒、恐惧、无聊、悲伤和孤独。分析句子，句中a way to do为固定短语，使用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to ease。
2．考查副词。句意：生活中的重大事件，或者更常见的是日常生活中的麻烦，都会引发负面情绪，导致情绪化进食，扰乱你的减肥努力。分析句子，设空处使用common的副词commonly作状语。故填commonly。
3．考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用名词effort作宾语，意为“努力”，此处表示复数意义。故填efforts。
4．考查介词。句意：虽然有些人在面对强烈的情绪时吃得少，但如果你处于情绪困扰中，你可能会转向冲动或暴饮暴食，迅速吃掉任何方便的东西，而不享受食物。句中in the face of为固定短语，意为“面对”。故填of。
5．考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用enjoy的名词enjoyment作宾语，意为“享受”，其为不可数名词。故填enjoyment。
6．考查形容词。句意：事实上，你的情绪可能会与你的饮食习惯紧密相连，以至于当你生气或有压力时，你会不由自主地伸手去吃东西，而不去想自己在做什么。分析句子，设空处使用stress的形容词stressed作表语，意为“感到有压力的”。故填stressed。
7．考查动词时态。句意：食物也可以分散注意力。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句子的主语food为不可数名词，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数。故填serves。
8．考查冠词。句意：例如，如果你担心即将到来的事件或冲突，你可能会专注于吃安慰的食物，而不是处理痛苦的情况。分析句子，句中conflict为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词。同时其首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
9．考查连词。句意：这种影响是暂时的，情绪会恢复，然后你可能会因为设定了减肥目标而承受额外的罪恶感。分析句子，设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动名词作宾语。故填setting。
（24-25高二下·辽宁阜新·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We’ve all heard that laughter is the best medicine, and it’s true. Laughter makes you feel better and it’s also good for your relationships. Laughter brings people closer, and is a 1 (power) tool for making you relax when feelings are running high. Whether with your friends and family, or co-workers, you can learn to use humor 2 (solve) disagreements, lower everyone’s stress levels, and communicate in a way that deepens the 3 (relationship).
Humor plays an important role 4 all kinds of relationships. In new relationships, humor can be a useful tool not just for 5 (attract) the other person but also for getting over any awkwardness (尴尬)arising when we get to know each other. In old relationships, humor can keep things more exciting and fresher.
Sharing the pleasure of humor 6 (create) a sense of closeness and connection between two people — qualities 7 are signs of strong and successful relationships. When you laugh with one another, you create 8 positive relationship between you, which acts as a strong buffer (缓冲剂) against stress, disagreements and disappointments in your relationship. And laughter is spreading — just 9 (hear) someone laugh often makes you smile 10 (happy) and join in the fun.
【答案】
1．powerful 2．to solve 3．relationships 4．in 5．attracting 6．creates 7．that/which 8．a 9．hearing 10．happily
【导语】这是一篇说明文。我们都听说笑是最好的药，这是真的。笑会让你感觉更好，对你的人际关系也有好处。笑能拉近人与人之间的距离，当你情绪高涨时，笑是一种让你放松的强大工具。
1．考查形容词。句意：笑能拉近人与人之间的距离，当你情绪高涨时，笑是一种让你放松的强大工具。修饰名词tool应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论是和你的朋友、家人还是同事，你都可以学会用幽默来解决分歧，降低每个人的压力水平，并以一种加深关系的方式进行沟通。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“利用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to solve。
3．考查名词。句意：无论是和你的朋友、家人还是同事，你都可以学会用幽默来解决分歧，降低每个人的压力水平，并以一种加深关系的方式进行沟通。根据上文your friends and family, or co-workers可知，数量大于一用名词复数形式作宾语。故填relationships。
4．考查介词。句意：幽默在各种关系中都扮演着重要的角色。短语play an important role in表示“在……扮演重要角色”。故填in。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在新的关系中，幽默是一个有用的工具，不仅可以吸引对方，还可以克服我们相互了解时产生的任何尴尬。作介词for的宾语用动名词形式。故填attracting。
6．考查主谓一致。句意：分享幽默的乐趣会在两个人之间建立一种亲密感和联系——这些都是牢固而成功的关系的标志。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用三单形式。故填creates。
7．考查定语从句。句意：分享幽默的乐趣会在两个人之间建立一种亲密感和联系——这些都是牢固而成功的关系的标志。限制性定语从句修饰先行词qualities，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。
8．考查冠词。句意：当你们一起笑的时候，你们之间就建立了一种积极的关系，这是一种强有力的缓冲，可以缓解你们关系中的压力、分歧和失望。此处relationship为泛指，且positive是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：笑声是会传播的——只要听到别人的笑声，你就会开心地笑起来，加入其中。作句子的主语用动名词形式。故填hearing。
10．考查副词。句意：笑声是会传播的——只要听到别人的笑声，你就会开心地笑起来，加入其中。修饰动词smile应用副词happily“开心地”，作状语。故填happily。
Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．overnight adv.突然，一下子
2．nevertheless adv.然而，不过
3．best-seller n．畅销书；畅销产品
4．classic n．名著；经典作品
5．endurance n．(忍)耐力
6．cucumber n．黄瓜
7．companionship n．友谊；友好交往
8．fingertip n．指尖
9．workaday adj.平凡的；平淡的10．perfume n．香味
11．debt n．债务，欠款
12．pace n．速度；进度
13．guarantee v．保证；确保
14．outcome n．结果，后果
15．blanket n．毯子，毛毯
16．contest n．比赛，竞赛
17．upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的
18．outline n．外形，轮廓
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．inform v．通知，告知→information n．信息
2．rarely adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀有的
3．rejection n．拒绝，否决→reject v．拒绝，否决
4．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n．坚持
5．criticism n．批评；指责→criticize v．批评
6．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．高兴 vt.使高兴→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
7．worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的→worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的→worth adj.值得的
8．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情
9．elect v．选举，推选→election n．选举
10．blessing n．幸事，幸运→bless v．为……祝福
11．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate v．感激→appreciation n．感激；欣赏
12．mere adj.仅仅，只不过→merely adv.仅仅，只
13．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→gentle adj.温和的→gently adv.温和地
14．permanent adj.长久的；永久的→permanently adv.永久地
15．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学
16．embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．My teachers keep parents _____________ (inform) of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.
2．The________(embarrass) look on her face showed that she hadn’t expected my arrival.
3．In this chapter, I will attempt ________ (explain) what led up to cultural difference.
4．As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _______ (inform) of what is happening around the world.
5．Once I realized I was in control, I quit______ （try）to get more of it.
6．As a child, sometimes social occasions were __________for me. I would feel __________when among strangers. After several years of volunteer work in community, such __________ disappeared. (embarrassed)
7．He was quite proud of his ______ (literature) achievements.
8．The club is careful not to let the younger players be overexposed, and __________ allows them to be interviewed. (rare)
9．To our great _______(delighted), it worked perfectly.
10．I’ve just been so busy studying and trying ________ (absorb) all the new things around me.
1．informed
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：许多老师在微信上给家长分享视频，让家长知道儿童在幼儿园的表现。空处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语，inform和parents二者之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填informed。
2．embarrassed
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：她脸上尴尬的表情表明她没料到我会来。分析句子可知，设空处需填入形容词作定语，修饰名词look“表情”，修饰面部表情用ed结尾的形容词。故填embarrassed。
3．to explain
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在本章中，我将试图解释导致文化差异的原因。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.是固定短语，意为“企图做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式。故填to explain。
4．informed
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都知道，报纸、杂志和广播以及电视广播可以让我们了解世界各地正在发生的事情。根据句中的can keep可知设空处应该填写非谓语动词。us和inform之间是被动关系，故应该使用过去分词作宾补。故填informed。
5．trying
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦我意识到我能掌控一切，我就不再试图获得更多。quit doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。故填trying。
6． embarrassing embarrassed embarrassment
【解析】
考查形容词和名词。句意：小时候，有时社交场合会令人尴尬。当我和陌生人在一起时，我会感到尴尬。在社区做了好几年的志愿工作后，这种尴尬就不在了。第一个空需填-ing结尾形容词embarrassing，修饰抽象事物social occasions；第二个空需填-ed结尾形容词embarrassed，修饰人，即I；最后一空需填名词embarrassment，充当disappeared的主语。故第一空填embarrassing，第二空填embarrassed，第三空填embarrassment。
7．literary
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：他为自己的文学成就感到骄傲。用形容词literary (文学的)作定语，修饰名词achievements。故填literary。
8．rarely
【解析】
考查副词。句意：俱乐部小心翼翼地不让年轻球员过度曝光，也很少允许他们接受采访。空处修饰动词allows，应用副词形式，rarely很少，故填rarely。
9．delight
【解析】
考查名词。句意：令我们非常高兴的是，它工作得很好。英语中形容词的后面通常接名词，所以本句使用名词delight作宾语，构成介词短语to one's delight，表示“让某人高兴的是”。故填delight。
10．to absorb
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我一直在忙着学习，努力吸收周围的新事物。动词absorb意为“吸收，理解，掌握（信息）”；动词短语try to do sth，意为“努力做某事”，为固定搭配，动词不定式作try的宾语。故填to absorb。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（24-25高三上·福建三明·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Everyone has their dreams. Some people want to be rich, dreaming of becoming millionaires overnight. Others want to be famous, dreaming of suddenly jumping to great fame. I have a dream, too. When I was a young girl, I dreamed of becoming a scientist like Hua Luogeng, 1 was a great Chinese mathematician.
However, I knew that I could not be 2 (success) without great efforts. So I studied hard in middle school and college in order to realize my dream.
After graduating 3 college five years ago, I 4 (find) a job as a teacher. Although I was very busy 5 (teach), I never gave up my goal. I read a lot of books 6 (get) more knowledge. I made many 7 (experiment) to practise and apply what I had learned from books. Sometimes, I was so 8 (deep) indulged (沉迷) in my research that I forgot my meals and time.
Now I have made great progress. Several of my research papers have been published. The methods 9 (write) in my papers have been proven to be valuable. I am very happy. The ladder of becoming a scientist is still far ahead, 10 I have climbed the first step anyway.
【答案】
1．who 2．successful 3．from 4．found 5．teaching 6．to get 7．experiments 8．deeply 9．written 10．but
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者小时候的梦想是成为像华罗庚一样的科学家，以及为实现梦想而付出努力。
1．考查定语从句。句意：当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我梦想成为像华罗庚那样的科学家，他是一位伟大的中国数学家。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hua Luogeng，指人，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。
2．考查形容词。句意：然而，我知道，不付出很大努力，我是不可能成功的。此处是形容词作表语，success的形容词为successful意为“成功的”符合句意。故填successful。
3．考查介词。句意： 五年前大学毕业后，我找到了一份教师的工作。此处为固定搭配graduate from，意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
4．考查动词时态。句意：五年前大学毕业后，我找到了一份教师的工作。由five years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应使用动词过去式。故填found。
5．考查动名词。句意：虽然我忙于教学，但我从未放弃我的目标。根据be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”可知，此处为动名词形式作宾语。故填teaching。
6．考查动词不定式。句意：为了获得更多的知识，我读了很多书。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to get。
7．考查名词复数。句意： 我做了许多实验来练习和应用我从书中学到的东西。experiment意为“实验”是可数名词，由many可知，此处应用名词复数。故填experiments。
8．考查副词。句意：有时候，我太沉迷于研究了，以至于忘记了吃饭和时间。此处应用副词deeply作状语，修饰动词indulged，表示程度深。故填deeply。
9．考查过去分词。句意：我论文中所写的方法已被证明是有价值的。句中有谓语have been proven，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词methods，且动词write和methods是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
10．考查连词。句意：成为科学家的阶梯还很遥远，但我已经迈出了第一步。此处为连词连接两个句子，结合句意，空前后句子是转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An armless rockstar traveled the world playing music on a bass guitar — using only his toes.
Music-lover Mark Goffeney, from San Diego, California, was born without arms but made up his mind 1 (follow) his dream in the music industry.
Teaching himself the basics, Mark kick-started his life as a musician on the streets — performing for and entertaining both locals and 2 (tourist).
Later he went from street to stage and played in a 3 (success) band, while his solo performances took 4 (he) across Europe and Asia.
Mark was raised by a musical family and by the age of nine he was already working on his own music, as well as acting 5 a poster child for several charities (慈善机构). It is estimated (估计) that the musician raised more than $13m for children’s charities.
Musically, Mark started out by playing the trombone (长号) in a school band until his father brought home an old guitar 6 was missing two strings. Deciding that it would be a challenge to learn, Mark took up the instrument and 7 (begin) practicing.
He said: “Through 8 (learn) to play the guitar, I thought I could 9 (actual) get other people to feel the way I feel about certain types of music. I like rock and can draw a crowd and get people singing. I don’t do what I do as a way 10 asking for help — I am here to entertain.”
【答案】
1．to follow 2．tourists 3．successful 4．him 5．as 6．that/ which 7．began 8．learning 9．actually 10．of
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了无臂音乐家Mark Goffeney的故事。
1．考查动词不定式。句意：来自加州圣迭戈的音乐爱好者马克·戈芬尼生来就没有双臂，但他下定决心要在音乐行业追寻自己的梦想。make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做某事。故填to follow。
2．考查可数名词的复数。句意：通过自学基础知识，马克开始了他的街头音乐家生涯——为当地人和游客表演和娱乐。tourist意为“游客”，为可数名词，根据语境和空前的both locals and可知，此处表示复数意义，故填tourists。
3．考查形容词。句意：后来，他从街头走向舞台，并在一个成功的乐队中演奏，而他的个人演出则将他带到欧洲和亚洲。设空处作前置定语，修饰名词band，表示“成功的”，用形容词，故填successful。
4．考查代词。句意：后来，他从街头走向舞台，并在一个成功的乐队中演奏，而他的个人演出则将他带到欧洲和亚洲。设空处作took的宾语，用宾格，故填him。
5．考查固定搭配。句意：马克出生在一个音乐家庭，9岁时就开始创作自己的音乐，同时还为几个慈善机构代言。act as ... 充当……。故填as。
6．考查定语从句。句意：在音乐方面，马克一开始是在学校乐队里吹长号，直到他父亲把一把缺了两根弦的旧吉他带回家。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词guitar，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
7．考查一般过去时。句意：马克意识到学习它是一个挑战，于是拿起乐器开始练习。根据语境和上文中的took up可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填began。
8．考查动词-ing形式。句意：通过学习弹吉他，我认为我可以让其他人对某些类型的音乐有同样的感受。设空处作介词Through的宾语，用动词-ing形式，故填learning。
9．考查副词。句意：通过学习弹吉他，我认为我可以让其他人对某些类型的音乐有同样的感受。修饰动词get，作状语，用副词actually，故填actually。
10．考查介词。句意：我所做的一切并不是为了寻求帮助，我是来娱乐的。”a way of doing sth.做某事的途径或方法。故填of。
Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．backboard n．篮板
2．bump n．隆起之处
3．bounce v．(使)弹起，(使)反弹
4．teammate n．队友
5．footstep n．脚步声；足迹
6．philosophy n．人生哲学
7．self-belief n．自信
8．hoop n．(篮球中的)篮圈
9．yoga n．瑜伽
10．spiker n．(排球队的)扣球队员，主攻手
11．burst v．突然出现
12．quarter-final n．四分之一决赛
13．comeback n．东山再起
14．semi-final n．半决赛
15．nerve n．意志力
16．ingredient n．(完成某事的)要素，因素
17．teamwork n．合作，协作
18．tournament n．锦标赛
19．cheat v．欺骗，作弊
20．net n．球网
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的→shine v．闪光
2．association n．协会，社团→associate vt.联系
3．muddy adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的→mud n．泥
4．shot n．投球，射球，击球→shoot v．射击，射中
5．sharpen vt.使提高，使改进→sharp adj.尖的，锋利的
6．expectation n．预料，预期→expect v．预料，期待
7．remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的→remark v．谈论
8．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的→vividly adv.生动地
9．assign v．分配，分派→assignment n．分配的任务
10．steely adj.钢铁般的；坚定的→steel n．钢铁
11．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作
12．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的→intension n．紧张
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．They still carried on__________(walk) to the park in spite of the bad weather.
2．The ball ________ (bounce) across the ground and rolled up to my feet.
3．Police were reported _____________(seize) all copies of this morning’s edition of the newspaper.
4．Our school won’t tolerate____________(cheat) in exams. If caught, you will get severely punished.
5．The success of our plan depends on your ________(cooperate).
6．___________(encourage) children to stay in touch with nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.
7．Her encouragement determined me __________(carry) on with the work.
8．Ann __________(sharpen) her pencil and took out her homework.
9．She’s going to India on a special ________ (assign) for her newspaper.
10．Work hard, and all your efforts will pay _________.
1．walking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管天气不好，他们仍继续朝公园走去。分析句子结构可知，空格前是介词on，所以后面用动名词形式，作宾语。carry on doing，“继续做某事”的意思。故填walking。
2．bounced
【详解】考查时态。句意：球在地上弹了一下，滚到了我的脚边。当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时，一般谓语动词的时态要求保持一致，由rolled可知，空处谓语是一般过去式，根据英文提示，故填bounced。
3．to have seized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，警方已没收了今天早报的所有报纸。句中were reported为谓语，设空处应该是用非谓语动词。be reported to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被报道做某事”，同时seize意为“占领，控制，扣押”为动词，该动作先于report发生。故使用to do不定式的完成式结构。故填to have seized。
4．cheating
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们学校不会容忍考试作弊。如果被抓住，你将受到严厉的惩罚。tolerate doing sth. (容忍做某事)，cheat用动名词形式作宾语。故填cheating。
5．cooperation
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们计划的成功取决于你的合作。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词，由此可知，此处使用名词cooperation，作depend on的宾语。故填cooperation。
6．Encouraging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为，鼓励孩子们接触大自然，从长远来看会对他们有好处。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Encouraging。
7．to carry
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的鼓励使我决心继续这项工作。determine sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使某人决心做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to carry。
8．sharpened
【详解】考查时态。句意：安削尖了铅笔，拿出了作业。结合后文的took可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词sharpen使用过去式sharpened符合题意。故填sharpened。
9．assignment
【详解】考查名词。句意：她要去印度为她的报纸执行一项特别任务。分析句子可知，“special”为形容词，后接名词，“assign”意为“指派”，动词词性，对应的名词为“assignment”，意为“任务”，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数，故空格处应填“assignment”，作介词“on”的宾语。故填assignment。
10．off
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：努力工作，你所有的努力将会得到得到回报的。结合语意，空处应用副词off，构成短语pay off，表示“取得成功，得到回报”，符合句意。故填off。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On behalf of his hometown team from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Rozimemet Turghun, an 18-year-old teenager whose parents made a living from herding, 1 (stand) among more than 4,000 competitors at the second Vocational Skills Competition.
Although he didn’t win a medal in the mobile robotics competition, his 2 (enthusiastic) never faded. When he was in hometown, he developed a preference for repairing household electronics. Even 3 instructions, he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios. After 4 (leave) senior high school, he studied at Aksu Technical College.
The chance came last year, 5 Zhao Pengfei, vice-dean of the electrical and mechanical engineering department, started organizing a team for a skills competition. Rozimemet Turghun’s 6 (impress) abilities caught Zhao’s eye. He 7 (choose) to join the team, and focused on technologies 8 (relate) to industrial robot applications. The competition was 9 (obvious) a challenge for someone with little experience with computers. Rozimemet Turghun acquired the skills, memorized the position of each part and practiced each step, day and night.
One month later, he and his teammate won a bronze during the Xinjiang tryout for the second Vocational Skills Competition. They surprised everyone by completing a mobile robot in just 2 hours and 12 minutes, 10 achievement that would have been beyond his wildest dreams. He hoped to sharpen his skills and step onto even broader stages.
【答案】
1．stood 2．enthusiasm 3．without 4．leaving 5．when 6．impressive 7．was chosen 8．related 9．obviously 10．an
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自新疆的18岁青年Rozimemet Turghun凭借对电子维修的热爱，加入职业技能竞赛团队，经过刻苦训练在比赛中斩获铜牌，展现了职业技能教育带来的成长与机遇。
1．考查动词时态。句意：代表新疆维吾尔自治区家乡队参赛的Rozimemet Turghun——这位父母以放牧为生的18岁少年，站在了第二届职业技能大赛4000余名选手的行列中。空处为谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填stood。
2．考查名词。句意：尽管他在移动机器人竞赛中没有获奖，但他的热情从未减退。his后需接名词作主语，enthusiastic的名词形式为enthusiasm，不可数。故填enthusiasm。
3．考查介词。句意：即使没有指导，他也能修理灯具、收音机等电子设备。空处与后文he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios构成转折关系，此处表示“没有指导”，需用介词without。故填without。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：高中毕业后，他进入阿克苏职业技术学院学习。介词after后接动名词作宾语。故填leaving。
5．考查定语从句。句意：机会出现在去年，当时机电工程系副主任赵鹏飞开始组织一支参加技能竞赛的队伍。空处引导定语从句，先行词为last year，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
6．考查形容词。句意：Rozimemet Turghun令人印象深刻的能力引起了赵鹏飞的注意。空处修饰名词abilities需用形容词，impress的形容词形式为impressive。故填impressive。
7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他被选中加入团队，并专注于与工业机器人应用相关的技术。主语He与choose之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填was chosen。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be related to为固定短语，意为“与……相关”，空处需用形容词化的过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词technologies。故填related。
9．考查副词。句意：对于几乎没有计算机经验的人来说，这次比赛显然是一个挑战。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，obvious的副词形式为obviously。故填obviously。
10．考查冠词。句意：他们仅用2小时12分钟就完成一个移动机器人组装，这一项成就完全超出他最狂野的想象，震惊了在场所有人。achievement为可数名词，此处泛指“一项成就”，且以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。
（2025高三·全国·专题练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
On the evening of May 25th, 2025, the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha 1 (witness) a glorious moment. Wang Chuqin, 2 was born in 2000, stepped onto the stage of the men’s singles final. His opponent was Hugo Calderano from Brazil.
From the start of the match, Wang Chuqin showed great 3 (confident) and excellent skills. He won the first set with a score of 11 - 9. In the second set, Hugo fought back tenaciously and won 12-10. But this didn’t disrupt Wang Chuqin’s rhythm. He adjusted his strategy in time and won the next three sets 4 (consecutive). Finally, he defeated Hugo 4-1 and 5 (claim) the men’s singles championship.
Before this victory, Wang Chuqin 6 (encounter) numerous difficulties and setbacks. In previous major tournaments, he sometimes lost crucial matches, 7 brought him great pressure. But he never gave up. He trained even harder, working on his serve, return, and overall playing strategy. His coaches also provided him 8 patient guidance and support.
This victory is not only a personal achievement for Wang Chuqin but also a milestone for the Chinese table tennis team. As the first post-00s men’s singles world champion, he 9 (demonstrate) the strength and potential of the new-generation Chinese table tennis players. His success will surely inspire more young people 10 (pursue) their dreams in the field of table tennis.
【答案】
1．witnessed 2．who 3．confidence 4．consecutively 5．claimed 6．had encountered 7．which 8．with 9．has demonstrated 10．to pursue
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了2025年5月25日晚，中国乒乓球运动员王楚钦在多哈世界乒乓球锦标赛男子单打决赛中以4-1击败巴西选手雨果 卡尔德拉诺，成为首位“00 后”男单世界冠军的历程。
1．考查动词时态。句意：2025年5月25日晚，多哈世界乒乓球锦标赛见证了一个辉煌时刻。根据时间状语On the evening of May 25th, 2025可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填witnessed。
2．考查定语从句。句意：2000年出生的王楚钦踏上了男子单打决赛的舞台。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Wang Chuqin，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3．考查名词。句意：比赛一开始，王楚钦就展现出极强的自信和精湛的球技。空处应填名词作showed的宾语，confidence自信，不可数名词。故填confidence。
4．考查副词。句意：他及时调整策略，接连赢下接下来的三局。空处修饰动词won，用副词形式作状语，consecutively“连续地”。故填consecutively。
5．考查动词时态。句意：最终，他以4比1击败雨果，夺得男单冠军。and连接并列谓语，根据defeated可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填claimed。
6．考查动词时态。句意：在这场胜利之前，王楚钦曾遭遇无数困难与挫折。根据时间状语Before this victory可知，encounter所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词defeated之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had encountered。
7．考查定语从句。句意：在以往的重大赛事中，他有时会输掉关键比赛，这给他带来了巨大压力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．考查介词。句意：他的教练们也给予了他耐心的指导和支持。provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，意为“给某人提供某物”。故填with。
9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：作为首位“00 后”男子单打世界冠军，他展现了中国新一代乒乓球运动员的实力与潜力。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has demonstrated。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的成功必将激励更多年轻人在乒乓球领域追逐梦想。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to pursue。
Unit 4 Meeting the Muse
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．quote n．引文，引语
2．Dutch adj.荷兰的
3．float v．浮，漂
4．crouch v．蹲下；蹲伏
5．peacock n．(雄)孔雀
6．princess n．公主
7．ethnic adj.民族的
8．abstract adj.抽象(派)的
9．awe-inspiring adj.令人起敬的，令人钦佩的
10．installation n．现代雕塑装置(除物体外还用光、声等)
11．cable n．电缆12．wire fence铁丝网，铁丝栅栏
13．Greek adj.希腊的
14．literally adv.根据字面意思
15．technician n．巧匠
16．animation n．动画片
17．folk adj.民间的，民俗的
18．tale n．故事
19．wire n．金属丝；电线
20．trend n．趋势，动向
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．motion n．动，运动→motionless adj.一动不动的
2．compose v．作(曲)→composer n．作曲家
3．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的→innovate v．创新，改革→innovation n．革新，创新
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The fundamental purpose of Silkroad is (bring) people from across the globe together to play and listen to music.
【答案】to bring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：丝绸之路的根本目的是把来自全球各地的人们聚集在一起演奏和聆听音乐。系动词“is”后面需要一个表语来解释说明主语“purpose”的具体内容，不定式to bring作表语，可用来表示具体的、一次性的行为或目的。故填to bring。
2．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability.
【答案】innovative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次活动不仅开阔了学生们的眼界，也培养了我们创新的动手能力。空处修饰名词ability，应填形容词作定语，故填innovative。
3．When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water (literal) took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.
【答案】literally
【详解】考查副词。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，那里的蓝色湖水美得令人窒息。空处修饰动词took，应用副词literally，作状语，表示“简直，确实”。故填literally。
4．As is known to all, difficulties can bring a person’s best qualities. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】out
【详解】考查介词。句意：众所周知，困难能够激发出一个人最优秀的品质。动词短语bring out表示“激发，使显出”。故填out。
5．In contrast city life, time seems to pass very slowly in the countryside.
【答案】to/with
【详解】考查介词。句意：与城市生活相比，在农村时间过得似乎很慢。in contrast to/with是固定短语，意为“和……形成对比”，因此空格处是介词to/with。故填to/with。
6．We can see that he is satisfied with the (satisfy) grades.
【答案】satisfying
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们可以看出他对令人满意的成绩很满意。空处作修饰grades的定语，描述成绩的性质，应用satisfy的形容词形式satisfying，意为“令人满意的”。故填satisfying。
7．We got a little (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
【答案】sunburnt
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们有点晒伤，但这一天太放松了，我们并不介意。作表语，应用形容词sunburnt，故填sunburnt。
8．Parents put the books on the bottom shelf so that they were (access) to their kids.
【答案】accessible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：父母把书放在最底层的书架上，这样孩子们就能拿得到。be accessible to表示“能够接近的”。形容词作表语，故填accessible。
9．In life, we are occasionally supported by the people around us, of we are sometimes unaware. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在生活中，我们偶尔会得到周围人的支持，而我们有时却没有意识到。“of+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
10．The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to take more (responsible) for the education of their children.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府计划出台新的法律，迫使父母对孩子的教育承担更多的责任。空处需填名词responsibility，不可数，作宾语。故填responsibility。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·山西太原·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Xiaoming (1980-) is one of the most outstanding contemporary Chinese figures in the field of artificial intelligence robot manufacturing, 1 has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers.
He developed an interest in robotics at 2 very young age. With intense passion and unremitting efforts, he 3 (master) advanced technologies in robot programming, mechanical design, and sensor applications. One of the 4 (individual) who had a crucial influence on Wang Xiaoming was Professor Li, a renowned robotics expert from a top-tier university in China.
Wang Xiaoming is well-known in the robotics industry for the innovation and high-efficiency that he has brought to various types of robots, such as service robots, industrial robots, 5 educational robots. In recent years, he has shifted his research focus to humanoid robots and robots for medical care.
Notably, Wang Xiaoming is famous for developing a series of intelligent service robots that can interact with humans naturally. In 2020, he 6 (select) as the leader of the National Robot Innovation Team and 7 (brief) served as the chief consultant of the China Robotics Association, 8 was founded in 2015.
In summary, by 9 (utilize) cutting-edge algorithms, high-precision sensors, and advanced materials, Wang Xiaoming has succeeded in creating intelligent and practical robots that have improved people’s lives and promoted industrial development. Wang Xiaoming’s works continue to inspire the robotics community with their unique combination of traditional Chinese engineering wisdom and modern AI technologies, 10 (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics.
【答案】
1．who 2．a 3．mastered 4．individuals 5．and 6．was selected 7．briefly 8．which 9．utilizing 10．ensuring
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人工智能机器人制造领域杰出人物Wang Xiaoming的成就、研究方向、所获荣誉等，展现了他对机器人行业的贡献。
1．考查定语从句。句意：Wang Xiaoming(1980-)是中国当代人工智能机器人制造领域最杰出的人物之一，他在这个领域取得了显著成就，并且不像其他许多工程师那样受传统制造方法的限制。“____ has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“Wang Xiaoming”，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
2．考查冠词。句意：他在很小的时候就对机器人技术产生了兴趣。“at a/an (very young) age”是固定表达，意为“在(很小的)时候”，且very是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
3．考查时态。句意：带着强烈的热情和不懈的努力，他掌握了机器人编程、机械设计和传感器应用方面的先进技术。master(掌握)是谓语动词，根据语境可知，“掌握先进技术”这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时态。故填mastered。
4．考查名词。句意：对Wang Xiaoming有重要影响的人之一是李教授，他是中国一所顶尖大学的著名机器人专家。“one of the + 可数名词复数”是固定短语，表示“……之一”，用名词individual(个人)的复数形式individuals。故填individuals。
5．考查连词。句意：Wang Xiaoming在机器人行业以他为各种类型的机器人带来的创新和高效率而闻名，比如服务机器人、工业机器人和教育机器人。“service robots”、“industrial robots”和“educational robots”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。
6．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。select(选择，挑选)是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“In 2020”可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数代词，谓语用单数形式。故填was selected。
7．考查副词。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。提示词修饰动词served，用副词briefly作状语，意为“短暂地”。故填briefly。
8．考查定语从句。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。“____ was founded in 2015”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the China Robotics Association，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，通过利用前沿算法、高精度传感器和先进材料，Wang Xiaoming成功地创造出了智能实用的机器人，改善了人们的生活，促进了工业发展。by是介词，后面接动名词utilizing作宾语。故填utilizing。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：Wang Xiaoming的作品将中国传统工程智慧与现代人工智能技术独特结合，继续激励着机器人学界，确保了他在中国机器人发展史上的重要地位。“____ (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics”在句中作结果状语，ensure(确保)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Wang Xiaoming’s works之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动。故填ensuring。
（2025·辽宁鞍山·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Unlike traditional institutions, a museum devoted to the Eighth Route Army in Wuxiang country, Shanxi, tells history in a creative way, 1 (combine) historical narration with modern technology. Instead of physical craftwork, it features a “growing” exhibition space powered by AI and real-time data updates, and 2 (attract) 24,000 visitors so far.
Inside the museum, visitors can interact with digital characters of revolutionary heroes, listen to AI-narrated stories, 3 even step into virtual battlefields. In the Heroes of Taihang section, AI brings 40 colored portraits of local heroes including Wang Jiuhuan, who fought disguised (伪装) as a man 4 life. Among the portraits are a few blank frames, 5 honor unknown heroes. A digital map highlights 1,190 historical sites with 3D battle recreations. Meanwhile, a digital guide named Yang Hongxing, who 6 (dress) in an Eighth Route Army uniform, helps visitors 7 (thorough) explore the revolutionary history.
The museum also offers 8 (interact) experiences like real-time wartime poster creation, e-book reading, quizzes and personalized video making. As Ye Jian, the curator, emphasizes, digitization connects Red culture with young 9 (audience). With Red culture as its core, Wuxiang aims to take a series of measures in 10 hope of becoming a national demonstration zone for the integrated development of Red culture tourism.
【答案】
1．combining 2．has attracted 3．and 4．to 5．which 6．is dressed 7．thoroughly 8．interactive 9．audiences 10．the
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山西武乡八路军博物馆以创新方式讲述历史，将历史叙述与现代科技结合，还提供多种互动体验，旨在推动红色文化旅游融合发展。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统机构不同，山西武乡的一座八路军博物馆以创新的方式讲述历史，将历史叙述与现代科技相结合。“combine historical narration with modern technology”在句中作伴随状语，combine(结合)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a museum之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填combining。
2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它没有实体工艺品，其特色是由人工智能和实时数据更新驱动的“不断发展”的展览空间，到目前为止已经吸引了24000名游客。attract(吸引)是并列谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“so far”可知，描述过去持续到现在的行为，应用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数代词，助动词用has。故填has attracted。
3．考查连词。句意：在博物馆内，游客可以与革命英雄的数字角色互动，听人工智能讲述的故事，甚至踏入虚拟战场。“interact with digital characters of revolutionary heroes”、“listen to AI narrated stories”和“step into virtual battlefields”是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。
4．考查介词。句意：在太行英雄展区，人工智能赋予了包括王九焕在内的40幅当地英雄彩色画像以生命，王九焕曾女扮男装参战。“bring...to life”是固定短语，意为“使……栩栩如生；赋予……生命”。故填to。
5．考查定语从句。句意：在这些画像中有几个空白的相框，以纪念无名英雄。“____ honor unknown heroes”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词blank frames，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
6．考查时态和语态。句意：与此同时，一位名叫杨红星、身着八路军军装的数字导游帮助游客全面探索革命历史。dress(给……穿衣服)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语who(指代a digital guide named Yang Hongxing)之间是被动关系，“be dressed in”为固定搭配，表示“穿着”，且描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用is。故填is dressed。
7．考查副词。句意：与此同时，一位名叫杨红星、身着八路军军装的数字导游帮助游客全面探索革命历史。提示词修饰动词explore，应用其副词形式thoroughly作状语，意为“完全地，全面地”。故填thoroughly。
8．考查形容词。句意：博物馆还提供互动体验，如实时战时海报创作、电子书阅读、问答和个性化视频制作。提示词修饰名词experiences，应用其形容词interactive作定语，意为“互动的”。故填interactive。
9．考查名词复数。句意：正如馆长叶健所强调的，数字化将红色文化与年轻观众联系起来。可数名词audience作宾语，这里表示泛指年轻观众群体，应用复数形式。故填audiences。
10．考查冠词。句意：武乡以红色文化为核心，希望采取一系列措施，成为全国红色文化旅游融合发展的示范区。“in the hope of”是固定短语，意为“怀着……的希望”。故填the。
Unit 5 Revealing Nature
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
3．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
4．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先
5．evolution n．进化(论)
6．generate v．产生，创造
7．tortoise n．陆龟
8．primitive adj.原始的，低等的
9．goat n．山羊
10．giant adj.巨大的，特大的
11．giant tortoise巨型陆龟
12．comb-like adj.梳状的
13．myth n．(古代的)神话
14．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
15．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
16．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
17．seed n．种子，籽
18．sample n．样本
19．characteristic n．特征，特性
20．decline v．减少
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．distant adj.遥远的→distance n．距离
2．geologist n．地质学家→geography n．地理
3．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论)
4．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We should try to use more electricity (generate) by the sun and wind.
【答案】generated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该尝试更多地使用由太阳能和风能产生的电力。空处作后置定语，修饰名词electricity，需用非谓语动词形式，generate和electricity为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填generated。
2．There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too (distance) future.
【答案】distant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，在不太遥远的将来，情况会有所改善。空处作修饰future的定语，应用distance的形容词形式distant，意为“遥远的”。故填distant。
3．However, classrooms are still crowded students. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：然而，教室里仍然挤满了学生。固定短语be crowded with表示“挤满，充满”，符合句意。故填with。
4．I’m (convince) that the only thing that kept me going was what I loved what I did.
【答案】convinced
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我深信唯一让我坚持下去的就是我对所做事情的热爱。结合句中的“I’m”可知，后面需要跟形容词作表语，所给词convince的形容词形式为convinced“坚信的，确信的”，构成短语be convinced that，意为“确信，承认”。故填convinced。
5．In those days, she was fascinated past visitors. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：在那些日子里，她被过往的游客迷住了。be fascinated by是固定搭配，意为“被……吸引”，表示对某事或某人感兴趣。故填by。
6．Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite (peace) in his heart.
【答案】peaceful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然他深陷困境，但他内心仍然非常平静。空处应使用形容词形式，作表语，根据句中Though he has run deep into trouble可知，此处表示尽管身陷困境，但内心仍然平静，所以空处应用形容词peaceful，表示“内心平静的”。故填peaceful。
7．The (declare) of Independence was adopted by Congress on 4 July, 1776.
【答案】Declaration
【详解】考查名词。句意：1776年7月4日，国会通过了《独立宣言》。此处使用名词declaration“宣言”，作主语，专有名词，首字母大写。故填Declaration。
8． (surprise), we caught the honest boy stealing money from others.
【答案】Surprisingly
【详解】考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们发现那个诚实的男孩在偷别人的钱。分析句子可知，空处应填副词Surprisingly“令人惊讶的是”作句子状语，位于句首首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。
9．The first mention of the (discover) appeared in an article last year.
【答案】discovery
【详解】考查名词。句意：去年的一篇文章首次提到了这一发现。由此处作宾语，应用名词discovery。故填discovery。
10．Most languages are constantly evolving and changing. This kind of (evolve) keeps them alive.
【答案】evolution
【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数语言都在不断发展和变化。这种进化使它们得以生存。根据介词of可知，此处用提示词的名词形式evolution作介词of的宾语构成短语This kind of evolution作本句的主语。故填evolution。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”.
Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too.
That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them.
Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease.
【答案】
1．the 2．protecting 3．himself/his 4．called 5．in 6．to fight 7．If/When 8．viruses 9．exposure 10．completely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了18世纪末Edward Jenner发现接种牛痘提取物能预防天花，从而开创疫苗接种的历史，并解释了抗体如何通过识别相似病毒提供免疫力。
1．考查冠词。句意：早在18世纪末，远在人们理解免疫原理之前，英国乡村的农民和医生注意到，挤奶女工和其他感染过一种名为牛痘的轻微疾病的人，很少染上其可怕的近亲——天花。空后为late 1700s，“某世纪某年代”前需加定冠词the。故填the。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为有，于是将牛痘的提取物注入健康人手臂上的切口，从而以某种方式保护他们免受天花侵害。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用protect“保护”的现在分词形式。故填protecting。
3．考查代词。句意：1798年，一位名叫Edward Jenner的医生发表了使用此方法的实验结果，并因此赢得了“免疫学之父”的声誉。earn sb. sth.意为“为某人赢得某物”，空处作earning的宾语，此处earn这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用he的反身代词形式，或用earn sth.表示“赢得某物，挣得某物”，把空处看作修饰名词fame的定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填himself/his。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当人感染牛痘时，身体会产生一种特殊的细胞，称为抗体。空处是非谓语，作special cells的后置定语，call“称作”和special cells逻辑上是被动关系，因此用call的过去分词形式。故填called。
5．考查介词。句意：它们还会留在血液中，以防疾病再次来袭。结合“the disease ever returned”可知，此处应用固定搭配in case表示“以防”，引导目的状语从句。故填in。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于牛痘和天花非常相似，如果一个人后来接触更严重的天花病毒，抗体也能迅速投入战斗。be ready to do sth.是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，空处应用fight“与……作斗争”的不定式形式。故填to fight。
7．考查状语从句。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。前半句也可理解为是后半句发生的条件，空处可用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；前半句可理解为和后半句同时发生，空处可用从属连词when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，且空处位于句首，if或when的首字母均需大写。故填If/When。
8．考查名词的数。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。空处作with的宾语，those后应用可数名词virus“病毒”的复数形式。故填viruses。
9．考查名词。句意：理想情况下，应在接触病毒前接种疫苗。空处作介词to的宾语，名词exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。
10．考查副词。句意：但若在接触后3天内接种，仍能完全预防或大幅减轻天花症状；而在接触后4至7天内接种，也可能提供部分保护或减轻病情。空处修饰动词prevent，副词completely符合题意，意为“完全地”。故填completely。
（2025·山东临沂·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One method of joining and inserting (嵌入) can create thousands of 1 (possibility), which is a unique technique with a history of over 7,000 years, known in Chinese as Sun-Mao.
It is the most common structuring approach in ancient Chinese architecture and furniture. With the Sun-Mao structure, ancient Chinese architects 2 (be) able to create complex buildings and home furniture without a nail or glue.
Stability is the most important characteristic of Sun-Mao. A wooden tower 3 (build) in 1056, 4 (survive) seven strong earthquakes and still stands proud, all thanks to the Sun-Mao structure. Sun-Mao absorbs some of the seismic wave (地震波) by changing its own form, markedly 5 (raise) earthquake resistance of the entire structure.
Similarly, Sun-Mao plays its “stabilizer” role in furniture. The seat part of a chair 6 (support) by its four legs as well as the cheng under its surface, a smaller supportive upper stick 7 transforms part of the weight to the downer legs. In this way, the entire chair can work longer. While every component of the Sun-Mao structure is thin, they can take 8 (incredible) massive weight by supporting each other.
Sun-Mao has always been an important part of Chinese architecture. In 2009, it was listed 9 the United Nations Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Chinese people’s love of nature 10 pursuit of harmonious coexistence is also embedded (融入) within.
【答案】
1．possibilities 2．were 3．built 4．has survive 5．raising 6．is supported 7．which/that 8．incredibly 9．as 10．and
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统建筑和家具中常用的榫卯结构（Sun-Mao），阐述了其历史、特点、应用以及文化价值。
1．考查名词复数。句意：一种连接和嵌入的方法可以创造出成千上万种可能性，这是一种拥有7,000多年历史的独特技术，在中国被称为榫卯。thousands of后接可数名词复数形式，possibility为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填possibilities。
2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：有了榫卯结构，中国古代建筑师无需钉子或胶水就能建造复杂的建筑和家居家具。根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，主语architects为复数，be动词应用were。故填were。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一座建于1056年的木塔经历了七次强烈地震，至今仍屹立不倒，这都要归功于榫卯结构。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，A wooden tower与build之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填built。
4．考查动词时态。句意：一座建于1056年的木塔经历了七次强烈地震，至今仍屹立不倒，这都要归功于榫卯结构。根据后面的and still stands可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据语境可知，动作（survive）从过去（1056 年建造后）持续到现在（still stands），所以应用现在完成时，主语A wooden towe为单数，助动词用has。故填has survived。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：榫卯通过改变自身形态来吸收部分地震波，显著提高了整个结构的地震抵抗力。句中已有谓语动词absorbs，且无其它连词，所以此处应用非谓语动词作状语，Sun-Mao与raise之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填raising。
6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：椅子的座面由四条腿以及其表面下的撑（cheng）支撑，撑是一根较小的上部支撑棒，它将部分重量转移到下腿上。句子描述的是一种客观事实或科学真理，所以应用一般现在时，又因主语the seat part of a chair与support为被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为单数。故填is supported。
7．考查定语从句。句意：椅子的座面由四条腿以及其表面下的撑（cheng）支撑，撑是一根较小的上部支撑棒，它将部分重量转移到下腿上。此处为定语从句，先行词为a smaller supportive upper stick，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
8．考查副词。句意：虽然榫卯结构的每个部件都很薄，但它们可以通过相互支撑来承受难以置信的巨大重量。修饰形容词massive应用incredible的副词形式incredibly“难以置信地”。故填incredibly。
9．考查介词。句意：2009年，它被列入联合国人类非物质文化遗产名录。be listed as“被列为”为固定短语。故填as。
10．考查连词。句意：中国人对自然的热爱和对和谐共处的追求也融入其中。love of nature和pursuit of harmonious coexistence为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
Unit 6 Nurturing Nature
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1．delicate adj.脆弱的
2．landmark n．地标
3．permafrost n．永久冻土层
4．Tibetan adj.西藏的
5．antelope n．羚羊
6．wetland n．湿地
7．grassland n．草原
8．mirror-like adj.如镜面般的
9．scenery n．风景，景色
10．plateau n．高原
11．emission n．散发物，排放物
12．via prep.通过(某人、某机器等)传送(某物)；借助于
13．splendid adj.壮丽的
14．leisure n．空闲，闲暇
15．radiation n．辐射
16．wander v．徘徊
17．jungle n．(热带)丛林
18．candidate n．申请者
19．genuine adj.真的，真正的
20．salary n．薪金，工资
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1．steadily adv.平稳地→steady adj.稳定的
2．massive adj.巨大的→mass n．块，团
3．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济的
4．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的→disturbance n．打扰；骚乱
5．operator n．经营者→operate v．经营；操作→operation n．操作；经营；运转；手术
6．conservationist n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者→conservation n．保护
7．applicant n．申请人→apply v．申请→application n．申请
8．favour n．支持，赞同→favourable adj.支持的
9．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)→advertisement n．广告
10．negotiable adj.可协商的→negotiate v．谈判，协商→negotiation n．谈判，协商
11．preference n．优先(权)→prefer v．更喜欢，偏爱
12．qualification n．资格，技能条件→qualify v．使具有资格
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．All (apply) must submit entries by the specified deadline.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有申请者必须在指定截止日期前提交参赛作品。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，applicant，表“申请者”，符合句意，且由All可知，这里应用名词复数形式。故填applicants。
2．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你对某事有偏好，你更喜欢拥有或做这件事，而不是其他事情。该空需要一个名词作宾语，提示词prefer为动词，其名词形式拼写为preference，短语have a preference for sth.意为“对某事/物有偏爱，偏爱某事/物”。故填preference。
3． (wander) aimlessly in the street for hours, I felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat.
【答案】Having wandered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在街上漫无目的地徘徊了几个小时后，我感到有点饿了，希望能找点东西吃。此处wander与I构成主动关系，且动作已经完成，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having wandered。
4．Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery life.
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：水鸟在湖中戏耍，牛羊在草原上漫步，使景色变得生动起来。句子使用短语bring...to life“使……生动起来”，故填to。
5．The progress, albeit slow, was (stead) advancing towards the ultimate goal, much to the satisfaction of the overseeing supervisor.
【答案】steadily
【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管进展缓慢，但正稳步朝着最终目标推进，这让负责监督的主管很是满意。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“advancing”，“stead”是名词，意为“代替；用处”等，其形容词形式 “steady”表示“稳定的，稳步的”，副词形式 “steadily”表示“稳定地，稳步地”，在句中强调尽管进展缓慢，但正稳步朝着最终目标推进，符合语境要求。故填steadily。
6．She tried her best to make a (favour) impression on his parents.
【答案】favourable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她尽力给他的父母留下好印象。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词impression，应该用形容词favorable。故填favorable。
7．Unfortunately, the young man suffered a (mass) heart attack.
【答案】massive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，这个年轻人突发了严重的心脏病。根据空前不定冠词a和空后名词短语heart attack可知，空处需填形容词作定语，mass为名词，意为“大量；块”，其形容词为massive，意为“非常严重的，十分危急的”。故填massive。
8．The doctor consulted with his colleagues about the (operate) on the patient.
【答案】operation
【详解】考查名词。句意：医生就病人的手术与同事们商量了一下。作介词的宾语，应用名词operation，此处为特指用单数。故填operation。
9．This is an exciting challenge and salary is (negotiate)
【答案】negotiable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个令人兴奋的挑战，并且薪水是可协商的。根据空前is可知，空处应填一个形容词，作is表语，动词negotiate意为“谈判”，其形容词形式为negotiable，意为“可协商的”。故填negotiable。
10．The nature of the contract terms, which allows for adjustments and compromises, was a key and decisive point in the complex business deal. (negotiate)
【答案】negotiable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：合同条款的可谈判性，允许调整和妥协，是复杂商业交易中的关键和决定性因素。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词nature。所给词negotiate的形容词形式negotiable意为“可协商的，可讨论的”，符合句意。故填negotiable。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
（2025·广东惠州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Listen, that’s a magpie singing.” said Xu Keyi, a wildlife 1 (photograph) who can identify bird species by just hearing their calls. Xu, 37, developed an interest in capturing animals on camera when she was a child, always dreaming of traveling the world 2 a camera.
Before embracing a career in wildlife photography, she 3 (engage) in journalism. The turning point came during a trip to the South Pole, 4 Xu witnessed penguin parents fearlessly defending their chickens from intruders (侵入者). The moment deepened her passion for immersing herself in nature.
In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 5 (leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. During a journey to film the golden kaiserihind, the only butterfly on 6 list of first-class national protected wild animals in China, Xu met an elderly wildlife protector. He 7 (voice) his concerns about the lack of people devoted to 8 (protect) the species. “Shortly after I published my photos of golden kaiserihind, a group of volunteers hoped to join the conservation efforts after

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