资源简介

(共49张PPT)
Unit 8 We're trying to save the earth!
SectionA GF-4c
Revision
不同种类的污染
2. 河底
3. 把垃圾扔到河里
4. 在……中起作用
different kinds of pollution
the bottom of the river
throw rubbish into the river
play a part in
I. Check if you know these phrases.
5. 在中国南部
6. 对……有害
7. 在……顶部
8. 海洋生态系统
in southern China
be harmful to
at the top of…
the ocean’s ecosystem
1.听说 hear of
2.切除 cut off
3.不再 no more = not…any more
4.不但...而且... not only ...but also
5.在过去的20---30年里 in the last 20 to30 years
6.对...有害 be harmful to
7.在...的顶部 at the top of
8.比如 such as
9.对...有益 be good for
10.到目前为止 so far
11.事实上 in fact
12.处在危险中 be in danger
Grammar Focus
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs
现在进行时: Present progressive
结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing
标志词：Look, Listen, now, right now…
e.g. Look! The boy is crying.
定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。或说话者的强烈情感。
一、现在进行时：
①表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作、发生的事情，常与now/right now/at this moment/ at present等时间状语连用，或用在look/listen等引出的句子里。
e.g. What are you doing at home now 你现在在家干什么？
Look! A monkey is climbing the tree. 看！一只猴子在爬树。
②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行），常与at present/these days/this week(month,term)等时间状语连用。
e.g. She is working for a company at present. 她目前正在一家公司上班。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期盼很快收到你的来信。
③表示反复出现的习惯性动作；表示说话人现在对主语行为的赞美、遗憾、讨厌、不满、同情等情感或对某一心理的生动描述，常与always/usually/all the time 等副词连用。
e.g. He is always doing things carelessly.他做事总是马马虎虎的。
Conditions are changing all the time. 情况始终都在变化。
④表示根据计划或安排，在近期内即将进行的动作或马上就要发生的事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，常用的有come/go/leave/start/arrive/return/stay等表移动、方向的动词。
e.g. They are leaving for Paris this afternoon.他们今天下午动身去巴黎。
Mr. Green is flying to Canada tomorrow. 格林先生明天就要飞往加拿大。
现在分词的构成：
a. 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing；
b. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing；
c. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的， 双写最后一个字母，再加-ing；
d. 以ie结尾的变ie为y，再加-ing.
练习：写出下列动词的现在分词
see ___________ say __________ stop __________
have __________ listen _________ use _________
forget _________ burn _________ lie_________
seeing
saying
stopping
having
listening
using
forgetting
burning
lying
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Listen! The phone __________(ring).
Please go to answer it.
— Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed
— Jenny hasn’t come back yet.
I ___________(wait) for her.
3. — What’s your father doing now
— He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
is ringing
am waiting
is writing
1. Paul, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand
— Just a minute. I ______ my e-mail. (2017 河南)
A. am checking B. will check
C. have checked D. was checking
中考链接
A
2. Don’t take the dictionary away, I _____ it. (2017 河北)
A. use B. used
C. am using D. have used
C
⒈I think people are (throw) litter into the river and factories are also (put) waste into the river.
2. People's behavior is (turn) beautiful places into ugly ones.
3. Do you realize that you're (kill) a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
4. Environmental protection groups are (teach) the public about "finning".
5. He is always (lose) things.
6. The weather is (get) warmer and warmer these days.
7. The Bus345 (come) soon.
8. I (take) my vacation in Sanya now.
9. Listen! The birds (sing) in the tree.
10. ---Where is your mother
---Perhaps she (cook) in the kitchen.
throwing
putting
turning
killing
teaching
losing
getting
is coming
am taking
are singing
is cooking
used to do与be used to doing
used to do sth. :“过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了”, 后接动词原形。
1) 否定句形式：didn't use to do sth.
e.g. I didn't use to sing.
2) 一般疑问句形式：Did sb. use to do sth.
e.g. Did he use to swim
3) 附加疑问句式：...,didn't sb.
e.g. Jim used to be naughty, didn't he
be used to doing sth. :习惯于做某事
e.g. She is used to studying alone.
be used to+do :“被用来做某事”, to是不定式符号。
e.g. The knife is used to cut things.
e.g. 1)She used to play the piano.
2)I am used to walking to school now.
3) The computer is used to store information.
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
1.The river used to (be) clean , but it is full of rubbish now.
2. I didn't use to (like) him much when we were at school.
3. You used to (see) her often,didn't you
4. Did she use to (have) long hair
1. I don't think I can get used to (live) in a big city after living in the country.
2. We will soon be used to (learn) online.
3. The food isn't tasty and it will take you some time to get used to (it).
4. I used to (walk) to school, but now I'm used to (ride) to school.
be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于…，适应于…；习惯做某事
be
like
see
have
living
learning
it
walk
riding
My grandfather built this house in 1930.
This house was built (by my grandfather) in 1930.
Passive voice
be + V-ed
主
谓
宾
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be+过去分词
e.g. 1) A new school was built last year.
2) Our classroom is cleaned every day.
3) The trees have been cut down.
4) The music is being recorded.
5) A big mall will be built next year.
二、被动语态：
1.谓语动词结构：be动词+动词的过去分词（be动词有人称和数的变化）
2.何时适用 被动语态：
①不知道或没有必要提及动作的执行者时；
e.g. My car was stolen last night. 我的车昨晚被偷了。
②强调动作的承受者或事情的结果时；
e.g. The plan was successfully carried out. 这个计划成功地实施了。
③为使句子结构合理、语言流畅等句法修辞需要时；
e.g. His book is liked by those who are interested in modern culture.
他的书受到那些对现代文化感兴趣的人们的欢迎。
④出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者时；
e.g.Marx was born in Germany in 1818. 马克思1818年生于德国。
⑤在公告、通知、新闻报报纸标题、书刊介绍、科技文章中；
e.g. Work Helper Is Wanted! 招聘助理
⑥习惯用法的需要时；
e.g. The boy is very interested in computer studies. 这个男孩儿对电脑特感兴趣。
各种形式被动语态的结构(以动词do为例):
一般现在时: am/is/are+done(动词的过去分词)
一般过去时: was/were+done
一般将来时: will/shall/ be/be(am/is/are) going to+be+done
现在进行时：am/is/are being +done
过去进行时: was/were being +done
现在完成时: have/has been +done
过去完成时：had been + done
含情态动词: can/may/must...+be+done
1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词与一些副词连用表示被动意义。
smell, taste, prove（证明）, sell, etc.
1) The dish tastes delicious.
2) The theory proved right at last.
3) The book is so interesting that it sells well.
4) The pen writes well.
不可以变成被动语态的情况
need做实意动词时，need + V- ing
主动形式表示被动意义。
我的车需要修理。
My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired).
战争爆发了。
The war broke out.
但不能说：The war was broken out.
2. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。
The mobile phone ______ in 1973.
(2017 北京)
A. invents B. is invented
C. invented D. was invented
中考链接
D
2. Let’s wait and see whether books _____ by the Internet in the future. (2017 天津)
A. replace B. replaced
C. will be replaced D. were replaced
C
3. —Why are you leaving your job
—I can’t stand it any longer. I _____ always _____ to work overtime. (2017 河南)
A. am; asking B. am; asked
C. was; asking D. was; asked
B
实战演习：
1. That swimming pool (build) in 2009.
2. A new school (build) in the city next year .
3. Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher.
4. The Great Wall (know) all over the world.
5.He says that Mr Zhang (send) to the factory next week.
6.The monkey was seen (jump) off the tree.
7. 那个男孩被迫每天做大量的工作。（make)
8. 老年人应该被好好照料。（look)
9.你的书肯定没有被偷。（steal)
was built
will be built
is being drawn
is known
will be sent
to jump
The boy is made to do too much work every day.
The old should be looked after.
Your book can't be stolen.
Lily, clean your teeth please.
Mum, I have already cleaned them.
future
present
past
cleaned teeth
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，并对现在有影响。
现在完成时: Present perfect
定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过 去的动作或状态持续到现在。
结构: 主语+ has/have + 过去分词
标志词: already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently, so far, for+一段时间, since+时 间点/从句。
三、现在完成时:
1.表示过去发生的或说话之前已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不具体涉及动作发生的时间，常与already/yet/ever/never/just/before/recently等笼统的时间状语连用。
e.g. I have never seen him before. 我以前从没有见过他。
2.表示过去某时开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，这个动作或状态也许还会持续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用，如since five years ago, since 2004, since yesterday, since he came here, since then, for three years, for a long time, so far, all one's life…。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
e.g. I have known her for a long time. 我已经认识她好久了。
3.现在完成时还常与in the last/past few years, in the recent years, during the past few years等时间状语连用，表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。
e.g. Great changes have taken place in the city in the last five years.
在过去的5年当中，这个城市发生了巨大变化。
4.在“最高级+名词”或在“这是第几次”之后+定语从句，从句用现在完成时。
e.g. This is the third time you have failed in the exam. 这是你第三次考试不及格了。
It is the best film (that) I've ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
…
区分have/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in
have/has been to:去过某地, 说话时已从该地回来;
have/has gone to:去了某地, 或在去该地的途中, 现在还不曾回 来, 说话时不在说话地点;
have/has been in:“已在某地(待了多久)”, 常与表示一段时间 的状语连用。
e.g.1) Jim has gone to London with his family.
2) The Greens have been in China for two years.
3) Have you been to Beijing before
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.
3. Tom __________ (work) there since two years ago.
4. The twins ___________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He _________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ____ Sally _____ (sing) yet
have been
have
heard
has worked
Exercise
have washed
has played
has
sung
实战演习：
1. It （rain）for a week.
2.---Let’s go to the cinema.
---No, I （see, already）the film.
3. I （buy）the bike two weeks ago.
I （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I （have）it for two weeks.
4. They can’t go with us. They （finish, not）the work yet.
5.In the past few years, we (build) a lot of buildings.
6. Such a thing （happen, never）in the village before.
7. Xiangyang is the most city that I (be)
has rained
have already seen
bought
have had
have had
haven't finished
have built
has never happened
have been to
情态动词
用来表示能力、应该、请求等,
后接动词原形。
情态动词 modal verb
1. 情态动词其实就是语气助动词，本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。
常见的有:can (could),may (might),must,need,shall (should), will (would),need等。
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式一般在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g.1) Ken can climb up the tree like a koala.
2)Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
3)You mustn't play with fire. It is dangerous.


四、情态动词：
can的用法：①（表示能力、功能）会 e.g. Robert can speak several languages.
②(表示推测，用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句）可能（会）
e.g. That can't be Mary, she's in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽，她住院了。
③（表示允许、请求允许、口语中可与may换用）可以
e.g. Can/May I park my car here 我可以把车停在这儿吗？
could的用法：①（表示过去）有能力做… e.g. She could tell right from wrong at an early age.
②(表示推测，较can不确定）可能，大概，会 e.g. He said the news could be true.
③(用于虚拟语气句子中）能 e.g. How I wish I could stop the flight of time!
may的用法：①（表示一种可能或推测，语气比might强，比can弱）可能，也许
e.g. He may come here,I'm not sure about that.
②(在疑问句中表示请求对方许可，可与can换用）可以……吗？
e.g. May(can/could/might) I have a talk with you 我可以和你谈谈吗？
③回答may引导的问句，肯定用 Yes, you may/can.否定用 No, you must't/can't.
might的用法：①（是may的过去式，用于宾语从句中，表示过去）可能，可以
e.g. She asked if she might open the window.
②(表示推测，语气比may更委婉，可能性也更小）可能，也许
e.g. I'm afraid it might rain tonight.
③（表示有礼貌地提出建议、请求、询问等，比may,can更委婉）
e.g. You might (=may) call him back later.
must的用法：①（表示说话人主观意志，并根据法规、道德、习俗等规定的义务、责任，以及做某事 的必要性等，来建议、劝告、命令、强制某人）必须做……
e.g. We must take action to prevent disaster. 我们必须采取行动以防灾难。
②（表示有根据、有把握，符合逻辑的推测，只能用于肯定句，其否定式用can't来代 替）一定，准是 。常用句型结构有：must +do; must+ be doing; must+have done; There must be+n./pron.
③回答must引导的问句时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to/don't need to，（因为mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”之意）
have to的用法：①（可用于各种时态，还可以和其它情态动词连用，表示因客观环境条件或事态的迫 使而）不得不 e.g. I missed the bus and had to walk home.（客观条件迫使）
We may have to put off the match because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，我们可 能得推迟比赛。
②don't/didn't have to 表示没有必要 e.g. We didn't have to go there that day.
should的用法：①（指说话者主观上觉得有责任、义务、必要）应该，必须
②（表示说话者根据一定的依据进行猜测、推测、推论）按理说应该
③（用于问句，表示征求同意，征询情况等）可以，该
e.g. Should I call him and apologize 我应该打电话向他道歉吗？
④用在in order that, so that等引导的目的状语从句中，以及由if引导的与将来事实相反的 条件状语从句中
would的用法： ①（在疑问句中，常表示客气委婉、有礼貌地提出请求、建议、邀请等）请
②（表示意志、意愿、决心、希望、愿望、劝告等）会；要；愿
③（常用于有条件从句修饰的主句中，表示虚拟语气）要，将要，会，就会
实战演习：
1.Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the gym just now.
A.can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
2. --- I finish my work now
---No, you . You can do it later.
A. May;needn't B.Must;don't have to C.Can;couldn't D.May;can't
3.---Can we play soccer here
---No, you play it near the road. That's too dangerous!
A. can B. may C.won't D.mustn't
4.--- I take photos here
---No, you mustn't. Don't you see the sign "NO PHOTOS"
A. Would B.Should C.Must D.May
5. I go now, or I'll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
Translation.
1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。
2. 首先你必须完成作业。
3. 他现在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
Exercise
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
Translation.
1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。
2. 首先你必须完成作业。
3. 他现在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
1. —_____ I park my car here for a while
— No, you mustn’t. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING” (2017 上海)
A. Would B. May
C. Must D. Should
中考链接
B
2. — May I take the dog with me, sir
— ______. Pets are not allowed to enter the hall. (2017 重庆)
A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn’t
C. Yes, you can D. No, you needn’t
B
3. — I don’t care what people think.
— Well, you _____. You’re not alone in this world. (2017 河南)
A. can B. may
C. should D. will
C
4. I have traveled a lot. I _____ speak four languages. (2017 河北)
A. can B. may
C. must D. need
A
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ____ ever ____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
参加
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000 people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait) any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起
4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: you ever (take) part in an environmental project
Ken: Yes,I have. I (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year.
It was (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ever (have)
Joe: How many people (take) part
Ken:I (think) more than 1,000 people (come) to help out.
Joe:That's fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is (try) to improve the environment.
Ken:Yes,we can't afford to (wait) any longer to take action!
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
took
think
came
trying
wait
4b
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
People __________ think that big things_____ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ____ save electricity by
may/might
must
can
can
would
could
have to
should
must
may/ might
turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ______ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you __________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things ______ add up and become big things that
could
have to
can/should
can/could
_________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
could
would/can
4c
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输);
turn off the lights when you leave a room; use reusable bags instead of plastic bags; ride your bike or walk to school or work; stop using paper napkins (n. 餐巾纸);recycle books and paper…
1. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
afford v. 承担得起;买得起；提供, 给予
常与can, be able to连用
afford sth. 买得起/承受得起某物
afford to do sth. 有能力做某事/负担得起做某事
e.g. Can you afford the mobile phone
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
afford & buy
afford侧重“有经济能力买”，而buy则侧重“购买(这一行为)”。
表示“我买不起……”可以说I can’t afford ...，但不能说I can’t buy ...。
用afford或buy的适当形式填空。
1) They can’t _______ to send their children to college.
2) Can you _______ a new car
3) Helen _______ some fruit on her way home yesterday.
afford
afford
buy
2. …save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.
turn off 关掉
e.g. 睡觉前请关掉电视。(翻译)
Please turn the television off
before you go to bed.
turn on 打开, 发动
turn around 转身
turn up 调高(音量)
turn down 调低; 拒绝
turn into 变成; 进入
turn over 移交
turn off 关闭
拓展: turn相关短语
六
种
时
态
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 现在完成时
用法 表示经常性发生的动作、习惯性动作或客观真理、科学事实等。 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。 表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去发生或者未发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成 方式 1. 动词be(am/is/are) + 表语… 2. 动词原形 + … (主语是第三人称单 数，动词也用第三人称单数) 1. 动词was/were + 表语 2. 实义动词的过 去式 + … be(am/is/are) + 动词的现在分词 was / were + 动词的现在分词 1. will/shall + 动词原形 (shall 用于第一人称) 2. be going to + 动词原形 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …
句 型 变 化 疑 问 式 1. Be + 主语 + … 2. Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+ … 1. Was/Were + 主 语 + … 2. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + … Be + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + … Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + …？ 1. Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形+ … 2. Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形 + … Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …？
否 定 式 1. 主语 + be + not + … 2. 主语+don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + … 1. 主语 + was/were + not +… 2. 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + … 主语 + be + not + 动词的现在分词 + … 主语 + wasn’t (was not) / weren’t (were not) + 动词的现在分词 + … 1. 主语 + will/shall not + 动词原形 + … 2. 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 + … 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词 + …

展开更多......

收起↑