Unit 3 Same or Different 单词增量讲解【提高词汇量及词汇辨识能力】—人教版英语八年级上册

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Unit 3 Same or Different 单词增量讲解【提高词汇量及词汇辨识能力】—人教版英语八年级上册

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【2022新课标】
2024新人教版初中英语八上
【全册】
单词增量讲解
【提高词汇量及词汇辨识能力】
初中英语新教材(2022新课标)全面提高了学生对英语学习能力的要求,全英教材下重词汇、重阅读、重口语、重写作,而提高词汇量及词汇辨识能力是基础。
Unit 3 Same or Different
(同:同义词;反,反义词;派生:派生词)
1. identical /a dent k l/
- adj. 完全相同的
- 同:alike(相似的) 反:different(不同的)
- 短语:identical twins(同卵双胞胎)
- 例句:Their test answers were identical.(他们的考试答案完全一样)
2. similar / s m l r/
- adj. 相似的
- 同:comparable(可比较的) 反:dissimilar(不相似的)
- 派生:similarity n. 相似点 similarly adv. 相似地
- 例句:Our opinions are similar on this issue.(我们对此事的看法相似)
3. distinct /d st kt/
- adj. 截然不同的
- 同:unique(独特的) 反:identical(相同的)
- 短语:distinct features(鲜明特征)
- 例句:Each culture has distinct traditions.(每种文化都有独特传统)
4. comparison /k m p r sn/
- n. 比较
- 同:contrast(对比)
- 短语:by comparison(相比之下)
- 派生:compare v.
- 例句:The comparison shows clear differences.(比较显示出明显差异)
5. contrast / kɑ ntr st/
- n. 对比
- 同:difference(差异) 反:similarity(相似)
- 短语:in contrast(相反)
- 例句:The contrast between them is striking.(他们的对比很鲜明)
6. common / kɑ m n/
- adj. 共同的
- 同:shared(共享的) 反:rare(稀有的)
- 短语:common interest(共同兴趣)
- 例句:We have many common hobbies.(我们有许多共同爱好)
7. unique /ju ni k/
- adj. 独一无二的
- 同:special(特别的) 反:common(普通的)
- 派生:uniqueness n.
- 例句:Her perspective is truly unique.(她的观点非常独特)
8. diverse /da v rs/
- adj. 多样化的
- 同:varied(多样的) 反:uniform(一致的)
- 派生:diversity n.
- 例句:Our class has diverse backgrounds.(我们班级背景多样)
9. typical / t p kl/
- adj. 典型的
- 同:representative(代表性的) 反:atypical(非典型的)
- 短语:typical example(典型例子)
- 例句:This is a typical Chinese greeting.(这是典型的中式问候)
10. universal / ju n v rsl/
- adj. 普遍的
- 同:global(全球的) 反:local(地方的)
- 派生:universally adv.
- 例句:Smiling is a universal language.(微笑是通用语言)
11. particular /p r t kj l r/
- adj. 特定的
- 同:specific(具体的) 反:general(普遍的)
- 短语:in particular(尤其)
- 例句:This custom is particular to this region.(这是该地区特有的习俗)
12. opposite / ɑ p z t/
- adj. 相反的
- 同:contrary(对立的) 反:same(相同的)
- 短语:opposite views(相反观点)
- 例句:They hold opposite opinions.(他们持相反意见)
13. custom / k st m/
- n. 习俗
- 同:tradition(传统)
- 派生:customary adj.
- 例句:Local customs should be respected.(应尊重当地习俗)
14. tradition /tr d n/
- n. 传统
- 同:heritage(遗产)
- 派生:traditional adj.
- 例句:The festival has a long tradition.(这个节日历史悠久)
15. culture / k lt r/
- n. 文化
- 派生:cultural adj.
- 短语:culture shock(文化冲击)
- 例句:Language is part of culture.(语言是文化的一部分)
16. identity /a dent ti/
- n. 身份
- 同:character(特征)
- 派生:identify v.
- 例句:Food shapes cultural identity.(食物塑造文化认同)
17. habit / h b t/
- n. 习惯
- 同:routine(常规)
- 短语:bad habit(坏习惯)
- 例句:Punctuality is a good habit.(守时是好习惯)
18. value / v lju /
- n. 价值观
- 同:principle(原则)
- 派生:valuable adj.
- 例句:Family values vary across cultures.(家庭观因文化而异)
19. belief /b li f/
- n. 信仰
- 同:faith(信念)
- 派生:believe v.
- 例句:We should respect different beliefs.(我们应尊重不同信仰)
20. attitude / t tu d/
- n. 态度
- 同:perspective(观点)
- 例句:His attitude toward work is positive.(他工作态度积极)
21. behavior /b he vj r/
- n. 行为
- 同:conduct(举止)
- 派生:behave v.
- 例句:Cultural norms influence behavior.(文化规范影响行为)
22. norm /n rm/
- n. 规范
- 同:standard(标准)
- 派生:normal adj.
- 例句:Social norms differ globally.(社会规范全球不同)
23. perspective /p r spekt v/
- n. 视角
- 同:viewpoint(观点)
- 例句:Try to understand other perspectives.(试着理解其他视角)
24. prejudice / pred ud s/
- n. 偏见
- 同:bias(偏见) 反:fairness(公平)
- 派生:prejudiced adj.
- 例句:We must overcome prejudice.(我们必须克服偏见)
25. stereotype / steri ta p/
- n. 刻板印象
- 同:generalization(概括)
- 派生:stereotypical adj.
- 例句:Avoid cultural stereotypes.(避免文化刻板印象)
26. tolerance / tɑ l r ns/
- n. 包容
- 同:acceptance(接纳) 反:intolerance(不包容)
- 派生:tolerant adj.
- 例句:Tolerance promotes harmony.(包容促进和谐)
27. harmony / hɑ rm ni/
- n. 和谐
- 同:accord(一致) 反:conflict(冲突)
- 派生:harmonious adj.
- 例句:Different cultures can coexist in harmony.(不同文化能和谐共存)
pare /k m per/
- v. 比较
- 同:contrast(对比)
- 派生:comparison n.
- 例句:Compare these two solutions.(比较这两种解决方案)
29. differ / d f r/
- v. 不同
- 同:vary(变化) 反:agree(一致)
- 派生:difference n.
- 例句:Our tastes differ greatly.(我们的品味大不相同)
30. resemble /r zembl/
- v. 相似
- 同:look like(看起来像)
- 派生:resemblance n.
- 例句:The sisters resemble each other.(姐妹俩长得很像)
31. distinguish /d st ɡw /
- v. 区分
- 同:differentiate(区别)
- 派生:distinct adj.
- 例句:Can you distinguish them (你能区分它们吗?)
32. vary / veri/
- v. 变化
- 同:differ(不同) 反:remain(保持)
- 派生:various adj.
- 例句:Customs vary by region.(习俗因地区而异)
33. adapt / d pt/
- v. 适应
- 同:adjust(调整)
- 派生:adaptation n.
- 例句:It takes time to adapt to new cultures.(适应新文化需要时间)
34. integrate / nt ɡre t/
- v. 融合
- 同:blend(混合) 反:separate(分离)
- 派生:integration n.
- 例句:The community integrates different cultures.(这个社区融合了不同文化)
35. respect /r spekt/
- v. 尊重
- 同:honor(尊敬) 反:disrespect(不尊重)
- 派生:respectful adj.
- 例句:We should respect all cultures.(我们应尊重所有文化)
36. accept / k sept/
- v. 接受
- 同:embrace(接纳) 反:reject(拒绝)
- 派生:acceptance n.
- 例句:Learn to accept differences.(学会接受差异)
37. influence / nflu ns/
- v. 影响
- 同:affect(影响)
- 派生:influential adj.
- 例句:Culture influences our thinking.(文化影响我们的思维)
38. however /ha ev r/
- adv. 然而
- 同:nevertheless(尽管如此)
- 例句:They're similar; however, there are differences.(他们相似,但也有差异)
39. although / l o /
- conj. 虽然
- 同:though(尽管)
- 例句:Although different, they get along well.(虽然不同,但他们相处融洽)
40. while /wa l/
- conj. 而
- 同:whereas(然而)
- 例句:Some prefer tea, while others like coffee.(有人喜欢茶,而有人喜欢咖啡)
41. both /bo θ/
- det. 两者都
- 短语:both...and...(既...又...)
- 例句:Both cultures are valuable.(两种文化都有价值)
42. either / i r/
- det. 任一的
- 短语:either...or...(要么...要么...)
- 例句:You can choose either way.(你可以任选一种方式)
43. neither / ni r/
- det. 两者都不
- 短语:neither...nor...(既不...也不...)
- 例句:Neither answer is correct.(两个答案都不对)
44. whether / we r/
- conj. 是否
- 同:if(是否)
- 例句:I wonder whether they're related.(我想知道他们是否有关联)
45. unlike / n la k/
- prep. 不像
- 反:like(像)
- 例句:Unlike his brother, he's very quiet.(不像他哥哥,他很安静)
46. like /la k/
- prep. 像
- 同:similar to(类似于)
- 例句:Her dress is like mine.(她的裙子和我的一样)
47. same /se m/
- adj. 相同的
- 同:identical(完全相同的)
- 短语:the same as(与...相同)
- 例句:We have the same textbook.(我们有相同的课本)
48. different / d fr nt/
- adj. 不同的
- 同:distinct(截然不同的)
- 短语:different from(与...不同)
- 例句:My idea is different from yours.(我的想法和你不同)
49. especially / spe li/
- adv. 尤其
- 同:particularly(特别地)
- 例句:I like fruits, especially apples.(我喜欢水果,尤其是苹果)
50. modify / mɑ d fa /
- v. 修改;适应
- 同:adapt(适应)
- 派生:modification n.
- 例句:Immigrants often modify their habits.(移民常调整自己的习惯)
51. contrarily / kɑ ntrer li/
- adv. 相反地
- 同:oppositely(对立地)
- 例句:Contrarily, some disagree.(相反,有些人不同意)
52. equally / i kw li/
- adv. 平等地
- 同:fairly(公平地)
- 例句:All cultures should be equally respected.(所有文化都应被平等尊重)
53. relatively / rel t vli/
- adv. 相对地
- 同:comparatively(比较地)
- 例句:The two approaches are relatively similar.(这两种方法相对相似)
54. observe / b z rv/
- v. 观察;遵守
- 同:notice(注意到) 反:ignore(忽视)
- 短语:observe customs(遵守习俗)
- 派生:observation n.
- 例句:We should observe local traditions when traveling.(旅行时应遵守当地传统)
55. acknowledge / k nɑ l d /
- v. 承认;认知
- 同:recognize(认可) 反:deny(否认)
- 派生:acknowledgment n.
- 例句:We should acknowledge cultural differences.(我们应承认文化差异)
56. interpret / n t rpr t/
- v. 解释;口译
- 同:explain(解释)
- 派生:interpretation n.
- 例句:Gestures may be interpreted differently across cultures.(手势在不同文化中可能有不同解读)
57. emerge / m rd /
- v. 出现
- 同:appear(出现) 反:disappear(消失)
- 派生:emergence n.
- 例句:New traditions emerge over time.(新传统随时间推移而出现)
58. preserve /pr z rv/
- v. 保护;保存
- 同:conserve(保存) 反:destroy(破坏)
- 派生:preservation n.
- 例句:We must preserve cultural heritage.(我们必须保护文化遗产)
阅读力:58个单词组成的小短文:
The Tapestry of Humanity
In our diverse world, no two cultures are identical, yet many share similar values that form the threads of our shared humanity. Each society has its distinct traditions, passed down through generations like precious heirlooms. By comparison, we see how unique each culture truly is, while in contrast, we recognize the universal desire for belonging.
Though our customs may differ—what's typical in one land may seem atypical in another—we all seek to preserve what makes our identity special. Food, language, and art are not merely habits but expressions of deeper beliefs and values. Yet misunderstandings arise when prejudice clouds our perspective, reducing rich cultures to shallow stereotypes.
True harmony comes not from pretending our differences don't exist, but from distinguishing between them with curiosity rather than judgment. When we compare traditions without bias, we find that joy and grief resemble each other across borders. Even opposite practices—like bowing versus handshakes—serve the particular purpose of showing respect.
As globalization makes our world smaller, new traditions emerge through cultural exchange. Yet we must adapt without losing what makes us unique, for diversity is humanity's greatest treasure. Through tolerance and open-minded behavior, we can weave our contrasting threads into a tapestry far more beautiful than any uniform fabric.
After all, beneath the surface of our varying norms, we share a common truth: every culture holds pieces of wisdom the others need. To understand this is to take the first step toward global harmony.
人文织锦
在我们这个多元的(diverse)世界里,没有两种文化是完全相同的(identical),但许多文化都拥有相似的(similar)价值观,这些价值观构成了人类共同的精神纽带。每个社会都有其独特的(distinct)传统(traditions),如同传家宝般代代相传。通过比较(comparison),我们能看到每种文化何其独特(unique);而通过对比(contrast),我们又能认识到人类对归属感的普遍(universal)渴望。
虽然我们的习俗(customs)各不相同——在某地典型的(typical)行为在另一地可能显得非典型的(atypical)——但我们都渴望保护(preserve)构成我们身份(identity)的特质。饮食、语言和艺术不仅是习惯(habits),更是深层信仰(beliefs)与价值观(values)的表达。然而,当偏见(prejudice)蒙蔽了我们的视角(perspective),将丰富的文化简化为肤浅的刻板印象(stereotypes)时,误解便会产生。
真正的和谐(harmony)不在于否认差异,而在于带着求知欲而非评判心去区分(distinguish)这些差异。当我们不带偏见地比较(compare)传统时,会发现欢乐与悲伤在不同疆域间何其相似(resemble)。即便是相反的(opposite)习俗——如鞠躬与握手——都服务于表达尊重的特定(particular)目的。
随着全球化让世界变小,新的传统正通过文化交流而涌现(emerge)。但我们必须在适应(adapt)的同时不丢失独特性,因为多样性(diversity)是人类最宝贵的财富。通过包容(tolerance)和开放的行为(behavior),我们可以将对比鲜明的(contrasting)丝线编织成一幅远比千篇一律的(uniform)布料更美的织锦。
毕竟,在我们各异的(varying)规范(norms)表象之下,我们共享着一个共同的(common)真理:每种文化都蕴含着其他文化所需要的智慧。理解(understand)这一点,就是迈向全球和谐(harmony)的第一步。

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