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Unit 3　Make it happen!
单元导航
一、单元内容分析
本单元的话题是“发明”，属于“人与社会”主题范畴，涉及“科学与技术”主题群。本单元主要由Starting out、Understanding ideas、Developing ideas、Presenting ideas和Reflection几个板块构成。
Starting out借助图片，引导学生观察生活中发明带来的变化。Understanding ideas讲述伊斯顿·拉沙佩勒发明人造手臂的故事，让学生体会发明对人们生活的改善，并学习动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法。Developing ideas的第一部分主要是听说的内容，第二部分为读写的内容，以富兰克林、万户、张衡等为例，阐述好奇心在发明创造中的重要作用，并引导学生写一篇关于好奇心的力量的语篇。Presenting ideas要求学生分组制作关于一项发明的展示板，锻炼综合能力。Reflection帮助学生总结单元知识，反思自己对发明的理解与收获。
二、单元教学目标
1.学生能够运用本单元的词汇和表达，准确流畅地谈论发明相关话题，包括发明的过程、作用等。
2.学生熟练掌握动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法，并能在实际语境中正确运用。
3.学生深入理解发明的重要性，能够清晰阐述发明对生活、社会的影响，以及发明家所具备的品质。
4.通过阅读、听力、写作和小组合作等活动，全面提高学生的语言综合运用能力，培养学生的创新思维和解决问题的能力。
三、单元重难点
1.重点：
(1)学生扎实掌握本单元的词汇、句型，以及动词不定式和动名词作宾语的语法知识。
(2)学生透彻理解文章和故事中关于发明的内容，深入体会发明家的精神。
(3)学生熟练运用所学知识，完成写作任务和制作展示板。
2.难点：
(1)学生准确区分动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的语义差别，并在实际运用中避免混淆。
(2)学生在表达对发明的见解时，能够做到逻辑严谨、内容丰富、语言精准。
(3)学生在团队合作制作展示板的过程中，高效协作，充分发挥各自优势，呈现高质量的成果。
1Starting out
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
教学重点 1.通过观看图片，引导学生观察并分析古代人们的生活和我们现在的生活因发明而产生的差异，激发学生对发明的兴趣。 2.借助图片，让学生识别常见发明并讨论其对生活的改变，培养学生观察和思考的能力。
教学难点 鼓励学生积极参与讨论，用英语准确表达自己对发明的认识和感受。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and start a short conversation，such as asking students what they used in the morning that they think is a great invention.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Let students look at the picture “Life then and now”.
2.Then divide students into pairs to discuss the questions.
3.Walk around the classroom to listen to their discussions and offer help if needed.Then，invite some pairs to share their answers with the class.Encourage other students to ask questions or add their own ideas.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2
1.Show the pictures of various inventions on the screen.
2.Have students work individually to answer the questions.
3.After students finish，ask them to share their answers in groups of 4.Each group selects a representative to report their group’s ideas to the class.
Step 4 Summary
　　Summarise the main points of the class，emphasising the impact of inventions on our lives.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过图片引入发明主题，成功激发了学生的兴趣，学生们积极参与讨论，分享了自己对发明的看法。但在讨论发明对生活影响的原因时，部分学生思考不够深入，仅停留在表面现象。在表达过程中，部分学生存在语言表达不准确、不流畅的问题。后续教学中，可提供更多引导性问题，帮助学生深入思考，同时加强对学生语言表达的训练，如组织口语练习活动、提供范文学习等，提升学生的语言运用能力。
1Presenting ideas & Reflection
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
教学重点 1.学生能够分组合作，制作关于一项发明的展示板，提高团队协作和信息整合能力。 2.学生学会自我评估，总结本单元在发明知识、语法运用和表达能力方面的收获，反思自身的不足。
教学难点 学生能够客观、全面地进行自我评估，明确自己在学习过程中的提升方向，形成良好的学习反思习惯。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and briefly review the key points of this unit，such as the stories of inventors，the grammar of to infinitive and ing，and the importance of curiosity.
Step 2 Making the display board
1.Have students work in groups of 4.First，they search for information about great inventions，discuss their inventors and importance，and then take a group vote to decide on one invention.
2.Provide an outline for the display board，including the name of the invention，the inventor，the problem it solved，the materials used，and its importance.Also offer some language tips.
3.Let students prepare their display boards.Walk around to offer help if students have difficulties in finding information，organising ideas or using language.Encourage them to include some pictures to make their display boards more attractive.
Step 3 Presentation and voting
1.Have each group practise presenting their display board within the group.
2.Invite groups to present their display boards to the class one by one.Encourage the audience to listen carefully and take notes.
3.After all the presentations，vote on the best three display boards and the best three presentations.
Step 4 Reflection
1.Have students think about what they have learnt in this unit.Guide them to answer questions：“After completing this unit，what have you learned about great inventions ” “What skills have you improved in terms of language and research ” and “What difficulties did you face during the learning process ”
2.Ask students to share their problems during the learning process and invite other students to give advice.
◇教学反思◇
在本次课程中，学生们积极参与团队合作和展示，多数学生能够结合单元知识制作出有创意的展示板，在一定程度上锻炼了团队协作和表达能力。但在团队合作过程中，部分小组出现分工不合理、沟通不顺畅的情况，影响了展示板的质量和展示效果。在反思环节，部分学生对自身不足的认识不够深刻，自我评估不够全面。在今后的教学中，可增加团队合作技巧的训练，如组织团队建设活动，让学生学会更好地沟通和协作。
1Understanding ideas
第一课时　Reading
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 fair n.展览会 block n.一块(指木头、石头等有直边的硬物) artificial adj.人造的，人工的 condition n.长期疾病 cost v.价格为，需支付(某一数量的钱) lend v.借给，借出 3 D adj.三维的，立体的 printer n.打印机 invent v.发明，创造 weigh v.重，重量是…… kilogram n.千克，公斤 fix v.解决(问题)
重点单词 invention n.发明(物) download v.下载
重点短语 out of由……(制成)，用……(做成) shake hands with sb与某人握手 what’s worse更糟糕的是 all the time一直 blow sb away使某人大为惊讶 lend (sb) a hand帮助(某人)做事；(给某人)搭把手 be able to能够 one after another一个接一个地；接连地 make money挣钱 hit on success偶然获得成功；突然成功 a helping hand援手，帮助 come up with想出，提出
重点句型 1.He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。 2.What’s worse，children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要更换新的假肢。 3.“It blew me away!I built my arm for only $300，” thought Easton.“这让我大吃一惊!我只花了300美元就造出了假肢。”Easton 心想。 4.What a helping hand!多么好的 “援手”!
教学重点 1.学生深刻理解伊斯顿发明人造手臂的故事内容，熟练掌握重点单词和短语。 2.学生准确梳理故事中伊斯顿发明的过程和动机，体会他的善良和创新精神。
教学难点 引导学生深入思考伊斯顿的发明对珍妮以及其他类似人群生活的深远影响。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and show some special inventions to ask their usage.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Have students look at the word cloud and ask students to predict what the passage might be about.
2.Divide students into groups.Let each group discuss what they know about artificial arms and the problems people with artificial arms might face.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2
1.Have students read the passage quickly to check their predictions and answer the question：“What’s the passage mainly about ”
2.Ask students to underline the key sentences and phrases.Help them to fully understand the passage.
Step 4 Work on Activity 3 and 4
1.Ask students to read the passage again carefully.This time，they need to order the following events in the passage and complete the chart about Easton.
2.Check the answers.
Step 5 Think and share
1.Organise students to discuss in groups：“How would Jenny’s life change with Easton’s invention ” and “What can you learn from Easton ”
2.Ask students to share their group discussions with the class.Encourage students to think from different perspectives，such as the practical benefits to Jenny and the positive qualities shown by Easton.
3.Have a class discussion on how students can apply the spirit of helping others and innovation in their daily lives.
Step 6 Summary
　　Summarise the story and the key points discussed in class，emphasising the importance of helping others through innovation.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过阅读伊斯顿的故事，学生们对发明过程和发明家的精神有了较好的理解，能够梳理故事脉络和完成相关任务。但在讨论发明对珍妮生活的影响时，部分学生理解不够全面，未能充分考虑到心理和社会层面的影响。在写作练习中，部分学生对重点词汇和短语的运用不够熟练。后续教学中，可引入更多案例，加深学生对发明影响的理解，同时增加词汇运用的练习，如词汇填空、写作练习等，提高学生的语言运用能力。
1Developing ideas
第二课时　Reading for writing
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 curiosity n.好奇心 talent n.天资，天赋，才能 electricity n.电 lightning n.闪电 pioneer n.先驱，先锋，创始人 exploration n.探索；探险；勘探；勘查 test v.试验，检验 despite prep.尽管，虽然 failure n.失败 future adj.将来的，未来的 explorer n.探险者；勘察者 risk n.冒险举动 drive v.促使 earthquake n.地震 keyhole n.锁眼，钥匙孔
重点短语 take risks冒险 be curious about对……感到好奇 after all究竟 for example例如 more than不仅仅 be drawn to被……吸引
重点句型 1.Benjamin Franklin is a great example.He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature.Benjamin Franklin 是一个很好的例子。他对电很着迷，对它的性质有着深深的好奇。 2.He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”!他对太空非常好奇，甚至发明了一把 “飞椅”! 3.It is a curious man looking through a keyhole，the keyhole of nature，trying to know what’s going on.科学家就是一个好奇的人，试图通过大自然的钥匙孔，去探寻事物的真相。
教学重点 1.学生深刻理解文章内容，体会好奇心在发明创造中的重要作用，掌握重点单词和短语。 2.学生能够分析文章结构，总结不同发明家因好奇心而取得成果的事例。
教学难点 学生模仿文章结构，围绕“好奇心的力量”进行写作，提高逻辑思维和书面表达能力。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
　　Greet the class and show pictures of Benjamin Franklin，Wan Hu，and Zhang Heng.Ask students if they know these people and what they are famous for.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Let students look at the pictures and answer the questions.Tell them to use the words below to help themselves.
2.Let students predict the content of the passage based on the pictures，the title and the words on the blackboard.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2 and 3
1.Have students read the passage quickly to check their predictions and answer the question：“What is the main idea of the passage ”
2.After reading，ask students to read the passage again carefully.This time，they need to complete the chart.
3.Check the answers together.
Step 4 Work on Activity 4
1.Ask students to discuss the questions in groups.
2.Ask some groups to share their answers and check the answers.
Step 5 Think and share
1.Have students think the questions：“Do you think inventors could work without curiosity Why or why not ” and “What are you most curious about ”
2.Ask some students share their views and encourage other students to ask questions and have a further discussion.
Step 6 Work on Activity 5
1.Guide students to analyse the structure of the passage and then use examples to support it.
2.Help students think of other examples to prove their chosen opinion and organise their ideas with a thinking map.
3.Have students write their passages.Walk around the classroom to offer writing guidance.
4.After students finish writing，ask them to check their passages.Remind them to use enough examples to support their idea，use the words and expressions from the reading passage，and give their opinion on the power of curiosity.
5.Invite some students to share their passages with the class.Encourage other students to listen carefully and give feedback.
Step 7 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the reading and writing activities，emphasising the importance of curiosity in invention and how to write an argumentative passage.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过阅读文章，学生们理解了好奇心在发明创造中的重要性，对文章内容的理解和关键信息的分析掌握较好。但在写作过程中，部分学生在选择事例和论证观点时存在困难，文章逻辑不够清晰。在今后的教学中，应提供更多优秀的写作范例，引导学生学习如何选择恰当的事例、组织文章结构和进行有效论证。
1Developing ideas
第一课时　Listening and speaking
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 inventor n.发明者，发明家 widely adv.广泛地；普遍地
重点短语 miss out错过 on purpose故意地 by accident偶然地 go on a holiday去度假
教学重点 学生能够听懂关于发明展览和发明家品质的听力材料，获取关键信息，如展览的相关信息和发明家的特质。
教学难点 学生准确理解听力材料中的细节信息，完成相关的听力任务，如填写展览广告和完成图表。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and show a picture of an invention exhibition.Ask students：“Have you ever been to an invention exhibition What did you see there ”
Step 2 Preparation
1.Have students look at the new words in the word list.Explain the meanings with the help of pictures，examples or short explanations.
2.Ask students to predict what they might hear in the news radio based on the title and the pictures.
Step 3 Work on Activity 1 and 2
1.Play the news programme for the first time.Ask students to listen carefully and choose the main purpose of the news programme.
2.Check the answer and play the news programme again.This time，ask students to complete the advertisement about the invention exhibition.
3.Check the answers.
Step 4 Work on Activity 3
1.Play the talk about inventors’ qualities.Ask students to listen and complete the chart about the inventors and their qualities.
2.Check the answers.
3.Play the talk one more time.Ask students to focus on how the speaker opens the talk.
4.Have students work in pairs to talk about how the speaker opens the talk.Encourage them to use the knowledge of opening a talk or speech.
Step 5 Work on Activity 4
1.Divide students into groups.Each group chooses an inventor and acts out a conversation about the inventor and their invention.Walk around the classroom to offer help and guidance.
2.Invite some groups to show their conversations in front of the class.Have other students watch and give feedback.
3.Have a class discussion on the qualities of inventors.Ask students to share what they have learnt about the qualities of an inventor in this section and give examples from their own knowledge.
Step 6 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the listening and speaking activities，emphasising the importance of understanding inventors’ qualities and how to start a talk effectively.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过听力和口语活动，学生们在一定程度上提高了听力和口语表达能力。在听力部分，部分学生在捕捉细节信息时存在困难，需要加强听力技巧的训练，如提前浏览题目、圈画关键词等。在口语表达方面，学生们能够描述发明家的品质，但在运用事例支持观点时，部分学生的表达不够清晰、有条理。后续教学可以增加更多真实情境下的口语练习，如模拟采访发明家、小组辩论等，让学生在实际交流中提高表达能力。
1Understanding ideas
第二课时　Grammar
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 apply v.应用，运用 blind adj.盲的，失明的 machine n.机器 warn v.警告，告诫；提醒 object n.物体 sense v.检测并记录 congratulations n.祝贺的话 advertisement n.广告；启事 everyday adj.日常的；平常的；每天的 trouble v.使忧虑，使苦恼 creative adj.有创造力的 imaginative adj.富有想象力的；创新的
重点句型 1.He always tried to improve his work.他总是试图改进他的工作。 2.He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。
教学重点 学生牢固掌握动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法，理解其在语义上的区别。
教学难点 1.学生清晰区分接动词不定式和动名词作宾语的动词，并能正确使用。 2.学生在实际写作和口语表达中，能够自然、准确地运用这一语法知识，避免错误。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and review the story of Easton LaChappelle.Ask students some questions about his actions in the story.
Step 2 Work on Activity 5
1.Ask students to observe the forms of the verbs after“try” and “enjoy” and think about the differences in meaning.
2.Show more sentences from the reading passage with these structures.
3.Guide students to summarise the grammar rules of using to infinitive and ing as objects.Explain that some verbs are usually followed by to infinitive to express an intention or a future action，while others are followed by ing to express an activity or an experience.
4.Have students look at the grammar rules on p129 for further understanding.
Step 3 Work on Activity 6 and 7
1.Ask students to complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in brackets.
2.Have students complete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box.
3.Check the answers together and explain the reasons for each choice.
Step 4 Group work
1.Organise a group competition.Divide students into groups.
2.Each group is given a set of verbs.They need to quickly come up with sentences using these verbs with to infinitive or ing as objects.The group that finishes first and has the most correct sentences wins.
Step 5 Work on Activity 8
1.Have students work in pairs.Think of a problem and come up with an idea for an invention.
2.Write an advertisement for it.
3.Invite some pairs to show their advertisements in front of the class.
Step 6 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the grammar usage learnt in this class，emphasising the differences between to infinitive and ing as objects.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过故事中的句子引入语法教学，学生们对动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法有了一定的理解。但在实际运用中，学生们仍然容易混淆一些动词后接不同形式宾语的情况。后续教学需要增加更多的对比练习，如给出句子让学生判断对错并改正、进行专项语法填空练习等，加强对这一语法点的巩固。同时，在课堂练习中，要关注基础较弱的学生，给予他们更多的指导和帮助，确保每个学生都能掌握这一语法知识。
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