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Unit 6　When disaster strikes
单元导航
一、单元内容分析
本单元的话题是“自然灾害”，属于“人与自然”主题范畴，涉及“灾害防范”主题群。本单元主要由Starting out、Understanding ideas、Developing ideas、Presenting ideas和Reflection几个板块构成，主要探讨自然灾害的相关知识，包括自然灾害发生时的情景、灾害预警的作用以及灾后重建等内容。
Starting out借助图片，引导学生观察和思考自然灾害相关的现象。Understanding ideas以小普林尼记录维苏威火山爆发的经历为素材，让学生感受自然灾害的威力，并学习过去进行时的用法。Developing ideas的第一部分主要是听说的内容，第二部分为读写的内容，主要讲述牛钰在汶川地震后的励志故事，鼓励学生思考如何面对灾难，同时培养学生的写作能力。Presenting ideas要求学生制作关于自然灾害的海报，提升学生的综合能力。Reflection帮助学生总结单元知识，反思对自然灾害的认识和应对方法。
二、单元教学目标
1.学生能够熟练运用本单元的词汇和表达，准确、流畅地谈论自然灾害，包括其类型、影响和应对措施等。
2.学生牢固掌握过去进行时的用法，能运用该时态生动地讲述自然灾害相关的故事。
3.学生深入理解自然灾害对人类生活的重大影响，能够清晰阐述灾害预警和救生方法的重要性。
4.通过阅读、听力、写作和小组合作等活动，全面提升学生的语言综合运用能力，培养学生的观察力、想象力、批判性思维和团队协作能力。
三、单元重难点
1.重点：
(1)学生扎实掌握本单元的词汇、句型，以及过去进行时的语法知识。
(2)学生深刻理解文章和听力材料的内容，准确把握自然灾害相关信息。
(3)学生熟练运用所学知识，完成写作任务和制作海报的活动。
2.难点：
(1)学生准确区分过去进行时与一般过去时的用法差异，并在实际运用中正确使用过去进行时。
(2)学生在表达对自然灾害的见解时，能够做到逻辑严谨、观点明确、论证充分。
(3)学生在团队合作制作海报时，能够充分发挥各自优势，有效整合信息，制作出内容丰富、设计精美的海报。
1Starting out
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点短语 relate to涉及；有关联
教学重点 通过观察图片，引导学生联想自然灾害相关的故事，激发学生对自然灾害话题的兴趣。
教学难点 引导学生深入思考自然灾害对人类社会的影响，培养学生的忧患意识。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and start a short conversation，such as asking students if they have ever experienced a natural disaster or heard about one.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Show the pictures related to natural disasters on the screen.
2.Have students work individually to answer the questions：“Do you know the stories in the pictures ” and “Which natural disasters could they relate to ”
3.After two minutes，ask them to share their answers in groups of 4.Each group selects a representative to report their group’s ideas to the class.
4.Encourage students to share any relevant information they know about the disasters.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2
1.Let students look at the picture about people’s reaction to natural disasters.
2.Divide students into pairs to discuss the questions：“Which kind of disasters do you know ” and “How has people’s understanding of natural disasters changed ”
3.Walk around the classroom to listen to their discussions and offer help if needed.Then，invite some pairs to share their answers with the class.
4.Encourage other students to ask questions or add their own ideas.
Step 4 Summary
　　Summarise the main points of the class，emphasising the importance of understanding natural disasters.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过图片引入自然灾害话题，成功激发了学生的兴趣，学生们积极参与讨论，分享了自己对自然灾害的看法。但在讨论自然灾害的影响时，部分学生思考不够深入，仅停留在表面现象。在表达过程中，部分学生存在语言表达不准确、不流畅的问题。后续教学中，可提供更多引导性问题，帮助学生深入思考，同时加强对学生语言表达的训练，如组织口语练习活动、提供范文学习等，提升学生的语言运用能力。
1Presenting ideas & Reflection
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
教学重点 1.学生能够分组合作，制作关于自然灾害的海报，提高团队协作和信息整合能力。 2.学生学会自我评估，总结本单元在自然灾害知识、语法运用和表达能力方面的收获，反思自身的不足。
教学难点 1.学生在团队合作中有效沟通、分工协作，充分发挥各自优势，制作出内容丰富、设计精美的海报。 2.学生能够客观、全面地进行自我评估，明确自己在学习过程中的提升方向，形成良好的学习反思习惯。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and briefly review the key points of this unit，such as different types of natural disasters，the grammar of the past continuous tense，and the importance of disaster warnings.
Step 2 Making the poster
1.Have students work in groups and search for information about different kinds of natural disasters.Then they take a group vote to decide on one for their poster.
2.Provide an outline for the poster and offer some language tips.
3.Let students organise their ideas and make their posters.Walk around to offer help if students have difficulty in finding information，organising ideas or using language.
4.Encourage them to include pictures and colourful designs to make their posters more attractive.
Step 3 Presentation and voting
1.Have each group practise presenting their poster within the group.
2.Invite groups to present their posters to the class one by one.Encourage the audience to listen carefully and take notes.
3.After all the presentations，vote on the best three posters and the best three presentations.
Step 4 Reflection
1.Have students think about what they have learnt in this unit.
2.Ask some students to share their ideas about the unit learning.
3.Distribute a self evaluation form for students to evaluate their learning in this unit.
4.Ask students to share their problems during the learning process and invite other students to give advice.
◇教学反思◇
在本次课程中，学生们积极参与团队合作和展示，多数学生能够结合单元知识制作出有创意的海报，在一定程度上锻炼了团队协作和表达能力。
1Understanding ideas
第一课时　Reading
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 lost adj.不复存在的；不再拥有的 ground n.地，地面 scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的 shut v.(使)关(合)上，(使)关闭 shocking adj.惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 coach n.公共马车，四轮大马车 straight adv.笔直地，成直线地 sand n.沙滩 flood n.洪水，水灾 thick adj.浓密的；混浊的 smoke n.(燃烧产生的)烟 shower n.一大批，一阵
重点单词 historical adj.(有关)历史的 expert n.专家 timeline n.时间表 reaction n.反应
重点短语 turn into变成 rush into冲入 wake up清醒；唤醒 from side to side从一边到另一边 refuse to do拒绝做 leave sb/sth behind留下某人(物)，忘记带走某人(物) be thick with充满了…… move on继续前进 after a while过了一会儿
重点句型 1.It began to move from side to side.它开始左右摇晃。 2.My mother asked me to continue without her，but I refused to leave her behind.母亲让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。 3.The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾，火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。
教学重点 1.学生深刻理解小普林尼记录的维苏威火山爆发的故事内容，熟练掌握重点单词和短语。 2.学生能够梳理文章结构，分析小普林尼和他母亲在灾难中的经历和感受。
教学难点 1.引导学生从文章中体会自然灾害的突发性和严重性，培养学生对自然的敬畏之心。 2.帮助学生理解过去进行时在描述过去事件中的作用，感受其表达的场景感和连续性。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
1.Greet the class.
2.Ask students what disaster they know and let them talk about something about it.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Let students look at the two pictures.Ask students to answer the questions.
2.Share a brief introduction about Pompeii and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius to introduce the reading passage.
3.Divide students into groups.Let each group discuss what they think might happen during a volcanic eruption.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2 to 4
1.Have students read the passage quickly and answer the question：“How did Pliny the Younger survive the eruption of Mount Vesuvius ”
2.Check the answer and ask students to read the passage again carefully.This time，they need to choose the best summary of the passage and complete the timeline about the disaster with the words and expressions from the passage.
3.Check the answers.
Step 4 Group work
1.Organise students to discuss in groups：“What do you think of Pliny the Younger ” and “What else do you know about the disaster in Pompeii ”
2.Ask students to share their group discussions with the class.Encourage students to think from different perspectives，such as Pliny the Younger’s courage and the historical significance of the disaster.
Step 5 Summary
　　Summarise the story and the key points discussed in class，emphasising the importance of being prepared for natural disasters.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过阅读文章，学生们对维苏威火山爆发的故事有了较好的理解，能够梳理文章中的事件发展脉络。但在讨论对小普林尼的看法时，部分学生的观点不够全面，缺乏深度。后续教学中，可引入更多相关资料，加深学生对历史事件的理解。此外，还可以引导学生阅读更多历史故事类文章，培养学生的批判性思维和阅读理解能力。
1Developing ideas
第二课时　Reading for writing
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 iron adj.极坚强的 n.铁 fashion n.时装业 slim adj.苗条的，修长的 bleed v.流血，出血 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 jeans n.牛仔裤 encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 herself pron.她自己 university n.大学 honour n.荣幸，光荣 wound n.伤痛，伤害 heroine n.女主角，女主人公
重点短语 come out of从……中解脱出来 look forward向前看 to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是 above all最重要的是 get back to回到 find oneself发现自我 with the support of在……的支持下 go through经历；通过 used to过去常常；曾经 draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
重点句型 1.With the support of her family and friends，Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下，牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。 2.She completed the hard 10 year journey of finding herself again.历经十年的艰难旅程，她重新找回了自我。 3.As the writer Nora Ephron once said：“Above all，be the heroine of your life，not the victim.”正如作家Nora Ephron曾经说过：“最重要的是，做你人生的主人公，而不是受害者。”
教学重点 1.学生理解牛钰的故事内容，体会她在面对灾难时的坚强与勇气，掌握重点单词和短语。 2.学生能够分析牛钰故事的发展脉络，总结她走出灾难阴影的过程和原因。
教学难点 学生模仿牛钰的故事结构，创作一个关于自然灾害后暖心故事的短文，提升写作能力。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
1.Greet the class.
2.Play a video about an earthquake and introduce some things and people during it.
Step 2 Work on Activity 1
1.Ask students to look at the pictures and then answer the questions in Activity 1，using the given words and expressions.
2.Ask students to share their thoughts on what it means to be a survivor and where courage comes from.
3.Let students predict the content of the passage based on the words on the blackboard and their own assumptions.
Step 3 Work on Activity 2 to 4
1.Have students read the passage quickly to check their predictions and answer the question：“What happened to Niu Yu ”
2.Ask students to read the passage again carefully.This time，they need to complete the chart about Niu Yu’s story.
3.Check the answers.
4.Have students think and discuss the questions in Activity 4.And then ask some students to share their answers.
Step 4 Think and share
1.Organise students to discuss the questions in groups.
2.Ask some groups to share their ideas and encourage other students to ask questions and give comments.
Step 5 Work on Activity 5
1.Guide students to analyse the structure of the passage.
2.Help students plan their heart warming stories.They can choose a natural disaster they are familiar with and think about the characters，the recovery process，and the touching moments.Encourage them to use the words and expressions from the reading passage.
3.Have students write their stories.Walk around the classroom to offer writing guidance.
4.After students finish writing，ask them to check their stories.
5.Invite some students to share their stories with the class.
Step 6 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the reading and writing activities，emphasising the importance of courage and support in the face of disasters.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过阅读牛钰的故事，学生们理解了灾难对个人的影响以及勇气和支持的重要性，对文章内容的理解和关键信息的分析掌握较好。
1Developing ideas
第一课时　Listening and speaking
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 danger n.危险 tsunami n.海啸 warning n.警告，警示
重点短语 go off(警报等)响起
教学重点 学生能够听懂关于灾难预警和救生技术的听力材料，获取关键信息，如蒂莉·史密斯拯救生命的方法和相关应用程序的功能。
教学难点 学生准确理解听力材料中的细节信息，完成相关的听力任务，如纠正笔记中的错误和填写图表。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and show a picture related to disaster warnings.Ask students：“What do you know about disaster warnings How can it help us ”
Step 2 Work on Activity 1 and 2
1.Play the radio for the first time.Ask students to listen carefully and choose how Tilly Smith saved lives.
2.Check the answer and play the radio again.This time，ask students to correct the mistakes in the host’s notes.Cross out the mistakes and write the correct words.
3.Check the answers.
Step 3 Work on Activity 3
1.Play the conversation about the app.Ask students to listen and fill in the chart about the app.
2.Play the conversation one more time.Check the answers and ask students to focus on how the app is introduced.
Step 4 Work on Activity 4
1.Have students work in pairs to talk about how the app is introduced.
2.Divide students into groups.Each group chooses a piece of life saving technology，like drones，and does more research if necessary.Then they introduce it to the group.Walk around the classroom to offer help and guidance.
3.Invite some groups to introduce their chosen life saving technology in front of the class.Have other students watch and give feedback.
4.Have a class discussion on disaster warnings.Ask students to share what they have learnt in this section.
Step 5 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the listening and speaking activities，emphasising the importance of disaster warnings and life saving technologies.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过听力和口语活动，学生们在一定程度上提高了听力和口语表达能力。但在听力部分，部分学生在捕捉细节信息时存在困难，需要加强听力技巧的训练，如提前浏览题目、圈画关键词等。在口语表达方面，学生们能够介绍救生技术，但在突出重点和组织语言方面还有提升空间。后续教学可以增加更多真实情境下的口语练习，如模拟产品介绍会、小组讨论等，让学生在实际交流中提高表达能力。同时，可以引导学生积累更多关于介绍产品和描述技术的词汇和短语，丰富学生的语言储备。
1Understanding ideas
第二课时　Grammar
◇目标导航◇
类别 课时要点
重点单词 airline n.航空公司 weekday n.工作日 railway n.铁路，铁道 rainstorm n.暴风雨 service n.(车、船等的)交通服务，班次 search v.寻找，搜索，搜寻 motherland n.祖国 terrible adj.剧烈的；厉害的；非常严重的
重点短语 break out爆发 search for搜寻 life one’s spirits使某人振作精神
教学重点 1.学生牢固掌握过去进行时的构成和用法，理解其与一般过去时的区别。 2.学生能够在不同语境中准确运用过去进行时，描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
教学难点 学生在实际写作和口语表达中，能够自然、准确地运用过去进行时，增强语言表达的生动性。
◇教学过程◇
Step 1 Leading in
Greet the class and review the story of Pliny the Younger.Ask students some questions：“What was Pliny the Younger doing when the ground shook ” and “What was happening while they were leaving the town ”
Step 2 Work on Activity 5
1.Ask students to observe the forms of the verbs and think about the meanings the sentences express.
2.Show more sentences from the reading passage with the target grammar.
3.Guide students to summarise the grammar rules of the past continuous tense.
4.Have students look at the grammar rules on p132 for further understanding.
Step 3 Work on Activity 6 and 7
1.Ask students to complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets in Activity 6.
2.Have students complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets in Activity 7.
3.Check the answers together and explain the reasons.
Step 4 Work on Activity 8
1.Have students work in pairs.
2.Ask students to tell a story about a natural disaster.
3.Invite some pairs to show their conversations in front of the class.
Step 5 Summary
　　Summarise the key points of the grammar usage learnt in this class，emphasising the differences between the past continuous tense and the simple past tense.
◇教学反思◇
本节课通过故事中的句子引入语法教学，学生们对过去进行时的用法有了一定的理解。但在实际运用中，学生们仍然容易混淆过去进行时和一般过去时的用法。后续教学需要增加更多的对比练习，如给出句子让学生判断时态并说明理由、进行专项语法填空练习等，加强对这一语法点的巩固。同时，在课堂练习中，要关注基础较弱的学生，给予他们更多的指导和帮助，确保每个学生都能掌握这一语法知识。
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