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Period 2　Learning About Language
阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的部分在句中作什么成分
When the old man was young，he was fond of ①talking to the old people，for he found it was ②interesting.③Being attracted by his funny stories made some old people willingly talk with him.As a consequence，he became better at ④communicating with others.Later，he came to this city and his job was ⑤talking to some old people.He was very popular with the old and earned much money.This meant ⑥his/him being able to buy a small house，although he didn’t mind ⑦being forced to live in that old house.He enjoyed ⑧living in this city and never considered ⑨changing his job，because ⑩making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him.
1．在句中作主语的是③⑩；
2．在句中作表语的是②⑤；
3．在句中作宾语的是①④⑥⑦⑧⑨，其中①④在句中作介词的宾语，⑥是动名词的复合结构作宾语，其构成是形容词性物主代词/宾格代词＋doing。
4．③⑦是动词-ing形式的被动式作主语和宾语，其结构是being done。
一、v.-ing作宾语的用法
v．-ing形式可作动词(短语)的宾语和介词的宾语。
1．下列动词(短语)只能用v.-ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想：consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏：avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡：forbid，imagine，risk；can’t help/resist，mind，allow/permit，escape
I have been looking forward to seeing you.我一直盼望见到你。
The student admitted being careless in doing homework.
这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。
He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work.
他因没有去上班而避免了在那次爆炸中丧生。
2．只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的短语有：insist on，end up，feel like，succeed in，prevent/stop/keep/ban...from，devote/commit...to，pay attention to，be accustomed/used to，get down to，stick to，lead to，object to，be opposed to，admit to等。
They insisted on visiting that plant the next week.他们坚持下个星期参观那家工厂。
I didn’t succeed in making myself understood by him.我没能让他理解我。
We should take effective measures to prevent our oceans from being polluted.
我们应该采取有效措施阻止我们的海洋受到污染。
3．下列句型中用v.-ing作宾语
(1)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time (in) ＋ doing sth做某事有困难/有麻烦/有问题/很难/开心
(2)spend/waste time (in) doing sth花费/浪费时间做某事
(3)when it comes to (doing) sth当谈及(做)某事
I have difficulty adapting to the new environment.我很难适应新环境。
When it comes to learning English，I have some practical suggestions to share with you.
说到学习英语，我有一些实用的建议与你分享。
4．动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately.
这个问题需要马上处理。
The building wants rewiring/to be rewired.这座楼房需要重新安装电线。
5．在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语。
Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。
They don’t permit scratching paint off the wall.他们不允许刮掉墙上的油漆。
注意：如果allow，advise，forbid，permit后有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。
He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news.他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。
6．有些动词、动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事)
doing 停止做(同一件事)
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
I’ve always regretted making friends with him.我一直后悔和他交了朋友。
I regret to say that I can’t attend your party.很抱歉，我不能参加你们的聚会。
I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect.我尝试送花给她，但是没有什么效果。
We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
7．动词love，like，hate，prefer，start，begin，intend等后可跟v.-ing形式和不定式作宾语，但接v.-ing时表示经常性的情况，接不定式时表示具体的动作。
I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。
I like to play basketball this afternoon.今天下午我想打篮球。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①To avoid being seen(see) by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
②Some of the children are shy and they have some trouble in making(make) friends.
③Have you thought about building(build) a house in the countryside after retirement
④My father suggested reading(read) more books to make preparations for the approaching semester.
⑤I am strongly opposed to dealing(deal) with this matter in this way.
⑥I was allowed to perform(perform) the experiment on my own，which made me excited.
二、v.-ing作表语的用法
1．v.-ing作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很令人鼓舞。
注意：不定式和v.-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。v.-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed at this decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
The child was frightened to see the dog.这个孩子害怕看到狗。
2．v.-ing作表语还可表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①I thought that the book I borrowed from my best friend was very exciting(excite)．
②The adventure story was so moving(move) that I kept telling it to those around me over and over again.
③What students do at school is learning(learn) new knowledge.
④The argument referred to by the professional is inspiring(inspire)．
三、动名词的复合结构作宾语和表语
动名词的复合结构通常有四种形式：
1．形容词性物主代词＋动名词；
2．名词所有格＋动名词；
3．代词宾格＋动名词；
4．名词＋动名词。
动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其逻辑主语可用名词所有格、名词、物主代词或代词宾格；作表语时，其逻辑主语通常用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
What made all of us worried was his/Jack’s not getting to the station on time.
他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。
Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now？你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
[即时训练3]　完成句子
①使我很兴奋的是他的到来。
→What made me quite excited was his coming.
→I was quite excited at his coming.
②我无法想象玛丽会嫁给这样一个年轻人。
I can’t imagine Mary’s/Mary marrying such a young man.
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．我们忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
We employed ourselves in preparing for the coming exam.
2．我不得不承认：你说的话确实鼓舞人心。
I have to acknowledge that what you said was really inspiring.
3．我很遗憾地告诉你，你的评估没有达到我们的要求。
I regret to tell you that your assessment hasn’t met our requirements.
4．很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。
Many people have suggested setting up more rules to protect animal rights.
5．很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
It is difficult to imagine his/him accepting the decision without any consideration.
6．我建议他每天记二十个英语单词来扩大他的词汇量。
I advise him to memorize twenty English words every day to broaden his vocabulary.
7．我不喜欢被母亲误解，这使我情绪低落。
I disliked being misunderstood by my mother/my mother’s misunderstanding me，which put me in low spirits.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
愤怒的妻子大声问一名搬运工：“那个贼在哪里？”搬运工很迷惑，立刻回答道：“杰克是我曾知道的最好的人。我们的工作是把顾客的东西安全地送给他们。”然而，妻子讥讽道：“你一定在撒谎，要不然我的东西不会在你的推车里。”搬运工的脸气得通红，反驳道：“我们不是贼。但是问题是杰克在车祸中受伤了。尽管受伤严重，他的愿望是把你的东西送给你。因此我帮他。”一听到这番话，丈夫眼里含着泪水，妻子后悔对搬运工说如此刻薄的话。
The angry wife asked a porter in a loud voice，“Where is that thief？” The porter was 1.confused and responded at once，“Jack is the best guy I’ve ever known.Our job is 2.delivering customers’ things to them safely.” However，the wife sneered，“You must be lying，or my stuff couldn’t end up 3.being in your cart.” The porter，his face flushing with anger，retorted，“We are not thieves.But the problem is 4.Jack’s being injured in a car accident.Though he is badly injured，his wish is 5.to deliver your stuff to you.So I help Jack.” Upon 6.hearing that，the husband had tears in his eyes and the wife regretted 7.saying such sharp words to the porter.
作业2　Learning About Language
[分值：83.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more convincing(convince)．
2．I mean to take(take) part in the activity，and hence I wonder if you can join me.
3．The real problem is getting(get) to know the needs of the customers.
4．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from being lost(lose) in online games.
5．I wasn’t permitted to cycle(cycle) along the Mekong River together with my classmates，making me disappointed.
6．I still remember being employed(employ) by the company for the first time.
7．The incredible news that spread around her school was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
8．I was surprised at his/him(he) reacting to this matter with such a positive attitude.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
1．穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦。
I couldn’t resist shaking with so few clothes on.
2．自他退休以来，他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
3．晚饭后你想和我一起出去散步吗？
Do you feel like going out for a walk with me after supper
4．让事情更糟糕的是他缺席了那次会议。
What made things worse was his/him being absent from the meeting.
5．他成功的秘诀在于用积极的方式对待失望和失败。
The secret to his success is dealing with disappointment and failure in a positive way.
6．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
I was grateful to you for helping me overcome so many difficulties.
7．我期待着被邀请参加晚会。
I am looking forward to being invited to attend the party.
8．毫无疑问，让我感到羞愧的是我泄露了朋友的秘密。
There is no doubt that what made me ashamed was my leaking my friend’s secret.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·河北唐山高二上期末)
Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high.But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential.The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words，it creates communication synergy.
It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is non-verbal.Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate，inspire and engage.It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about.It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently.
Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence.Signals include standing tall，gesturing only from the waist up，head straight and forward，and talking while pointing to others，which are obvious ways to exercise control.But when teaching，the non-verbal signals need to show a different type of leader.These signals convey warmth and understanding，reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow.For example，fix your eyes on one student for about 15－30 seconds before changing to another student，which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus.Nod your head.Give the thumbs up! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it.
The importance of body language can never be ignored.It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills.You should use right，natural and clear body language.It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere，inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood.
1．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．Words are more powerful than body language in conveying meaning.
B．Non-verbal cues account for only a minor part of the communication.
C．Teachers should focus on their verbal expressions rather than their body language.
D．Combining body language and spoken communication enhances teaching effectiveness.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words，it creates communication synergy.”可知，我们能从第一段中了解到肢体语言与口语交际相结合可增强教学效果。故选D。
2．What do most leadership positions mainly express
A．Warmth. B．Encouragement.
C．Understanding. D．Control.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence...to exercise control.”可知，大多数领导职位主要表现为控制。故选D。
3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give suggestions.
B．To make a description.
C．To explain a theory.
D．To summarize a debate.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段中“It’s desirable that you should advocate using...pay attention to...You should use...It’s crucial that you create...mood.”可推断出，最后一段的目的是给出建议，即建议教师在教学中重视并使用肢体语言。故选A。
4．What is the text mainly talking about
A．The value of teacher-student communication.
B．The effective ways of good communication.
C．The importance of teacher’s body language.
D．The prospect of students’ non-verbal learning.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.”和最后一段中“The importance of body language can never be ignored.”可知，文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·河北沧州高二上期中)
When we talk more broadly of body language，rather than good postures，we can actually see the effects it has on relationships right throughout the animal kingdom.In particular，body language is used to express power through expansive(扩张的) postures.
You might know about Amy Cuddy’s famous Ted Talk and her incredible insights on how posture changes our thoughts.Cuddy and her team study body language，particularly what they call “high-power” and “low-power” poses.
“High-power” poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence，which can help you feel more self-confident，even after only two minutes.Typical high-power poses are about opening up.You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.For example，bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs，put their hands behind their heads，and kick their feet up onto their desks.Meanwhile，people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated.They close up，arms around themselves，taking up the smallest space.
Some even more recent studies took this even further: A study by researchers from Columbia and Harvard Universities showed that body language symbolizing power can actually affect our decision-making，unintentionally.The researchers measured the desire for risk of participants in either expansive，powerful poses or constricted(收缩的) poses.Those in the powerful poses not only felt more powerful and in control，but were 45% more likely to take risky actions.
“This isn’t about what your body language is communicating to others; it’s about what your body language is communicating to you.Your body language is changing your mind，which changes your behavior，which changes your outcomes，” said Cuddy.
So if you want to take advantage of the benefits of these poses to live a healthier and happier life，where should you start
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于“强势姿态”和“弱势姿态”的研究，特别是强势姿态对人们的影响。
5．Which is probably a low-power pose according to the text
A．Standing with your legs open.
B．Sitting with hands crossed in the lap.
C．Arms raised in a “V” above the head.
D．Sitting with your arms spreading out on the chair.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Meanwhile，people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated.They close up，arms around themselves，taking up the smallest space.”可推断，手交叉放在腿上坐着，缩小自己占用的空间，属于“低能量”姿势。故选B。
6．What can we say about people in the expansive poses
A．They are hesitant.
B．They are very shy.
C．They feel out of control.
D．They feel more confident.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘High-power’ poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence，which can help you feel more self-confident，even after only two minutes...You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.”可知，那些摆着扩张式的姿势的人通常会感觉更加自信。故选D。
7．What is the text mainly about
A．The posture of confidence.
B．Cuddy’s research on behavior.
C．The surprising power of body language.
D．The research about decision-making.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第一段末句以及第五段末句可知，文章讲述了身体语言，特别是强势姿态对人们的影响，即肢体语言的惊人力量。故选C。
8．What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A．How to correct bad habits.
B．How to improve your body language.
C．How posture affects your health.
D．Why good posture matters for employees.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。最后一段提出疑问——如果你想通过利用这些姿势的好处过上更健康、更快乐的生活，应该从哪里开始呢？由此推知，接下来文章可能会讨论如何改善肢体语言。故选B。
[词汇积累] 1．insight n．洞察力 2．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大，扩张 3．risk n．危险，风险 v．冒……的危险→risky adj.有危险的，有风险的 take a risk/take risks冒险 at risk处于危险或风险之中 [句式分析] For example，bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs，put their hands behind their heads，and kick their feet up onto their desks. 分析：本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，在从句中lean，put，kick是动作链描写。 翻译：例如，当老板们靠在椅子上，双手放在脑后，把脚踢到桌子上时，他们就会做出强大的姿势。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·浙江绍兴高二上期末)
Body Language，Important Language
Have you ever noticed the big difference between someone’s behavior and his words Or have you ever failed to control your body on certain occasions as a result of nervousness Today let’s discuss how essential body language can be in our daily communication.
Studies have revealed that in the process of communication，non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. 1
Emilie Suter，a senior student of EHL，believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication. 2 Body language is the best explanation of the behavior psychology of individuals and groups.
3 Without proper body language，you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment.Therefore，you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move.
Fidgeting(坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation. 4 Loich Batumba，vice president of the student council of EHL，says that he clearly remembers similar experiences：“At the time of my first interview，my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye，so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.”
How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed. 5 This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.
A．Body language varies from culture to culture.
B．Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C．In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D．This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”．
E．Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F．It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G．Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to judge others.
1．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Studies have revealed that in the process of communication，non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text.”可知，空格处作为本段最后一句，应总结上文，指出非语言表达的重要性。故D选项“这意味着‘怎么说’比‘说什么’更重要”符合语境，故选D。
2．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Emilie Suter，a senior student of EHL，believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication.”可知，空格处应承接上文，指出肢体语言对于人们沟通的帮助和重要性。故F选项“它有助于人们更好地了解整体情况，从而做出调整”符合语境，故选F。
3．答案　C
解析　根据本段内容“Without proper body language，you may find yourself trapped in a circle...your next move.”可知，本段的主旨是强调肢体语言在日常生活中的重要性。故C选项“在实际情况中，肢体语言比你想象的重要得多”符合语境，故选C。
4．答案　E
解析　上文“Fidgeting(坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation.”提到坐立不安可能意味着谈话双方之间缺乏互动，下文“...‘At the time of my first interview，my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye，so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.’”提到没有眼神交流表明对方对谈话缺乏兴趣，由此可知空格处应提到某种肢体语言意味着什么，故E选项“看其他方向可能意味着他或她不同意你的观点”符合语境，故选E。
5．答案　G
解析　根据上文“How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed.”以及下文“This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.”可知，下文提到了某事增加了身体活动对我们的重要性，故空格处应说明这件事的具体内容，结合上文提到个人印象，推测本句与对别人的印象有关，故G选项“有趣的是，我们所看到的实际上是我们判断别人最重要的标准”符合语境，故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Healthy eating is something 1. everyone knows they should do，but few of us do it as 2. (regular) as we would like.The purpose of this guide is 3. (share) practical strategies on how to eat healthily.
If you want to be healthy，you have to cut down on desserts and sweet drinks，because sugar is more a killer 4. fatty food.Beyond this，you can keep healthy by 5. (consume) different categories of fresh foods，especially fruit and vegetables，which 6. (be) full of vitamins and fibre，rather than 7. (process) foods.In addition，it is also important to include some meat，beans，or dairy products in your diet，as they provide necessary protein for strong 8. (bone) and muscle growth.As with everything in life，moderation is crucial.The ideal diet is a balanced one，without too much 9. too little of any one thing.Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly，allowing your body to digest your food better.
Healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food.It is up to you to decide 10._________ you want to live，and to make right decisions about your diet.
1．答案　that
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词something。先行词为不定代词，在定语从句中作宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
2．答案　regularly
解析　考查副词。空处需用副词修饰动词do。故填regularly。
3．答案　to share
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动词不定式作表语，解释主语的具体内容。故填to share。
4．答案　than
解析　考查介词。根据空前的more可知，此处是比较级结构，故填than。
5．答案　consuming
解析　考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后跟doing作宾语。故填consuming。
6．答案　are
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit and vegetables，在定语从句中作主语。定语从句为主系表结构，本句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时。主语为复数，所以be动词用are。故填are。
7．答案　processed
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰后面的名词foods。process与foods为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用其过去分词形式。故填processed。
8．答案　bones
解析　考查名词复数。bone为可数名词，此处需用该名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填bones。
9．答案　or
解析　考查连词。空处需用并列连词连接too much和too little。根据句意可知，本空前后为选择关系，应用连词or连接。故填or。
10．答案　how
解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，所以用how引导宾语从句。故填how。(共76张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Body language
Unit 4
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业2
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的部分在句中作什么成分
When the old man was young，he was fond of ①talking to the old people，for he found it was ②interesting.③Being attracted by his funny stories made some old people willingly talk with him.As a consequence，he became better at ④communicating with others.Later，he came to this city and his job was ⑤talking to some old people.He was very popular with the old and earned much money.This meant ⑥his/him being able to buy a small house，although he didn’t mind ⑦being forced to live in that old house.He enjoyed ⑧living in this city and never considered ⑨changing his job，because ⑩making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him.
1.在句中作主语的是______；
2.在句中作表语的是______；
3.在句中作宾语的是_____________，其中_____在句中作介词的宾语，____是动名词的复合结构作宾语，其构成是_________________________
________。
4.③⑦是动词-ing形式的_______作主语和宾语，其结构是___________。
③⑩
②⑤
①④⑥⑦⑧⑨
①④
⑥
形容词性物主代词/宾格代词
＋doing
被动式
being done
返 回
语法精讲
一、v.-ing作宾语的用法
v.-ing形式可作动词(短语)的宾语和介词的宾语。
1.下列动词(短语)只能用v.-ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想：consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏：avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡：forbid，imagine，risk；can’t help/resist，mind，allow/permit，escape
I have been looking forward to seeing you.我一直盼望见到你。
The student admitted being careless in doing homework.
这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。
He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work.
他因没有去上班而避免了在那次爆炸中丧生。
2.只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的短语有：insist on，end up，feel like，succeed in，prevent/stop/keep/ban...from，devote/commit...to，pay attention to，be accustomed/used to，get down to，stick to，lead to，object to，be opposed to，admit to等。
They insisted on visiting that plant the next week.他们坚持下个星期参观那家工厂。
I didn’t succeed in making myself understood by him.我没能让他理解我。
We should take effective measures to prevent our oceans from being polluted.
我们应该采取有效措施阻止我们的海洋受到污染。
3.下列句型中用v.-ing作宾语
(1)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time (in) ＋ doing sth做某事有困难/有麻烦/有问题/很难/开心
(2)spend/waste time (in) doing sth花费/浪费时间做某事
(3)when it comes to (doing) sth当谈及(做)某事
I have difficulty adapting to the new environment.我很难适应新环境。
When it comes to learning English，I have some practical suggestions to share with you.
说到学习英语，我有一些实用的建议与你分享。
4.动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately.
这个问题需要马上处理。
The building wants rewiring/to be rewired.这座楼房需要重新安装电线。
5.在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语。
Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。
They don’t permit scratching paint off the wall.他们不允许刮掉墙上的油漆。
注意：如果allow，advise，forbid，permit后有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。
He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news.他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。
6.有些动词、动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事)
doing 停止做(同一件事)
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
I’ve always regretted making friends with him.我一直后悔和他交了朋友。
I regret to say that I can’t attend your party.很抱歉，我不能参加你们的聚会。
I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect.我尝试送花给她，但是没有什么效果。
We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
7.动词love，like，hate，prefer，start，begin，intend等后可跟v.-ing形式和不定式作宾语，但接v.-ing时表示经常性的情况，接不定式时表示具体的动作。
I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。
I like to play basketball this afternoon.今天下午我想打篮球。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①To avoid __________(see) by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
②Some of the children are shy and they have some trouble in __________
(make) friends.
③Have you thought about _________(build) a house in the countryside after retirement
④My father suggested ________(read) more books to make preparations for the approaching semester.
being seen
making
building
reading
⑤I am strongly opposed to ________(deal) with this matter in this way.
⑥I was allowed ___________(perform) the experiment on my own，which made me excited.
dealing
to perform
二、v.-ing作表语的用法
1.v.-ing作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很令人鼓舞。
注意：不定式和v.-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。v.-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed at this decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
The child was frightened to see the dog.这个孩子害怕看到狗。
2.v.-ing作表语还可表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①I thought that the book I borrowed from my best friend was very ________(excite).
②The adventure story was so ________(move) that I kept telling it to those around me over and over again.
③What students do at school is _________(learn) new knowledge.
④The argument referred to by the professional is _________(inspire).
exciting
moving
learning
inspiring
三、动名词的复合结构作宾语和表语
动名词的复合结构通常有四种形式：
1.形容词性物主代词＋动名词；
2.名词所有格＋动名词；
3.代词宾格＋动名词；
4.名词＋动名词。
动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其逻辑主语可用名词所有格、名词、物主代词或代词宾格；作表语时，其逻辑主语通常用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
What made all of us worried was his/Jack’s not getting to the station on time.
他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。
Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now？你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
[即时训练3]　完成句子
①使我很兴奋的是他的到来。
→What made me quite excited was ___________.
→I was quite excited at ___________.
②我无法想象玛丽会嫁给这样一个年轻人。
I can’t imagine _____________________________________.
his coming
his coming
Mary’s/Mary marrying such a young man
返 回
达标检测
1.我们忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
We employed ourselves in ____________________________.
2.我不得不承认：你说的话确实鼓舞人心。
I have to acknowledge that what you said __________________.
3.我很遗憾地告诉你，你的评估没有达到我们的要求。
I _____________ you that your assessment hasn’t met our requirements.
4.很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。
Many people have suggested ______________________________________
______.
preparing for the coming exam
Ⅰ.完成句子
was really inspiring
regret to tell
setting up more rules to protect animal
rights
5.很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
It is difficult to imagine ____________________________ without any consideration.
6.我建议他每天记二十个英语单词来扩大他的词汇量。
I advise him ____________________________________________________
______________.
7.我不喜欢被母亲误解，这使我情绪低落。
I disliked ______________________________________________________
____________________，which put me in low spirits.
his/him accepting the decision
to memorize twenty English words every day to broaden
his vocabulary
being misunderstood by my mother/my mother’s misunderstanding me
愤怒的妻子大声问一名搬运工：“那个贼在哪里？”搬运工很迷惑，立刻回答道：“杰克是我曾知道的最好的人。我们的工作是把顾客的东西安全地送给他们。”然而，妻子讥讽道：“你一定在撒谎，要不然我的东西不会在你的推车里。”
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
The angry wife asked a porter in a loud voice，“Where is that thief？” The porter was 1._________ and responded at once，“Jack is the best guy I’ve ever known.Our job is 2.______________________________
___________.” However，the wife sneered，“You must be lying，or my stuff couldn’t end up 3._________________.”
confused
delivering customers’ things to
them safely
being in your cart
搬运工的脸气得通红，反驳道：“我们不是贼。但是问题是杰克在车祸中受伤了。尽管受伤严重，他的愿望是把你的东西送给你。因此我帮他。”一听到这番话，丈夫眼里含着泪水，妻子后悔对搬运工说如此刻薄的话。
The porter，his face flushing with anger，retorted，“We are not thieves.But the problem is 4._________________________________.Though he is badly injured，his wish is 5.________________________.So I help Jack.” Upon 6.____________，the husband had tears in his eyes and the wife regretted 7.__________________________________.
Jack’s being injured in a car accident
to deliver your stuff to you
返 回
hearing that
saying such sharp words to the porter
作业2
1.What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more _______________
(convince).
2.I mean _______(take) part in the activity，and hence I wonder if you can join me.
3.The real problem is _______(get) to know the needs of the customers.
4.All the educators try their best to prevent the students from __________
(lose) in online games.
5.I wasn’t permitted ________(cycle) along the Mekong River together with my classmates，making me disappointed.
convincing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to take
getting
being lost
to cycle
6.I still remember _______________(employ) by the company for the first time.
7.The incredible news that spread around her school was her __________
_________(admit) to her dream university.
8.I was surprised at ________(he) reacting to this matter with such a positive attitude.
being employed
being
his/him
admitted
1.穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦。
I couldn’t resist ____________________________.
2.自他退休以来，他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of _______________________________________.
3.晚饭后你想和我一起出去散步吗？
Do you feel like _____________________________________
4.让事情更糟糕的是他缺席了那次会议。
What made things worse was __________________________________.
Ⅱ.完成句子
shaking with so few clothes on
traveling along the Silk Road since he retired
going out for a walk with me after supper
his/him being absent from the meeting
5.他成功的秘诀在于用积极的方式对待失望和失败。
The secret to his success is ________________________________________
____________.
6.我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
I was grateful to you for _____________________________________.
7.我期待着被邀请参加晚会。
I am looking forward to ______________________________.
8.毫无疑问，让我感到羞愧的是我泄露了朋友的秘密。
There is no doubt that what made me ashamed was __________________
______________.
dealing with disappointment and failure in a
positive way
helping me overcome so many difficulties
being invited to attend the party
my leaking my
friend’s secret
A
(2024·河北唐山高二上期末)
Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high.But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential.The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words，it creates communication synergy.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is non-verbal.Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate，inspire and engage.It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about.It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently.
Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence.Signals include standing tall，gesturing only from the waist up，head straight and forward，and talking while pointing to others，which are obvious ways to exercise control.But when teaching，the non-verbal signals need to show a different type of leader.These signals convey warmth and understanding，reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow.For example，fix your eyes on one student for about 15－30 seconds before changing to another student，which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus.Nod your head.Give the thumbs up! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it.
The importance of body language can never be ignored.It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills.You should use right，natural and clear body language.It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere，inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood.
1.What can we learn from paragraph 1
A.Words are more powerful than body language in conveying meaning.
B.Non-verbal cues account for only a minor part of the communication.
C.Teachers should focus on their verbal expressions rather than their
body language.
D.Combining body language and spoken communication enhances
teaching effectiveness.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words，it creates communication synergy.”可知，我们能从第一段中了解到肢体语言与口语交际相结合可增强教学效果。故选D。
解析
2.What do most leadership positions mainly express
A.Warmth. B.Encouragement.
C.Understanding. D.Control.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence...to exercise control.”可知，大多数领导职位主要表现为控制。故选D。
解析
3.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To give suggestions.
B.To make a description.
C.To explain a theory.
D.To summarize a debate.
写作意图题。根据最后一段中“It’s desirable that you should advocate using...pay attention to...You should use...It’s crucial that you create...mood.”可推断出，最后一段的目的是给出建议，即建议教师在教学中重视并使用肢体语言。故选A。
解析
√
4.What is the text mainly talking about
A.The value of teacher-student communication.
B.The effective ways of good communication.
C.The importance of teacher’s body language.
D.The prospect of students’ non-verbal learning.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.”和最后一段中“The importance of body language can never be ignored.”可知，文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。故选C。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·河北沧州高二上期中)
When we talk more broadly of body language，rather than good postures，we can actually see the effects it has on relationships right throughout the animal kingdom.In particular，body language is used to express power through expansive(扩张的) postures.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于“强势姿态”和“弱势姿态”的研究，特别是强势姿态对人们的影响。
You might know about Amy Cuddy’s famous Ted Talk and her incredible insights on how posture changes our thoughts.Cuddy and her team study body language，particularly what they call “high-power” and “low-power” poses.
“High-power” poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence，which can help you feel more self-confident，even after only two minutes.Typical high-power poses are about opening up.You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.For example，bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs，
put their hands behind their heads，and kick their feet up onto their desks.Meanwhile，people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated.They close up，arms around themselves，taking up the smallest space.
Some even more recent studies took this even further: A study by researchers from Columbia and Harvard Universities showed that body language symbolizing power can actually affect our decision-making，unintentionally.The researchers measured the desire for risk of participants in either expansive，powerful poses or constricted(收缩的) poses.Those in the powerful poses not only felt more powerful and in control，but were 45% more likely to take risky actions.
“This isn’t about what your body language is communicating to others; it’s about what your body language is communicating to you.Your body language is changing your mind，which changes your behavior，which changes your outcomes，” said Cuddy.
So if you want to take advantage of the benefits of these poses to live a healthier and happier life，where should you start
5.Which is probably a low-power pose according to the text
A.Standing with your legs open.
B.Sitting with hands crossed in the lap.
C.Arms raised in a “V” above the head.
D.Sitting with your arms spreading out on the chair.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Meanwhile，people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated.They close up，arms around themselves，taking up the smallest space.”可推断，手交叉放在腿上坐着，缩小自己占用的空间，属于“低能量”姿势。故选B。
解析
6.What can we say about people in the expansive poses
A.They are hesitant.
B.They are very shy.
C.They feel out of control.
D.They feel more confident.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘High-power’ poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence，which can help you feel more self-confident，even after only two minutes...You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.”可知，那些摆着扩张式的姿势的人通常会感觉更加自信。故选D。
解析
7.What is the text mainly about
A.The posture of confidence.
B.Cuddy’s research on behavior.
C.The surprising power of body language.
D.The research about decision-making.
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第一段末句以及第五段末句可知，文章讲述了身体语言，特别是强势姿态对人们的影响，即肢体语言的惊人力量。故选C。
解析
√
8.What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A.How to correct bad habits.
B.How to improve your body language.
C.How posture affects your health.
D.Why good posture matters for employees.
√
推理判断题。最后一段提出疑问——如果你想通过利用这些姿势的好处过上更健康、更快乐的生活，应该从哪里开始呢？由此推知，接下来文章可能会讨论如何改善肢体语言。故选B。
解析
1.insight n.洞察力
2.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n.扩大，扩张
3.risk n.危险，风险 v.冒……的危险→risky adj.有危险的，有风险的
take a risk/take risks冒险
at risk处于危险或风险之中
词汇积累
For example，bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs，put their hands behind their heads，and kick their feet up onto their desks.
分析：本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，在从句中lean，put，kick是动作链描写。
翻译：例如，当老板们靠在椅子上，双手放在脑后，把脚踢到桌子上时，他们就会做出强大的姿势。
句式分析
(2024·浙江绍兴高二上期末)
Body Language，Important Language
Have you ever noticed the big difference between someone’s behavior and his words Or have you ever failed to control your body on certain occasions as a result of nervousness Today let’s discuss how essential body language can be in our daily communication.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肢体语言的重要性。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
Studies have revealed that in the process of communication，non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. 1
A.Body language varies from culture to culture.
B.Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C.In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D.This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”.
E.Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F.It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G.Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to
judge others.
√
根据上文“Studies have revealed that in the process of communication，non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text.”可知，空格处作为本段最后一句，应总结上文，指出非语言表达的重要性。故D选项“这意味着‘怎么说’比‘说什么’更重要”符合语境，故选D。
解析
Emilie Suter，a senior student of EHL，believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication. 2 Body language is the best explanation of the behavior psychology of individuals and groups.
A.Body language varies from culture to culture.
B.Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C.In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D.This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”.
E.Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F.It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G.Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to
judge others.
√
根据上文“Emilie Suter，a senior student of EHL，believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication.”可知，空格处应承接上文，指出肢体语言对于人们沟通的帮助和重要性。故F选项“它有助于人们更好地了解整体情况，从而做出调整”符合语境，故选F。
解析
3 Without proper body language，you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment.
A.Body language varies from culture to culture.
B.Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C.In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D.This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”.
E.Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F.It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G.Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to
judge others.
√
根据本段内容“Without proper body language，you may find yourself trapped in a circle...your next move.”可知，本段的主旨是强调肢体语言在日常生活中的重要性。故C选项“在实际情况中，肢体语言比你想象的重要得多”符合语境，故选C。
解析
Therefore，you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move.
Fidgeting(坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation. 4 Loich Batumba，vice president of the student council of EHL，says that he clearly remembers similar experiences：“At the time of my first interview，my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye，so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.”
A.Body language varies from culture to culture.
B.Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C.In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D.This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”.
E.Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F.It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G.Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to judge others.
√
上文“Fidgeting(坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation.”提到坐立不安可能意味着谈话双方之间缺乏互动，下文“...‘At the time of my first interview，my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye，so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.’”提到没有眼神交流表明对方对谈话缺乏兴趣，由此可知空格处应提到某种肢体语言意味着什么，故E选项“看其他方向可能意味着他或她不同意你的观点”符合语境，故选E。
解析
How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed. 5 This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.
A.Body language varies from culture to culture.
B.Of course，some body language is shared universally.
C.In real situations，body language matters a lot more than you think!
D.This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”.
E.Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion.
F.It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments.
G.Interestingly，what we see is actually the most important standard for us to
judge others.
√
根据上文“How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed.”以及下文“This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.”可知，下文提到了某事增加了身体活动对我们的重要性，故空格处应说明这件事的具体内容，结合上文提到个人印象，推测本句与对别人的印象有关，故G选项“有趣的是，我们所看到的实际上是我们判断别人最重要的标准”符合语境，故选G。
解析
Healthy eating is something 1. everyone knows they should do，
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康饮食的一些实用策略。
that
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词something。先行词为不定代词，在定语从句中作宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
but few of us do it as 2. (regular) as we would like.The purpose of this guide is 3. (share) practical strategies on how to eat healthily.
regularly
2.考查副词。空处需用副词修饰动词do。故填regularly。
3.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动词不定式作表语，解释主语的具体内容。故填to share。
解析
to share
If you want to be healthy，you have to cut down on desserts and sweet drinks，because sugar is more a killer 4. fatty food. Beyond this，you can keep healthy by 5. (consume) different categories of fresh foods，
than
4.考查介词。根据空前的more可知，此处是比较级结构，故填than。
5.考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后跟doing作宾语。故填consuming。
解析
consuming
especially fruit and vegetables，which 6._____(be) full of vitamins and fibre，rather than 7.__________(process) foods. In addition，it is also important to include some meat，beans，or dairy products in your diet，
are
6.考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit and vegetables，在定语从句中作主语。定语从句为主系表结构，本句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时。主语为复数，所以be动词用are。故填are。
7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰后面的名词foods。process与foods为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用其过去分词形式。故填processed。
解析
processed
as they provide necessary protein for strong 8. (bone) and muscle growth.As with everything in life，moderation is crucial.The ideal diet is a balanced one，without too much 9. too little of any one thing.Finally，a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly，allowing your body to digest your food better.
bones
8.考查名词复数。bone为可数名词，此处需用该名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填bones。
9.考查连词。空处需用并列连词连接too much和too little。根据句意可知，本空前后为选择关系，应用连词or连接。故填or。
解析
or
Healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food.It is up to you to decide 10._____ you want to live，and to make right decisions about your diet.
how
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，所以用how引导宾语从句。故填how。
解析
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