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Period 4　Using Language
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Ⅱ.Skim the text to find out the main idea of the text.
The text mainly tells us the advantages and disadvantages/the strengths and weaknesses of two farming methods.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1．Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first
A．They were in widespread use.
B．They couldn’t harm the field.
C．They benefited people’s health.
D．They could increase production.
答案　D
2．What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to in paragraph 2
A．Insects. B．Bacteria.
C．Crops. D．Chemicals.
答案　C
3．What kind of people are organic farmers
A．Those who care for the environment.
B．Those who produce organic fertilisers.
C．Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
D．Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
答案　D
4．How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted
A．By using chemical fertilisers.
B．By using natural fertilisers.
C．By changing crops every year.
D．By growing the same crops year after year.
答案　C
5．What’s the author’s attitude to organic farming
A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral(中立的)．
C．Supportive. D．Negative.
答案　C
6．How is the text developed
A．By listing specific data.
B．By quoting experts’ words.
C．By presenting the results of some researchers.
D．By means of examples，pictures and comparison.
答案　D
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．广泛使用中 in widespread use
2．随着时间的流逝 over time
3．另外 in addition
4．地下水源 underground water sources
5．相应地；转而；依次；轮流 in turn
6．事实上 in fact
7．因为；由于 because of
8．对……造成损害 cause damage to
9．至于 as for
10．富含 be rich in
11．必需矿物质 essential minerals
12．关注；集中于…… focus on
13．没有……的，不受……影响的 free of
14．例如；比如 for instance
15．更喜欢做某事 prefer to do sth
16．阻止……做某事 keep...from doing sth
17．满足那种需求 meet that need
18．找到合适的解决方案 find a suitable solution
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，When引导的是时间状语从句，动词不定式to fight...作后置定语，修饰a great way。
[汉语翻译] 引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。
2．Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.(P55 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，what引导的是主语从句，that引导的是表语从句。
[汉语翻译] 然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，killing not only...是动词-ing形式短语作介词by的宾语。
[汉语翻译] 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
4．This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，grown on the land是过去分词短语作后置定语，who digest them是定语从句。
[汉语翻译] 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
5．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the damage。
[汉语翻译] 事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。
6．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是由并列连词but和and连接的并列句。
[汉语翻译] 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
7．As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，and连接两个并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引导的时间状语从句。
[汉语翻译] 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
8．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that use different depths of soil是定语从句，修饰先行词diverse crops，to help keep it rich是不定式短语作目的状语。
[汉语翻译] 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。
9．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，to grow good food是不定式短语作表语，while avoiding...是状语从句的省略。
[汉语翻译] 采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。
10．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.(P56 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，while keeping...是状语从句的省略。
[汉语翻译] 因此，要想找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。
in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
[教材原句P55]This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
[译林版必修第三册Unit 1]These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
by turns轮流 take turns to do sth轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 It turns/turned out that...结果是……，原来是……
(1)Bernard and John took turns to sell(sell) popcorn with a unique flavour in the market.
(2)The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the women spoke in turn.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之激动情绪描写)轮到我做演讲了。结果我鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了所有的师生，这使我欣喜若狂。
It was my turn to deliver a speech.It turned out that my inspiring speech appealed to all the students and teachers，which made me wild with joy.
essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
[教材原句P55]They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
[北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7]In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential skills.简言之，如果你想在21世纪的职业生涯中取得成功，就必须培养新的必备技能。
be essential to/for...对……很重要 It is essential that...(should)do... 做……是完全必要的。 It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必要的。
(1)In reality，learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential to/for you before learning Tang poems.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)公众应该相互合作，共同制定建设绿色北京的切实可行的计划，这是很必要的。
It is essential that the public (should) team up with one another/for the public to team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding building a Green Beijing.
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.要不，或者)
[教材原句P55]As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
[外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 1]Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择。
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的选择 an alternative to... ……的替代品
(1)When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，it is appropriate for you to bring beautiful fresh flowers，alternatively(alternative)，buy a box of milk.
(2)To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
(3)What Youth appeals to me is that I have the alternative of reading(read) inspiring stories or attaining much pleasure from the latest news.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)非常无助，我别无选择只好向出租车司机求助，司机欣然答应帮我摆脱困境。
Overcome with helplessness，I had no alternative but to turn to the taxi driver for help and the driver readily promised to help me out of difficulty.
too...to...结构
[教材原句P55]As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用其施肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，grown with them是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。
此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义： ·too后跟anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时； ·too前有but，only，all等词对其进行修饰时； ·否定词not，never等用在too前时。
(1)看到舞台下有那么多的观众，他紧张得不知道说什么。
Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say.
(2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高兴了。因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。
I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.Therefore，I can’t thank you too much.
(3)(2023·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写)当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，我激动得几乎要哭出来了。
I was too excited to be close to tears when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing competition.
现在分词短语作结果状语
[教材原句P56]Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤之中，从而使土壤为种植下一批农作物做好准备。
[结构分析] 此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是Why引导的主语从句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引导的表语从句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是现在分词短语作结果状语。
·现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果； ·不定式作结果状语，则表示一种出乎意料的结果，往往用only/never to do结构。
(1)(读后续写之绝望心理描写)马克差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。
Jane left alone with extreme anger，only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest.
同位语从句
[教材原句P56]What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
他们不能这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对粮食的巨大需求。
[结构分析] 此句是一个复合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。
·可以跟同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；诺言)，possibility等。 ·引导同位语从句的连接词有：从属连词that，whether，连接代词 what，who，which，连接副词 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能引导同位语从句)
(1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们听说老爷爷去世的消息时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。
When we heard the news that the old grandfather passed away，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes.
(2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)妈妈建议我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
My mother made a suggestion that we (should) camp in the next village，her eyes glittering with excitement.
(3)他是否能够胜任这项工作还是个问题。
There is still a question whether he can be equal to the job.
(4)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)毫无疑问，即将举办的汉语工作坊旨在促进中英文化交流。
There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．It often takes a long time to digest① such a difficult digest② of this science and technology article.①vt.领会，领悟 　②n.摘要
2．After tireless efforts，we finally got to the root of the problem and we sighed in relief.n.根源
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．He strongly suggests that we should take part in outdoor activities with the objective of alleviating our inner anxiety.
2．I remind you not to judge anything about the idea until you have digested(领悟) it entirely.
3．What made him embarrassed was that his son copied others’ work in many aspects(方面)．
4．We must study the incident in depth to figure out its root.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Ultimately，I had no alternative but to quit(quit) the job and I wept uncontrollably.
2．These celebrities took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech on how to help homeless people out of difficulty.
3．To study efficiently，it is essential for us to relax(relax) ourselves in our leisure time.
4．It convinced me of the fact that there were still many kind and generous people around us.
5．The news entirely shocked the public，leading(lead) to a great concern about students’ safety at school.
6．I always focus on creating a novel in my leisure time.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century,1.but/yet scientists found that their long-term use can sometimes be 2.harmful(harm) to both the land and people’s health.In most countries some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 3.caused(cause) to people and the environment.Thus，some farmers have switched 4.to organic farming,5.which can help tackle the problem.They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead of artificial fertilisers.By doing so，they make the soil in their fields richer in minerals than before.In addition，many other methods 6.are used(use) to produce rich soil.Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.In this way，some important 7.minerals(mineral) are put back into the ground.Some people would prefer 8.stopping/to stop(stop) the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9.completely(complete)，but organic farming can’t serve the high demand for food around the world.So scientists have to find a suitable 10.solution(solve) to the problem.
作业4　Using Language
[分值：76.5分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
1．I strongly recommend that you should consume these few kinds of foods which are rich in(富含) essential minerals.
2．These experts in agriculture have focused on(集中于) studying organic farming in the past few years.
3．There is no doubt that the chemical fertiliser causes damage to(对……造成损害) the soil and the surrounding environment.
4．I prefer buying/to buy(更喜欢买) this kind of domestic smartphone this company produces.
5．No matter what happens，nothing will keep him from(阻止他) attaining his goal.
6．It was because of(因为) his determination and bravery that made him overcome the problems.
7．Have you found a suitable solution(找到合适的解决方案) to tackling the challenging issue
Ⅱ.主题微写作——蔬菜栽培传统工艺实践课程(满分15分)
1．我很愿意告诉你一些关于我们学校今年开设的两门实践课程。(too...to...)
I am too willing to tell you something about the two practical courses opened by our school this year.
2．在参加蔬菜种植课程时，我学会了如何种植蔬菜。(while doing)
While taking the vegetable planting course，I learnt how to grow vegetables.
3．同时，我还选修了另一门实践课程——手工课，让我了解了用自己的双手制作传统工艺品的过程。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Meanwhile，I also took the other practical course—the handcraft class，enabling me to learn the process of creating traditional crafts with my own hands.
4．事实上，这两门课程深受我们所有人的欢迎。(that引导表语从句)
The truth is that these two courses are popular with all of us.
5．毫无疑问，参加这两门课程不仅让我对劳动的价值有了更深的理解，也让我体验到了创造的乐趣。(同位语从句)
There is no doubt that not only did attending the two courses help me have a deeper understanding of the value of labor but it also allowed me to experience the joy of creativity.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year.Yet，as the information industry moves forward，many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat.A “locavore” movement has emerged in the United States.The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.
Experts hold that eating locally has many merits(优点)，and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability.Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest，a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area.By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.“There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，” Barnett says.
The United States’ agricultural output is one of the highest in the world，says Timothy Beach，a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin，Texas.“There’s just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive，” Beach says of American agriculture.“Nobody can cut off the food we need.”
However，the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil(化石) fuels，says Beach.Equipment used on “extremely productive” farms is quickly consuming Earth’s natural resources，particularly oil.Additionally，the production of agricultural supplements(补充剂)，such as fertilizer，uses large amounts of energy.
The world has used close to half of the global oil supply，Beach says，and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development.Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.“There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably.Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating locally，” he says.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。随着信息产业的发展，美国兴起了“土食者”运动，该运动支持食用在本土以可持续方式种植的食物，从而提高人们关于可持续生活的意识。
1．What is the special focus of the “locavore” movement
A．The development of information society.
B．The emergence of new discoveries.
C．The localization and sustainability of food.
D．The globalization of eating styles.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.”可知，这场运动的重点是食品的本土化和可持续性。故选C。
2．What is Erin Barnett’s opinion
A．Agricultural companies have the responsibility to help farmers.
B．Eating locally helps raise public awareness of sustainability.
C．Eating locally can quickly increase the growth of the local economy.
D．The diversity of things can greatly enrich the lives of local people.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.‘There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，’ Barnett says.”可知，她的观点是本土化饮食有利于提高人们对可持续发展的认识。故选B。
3．What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A．The agricultural weaknesses of the US.
B．The benefits of fossil fuels.
C．The most productive equipment on farms.
D．The consumption of local food.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段介绍了美国农业的缺点。故选A。
4．What is the challenge facing the world now
A．The population is growing too fast.
B．Global economy develops rapidly.
C．Eating locally can’t be accepted.
D．No suitable energy can replace oil.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...oil supply...Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.”可知，现在世界面临的挑战是没有合适的能源可以取代石油。故选D。
B (此篇精读)
(2025·重庆高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
Lobsters(龙虾) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(视网膜)．This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科学家们发现龙虾的眼睛具有独特的结构，这可以帮助他们观测太空中的X射线，指导探索更远的宇宙。近年来，模拟龙虾眼睛的结构而制造出的仪器得到了越来越广泛的应用。未来，它可能成为帮助科学家更好地了解神秘宇宙的关键工具。
5．How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A．The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B．Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C．The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D．Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(视网膜)．”可知，龙虾眼睛的结构对它们的视觉能力的影响在于眼睛里的反射管将光线直射到视网膜。故选D。
6．What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A．They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B．They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C．They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D．They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人员使用龙虾眼仪器进行了第一次成功的X射线测量，15年后即2017年，这项技术才被应用于航天任务。故选C。
7．What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A．Skeptical. B．Positive.
C．Indifferent. D．Confused.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段内容可知，波特认为这项技术在天体物理学领域已经存在很长时间了，并且在近年来基于龙虾的仪器的应用数量有所增加，而且在未来这种仪器可能成为我们了解和探索宇宙的关键，因此波特对龙虾眼仪器的态度是积极的。故选B。
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B．The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C．The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D．The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是科学家们发现龙虾的眼睛具有独特的结构，这可以帮助他们观测太空中的X射线，指导探索更远的宇宙。近年来，模拟龙虾眼睛的结构而制造出的仪器得到了越来越广泛的应用。未来，它可能成为帮助科学家更好地了解神秘宇宙的关键工具。C选项“用于探究太空X射线的龙虾眼仪器的发展过程”符合文章主旨。故选C。
[词汇积累] 1．reveal v．揭示；展示 2．consist of由……组成/构成 3．reflection n．反射；映像，倒影；反映，显示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v．照出(影像)；反映，显示；反射；沉思；表达(意见)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的 4．be packed with装满，充满 5．direct熟义：adj.笔直的，径直的；直接的　生义(文义)：v.指引，引导 6．breakthrough n．重大进展；突破 7．heat(转)n.→v.加热 [句式分析] 1．Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions. 分析：此句为简单句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。 翻译：此外，这些工具中的许多都比传统的X射线仪器更轻、更小，因此更容易合并到多仪器任务中。 2．It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions. 分析：此句为复合句。before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……” 翻译：又过了15年，这项技术才被用于航天器任务。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东菏泽高二上期中)
Sometimes there is nothing more satisfying than picking up your things and heading to the beach.You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water. 1 So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun
The best way is to learn how to swim.However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water. 2 They know when and where there are dangerous currents(潮流)，and they will notice if the weather is taking a turn for the worse.
3 The chances are if anything happens，you won’t be able to call out for help.A friend will help reduce the amount of time it takes to get aid in an emergency，and you will be doing the same for your friends，too.
Even if you are a strong swimmer，you may fail to recognise when someone else is having trouble in the water.Therefore，it’s important to know the signs of drowning(溺水)．Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help. 4 Instead，he or she will be quiet and still，with his or her head facing the shore，body upright，and mouth at the level of the water.You could be right next to a drowning person and not even know it.
If you see a person who is drowning，don’t jump in to save him or her if you can’t swim well.Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing. 5
A．Also，never go into the water alone.
B．Different beaches might have different rules.
C．But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D．That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E．If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F．Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G．It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
1．答案　G
解析　根据上文“You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water.”和下文“So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun？”可知，设空处承上启下，说明活动虽有趣，但需要注意安全。G选项“这听起来很有趣，但如果你不注意安全，你就不会玩得很开心”切题。故选G。
2．答案　D
解析　根据上文“However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water.”和下文“They know...for the worse.”可知，设空处应承上启下。D选项“这就是你应该确保有救生员在值班的原因”切题，选项中的lifeguards是下文中的They的指代对象。故选D。
3．答案　A
解析　根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述不要独自一人游泳。A选项“另外，千万不要单独下水”切题，为本段的主题句。故选A。
4．答案　C
解析　根据上文“Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help.”和下文“Instead，he or she will...of the water.”可知，设空处与上文为转折关系，说明游泳者不会像人们认为的那样去呼救，且此处应呼应下文。C选项“但一个处于溺水的人是不会做这些事的”切题。故选C。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing.”可知，设空处承接上文，说明事情的进一步发展。F选项“一旦这个人上岸，他或她可以得到他或她需要的进一步医疗救助”切题。故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Mangzhong，one of China’s traditional solar terms，whose 1. (arrive) signifies the ripening of crops，began on June 5,2024.During this period，much of China experienced the hot weather，while the areas around the Yangtze River typically saw 2. increase in rainfall.
The term Mangzhong combines “mang”，referring to the awn(芒) on grain seeds，and “zhong”，meaning planting.It marks a busy time when grains are ready 3. (harvest)，and new crops are sown.4. (interest)，“mang” also means “busy” in Chinese，further emphasizing the intense agricultural activity associated 5. this period.
Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi captures the northern 6. (farmer) rush during Mangzhong in his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest(Guan Yimai)，reflecting the lives of people in northern China,7. race against time to gather the ripe wheat.In the south，however，Mangzhong is a time for planting rice.Song Dynasty poet Lu You illustrates this in his poem Timely Rain(Shi Yu)，8. (describe) how the season’s heavy rains benefit the region.The rain，coinciding with the ripening of plums and 9. (refer) to as “plum rain”，is vital for the growth of rice and other crops.
In recent years，Mangzhong 10. (stress) the differences in agricultural practices across China：while northern farmers focus on harvesting wheat，southern farmers rely on the seasonal rains to plant rice and nurture their crops.
1．答案　arrival
解析　考查名词。空处作从句主语，应用名词arrival“到来”。故填arrival。
2．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。空后的increase为名词，这里泛指降雨量增加，应用不定冠词，且increase的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
3．答案　to be harvested
解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be ready to do sth意为“准备好做某事”，且harvest和grains之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be harvested。
4．答案　Interestingly
解析　考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，句首单词的首字母大写。故填Interestingly。
5．答案　with
解析　考查介词。固定搭配be associated with...意为“有……有关”，此处是形容词短语作后置定语。故填with。
6．答案　farmers’
解析　考查名词复数和名词所有格。此处指北方农民，表示复数，且设空处修饰rush，应用farmers的所有格形式。故填farmers’。
7．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词people in northern China，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
8．答案　describing
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是illustrates，所以设空处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语Timely Rain (Shi Yu)和describe之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填describing。
9．答案　referred
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The rain和refer to之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。固定搭配refer to...as...意为“将……称为……”。故填referred。
10．答案　has stressed
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“In recent years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为Mangzhong，所以助动词用has。故填has stressed。(共102张PPT)
Period 4
Using Language
Working the land
Unit 5
内容索引
Step 1　课文深度理解
Step 2　语言知识梳理
Step 3　基础达标检测
作业4
课文深度理解
Chemicals in the food can 2.______________ and other diseases
harm 1.__________________________
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Problems caused by chemical fertilisers
the land and people’s health
farm without using 4._____________
prefer using 5._____________ from animals as fertiliser
Organic farming
cause cancer
essential
minerals
any chemicals
Chemical
Versus
Organic
Farming
Food may contain more water than 3.________
_________
natural waste
6._______ the kind of crop grown in each field every year
Other organic farming methods
change
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
plant 7.________ crops to use different depths of soil
different
Ⅱ.Skim the text to find out the main idea of the text.
The text mainly tells us __________________________________________
____________________________________.
the advantages and disadvantages/the strengths and weaknesses of two farming methods
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1.Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first
A.They were in widespread use.
B.They couldn’t harm the field.
C.They benefited people’s health.
D.They could increase production.
√
2.What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to in paragraph 2
A.Insects. B.Bacteria.
C.Crops. D.Chemicals.
√
3.What kind of people are organic farmers
A.Those who care for the environment.
B.Those who produce organic fertilisers.
C.Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
D.Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
√
4.How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted
A.By using chemical fertilisers.
B.By using natural fertilisers.
C.By changing crops every year.
D.By growing the same crops year after year.
√
5.What’s the author’s attitude to organic farming
A.Unconcerned. B.Neutral(中立的).
C.Supportive. D.Negative.
√
6.How is the text developed
A.By listing specific data.
B.By quoting experts’ words.
C.By presenting the results of some researchers.
D.By means of examples，pictures and comparison.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.广泛使用中
2.随着时间的流逝
3.另外
4.地下水源
5.相应地；转而；依次；轮流
6.事实上
7.因为；由于
________________
_________
__________
_________________________
_______
______
__________
in widespread use
over time
in addition
underground water sources
in turn
in fact
because of
8.对……造成损害
9.至于
10.富含
11.必需矿物质
12.关注；集中于……
13.没有……的，不受……影响的
14.例如；比如
15.更喜欢做某事
_______________
______
_________
________________
________
______
___________
______________
cause damage to
as for
be rich in
essential minerals
focus on
free of
for instance
prefer to do sth
16.阻止……做某事
17.满足那种需求
18.找到合适的解决方案
___________________
_____________
____________________
keep...from doing sth
meet that need
find a suitable solution
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，When引导的是_________从句，动词不定式to fight...作_________，修饰a great way。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
时间状语
后置定语
引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。
2.Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.(P55 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，what引导的是_____从句，that引导的是_____从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
主语
表语
然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。
3.For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，killing not only...是动词-ing形式短语作介词by的_____。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
简单
宾语
例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
4.This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，grown on the land是过去分词短语作______
_____，who digest them是_____从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
复合
后置
这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
定语
定语
5.In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的_____从句，修饰先行词___________。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
定语
the damage
事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。
6.They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是由并列连词but和and连接的_____句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
并列
此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
7.As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，and连接两个并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引导的_________从句。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
时间状语
作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
8.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，that use different depths of soil是_____从句，修饰先行词____________，to help keep it rich是不定式短语作_____状语。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
定语
有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。
diverse crops
目的
9.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，to grow good food是不定式短语作_____，while avoiding...是_____从句的省略。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
表语
采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。
状语
10.Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.(P56 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是_____句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是_____从句，修饰先行词_________________，while keeping...是_____从句的省略。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
定语
因此，要想找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。
a suitable solution
状语
返 回
语言知识梳理
相应地；转而；依次；轮流
[教材原句P55] This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
[译林版必修第三册Unit 1] These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
1
in turn
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
It turns/turned out that...结果是……，原来是……
(1)Bernard and John took turns _______(sell) popcorn with a unique flavour in the market.
(2)The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the women spoke ____ turn.
to sell
in
(3)(读后续写之激动情绪描写)轮到我做演讲了。结果我鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了所有的师生，这使我欣喜若狂。
_________________ deliver a speech.__________________ my inspiring speech appealed to all the students and teachers，which made me wild with joy.
写作佳句
It was my turn to
It turned out that
adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
2
essential
[教材原句P55] They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
[北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7] In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential skills.简言之，如果你想在21世纪的职业生涯中取得成功，就必须培养新的必备技能。
be essential to/for...对……很重要
It is essential that...(should)do... 做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必要的。
(1)In reality，learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential ______ you before learning Tang poems.
to/for
(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)公众应该相互合作，共同制定建设绿色北京的切实可行的计划，这是很必要的。
It is essential ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding building a Green Beijing.
写作佳句
that the public (should) team up with one another/for the public to team up with one another
n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.要不，或者)
alternative
3
[教材原句P55] As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
[外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 1] Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择。
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的选择
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(1)When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，it is appropriate for you to bring beautiful fresh flowers，_____________ (alternative)，buy a box of milk.
(2)To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be ____ alternative to private cars.
(3)What Youth appeals to me is that I have the alternative of ___________
(read) inspiring stories or attaining much pleasure from the latest news.
alternatively
an
reading
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)非常无助，我别无选择只好向出租车司机求助，司机欣然答应帮我摆脱困境。
Overcome with helplessness，I ____________________________
_______________________ and the driver readily promised to help me out of difficulty.
写作佳句
had no alternative but to turn to the taxi driver for help
[教材原句P55] As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用其施肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，grown with them是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。
4
too...to...结构
此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义：
·too后跟anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等表
示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时；
·too前有but，only，all等词对其进行修饰时；
·否定词not，never等用在too前时。
(1)看到舞台下有那么多的观众，他紧张得不知道说什么。
Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，____________________
________________.
he was too nervous to
know what to say
(2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高兴了。因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。
I am only ____________________________________.Therefore，I can’t thank you too much.
(3)(2023·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写)当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，我激动得几乎要哭出来了。
I _______________________________ when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing competition.
too happy to have someone to speak to
was too excited to be close to tears
[教材原句P56] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤之中，从而使土壤为种植下一批农作物做好准备。
[结构分析] 此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是Why引导的主语从句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引导的表语从句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是现在分词短语作结果状语。
5
现在分词短语作结果状语
·现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果；
·不定式作结果状语，则表示一种出乎意料的结果，往往用only/never
to do结构。
(1)(读后续写之绝望心理描写)马克差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，__________________________
_______________________.
throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。
Jane left alone with extreme anger，_______________________________
_______________.
only to find that she was lost in the
unfamiliar forest
[教材原句P56] What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
他们不能这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对粮食的巨大需求。
[结构分析] 此句是一个复合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。
6
同位语从句
·可以跟同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，
doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；诺言)，
possibility等。
·引导同位语从句的连接词有：从属连词that，whether，连接代词
what，who，which，连接副词 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能
引导同位语从句)
(1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们听说老爷爷去世的消息时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。
When we heard the news ___________________________________，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes.
(2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)妈妈建议我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
My mother made a suggestion ___________________________________，her eyes glittering with excitement.
that the old grandfather passed away
that we (should) camp in the next village
(3)他是否能够胜任这项工作还是个问题。
There is still a question _______________________________.
(4)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)毫无疑问，即将举办的汉语工作坊旨在促进中英文化交流。
_______________________________________________________________ promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
whether he can be equal to the job
There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at
返 回
基础达标检测
1.It often takes a long time to digest① such a difficult digest② of this science and technology article. ①_____________ 　②_______
2.After tireless efforts，we finally got to the root of the problem and we sighed in relief. 　 ________
vt.领会，领悟
Ⅰ.品句猜词
n.摘要
n.根源
1.He strongly suggests that we should take part in outdoor activities with the objective of __________ our inner anxiety.
2.I remind you not to judge anything about the idea until you have _________(领悟) it entirely.
3.What made him embarrassed was that his son copied others’ work in many _______(方面).
4.We must study the incident in ______ to figure out its root.
alleviating
Ⅱ.单词拼写
digested
aspects
depth
1.Ultimately，I had no alternative but ________(quit) the job and I wept uncontrollably.
2.These celebrities took turns __________(deliver) a speech on how to help homeless people out of difficulty.
3.To study efficiently，it is essential for us ________(relax) ourselves in our leisure time.
4.It convinced me of the fact _____ there were still many kind and generous people around us.
to quit
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
to deliver
to relax
that
5.The news entirely shocked the public，_______(lead) to a great concern about students’ safety at school.
6.I always focus ____ creating a novel in my leisure time.
leading
on
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century,1.________ scientists found that their long-term use can sometimes be 2.________(harm) to both the land and people’s health.In most countries some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 3._______(cause) to people and the environment.Thus，some farmers have switched 4.____ organic farming,5.______ can help tackle the problem.They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead of artificial fertilisers.By doing so，
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
but/yet
harmful
caused
to
which
they make the soil in their fields richer in minerals than before.In addition，many other methods 6.__________(use) to produce rich soil.Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.In this way，some important 7.________(mineral) are put back into the ground.Some people would prefer 8._______________(stop) the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9.___________(complete)，but organic farming can’t serve the high demand for food around the world.So scientists have to find a suitable 10.________(solve) to the problem.
are used
minerals
返 回
stopping/to stop
completely
solution
作业4
1.I strongly recommend that you should consume these few kinds of foods which ___________(富含) essential minerals.
2.These experts in agriculture _______________(集中于) studying organic farming in the past few years.
3.There is no doubt that the chemical fertiliser ________________(对……造成损害) the soil and the surrounding environment.
4.I ____________________(更喜欢买) this kind of domestic smartphone this company produces.
are rich in
have focused on
Ⅰ.短语填空
causes damage to
prefer buying/to buy
5.No matter what happens，nothing will _______________(阻止他) attaining his goal.
6.It was ___________(因为) his determination and bravery that made him overcome the problems.
7.Have you _______________________(找到合适的解决方案) to tackling the challenging issue
keep him from
because of
found a suitable solution
1.我很愿意告诉你一些关于我们学校今年开设的两门实践课程。(too...to...)
I _____________________________________ the two practical courses opened by our school this year.
2.在参加蔬菜种植课程时，我学会了如何种植蔬菜。(while doing)
_______________________________________，I learnt how to grow vegetables.
am too willing to tell you something about
Ⅱ.主题微写作——蔬菜栽培传统工艺实践课程
While taking the vegetable planting course
3.同时，我还选修了另一门实践课程——手工课，让我了解了用自己的双手制作传统工艺品的过程。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Meanwhile，I also took the other practical course—the handcraft class，_________________________________________________________________________.
4.事实上，这两门课程深受我们所有人的欢迎。(that引导表语从句)
The truth is __________________________________________.
that these two courses are popular with all of us
enabling me to learn the process of creating traditional crafts with my own hands
5.毫无疑问，参加这两门课程不仅让我对劳动的价值有了更深的理解，也让我体验到了创造的乐趣。(同位语从句)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ but it also allowed me to experience the joy of creativity.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
There is no doubt that not only did attending the two courses help me have a deeper understanding of the value of labor
A
New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year.Yet，as the information industry moves forward，many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。随着信息产业的发展，美国兴起了“土食者”运动，该运动支持食用在本土以可持续方式种植的食物，从而提高人们关于可持续生活的意识。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
A “locavore” movement has emerged in the United States.The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.
Experts hold that eating locally has many merits(优点)，and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability.Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest，a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area.By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.“There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，” Barnett says.
The United States’ agricultural output is one of the highest in the world，says Timothy Beach，a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin，Texas.“There’s just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive，” Beach says of American agriculture.“Nobody can cut off the food we need.”
However，the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil(化石) fuels，says Beach.Equipment used on “extremely productive” farms is quickly consuming Earth’s natural resources，particularly oil.Additionally，the production of agricultural supplements(补充剂)，such as fertilizer，uses large amounts of energy.
The world has used close to half of the global oil supply，Beach says，and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development.Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.“There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably.Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating locally，” he says.
1.What is the special focus of the “locavore” movement
A.The development of information society.
B.The emergence of new discoveries.
C.The localization and sustainability of food.
D.The globalization of eating styles.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.”可知，这场运动的重点是食品的本土化和可持续性。故选C。
解析
√
2.What is Erin Barnett’s opinion
A.Agricultural companies have the responsibility to help farmers.
B.Eating locally helps raise public awareness of sustainability.
C.Eating locally can quickly increase the growth of the local economy.
D.The diversity of things can greatly enrich the lives of local people.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.‘There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，’ Barnett says.”可知，她的观点是本土化饮食有利于提高人们对可持续发展的认识。故选B。
解析
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A.The agricultural weaknesses of the US.
B.The benefits of fossil fuels.
C.The most productive equipment on farms.
D.The consumption of local food.
段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段介绍了美国农业的缺点。故选A。
解析
√
4.What is the challenge facing the world now
A.The population is growing too fast.
B.Global economy develops rapidly.
C.Eating locally can’t be accepted.
D.No suitable energy can replace oil.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...oil supply...Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.”可知，现在世界面临的挑战是没有合适的能源可以取代石油。故选D。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
(2025·重庆高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科学家们发现龙虾的眼睛具有独特的结构，这可以帮助他们观测太空中的X射线，指导探索更远的宇宙。近年来，模拟龙虾眼睛的结构而制造出的仪器得到了越来越广泛的应用。未来，它可能成为帮助科学家更好地了解神秘宇宙的关键工具。
Lobsters(龙虾) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(视网膜).This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
5.How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A.The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B.Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C.The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D.Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(视网膜).”可知，龙虾眼睛的结构对它们的视觉能力的影响在于眼睛里的反射管将光线直射到视网膜。故选D。
解析
√
6.What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A.They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B.They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C.They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D.They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人员使用龙虾眼仪器进行了第一次成功的X射线测量，15年后即2017年，这项技术才被应用于航天任务。故选C。
解析
7.What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A.Skeptical. B.Positive.
C.Indifferent. D.Confused.
观点态度题。根据倒数第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段内容可知，波特认为这项技术在天体物理学领域已经存在很长时间了，并且在近年来基于龙虾的仪器的应用数量有所增加，而且在未来这种仪器可能成为我们了解和探索宇宙的关键，因此波特对龙虾眼仪器的态度是积极的。故选B。
解析
√
8.What is the passage mainly about
A.The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B.The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C.The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D.The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是科学家们发现龙虾的眼睛具有独特的结构，这可以帮助他们观测太空中的X射线，指导探索更远的宇宙。近年来，模拟龙虾眼睛的结构而制造出的仪器得到了越来越广泛的应用。未来，它可能成为帮助科学家更好地了解神秘宇宙的关键工具。C选项“用于探究太空X射线的龙虾眼仪器的发展过程”符合文章主旨。故选C。
解析
1.reveal v.揭示；展示
2.consist of由……组成/构成
3.reflection n.反射；映像，倒影；反映，显示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v.照出(影像)；反映，显示；反射；沉思；表达(意见)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的
4.be packed with装满，充满
5.direct熟义：adj.笔直的，径直的；直接的　生义(文义)：v.指引，引导
6.breakthrough n.重大进展；突破
7.heat(转)n.→v.加热
词汇积累
1.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
分析：此句为简单句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。
翻译：此外，这些工具中的许多都比传统的X射线仪器更轻、更小，因此更容易合并到多仪器任务中。
句式分析
2.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.
分析：此句为复合句。before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”
翻译：又过了15年，这项技术才被用于航天器任务。
(2025·山东菏泽高二上期中)
Sometimes there is nothing more satisfying than picking up your things and heading to the beach.You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了在海边玩耍时的注意事项。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or
she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention
to safety.
or best of all，jump into the water. 1 So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun
√
根据上文“You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water.”和下文“So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun？”可知，设空处承上启下，说明活动虽有趣，但需要注意安全。G选项“这听起来很有趣，但如果你不注意安全，你就不会玩得很开心”切题。故选G。
解析
The best way is to learn how to swim.However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water. 2 They know when and where there are dangerous currents(潮流)，and they will notice if the weather is taking a turn for the worse.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根据上文“However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water.”和下文“They know...for the worse.”可知，设空处应承上启下。D选项“这就是你应该确保有救生员在值班的原因”切题，选项中的lifeguards是下文中的They的指代对象。故选D。
解析
3 The chances are if anything happens，you won’t be able to call out for help.A friend will help reduce the amount of time it takes to get aid in an emergency，and you will be doing the same for your friends，too.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述不要独自一人游泳。A选项“另外，千万不要单独下水”切题，为本段的主题句。故选A。
解析
Even if you are a strong swimmer，you may fail to recognise when someone else is having trouble in the water.Therefore，it’s important to know the signs of drowning(溺水).Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help. 4 Instead，he or she will be quiet and still，with his or her head facing the shore，body upright，and mouth at the level of the water.You could be right next to a drowning person and not even know it.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根据上文“Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help.”和下文“Instead，he or she will...of the water.”可知，设空处与上文为转折关系，说明游泳者不会像人们认为的那样去呼救，且此处应呼应下文。C选项“但一个处于溺水的人是不会做这些事的”切题。故选C。
解析
If you see a person who is drowning，don’t jump in to save him or her if you can’t swim well.Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing. 5
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根据上文“Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing.”可知，设空处承接上文，说明事情的进一步发展。F选项“一旦这个人上岸，他或她可以得到他或她需要的进一步医疗救助”切题。故选F。
解析
Mangzhong，one of China’s traditional solar terms，whose 1.________(arrive) signifies the ripening of crops，began on June 5,2024.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二十四节气之一“芒种”的相关信息。
Ⅴ.语法填空
arrival
考查名词。空处作从句主语，应用名词arrival“到来”。故填arrival。
解析
During this period，much of China experienced the hot weather，while the areas around the Yangtze River typically saw 2. increase in rainfall.
an
考查冠词。空后的increase为名词，这里泛指降雨量增加，应用不定冠词，且increase的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
解析
The term Mangzhong combines “mang”，referring to the awn(芒) on grain seeds，and “zhong”，meaning planting.It marks a busy time when grains are ready 3.______________(harvest)，and new crops are sown.4._____________(interest)，“mang” also means “busy” in Chinese，
to be harvested
Interestingly
3.考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be ready to do sth意为“准备好做某事”，且harvest和grains之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be harvested。
4.考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，句首单词的首字母大写。故填Interestingly。
解析
further emphasizing the intense agricultural activity associated 5._____ this period.
with
考查介词。固定搭配be associated with...意为“有……有关”，此处是形容词短语作后置定语。故填with。
解析
Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi captures the northern 6.________(farmer) rush during Mangzhong in his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest(Guan Yimai)，
farmers’
考查名词复数和名词所有格。此处指北方农民，表示复数，且设空处修饰rush，应用farmers的所有格形式。故填farmers’。
解析
reflecting the lives of people in northern China,7.____ race against time to gather the ripe wheat.In the south，however，Mangzhong is a time for planting rice.
who
考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词people in northern China，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
解析
Song Dynasty poet Lu You illustrates this in his poem Timely Rain(Shi Yu)，8. (describe) how the season’s heavy rains benefit the region.
describing
考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是illustrates，所以设空处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语Timely Rain (Shi Yu)和describe之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填describing。
解析
The rain，coinciding with the ripening of plums and 9. (refer) to as “plum rain”，is vital for the growth of rice and other crops.
referred
考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The rain和refer to之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。固定搭配refer to...as...意为“将……称为……”。故填referred。
解析
In recent years，Mangzhong 10. (stress) the differences in agricultural practices across China：while northern farmers focus on harvesting wheat，southern farmers rely on the seasonal rains to plant rice and nurture their crops.
has stressed
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“In recent years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为Mangzhong，所以助动词用has。故填has stressed。
解析
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