资源简介

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，完成下面的练习
The reason ①why I went to Shanghai was that I planned to look for a good job in the international city.I headed for a big company ②where there were varieties of well-paid jobs.Luckily，I was allowed to take an interview at 9 am on Wednesday ③when I would spare no effort to “sell” myself.So I must prepare a good resume ④which would fully show my advantages.
1.加黑处①为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，why在从句中作原因状语。
2．加黑处②为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a big company，where在从句中作地点状语。
3．加黑处③为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Wednesday，when在从句中作时间状语。
4．加黑处④为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a good resume，which在从句中作主语。
限制性定语从句(2)
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country，city等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”结构。
The stadium where/in which the athletes work out is not far from here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
Great changes have taken place in the factory where/at which we are working.
我们工作的工厂发生了很大的变化。
[温馨提示]　当先行词是抽象名词，如case(情形，情况)，situation，point，condition，activity，atmosphere (氛围)等，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。
2．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。
It was a time when/during which I didn’t understand what death meant.
那时我还不明白死亡意味着什么。
I’ll never forget the day when/on which I was trapped in a burning house.我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的那一天。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress？
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
[温馨提示]　表示地点、时间及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可能用关系代词引导，也可能用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语，应用关系副词(where，when，why)引导；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，则应用关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)引导。试比较：
The mountain village where I stayed for one night last year has taken on a new look.(where在从句中作地点状语)
我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look.(that/which在从句中作介词to的宾语，此时也可省略that/which)
我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？(when在从句中作时间状语)
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
Do you remember the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm？(that/which在从句中作spent的宾语)
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.(why在从句中作原因状语)
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I won’t believe the reason (that/which) you have given us.(that/which在从句中作have given的直接宾语)
我是不会信你给我们的那个理由的。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
1．It happened in December when the weather was wet and cold.
2．The reason that/which her husband explained sounded reasonable.
3．The reason why I am writing this letter is that I have difficulty in learning maths.
4．I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
5．This is the house which/that was built ten years ago.
6．I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together.
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose (作定语)。
Do you know the girl to/with whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
None of us know the reason for which Tom didn’t come.
我们谁也不知道汤姆没来的原因。
The boss in whose company Mike worked heard about the car accident.
马克所在公司的老板听说了这起车祸。
2．“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中选择介词的三原则：一名二动三逻辑。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫氧气。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
温馨提示　有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果将介词提前会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brochure which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
[即时训练2]　用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．The young man to whom I referred just now is our maths teacher.
2．This is the farm on which my father grows fruit and vegetables.
3．This is a big window through which I can see the railway station.
4．I have some British friends from whom I have learnt much about the British customs.
5．The native speaker in whose house I am living is quite kind-hearted and often helps me solve some problems.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Do you still remember the day when we took the first aid course
2．I don’t know the reason why the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
3．This is the place where the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
4．Have you heard of the flood which our teacher referred to
5．Mr Field graduated in 2009，after which he entered a famous IT company.
6．This is the athlete from whom we have learnt a lot.
7．I’ll never forget the day which/that marks the start of our joint cooperation.
8．We don’t believe the reason that/which he told us just now.
9．We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10．Creating an environment where employees feel part of a team is of great importance.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地运用定语从句
Dear Tom，
How are you going these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.which often organizes various activities for us students(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动)．
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2．where/in which we can take exercise or practise our skills(在那里我们可以锻炼或者练习我们的技能)．At weekends，it is available for students 3.who/that are interested in sports events(对体育赛事感兴趣的学生)．The reason 4.why/for which we like the Sports Club(我们喜欢体育俱乐部) is that it enriches our campus life.
All in all，all of us can work out for half an hour every day,5.through which we can strengthen our body(通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质)．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
作业3
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.把下列句子合并为定语从句(共5小题；每题3分，满分15分)
1．This is the humorous guy.I often talk about him with you.
→This is the humorous guy about whom I often talk with you.
2．I will show you the book.In the book I found the answer.
→I will show you the book where/in which I found the answer.
3．There came a day.The rain fell at last then.
→There came a day when/on which the rain fell at last.
4．In our school，there is a science club.We can do science experiments at the club.
→In our school，there is a science club where/at which we can do science experiments.
5．The old man stood beside the window.Through the window he could see his wife weaving(编织) a sweater for him.
→The old man stood beside the window，through which he could see his wife weaving a sweater for him.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共6小题；每题3分，满分18分)
1．我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
I think the reason why/for which you always lose your temper may be the huge pressure of study.
2．父亲从国外回来的那一天是这个男孩一生中最幸福的一天。
The day when/on which his father returned from abroad is the happiest day in the boy’s life.
3．我已经到了我人生中应该自己作决定的阶段了。
I’ve reached a stage in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
4．毕业以后，他回到了他成长的小镇。
After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up.
5．我有一些外国朋友，从他们那里我了解到很多其他国家的习俗。
I have some foreign friends from whom I have learned a lot about the customs of other countries.
6．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when/in which many things can be done on computers.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Polyglots(通晓数种语言的人) are all around us.However，becoming a polyglot doesn’t just happen.It takes time，but it doesn’t take forever if you know the ways of the trade.Here are some tips from top multi-linguists on how to learn dialects more quickly.
Tim Ferris says that the first thing you must do when learning a new language is to “deconstruct” it to see how similar it is to your native tongue.Grammatically speaking，the closer the language is to yours，the faster you will pick it up.For example，English speakers will find Chinese more difficult than，say，Spanish，German and French because the English language borrows a lot of words from its Greek and Latin roots.
Being abroad in a foreign country and being immersed(沉浸) in a language are not the same thing.I know a lot of people who have lived overseas for years and hardly picked up the language.Even if you’re living in a foreign country，there isn’t anything that will make you learn languages more quickly than if you were living at home；make sure you must use the language every single day.
Alexander Arguelles promotes the “scriptorium technique”．He says that you should “read a sentence aloud；say each word aloud again as you write it；and then read the sentence aloud as you have written it.” The whole purpose of this exercise is to force you to slow down and pay attention to detail.This is the stage at which you should check all unknowns in the dictionary.
While it’s fair to say that prolonged exposure(接触) to words and sounds effectively “burns(刻录)” them into your brain，there comes a point in every young language learner’s life when you will simply forget a word you’ve heard a hundred times before.Ferris suggests a way to reduce experiences like this is to expand(扩大) your vocabulary using mnemonics(记忆术)．He says if you create a mnemonic for a target word，it will help glue the word to your memory more effectively.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习语言的一些建议。
1．Why do English speakers find Chinese more difficult to learn
A．Because there are few similarities between English and Chinese.
B．Because English has nothing in common with Chinese.
C．Because Chinese borrows a lot of words from Greek and Latin.
D．Because there are no keywords in the language of Chinese.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Grammatically speaking，the closer the language is to yours，the faster you will pick it up.For example，English speakers will find Chinese more difficult than，say，Spanish，German and French because the English language borrows a lot of words from its Greek and Latin roots.”可知，说英语的人发现汉语更难学是因为英语和汉语之间相似之处很少。故选A。
2．In the author’s opinion，if you want to learn a foreign language well，what should you do
A．Live in your native country.
B．Be abroad in a foreign country.
C．Use it to communicate with others.
D．Find a native speaker to teach you.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Being abroad in a foreign country and being immersed(沉浸) in a language are not the same thing.”以及“make sure you must use the language every single day”可知，作者认为，如果你想学好一门外语，就要用它来和别人交流。故选C。
3．What does Alexander Arguelles’ technique focus on
A．Listing key words.
B．Fast reading and writing.
C．Writing while speaking.
D．Reading and guessing unknown words.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He says that you should ‘read a sentence aloud；say each word aloud again as you write it；and then read the sentence aloud as you have written it.’”可知，Alexander Arguelles的技巧注重边读边写。故选C。
4．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean
A．Expanding your vocabulary.
B．Forgetting a very familiar word.
C．Listening to a word a hundred times.
D．Exposure to words and sounds frequently.
答案　B
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文“there comes a point in every young language learner’s life when you will simply forget a word you’ve heard a hundred times before”以及画线词所在句提到减少this的方法是借助记忆手段可推知，this指代上文中的“忘记一个非常熟悉的单词”这种情况。故选B。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·广东高一上期中)
People speak English in different parts of the world.The same words can be used in different ways，depending on where you live.People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words.Editors want to find the regional(地区的) differences in English around the world.They want to increase its record of the language.
The OED，BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom.It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary.One was “cuddy wifter”，which means “a left-handed person”．
Now，the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world.Eleanor Maier，an editor at OED，said the reaction has been great.Editors are listing a number of suggestions to include in the dictionary.These include Hawaii’s “hammajang”，which means “in a disorderly state”．Another is the word for a swimsuit，“dookers” or “duckers”．It is used in Scotland.
The OED also might include the word “frog-drowner”，which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain.Another possibility is “brick”．It means “very cold” used by people in New Jersey and New York City.
The dictionary has already found that，depending on location，a picture hanging off center might be described as “agley”．It might also be called “catawampous” or “ahoo”．
“The OED aims to cover all types of English，” Maier said.That includes scientific words，slang and regional language.Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words.Because the terms are more often spoken than written down.
The project is called Words Where You Are.It is looking for more suggestions.“We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include，” said Maier.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OED向全球征集地区性新词以丰富英语词汇记录的努力。
5．What is the OED’S main goal in collecting from the public
A．To find new words.
B．To remove outdated words.
C．To promote standard English.
D．To expand record for English.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Editors want to find the regional(地区的) differences in English around the world.They want to increase its record of the language.”可知，OED从公众那里收集新词的主要目标是了解地域差异、扩大对英语的记录。故选D。
6．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “ice-cold”？
A．Brick. B．Dookers.
C．Hammajang. D．Ahoo.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another possibility is ‘brick’．It means ‘very cold’ used by people in New Jersey and New York City.”可知，brick这个词在新泽西和纽约被用来表示“非常冷”。故选A。
7．What can be inferred from the passage
A．More than 100 countries take part in the project.
B．The OED’s editors are dissatisfied with their revision.
C．It is challenging to recognise the written form of some regional words.
D．It is necessary for English learners to have an Oxford English Dictionary.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words.Because the terms are more often spoken than written down.”可知，识别一些地区性词语的书面形式是具有挑战性的。故选C。
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．It’s time to find the source of local words.
B．The OED aims to collect new words from locals.
C．The same English words can be used to say different things.
D．The OED will include more regional words from around the globe.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第二段和倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了OED将从世界各地收集更多的地区性词语。故选D。
[词汇积累] 1．team up (with sb)合作；(与某人)结成一队 2．widen(派)＝wide＋n v．(使)变宽，加宽 3．downpour(合)＝down＋pour n．倾盆大雨 [句式分析] Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words. 分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中it作形式主语，to identify regional words是真正的主语。 翻译：迈尔还表示，《牛津英语词典》的编辑们很难识别地区性词汇。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·四川绵阳高一上期中)
Learning English is a challenging task，but it is also very rewarding.English is the most widely spoken language in the world and is used in many different fields such as business，science，and entertainment. 1 Here are some tips on how to learn English effectively.
Practice regularly.Learning a language requires constant effort. 2 This could be reading English books，watching English movies or TV shows，listening to English music，or even speaking with native speakers.The more you practice，the better you will become.You can also find many online resources such as videos，articles，and forums where you can practice your English skills.
Immerse yourself in the language.Try to surround yourself with English as much as possible.This could mean listening to English podcasts or radio stations，or even thinking in English. 3
4 There are many apps and websites that can help you learn English.For example，Duolingo is a popular language-learning app that offers a variety of exercises and games to help you improve your vocabulary，grammar，and pronunciation.So，make the most of the technology to improve your English.
Last but not least，don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process. 5 Instead，embrace(欣然接受) your mistakes as chances to learn and improve.
In conclusion，learning English requires dedication and effort.However，it is definitely worth it.By following these tips，you can improve your English skills and open up new opportunities for yourself in the future.
A．Try to learn from your mistakes.
B．Use technology to your advantage.
C．The more you speak，the better you will be.
D．Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E．Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F．You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G．Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习英语的有效方法和技巧，包括练习、沉浸、利用科技和接受错误。
1．答案　G
解析　上文“English is the most widely spoken language in the world and is used in many different fields such as business，science，and entertainment.”说明了英语在全世界被广泛使用且在多个领域被应用，下文则给出学习英语的建议。G项“因此，在全球化的今天，学好英语是必不可少的”与上文形成因果关系并引出下文，符合语境。故选G。
2．答案　F
解析　上文“Practice regularly.Learning a language requires constant effort.”说明定期练习和持续努力的重要性。空处应具体说明如何践行这一原则，所以F项“你应该每天留出一些时间来学习和练习英语”符合语境。故选F。
3．答案　E
解析　上文“Immerse yourself in the language...or even thinking in English.”说明要尽可能地让自己置身于英语环境中，并介绍了具体的做法，空处应进一步解释沉浸式学习的好处。E项的“Immersion”和上文中的“Immerse yourself in the language.”相呼应，所以E项“沉浸式学习是提高语言技能的好方法”符合语境。故选E。
4．答案　B
解析　下文“There are many apps and websites that can help you...So，make the most of the technology to improve your English.”说明本段所给建议为使用应用程序和网站等现代技术来辅助学习英语，所以B项“利用技术为自己谋利”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B。
5．答案　D
解析　上文“Last but not least，don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process.”说明不应该害怕犯错，并指出犯错误是学习过程的一部分，下文“Instead，embrace(欣然接受) your mistakes as chances to learn and improve.”指出，应该把错误当作学习和提高的机会。D项“不要让犯错的恐惧阻碍你前进”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·福建高一上期中)
The Shunan Bamboo Sea in Yibin，Sichuan，a natural forest，1. (be) a popular tourist attraction since scenes from a famous martial arts movie were shot there.This 120-square-kilometer forest is the largest old bamboo park in China，and 2. (it) average(平均的) temperature seldom drops below 0℃ in winter，even when many parts of the country are covered 3. snow and ice.
4． (know) as one of China’s most beautiful forests，the Bamboo Sea covers more than 500 hills.The ocean of green is dotted with lakes，waterfalls and lively spring scenery.
5． area has an average temperature of about 16℃ every year.Sometimes，though it is tiring for visitors 6. (hike) in the Bamboo Sea，they can feel more light-hearted because of the calmness and beauty.
Bamboo began to grow there about 3,000 years ago.In ancient times，bamboo was 7.___________________(extreme) important to the locals.And it is still used to build houses，make tools，and make musical 8. (instrument)．A must for visitors to the Bamboo Sea is the museum 9. they can gain a deeper understanding of this 10. (amaze) site.The nature of bamboo explains Chinese people’s long admiration for the plant，which inspires their lives and arts.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四川宜宾的蜀南竹海。
1．答案　has been
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句since...可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The Shunan Bamboo Sea为单数名词，所以助动词用has。故填has been。
2．答案　its
解析　考查代词。由空后average temperature为名词短语可知，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰该名词短语。故填its。
3．答案　with/by
解析　考查介词。此处为固定短语be covered with/by“被……覆盖”。故填with/by。
4．答案　Known
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，know和逻辑主语the Bamboo Sea为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Known。
5．答案　The
解析　考查冠词。根据句意以及空后area为名词可知，此处特指上文提到的“the Bamboo Sea”，所以用定冠词，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。
6．答案　to hike
解析　考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型it is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth“做某事对于某人来说是怎样的”，所以用动词不定式形式。故填to hike。
7．答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词extremely作状语修饰形容词important。故填extremely。
8．答案　instruments
解析　考查名词复数。根据句意以及上文的houses和tools可知，此处也应为可数名词复数形式，保持并列结构。故填instruments。
9．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句，先行词为museum，where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10．答案　amazing
解析　考查形容词。由空后site为名词可知，此处为形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”作定语修饰该名词。故填amazing。(共71张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Languages around the world
Unit 5
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
达标检测
作业3
情境导读
阅读以下短文，完成下面的练习
The reason ①why I went to Shanghai was that I planned to look for a good job in the international city.I headed for a big company ②where there were varieties of well-paid jobs.Luckily，I was allowed to take an interview at 9 am on Wednesday ③when I would spare no effort to “sell” myself.So I must prepare a good resume ④which would fully show my advantages.
1.加颜色处①为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，why在从句中作 。
2.加颜色处②为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a big company，where在从句中作 。
原因状语
地点状语
3.加颜色处③为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Wednesday，when在从句中作 。
4.加颜色处④为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a good resume，which在从句中作 。
时间状语
主语
返 回
语法精讲
限制性定语从句(2)
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country，city等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”结构。
The stadium where/in which the athletes work out is not far from here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
Great changes have taken place in the factory where/at which we are working.我们工作的工厂发生了很大的变化。
[温馨提示]　当先行词是抽象名词，如case(情形，情况)，situation，point，condition，activity，atmosphere (氛围)等，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。
2.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。
It was a time when/during which I didn’t understand what death meant.
那时我还不明白死亡意味着什么。
I’ll never forget the day when/on which I was trapped in a burning house.我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的那一天。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress？
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
[温馨提示]　表示地点、时间及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可能用关系代词引导，也可能用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语，应用关系副词(where，when，why)引导；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，则应用关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)引导。试比较：
The mountain village where I stayed for one night last year has taken on a new look.(where在从句中作地点状语)
我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look.(that/which在从句中作介词to的宾语，此时也可省略that/which)
我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？(when在从句中作时间状语)
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
Do you remember the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm？(that/which在从句中作spent的宾语)
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.(why在从句中作原因状语)
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I won’t believe the reason (that/which) you have given us.(that/which在从句中作have given的直接宾语)
我是不会信你给我们的那个理由的。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
1.It happened in December the weather was wet and cold.
2.The reason her husband explained sounded reasonable.
3.The reason I am writing this letter is that I have difficulty in learning maths.
4.I’d like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine.
5.This is the house was built ten years ago.
6.I’ll never forget the day we spent together.
when
that/which
why
where
which/that
that/which
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose (作定语)。
Do you know the girl to/with whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
None of us know the reason for which Tom didn’t come.
我们谁也不知道汤姆没来的原因。
The boss in whose company Mike worked heard about the car accident.
马克所在公司的老板听说了这起车祸。
2.“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中选择介词的三原则：一名二动三逻辑。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫氧气。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
温馨提示　有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果将介词提前会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brochure which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.
护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
[即时训练2]　用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1.The young man I referred just now is our maths teacher.
2.This is the farm my father grows fruit and vegetables.
3.This is a big window I can see the railway station.
4.I have some British friends I have learnt much about the British customs.
5.The native speaker house I am living is quite kind-hearted and often helps me solve some problems.
返 回
to whom
on which
through which
from whom
in whose
达标检测
1.Do you still remember the day we took the first aid course
2.I don’t know the reason the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
3.This is the place the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
4.Have you heard of the flood which our teacher referred
5.Mr Field graduated in 2009， which he entered a famous IT company.
6.This is the athlete whom we have learnt a lot.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
when
why
where
to
after
from
7.I’ll never forget the day marks the start of our joint cooperation.
8.We don’t believe the reason he told us just now.
9.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10.Creating an environment employees feel part of a team is of great importance.
which/that
that/which
when
where
Dear Tom，
How are you going these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.____________________________________________
(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动).
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2.________________
(在那里我们可以锻炼或者练习我们的技能).At weekends，it is available for students 3._______________
(对体育赛事感兴趣的学生).The reason
4. (我们喜欢体育俱乐部) is that it enriches our campus life.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句
which often organizes various activities for us students
where/in which
who/that are
interested in sports events
we can take exercise or practise our skills
why/for which we like the Sports Club
All in all，all of us can work out for half an hour every day, 5.________
(通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质).
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
返 回
through
which we can strengthen our body
作业3
1.This is the humorous guy.I often talk about him with you.
→____________________________________________________________
2.I will show you the book.In the book I found the answer.
→____________________________________________________________
3.There came a day.The rain fell at last then.
→____________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.把下列句子合并为定语从句
This is the humorous guy about whom I often talk with you.
I will show you the book where/in which I found the answer.
There came a day when/on which the rain fell at last.
4.In our school，there is a science club.We can do science experiments at the club.
→____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5.The old man stood beside the window.Through the window he could see his wife weaving(编织) a sweater for him.
→____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
In our school，there is a science club where/at which we can do science experiments.
The old man stood beside the window，through which he could see his wife weaving a sweater for him.
1.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
I think the reason may be the huge pressure of study.
2.父亲从国外回来的那一天是这个男孩一生中最幸福的一天。
The day is the happiest day in the boy’s life.
3.我已经到了我人生中应该自己作决定的阶段了。
I’ve reached a stage in my life .
Ⅱ.完成句子
why/for which you always lose your temper
when/on which his father returned from abroad
where I should make decisions of my own
4.毕业以后，他回到了他成长的小镇。
After graduation he returned to the small town .
5.我有一些外国朋友，从他们那里我了解到很多其他国家的习俗。
I have some foreign friends _______________________________________
.
6.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age on computers.
where/in which he grew up
when/in which many things can be done
from whom I have learned a lot about the customs of other countries
A
Polyglots(通晓数种语言的人) are all around us.However，becoming a polyglot doesn’t just happen.It takes time，but it doesn’t take forever if you know the ways of the trade.Here are some tips from top multi-linguists on how to learn dialects more quickly.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习语言的一些建议。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Tim Ferris says that the first thing you must do when learning a new language is to “deconstruct” it to see how similar it is to your native tongue.Grammatically speaking，the closer the language is to yours，the faster you will pick it up.For example，English speakers will find Chinese more difficult than，say，Spanish，German and French because the English language borrows a lot of words from its Greek and Latin roots.
Being abroad in a foreign country and being immersed(沉浸) in a language are not the same thing.I know a lot of people who have lived overseas for years and hardly picked up the language.Even if you’re living in a foreign country，there isn’t anything that will make you learn languages more quickly than if you were living at home；make sure you must use the language every single day.
Alexander Arguelles promotes the “scriptorium technique”.He says that you should “read a sentence aloud；say each word aloud again as you write it；and then read the sentence aloud as you have written it.” The whole purpose of this exercise is to force you to slow down and pay attention to detail.This is the stage at which you should check all unknowns in the dictionary.
While it’s fair to say that prolonged exposure(接触) to words and sounds effectively “burns(刻录)” them into your brain，there comes a point in every young language learner’s life when you will simply forget a word you’ve heard a hundred times before.Ferris suggests a way to reduce experiences like this is to expand(扩大) your vocabulary using mnemonics(记忆术).He says if you create a mnemonic for a target word，it will help glue the word to your memory more effectively.
1.Why do English speakers find Chinese more difficult to learn
A.Because there are few similarities between English and Chinese.
B.Because English has nothing in common with Chinese.
C.Because Chinese borrows a lot of words from Greek and Latin.
D.Because there are no keywords in the language of Chinese.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Grammatically speaking，the closer the language is to yours，the faster you will pick it up.For example，English speakers will find Chinese more difficult than，say，Spanish，German and French because the English language borrows a lot of words from its Greek and Latin roots.”可知，说英语的人发现汉语更难学是因为英语和汉语之间相似之处很少。故选A。
解析
2.In the author’s opinion，if you want to learn a foreign language well，what should you do
A.Live in your native country.
B.Be abroad in a foreign country.
C.Use it to communicate with others.
D.Find a native speaker to teach you.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Being abroad in a foreign country and being immersed(沉浸) in a language are not the same thing.”以及“make sure you must use the language every single day”可知，作者认为，如果你想学好一门外语，就要用它来和别人交流。故选C。
解析
3.What does Alexander Arguelles’ technique focus on
A.Listing key words.
B.Fast reading and writing.
C.Writing while speaking.
D.Reading and guessing unknown words.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He says that you should ‘read a sentence aloud；say each word aloud again as you write it；and then read the sentence aloud as you have written it.’”可知，Alexander Arguelles的技巧注重边读边写。故选C。
解析
4.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean
A.Expanding your vocabulary.
B.Forgetting a very familiar word.
C.Listening to a word a hundred times.
D.Exposure to words and sounds frequently.
√
代词指代题。根据画线词上文“there comes a point in every young language learner’s life when you will simply forget a word you’ve heard a hundred times before”以及画线词所在句提到减少this的方法是借助记忆手段可推知，this指代上文中的“忘记一个非常熟悉的单词”这种情况。故选B。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·广东高一上期中)
People speak English in different parts of the world.The same words can be used in different ways，depending on where you live.People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OED向全球征集地区性新词以丰富英语词汇记录的努力。
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words.Editors want to find the regional(地区的) differences in English around the world.They want to increase its record of the language.
The OED，BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom.It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary.One was “cuddy wifter”，which means “a left-handed person”.
Now，the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world.Eleanor Maier，an editor at OED，said the reaction has been great.Editors are listing a number of suggestions to include in the dictionary.These include Hawaii’s “hammajang”，which means “in a disorderly state”.Another is the word for a swimsuit，“dookers” or “duckers”.It is used in Scotland.
The OED also might include the word “frog-drowner”，which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain.Another possibility is “brick”.It means “very cold” used by people in New Jersey and New York City.
The dictionary has already found that，depending on location，a picture hanging off center might be described as “agley”.It might also be called “catawampous” or “ahoo”.
“The OED aims to cover all types of English，” Maier said.That includes scientific words，slang and regional language.Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words.Because the terms are more often spoken than written down.
The project is called Words Where You Are.It is looking for more suggestions.“We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include，” said Maier.
5.What is the OED’S main goal in collecting from the public
A.To find new words.
B.To remove outdated words.
C.To promote standard English.
D.To expand record for English.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Editors want to find the regional(地区的) differences in English around the world.They want to increase its record of the language.”可知，OED从公众那里收集新词的主要目标是了解地域差异、扩大对英语的记录。故选D。
解析
6.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “ice-cold”？
A.Brick. B.Dookers.
C.Hammajang. D.Ahoo.
√
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another possibility is ‘brick’.It means ‘very cold’ used by people in New Jersey and New York City.”可知，brick这个词在新泽西和纽约被用来表示“非常冷”。故选A。
解析
7.What can be inferred from the passage
A.More than 100 countries take part in the project.
B.The OED’s editors are dissatisfied with their revision.
C.It is challenging to recognise the written form of some regional words.
D.It is necessary for English learners to have an Oxford English Dictionary.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words.Because the terms are more often spoken than written down.”可知，识别一些地区性词语的书面形式是具有挑战性的。故选C。
解析
8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.It’s time to find the source of local words.
B.The OED aims to collect new words from locals.
C.The same English words can be used to say different things.
D.The OED will include more regional words from around the globe.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第二段和倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了OED将从世界各地收集更多的地区性词语。故选D。
解析
1.team up (with sb)合作；(与某人)结成一队
2.widen(派)＝wide＋n v.(使)变宽，加宽
3.downpour(合)＝down＋pour n.倾盆大雨
词汇积累
Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中it作形式主语，to identify regional words是真正的主语。
翻译：迈尔还表示，《牛津英语词典》的编辑们很难识别地区性词汇。
句式分析
(2025·四川绵阳高一上期中)
Learning English is a challenging task，but it is also very rewarding. English is the most widely spoken language in the world and is used in many different fields such as business，science，and entertainment.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习英语的有效方法和技巧，包括练习、沉浸、利用科技和接受错误。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.Try to learn from your mistakes.
B.Use technology to your advantage.
C.The more you speak，the better you will be.
D.Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E.Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F.You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G.Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
√
1 Here are some tips on how to learn English effectively.
上文“English is the most widely spoken language in the world and is used in many different fields such as business，science，and entertainment.”说明了英语在全世界被广泛使用且在多个领域被应用，下文则给出学习英语的建议。G项“因此，在全球化的今天，学好英语是必不可少的”与上文形成因果关系并引出下文，符合语境。故选G。
解析
A.Try to learn from your mistakes.
B.Use technology to your advantage.
C.The more you speak，the better you will be.
D.Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E.Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F.You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G.Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
√
Practice regularly.Learning a language requires constant effort. 2 This could be reading English books，watching English movies or TV shows，listening to English music，or even speaking with native speakers.The more you practice，the better you will become.You can also find many online resources such as videos，articles，and forums where you can practice your English skills.
上文“Practice regularly.Learning a language requires constant effort.”说明定期练习和持续努力的重要性。空处应具体说明如何践行这一原则，所以F项“你应该每天留出一些时间来学习和练习英语”符合语境。故选F。
解析
A.Try to learn from your mistakes.
B.Use technology to your advantage.
C.The more you speak，the better you will be.
D.Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E.Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F.You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G.Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
√
Immerse yourself in the language.Try to surround yourself with English as much as possible.This could mean listening to English podcasts or radio stations，or even thinking in English. 3
上文“Immerse yourself in the language...or even thinking in English.”说明要尽可能地让自己置身于英语环境中，并介绍了具体的做法，空处应进一步解释沉浸式学习的好处。E项的“Immersion”和上文中的“Immerse yourself in the language.”相呼应，所以E项“沉浸式学习是提高语言技能的好方法”符合语境。故选E。
解析
A.Try to learn from your mistakes.
B.Use technology to your advantage.
C.The more you speak，the better you will be.
D.Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E.Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F.You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G.Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
√
4 There are many apps and websites that can help you learn English.For example，Duolingo is a popular language-learning app that offers a variety of exercises and games to help you improve your vocabulary，grammar，and pronunciation. So，make the most of the technology to improve your English.
下文“There are many apps and websites that can help you...So，make the most of the technology to improve your English.”说明本段所给建议为使用应用程序和网站等现代技术来辅助学习英语，所以B项“利用技术为自己谋利”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B。
解析
A.Try to learn from your mistakes.
B.Use technology to your advantage.
C.The more you speak，the better you will be.
D.Don’t let fear of making mistakes hold you back.
E.Immersion is a great way to improve your language skills.
F.You should set aside some time every day to study and practice English.
G.Therefore，it is essential to learn English well in today’s globalized world.
√
Last but not least，don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process. 5 Instead，embrace (欣然接受) your mistakes as chances to learn and improve.
上文“Last but not least，don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process.”说明不应该害怕犯错，并指出犯错误是学习过程的一部分，下文“Instead，embrace(欣然接受) your mistakes as chances to learn and improve.”指出，应该把错误当作学习和提高的机会。D项“不要让犯错的恐惧阻碍你前进”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
解析
In conclusion，learning English requires dedication and effort. However，it is definitely worth it.By following these tips，you can improve your English skills and open up new opportunities for yourself in the future.
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2025·福建高一上期中)
The Shunan Bamboo Sea in Yibin，Sichuan，a natural forest，1.__________(be) a popular tourist attraction since scenes from a famous martial arts movie were shot there.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四川宜宾的蜀南竹海。
has been
考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句since...可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The Shunan Bamboo Sea为单数名词，所以助动词用has。故填has been。
解析
This 120-square-kilometer forest is the largest old bamboo park in China，and 2.____(it) average(平均的) temperature seldom drops below 0℃ in winter，even when many parts of the country are covered 3.__________ snow and ice.
its
2.考查代词。由空后average temperature为名词短语可知，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰该名词短语。故填its。
3.考查介词。此处为固定短语be covered with/by“被……覆盖”。故填with/by。
解析
with/by
4.__________(know) as one of China’s most beautiful forests，the Bamboo Sea covers more than 500 hills.The ocean of green is dotted with lakes，waterfalls and lively spring scenery.
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，know和逻辑主语the Bamboo Sea为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Known。
解析
Known
5.______ area has an average temperature of about 16℃ every year. Sometimes，though it is tiring for visitors 6._______(hike) in the Bamboo Sea，they can feel more light-hearted because of the calmness and beauty.
to hike
5.考查冠词。根据句意以及空后area为名词可知，此处特指上文提到的“the Bamboo Sea”，所以用定冠词，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。
6.考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型it is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth“做某事对于某人来说是怎样的”，所以用动词不定式形式。故填to hike。
解析
The
Bamboo began to grow there about 3,000 years ago.In ancient times，bamboo was 7.___________(extreme) important to the locals.And it is still used to build houses，make tools，and make musical 8.____________
(instrument).
7.考查副词。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词extremely作状语修饰形容词important。故填extremely。
8.考查名词复数。根据句意以及上文的houses和tools可知，此处也应为可数名词复数形式，保持并列结构。故填instruments。
解析
extremely
instruments
A must for visitors to the Bamboo Sea is the museum 9._______ they can gain a deeper understanding of this 10._________(amaze) site.The nature of bamboo explains Chinese people’s long admiration for the plant，which inspires their lives and arts.
9.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句，先行词为museum，where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.考查形容词。由空后site为名词可知，此处为形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”作定语修饰该名词。故填amazing。
解析
where
amazing
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