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Period 3　Grammar and usage—Simple，compound and complex sentences
阅读下列文章，然后完成后面的题目
(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.(2)So，we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(3)Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health.(4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.(5)It may not have been addressed before，but don’t worry.(6)You can visit the “teen health” forum on our website instead.(7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website.(8)Users are encouraged to post their problems，and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.(9)Before you write your post，however，take a look at other users’ posts first.(10)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(11)If your problem is a new one，write a post about it.(12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation.(13)There is a lot to see，so take some time to look around our website!
简单句 (2)(3)(4)(6)
并列句 (5)(8)(13)
复合句 (1)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)
句子的类型
一、简单句(Simple sentence)
简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。句式结构如下：
1．SV：主语＋谓语
You|shouldn’t argue.
你们不应该争吵。
Most birds|can fly.大部分鸟儿都会飞。
2．SVO：主语＋谓语＋宾语
His calm response |dissolved|her anger.
他平静的回答化解了她的怒气。
The dove|is building|her nest.
那只鸽子正在筑巢。
3．SVP：主语＋连系动词＋表语
Losing weight|was|a terrible struggle.
减肥是一件很费劲的事。
The most important task|is|to study hard.
最重要的任务是努力学习。
4．SVOO：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
The expert |offered|me|much help.
这位专家给了我大量帮助。
It|gives|us|a great feeling of peace.
它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。
5．SVOC：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
They|painted|the door|green.
他们把门漆成绿色。
I|consider|English|a very important subject.
我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
6．SVA：主语＋谓语＋状语
The lake|came into view |soon.
那湖很快映入眼帘。
Chris and Tim|work|at a zoo.
克里斯和蒂姆在一家动物园工作。
7．SVOA：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
She|is doing|her homework|carefully.
她正认真地做家庭作业。
Jane and her sister|are playing|computer games|at home.
简和她的姐姐正在家中玩电脑游戏。
8．There be...
There|aren’t|many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
There|is|a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.
房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
二、并列句(Compound sentence)
并列句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。并列句的基本句式结构为“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。
常见的并列连词：
1．表示平行并列，常用的连词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。
He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.
他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。
2．表示转折，常用的连词有but，yet。
His son came back，but he was still anxious.
他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。
3．表示对比，常用的连词有while。
He likes sports，while I’d rather collect stamps.
他喜欢运动，而我更喜欢集邮。
4．表示因果，常用的连词有for，so。
It must have rained yesterday evening，for the ground is wet.
昨晚准是下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.
经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。
[注意]　so和because不能连用。
5．表示选择，常用的连词有or，either...or...等。
Either you face the situation or you leave the spot at once.
你要么面对现实要么马上离开现场。
[疑难点津]　注意“and”和“or”构成的特殊句式：
1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句(常用将来时)
Study hard，and you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
努力学习，你一定能在考试中取得好成绩。
2．祈使句＋or＋陈述句(常用将来时)
Be quick，or we’ll be late for class.
快点，否则我们上课就要迟到了。
三、主从复合句(Complex sentence)
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句主要包含名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句，它们在句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语。
1．名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)
When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)
飞机何时起飞尚未通知。
That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)
那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。
He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)
他说有些青少年不努力学习。
We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)
我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。
2．定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在句中作定语)
The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.
那个满腔怒火的人是迈克的父亲。
I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.
我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。
3．状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词或整个主句。在句中可作时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步状语等)
When I saw him，I found him under great stress.
我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。
I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time.
我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。
If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.
如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。
He was punished because he was late.
他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。
Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.
我们提早起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。
He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.
他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。
Please do as you are told.
请按照你被告知的去做。
Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.
虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。
[注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。
Ⅰ.选出下列句子分别属于哪一种句式
A.简单句　B.并列句　C.主从复合句
1．This is where we met for the first time. C
2．Hurry up，or else you’ll be late. B
3．You’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain. B
4．John and Bob are both my devoted friends. A
5．Growing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. A
6．We had our work finished ahead of time so we can relax ourselves to our heart’s content. B
7．After the students were all in the chemistry lab，the teacher brought out three bottles. C
8．Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers. B
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．青少年在许多事情上不能和父母看法一致。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)
Teenagers cannot see eye to eye with their parents on many things.
2．明天提早起床，否则你会错过第一班公共汽车。(并列句)
Get up early tomorrow，or you will miss the first bus.
3．麻烦是我把钥匙丢了。(表语从句)
The trouble is that I lost my keys.
4．我们都知道，月亮绕着地球转。(宾语从句)
We all know that the moon travels round the earth.
5．不要横穿马路，因为非常危险。(原因状语从句)
Don’t cross the street，because it is very dangerous.
作业3　Grammar and usage
[分值：83.5分]
Ⅰ.用合适的词填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1．He was tired，so he went to bed.
2．He has found out why she was late.
3．He made a promise，but/yet he didn’t keep it.
4．He didn’t come yesterday because/as he was ill.
5．We’ll go to the Great Wall if it’s fine tomorrow.
6．I still remember the day when I first went to New York.
7．These flowers are so beautiful that many people come to enjoy them.
8．The child hid behind his mother’s skirt，for/because he was afraid of the dog.
Ⅱ.将下列句子合成并列句或复合句(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
1．Mary was ill.She was absent from school.
Mary was ill so she was absent from school.
2．He graduated from college.He set up a company of his own.
After he graduated from college，he set up a company of his own.
3．I grew older.I became interested in designing clothes.
I grew older and I became interested in designing clothes./As I grew older，I became interested in designing clothes.
4．Why did he make the decision I struggled to understand the reason.
I struggled to understand the reason why he made the decision.
5．You don’t hurry up.We will miss the train.
If you don’t hurry up，we will miss the train.
6．You take action immediately.You are likely to succeed.
If you take action immediately，you are likely to succeed.
7．I am on a diet.I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
I am on a diet but I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
8．It turned out to be a lovely day.We decided to go out for a walk.
It turned out to be a lovely day so we decided to go out for a walk.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东深圳高一上期中)
Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement(互动式参与) activities like reading，playing，telling stories，drawing and singing.
Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds，the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England.According to the research，dads who regularly drew，played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five.Dads being involved at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments.
Dr Helen Norman，who led the research，said，“Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare，but if fathers actively engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in sharing childcare with the mother，from an early stage in the child’s life，is critical.”
Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child’s gender，ethnicity，age in the school year and household income，according to the research.There were different effects when moms and dads took part in the same activities—the data showed that moms had more of an impact on young children’s emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement.
The researchers recommend that dads spare as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week.For busy，working dads，even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational benefits.They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents’ contact details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement.
Dr Jeremy Davies，who co-authored the report，said，“Our analysis has shown that fathers have an important，direct impact on their children’s learning.We should be recognizing this and actively finding ways to support dads in playing their part，rather than engaging only with mothers，or taking a gender-neutral approach.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利兹大学的研究发现：如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好。
1．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By assessing parent-child relationships.
B．By observing educational parent-child activities.
C．By classifying children’s individual interests.
D．By examining children’s academic performance.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Analyzing primary school test scores...at school by age five...”可知，研究人员是通过分析孩子们的学习成绩来进行研究的，故选D。
2．What does Helen Norman try to tell us in paragraph 3
A．Shared childcare is highly beneficial.
B．Education starts from the family.
C．Children need a sense of belonging.
D．Father excels in educating children.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role...if fathers actively engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.”可推知，海伦·诺曼博士想要告诉我们的是父母共同照顾孩子是非常有益的，故选A。
3．Which of the following do the researchers recommend
A．Fathers reduce working hours.
B．Schools involve fathers in children’s learning.
C．Mothers keep track of children’s studies.
D．Educators find ways to support mothers.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“They also recommend that schools...to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement.”可知，研究人员建议学校努力让父亲参与孩子的学习，故选B。
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．The Shift in Parents’ Roles in Childcare
B．The Impact of Fathers on Children’s Education
C．Mom vs Dad：Who Influences Kids More
D．Interactive Activities：How Do They Affect Kids’ Grades
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Research led by the...engagement(互动式参与) activities like reading，playing，telling stories，drawing and singing.”可知，文章主要讲述利兹大学的研究发现如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好，这是父亲对孩子教育的影响，B选项“父亲对孩子教育的影响”适合作标题，故选B。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·浙江台州高一上期中)
Conflict(冲突) between parents and children is normal.It is part of family life.But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships.It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution.You can do this through compromise(让步) or by agreeing to disagree.No matter what else you do，communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them.This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective.
In some cases，you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child.Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour.So，if you want your child to behave in a certain way，one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model.
But children should be responsible for their own actions—and the results.All parents want to protect their children.But in some cases，unless the child is in physical danger，it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do.
Collaborate(合作) to develop specific rules and write them down.These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics，and when homework must be completed.Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences，but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate.
Have clear results for misconduct.Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly.Additionally，create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them.These could include helping feed the family pet，taking a shower，or finishing homework.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何解决父母和孩子之间的冲突。
5．What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children
A．Developing rules.
B．Reaching an understanding.
C．Changing behaviour.
D．Advising children to give in.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution.You can do this through...make dealing with conflict easier and more effective.”可知，解决父母和孩子冲突的关键是互相沟通和达成一致，故选B。
6．Why do parents need to change their behaviour first in the conflict
A．To set a good example for children.
B．To find a reason to punish children.
C．To be responsible for their actions.
D．To compromise with their children.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“So，if you want your child to behave in a certain way，one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model.”可知，在冲突中父母首先需要改变自己的行为，这是为了给孩子树立榜样，故选A。
7．What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen
A．Share the solutions with him.
B．Let him deal with it himself.
C．Deal with the situation for him.
D．Teach him how to solve it.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But in some cases，unless the child is in physical danger，it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do.”可知，如果孩子造成不好的事情发生，父母应让孩子自己去处理，故选B。
8．What does the underlined word “misconduct” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Direct words.
B．Strict rules.
C．Good performances.
D．Improper behaviour.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和画线词后一句“Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly.”可知，本段是讲应明确告知孩子不当行为的后果，由此推知，misconduct意为“不当行为”，D选项符合题意。故选D。
[词汇积累] 1．effective(派)＝effect＋tive adj.有效的 2．misconduct(派)＝mis＋conduct n．不当行为 3．disobey(派)＝dis＋obey v．违背 4．additionally(派)＝additional＋ly adv.此外，另外 [句式分析] Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. 分析：此句为复合句。if 引导条件状语从句；主句中it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。 翻译：因此，如果您的孩子不遵守规则，要明确告诉他，由于他不能负责任地玩玩具，使用玩具的权利将会被取消。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·重庆高一上期中)
What Can We Learn from The Art of War
The Art of War is one of the world’s most famous and influential military texts，written by the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu.The famous military text has now turned into general rules for conflict(矛盾)．It is recommended by all the famous business leaders and even sports coaches.
1 Whenever there is a battle within ourselves，or a conflict in an organization，The Art of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory.Want to know more about the lessons it provides Take a look!
Choose your battles carefully.
One of the first lessons that we learn from The Art of War is to choose our battles.It is better to understand when you should engage in a war and when it will be wise to avoid any argument at all. 2
Plan and strategize.
Planning is the center of The Art of War. 3 In fact，it is also important in everyday life to have clear smart goals to increase your chances of success.In war，the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak.So whether you are going to start a business，or face a difficulty，it is always a better idea to approach these everyday problems with a strategy.
　4　
Knowing yourself is important but it is also equally important to know your enemy.Taking your enemy lightly can be the biggest mistake you make.Understand your strengths but also recognize your weaknesses.This can help you develop strategies to protect the weakest parts of yourself.Know yourself and know your enemy，and you will remain unharmed in conflicts.
Be adaptable and flexible.
You can use psychological war，yet you need to be flexible yourself.You need to react quickly to your changing circumstances and adapt to them.In war and life，the key to success lies in adaptability and flexibility. 5 Seize opportunities，and remain responsive to the dynamic changes of their environment.
A．Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B．Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C．Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D．People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E．The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F．Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G．Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了从《孙子兵法》中可以学到的一些经验教训，包括谨慎选择是否战斗、做好规划与制定策略、分析敌我、具备适应性和灵活性等。
1．答案　C
解析　根据上文“The famous military text has...leaders and even sports coaches.” 以及下文“Whenever there is a battle...guidelines for victory.”可知，上文提到如今《孙子兵法》非常有影响力，C项提问其原因，并引出下文的解释，故选C项。
2．答案　D
解析　根据上文“One of the first lessons that we learn from The Art of War is...wise to avoid any argument at all.”可知，懂得何时战斗、何时避免冲突很重要，D项对上文内容进行了进一步阐释，说明这样做的结果是能获胜，故选D项。
3．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Planning is the center of The Art of War.”以及下文“In fact，it is also important in...chances of success.”可知，空处应是强调计划的重要性，G项“在任何冲突前有清晰的策略能指导你应对冲突”符合语境，故选G项。
4．答案　A
解析　根据下文“Knowing yourself is...enemy，and you will remain unharmed in conflicts.”可知，这段内容主要围绕分析自己和敌人展开，与A项表达的意思一致，故选A项。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“You need to react quickly to your changing circumstances and adapt to them.In war and life，the key to success lies in adaptability and flexibility.”可知，这里是在强调能适应情况变化的重要性，与F项表达的含义一致，即进一步说明具备这种能力的人能获得胜利，故选F项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·广东广州高一上期中)
Tilly Smith was holidaying with her parents and seven-year-old sister on Maikhao beach in Phuket，Thailand，when the tide(潮水) rushed out.
As the other tourists watched in 1. (amaze)，the water began to rise and the boats started to violently move up and down.Tilly，who had studied tsunamis(海啸) in a geography class two weeks 2. (early)，quickly found the situation 3. (danger)．She told her mother they had to get off the beach immediately 4. warned that it could be a tsunami.
She explained she had just completed a school project on the huge waves and said they were seeing the warning 5. (sign) that a tsunami was minutes away.
Her parents warned the other holidaymakers and staff at their hotel，which were quickly evacuated.The wave crashed a few minutes later，but no one on the beach 6. (kill) or seriously injured.
In 7. interview with The Sun，Tilly owed it to her geography teacher，Andrew Kearney.She said，“Last term，it was Mr Kearney 8. taught us about earthquakes and how they can cause tsunamis.I was on the beach and the water started to go funny.There 9. (be) bubbles(气泡) and the tide went out all of a sudden.I recognized 10. was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami.I told mummy.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩Tilly在度假时根据在学校学到的知识发现了海啸前兆，劝父母和其他人离开了海滩，使人们免于灾难的故事。
1．答案　amazement
解析　考查名词。根据设空前介词in可知，此处填名词。动词amaze意为“使惊奇”，名词形式为amazement，不可数，in amazement“惊奇地”。故填amazement。
2．答案　earlier
解析　考查副词比较级。根据上文“had studied”可知，时间状语应指的是之前的两周，所以是当时和之前作比较，空白处要用比较级。故填earlier。
3．答案　dangerous
解析　考查形容词。此处是“find＋宾语＋宾补” 结构，意为“发现某物具有某种性质或处于某种状态”，所以空处应填形容词作宾语补足语，danger的形容词形式是dangerous。故填dangerous。
4．答案　and
解析　考查连词。结合句意，空前的“told her mother they had to get off the beach immediately”和空后的“warned that it could be a tsunami”之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
5．答案　signs
解析　考查名词复数。sign是可数名词，此处指各种警示，应用名词复数。故填signs。
6．答案　was killed
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的时态可知，空白处用一般过去时，no one和kill之间为被动关系，所以空白处用被动语态，主语为no one，be动词用was。故填was killed。
7．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。interview意为“采访”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，表示泛指，空前应用不定冠词，且interview发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
8．答案　who/that
解析　考查强调句型。此处是强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分”，强调Mr Kearney，指人，用who/that皆可。故填who/that。
9．答案　were
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。本句是and连接的并列句，be作前句谓语，根据went可知用一般过去时，主语bubbles为复数。故填were。
10．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指的是事，所以使用连接代词what引导。故填what。(共73张PPT)
Period 3
Let’s talk teens
Unit 2
Grammar and usage—Simple，compound and complex sentences
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读下列文章，然后完成后面的题目
(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.(2)So，we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(3)Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health.(4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.(5)It may not have been addressed before，but don’t worry. (6)You can visit the “teen health” forum on our website instead.(7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website.(8)Users are encouraged to post their problems，and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.
(9)Before you write your post，however，take a look at other users’ posts first.(10)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(11)If your problem is a new one，write a post about it.(12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation.(13)There is a lot to see，so take some time to look around our website!
返 回
简单句
并列句
复合句
(2)(3)(4)(6)
(5)(8)(13)
(1)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)
语法精讲
句子的类型
一、简单句(Simple sentence)
简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。句式结构如下：
1.SV：主语＋谓语
You|shouldn’t argue.
你们不应该争吵。
Most birds|can fly.大部分鸟儿都会飞。
2.SVO：主语＋谓语＋宾语
His calm response |dissolved|her anger.
他平静的回答化解了她的怒气。
The dove|is building|her nest.
那只鸽子正在筑巢。
3.SVP：主语＋连系动词＋表语
Losing weight|was|a terrible struggle.
减肥是一件很费劲的事。
The most important task|is|to study hard.
最重要的任务是努力学习。
4.SVOO：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
The expert |offered|me|much help.
这位专家给了我大量帮助。
It|gives|us|a great feeling of peace.
它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。
5.SVOC：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
They|painted|the door|green.
他们把门漆成绿色。
I|consider|English|a very important subject.
我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
6.SVA：主语＋谓语＋状语
The lake|came into view |soon.
那湖很快映入眼帘。
Chris and Tim|work|at a zoo.
克里斯和蒂姆在一家动物园工作。
7.SVOA：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
She|is doing|her homework|carefully.
她正认真地做家庭作业。
Jane and her sister|are playing|computer games|at home.
简和她的姐姐正在家中玩电脑游戏。
8.There be...
There|aren’t|many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
There|is|a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.
房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
二、并列句(Compound sentence)
并列句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。并列句的基本句式结构为“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。
常见的并列连词：
1.表示平行并列，常用的连词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。
He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.
他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。
2.表示转折，常用的连词有but，yet。
His son came back，but he was still anxious.
他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。
3.表示对比，常用的连词有while。
He likes sports，while I’d rather collect stamps.
他喜欢运动，而我更喜欢集邮。
4.表示因果，常用的连词有for，so。
It must have rained yesterday evening，for the ground is wet.
昨晚准是下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.
经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。
[注意]　so和because不能连用。
5.表示选择，常用的连词有or，either...or...等。
Either you face the situation or you leave the spot at once.
你要么面对现实要么马上离开现场。
[疑难点津]　注意“and”和“or”构成的特殊句式：
1.祈使句＋and＋陈述句(常用将来时)
Study hard，and you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
努力学习，你一定能在考试中取得好成绩。
2.祈使句＋or＋陈述句(常用将来时)
Be quick，or we’ll be late for class.
快点，否则我们上课就要迟到了。
三、主从复合句(Complex sentence)
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句主要包含名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句，它们在句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语。
1.名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)
When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)
飞机何时起飞尚未通知。
That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)
那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。
He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)
他说有些青少年不努力学习。
We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)
我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。
2.定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在句中作定语)
The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.
那个满腔怒火的人是迈克的父亲。
I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.
我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。
3.状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词或整个主句。在句中可作时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步状语等)
When I saw him，I found him under great stress.
我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。
I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time.
我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。
If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.
如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。
He was punished because he was late.
他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。
Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.
我们提早起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。
He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.
他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。
Please do as you are told.
请按照你被告知的去做。
Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.
虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。
[注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。
返 回
达标检测
1.This is where we met for the first time.
2.Hurry up，or else you’ll be late.
3.You’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain.
4.John and Bob are both my devoted friends.
5.Growing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
Ⅰ.选出下列句子分别属于哪一种句式
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
A.简单句　B.并列句　C.主从复合句
C
B
B
A
A
6.We had our work finished ahead of time so we can relax ourselves to our heart’s content.
7.After the students were all in the chemistry lab，the teacher brought out three bottles.
8.Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers.
_____
_____
_____
A.简单句　B.并列句　C.主从复合句
B
C
B
1.青少年在许多事情上不能和父母看法一致。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)
____________________________________________________________________
2.明天提早起床，否则你会错过第一班公共汽车。(并列句)
____________________________________________________________________
3.麻烦是我把钥匙丢了。(表语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
4.我们都知道，月亮绕着地球转。(宾语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
5.不要横穿马路，因为非常危险。(原因状语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.单句写作
返 回
Teenagers cannot see eye to eye with their parents on many things.
Get up early tomorrow，or you will miss the first bus.
The trouble is that I lost my keys.
We all know that the moon travels round the earth.
Don’t cross the street，because it is very dangerous.
作业3
1.He was tired，___ he went to bed.
2.He has found out _____ she was late.
3.He made a promise，________ he didn’t keep it.
4.He didn’t come yesterday __________ he was ill.
5.We’ll go to the Great Wall ____ it’s fine tomorrow.
6.I still remember the day _______ I first went to New York.
7.These flowers are so beautiful _____ many people come to enjoy them.
8.The child hid behind his mother’s skirt，_____________ he was afraid of the dog.
Ⅰ.用合适的词填空
so
why
but/yet
because/as
if
when
that
for/because
1.Mary was ill.She was absent from school.
_______________________________________________________________
2.He graduated from college.He set up a company of his own.
_______________________________________________________________
3.I grew older.I became interested in designing clothes.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.Why did he make the decision I struggled to understand the reason.
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.将下列句子合成并列句或复合句
Mary was ill so she was absent from school.
After he graduated from college，he set up a company of his own.
I grew older and I became interested in designing clothes./As I grew older，I became interested in designing clothes.
I struggled to understand the reason why he made the decision.
5.You don’t hurry up.We will miss the train.
_______________________________________________________________
6.You take action immediately.You are likely to succeed.
_______________________________________________________________
7.I am on a diet.I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
_______________________________________________________________
8.It turned out to be a lovely day.We decided to go out for a walk.
_______________________________________________________________
If you don’t hurry up，we will miss the train.
If you take action immediately，you are likely to succeed.
I am on a diet but I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
It turned out to be a lovely day so we decided to go out for a walk.
A
(2025·广东深圳高一上期中)
Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement(互动式参与) activities like reading，playing，telling stories，drawing and singing.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利兹大学的研究发现：如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds，the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England.According to the research，dads who regularly drew，played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five.Dads being involved at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments.
Dr Helen Norman，who led the research，said，“Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare，but if fathers actively engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in sharing childcare with the mother，from an early stage in the child’s life，is critical.”
Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child’s gender，ethnicity，age in the school year and household income，according to the research.There were different effects when moms and dads took part in the same activities—the data showed that moms had more of an impact on young children’s emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement.
The researchers recommend that dads spare as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week.For busy，working dads，even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational benefits.They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents’ contact details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement.
Dr Jeremy Davies，who co-authored the report，said，“Our analysis has shown that fathers have an important，direct impact on their children’s learning.We should be recognizing this and actively finding ways to support dads in playing their part，rather than engaging only with mothers，or taking a gender-neutral approach.”
1.How did the researchers conduct the study
A.By assessing parent-child relationships.
B.By observing educational parent-child activities.
C.By classifying children’s individual interests.
D.By examining children’s academic performance.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段“Analyzing primary school test scores...at school by age five...”可知，研究人员是通过分析孩子们的学习成绩来进行研究的，故选D。
解析
2.What does Helen Norman try to tell us in paragraph 3
A.Shared childcare is highly beneficial.
B.Education starts from the family.
C.Children need a sense of belonging.
D.Father excels in educating children.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role...if fathers actively engage in childcare too，it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school.”可推知，海伦·诺曼博士想要告诉我们的是父母共同照顾孩子是非常有益的，故选A。
解析
3.Which of the following do the researchers recommend
A.Fathers reduce working hours.
B.Schools involve fathers in children’s learning.
C.Mothers keep track of children’s studies.
D.Educators find ways to support mothers.
细节理解题。根据第五段中“They also recommend that schools...to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement.”可知，研究人员建议学校努力让父亲参与孩子的学习，故选B。
解析
√
4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.The Shift in Parents’ Roles in Childcare
B.The Impact of Fathers on Children’s Education
C.Mom vs Dad：Who Influences Kids More
D.Interactive Activities：How Do They Affect Kids’ Grades
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Research led by the... engagement(互动式参与) activities like reading，playing，telling stories，drawing and singing.”可知，文章主要讲述利兹大学的研究发现如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好，这是父亲对孩子教育的影响，B选项“父亲对孩子教育的影响”适合作标题，故选B。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·浙江台州高一上期中)
Conflict(冲突) between parents and children is normal.It is part of family life.But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships.It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution.You can do this through compromise(让步) or by agreeing to disagree.No matter what else you do，communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them.This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何解决父母和孩子之间的冲突。
In some cases，you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child.Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour.So，if you want your child to behave in a certain way，one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model.
But children should be responsible for their own actions—and the results.All parents want to protect their children.But in some cases，unless the child is in physical danger，it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do.
Collaborate(合作) to develop specific rules and write them down.These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics，and when homework must be completed.Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences，but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate.
Have clear results for misconduct.Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly.Additionally，create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them.These could include helping feed the family pet，taking a shower，or finishing homework.
5.What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children
A.Developing rules.
B.Reaching an understanding.
C.Changing behaviour.
D.Advising children to give in.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution.You can do this through...make dealing with conflict easier and more effective.”可知，解决父母和孩子冲突的关键是互相沟通和达成一致，故选B。
解析
6.Why do parents need to change their behaviour first in the conflict
A.To set a good example for children.
B.To find a reason to punish children.
C.To be responsible for their actions.
D.To compromise with their children.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“So，if you want your child to behave in a certain way，one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model.”可知，在冲突中父母首先需要改变自己的行为，这是为了给孩子树立榜样，故选A。
解析
√
7.What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen
A.Share the solutions with him.
B.Let him deal with it himself.
C.Deal with the situation for him.
D.Teach him how to solve it.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But in some cases，unless the child is in physical danger，it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do.”可知，如果孩子造成不好的事情发生，父母应让孩子自己去处理，故选B。
解析
√
8.What does the underlined word “misconduct” in paragraph 5 mean
A.Direct words. B.Strict rules.
C.Good performances. D.Improper behaviour.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和画线词后一句“Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly.”可知，本段是讲应明确告知孩子不当行为的后果，由此推知，misconduct意为“不当行为”，D选项符合题意。故选D。
解析
1.effective(派)＝effect＋tive adj.有效的
2.misconduct(派)＝mis＋conduct n.不当行为
3.disobey(派)＝dis＋obey v.违背
4.additionally(派)＝additional＋ly adv.此外，另外
词汇积累
Thus，if your child disobeys the rules，make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly.
分析：此句为复合句。if 引导条件状语从句；主句中it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。
翻译：因此，如果您的孩子不遵守规则，要明确告诉他，由于他不能负责任地玩玩具，使用玩具的权利将会被取消。
句式分析
(2025·重庆高一上期中)
What Can We Learn from The Art of War
The Art of War is one of the world’s most famous and influential military texts，written by the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu.The famous military text has now turned into general rules for conflict(矛盾).It is recommended by all the famous business leaders and even sports coaches.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了从《孙子兵法》中可以学到的一些经验教训，包括谨慎选择是否战斗、做好规划与制定策略、分析敌我、具备适应性和灵活性等。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 Whenever there is a battle within ourselves，or a conflict in an organization，The Art of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory.Want to know more about the lessons it provides Take a look!
A.Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B.Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C.Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D.People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E.The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F.Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G.Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
√
根据上文“The famous military text has...leaders and even sports coaches.” 以及下文“Whenever there is a battle...guidelines for victory.”可知，上文提到如今《孙子兵法》非常有影响力，C项提问其原因，并引出下文的解释，故选C项。
解析
Choose your battles carefully.
One of the first lessons that we learn from The Art of War is to choose our battles.It is better to understand when you should engage in a war and when it will be wise to avoid any argument at all. 2
A.Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B.Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C.Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D.People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E.The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F.Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G.Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
√
根据上文“One of the first lessons that we learn from The Art of War is...wise to avoid any argument at all.”可知，懂得何时战斗、何时避免冲突很重要，D项对上文内容进行了进一步阐释，说明这样做的结果是能获胜，故选D项。
解析
Plan and strategize.
Planning is the center of The Art of War. 3 In fact，it is also important in everyday life to have clear smart goals to increase your chances of success.
A.Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B.Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C.Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D.People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E.The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F.Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G.Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
√
根据上文“Planning is the center of The Art of War.”以及下文“In fact，it is also important in...chances of success.”可知，空处应是强调计划的重要性，G项“在任何冲突前有清晰的策略能指导你应对冲突”符合语境，故选G项。
解析
In war，the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak.So whether you are going to start a business，or face a difficulty，it is always a better idea to approach these everyday problems with a strategy.
　4　
Knowing yourself is important but it is also equally important to know your enemy.
A.Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B.Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C.Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D.People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E.The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F.Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G.Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
√
根据下文“Knowing yourself is...enemy，and you will remain unharmed in conflicts.”可知，这段内容主要围绕分析自己和敌人展开，与A项表达的意思一致，故选A项。
解析
Taking your enemy lightly can be the biggest mistake you make.Understand your strengths but also recognize your weaknesses.This can help you develop strategies to protect the weakest parts of yourself.Know yourself and know your enemy，and you will remain unharmed in conflicts.
Be adaptable and flexible.
You can use psychological war，yet you need to be flexible yourself.You need to react quickly to your changing circumstances and adapt to them.In war and life，the key to success lies in adaptability and flexibility.
5 Seize opportunities，and remain responsive to the dynamic changes of their environment.
A.Analyze your enemy and yourself.
B.Know strengths and weaknesses of war.
C.Why is The Art of War so influential and helpful
D.People will win when they know when to fight and when not to.
E.The best way is to suggest ahead and learn how to become adaptable.
F.Victory belongs to those who can adjust to changing circumstances.
G.Having a clear strategy before any conflict can guide you through it.
√
根据上文“You need to react quickly to your changing circumstances and adapt to them.In war and life，the key to success lies in adaptability and flexibility.”可知，这里是在强调能适应情况变化的重要性，与F项表达的含义一致，即进一步说明具备这种能力的人能获得胜利，故选F项。
解析
(2025·广东广州高一上期中)
Tilly Smith was holidaying with her parents and seven-year-old sister on Maikhao beach in Phuket，Thailand，when the tide(潮水) rushed out.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩Tilly在度假时根据在学校学到的知识发现了海啸前兆，劝父母和其他人离开了海滩，使人们免于灾难的故事。
Ⅴ.语法填空
As the other tourists watched in 1. (amaze)，the water began to rise and the boats started to violently move up and down.
考查名词。根据设空前介词in可知，此处填名词。动词amaze意为“使惊奇”，名词形式为amazement，不可数，in amazement“惊奇地”。故填amazement。
解析
amazement
Tilly，who had studied tsunamis(海啸) in a geography class two weeks
2. (early)，quickly found the situation 3. (danger).
2.考查副词比较级。根据上文“had studied”可知，时间状语应指的是之前的两周，所以是当时和之前作比较，空白处要用比较级。故填earlier。
3.考查形容词。此处是“find＋宾语＋宾补” 结构，意为“发现某物具有某种性质或处于某种状态”，所以空处应填形容词作宾语补足语，danger的形容词形式是dangerous。故填dangerous。
解析
earlier
dangerous
She told her mother they had to get off the beach immediately 4.________ warned that it could be a tsunami.
考查连词。结合句意，空前的“told her mother they had to get off the beach immediately”和空后的“warned that it could be a tsunami”之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
解析
and
She explained she had just completed a school project on the huge waves and said they were seeing the warning 5. (sign) that a tsunami was minutes away.
考查名词复数。sign是可数名词，此处指各种警示，应用名词复数。故填signs。
解析
signs
Her parents warned the other holidaymakers and staff at their hotel，which were quickly evacuated.The wave crashed a few minutes later，but no one on the beach 6. (kill) or seriously injured.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的时态可知，空白处用一般过去时，no one和kill之间为被动关系，所以空白处用被动语态，主语为no one，be动词用was。故填was killed。
解析
was killed
In 7._____ interview with The Sun，Tilly owed it to her geography teacher，Andrew Kearney.She said，“Last term，it was Mr Kearney 8._________ taught us about earthquakes and how they can cause tsunamis.I was on the beach and the water started to go funny.
7.考查冠词。interview意为“采访”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，表示泛指，空前应用不定冠词，且interview发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
8.考查强调句型。此处是强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分”，强调Mr Kearney，指人，用who/that皆可。故填who/that。
解析
an
who/that
There 9. (be) bubbles(气泡) and the tide went out all of a sudden.I recognized 10. was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami.I told mummy.”
9.考查时态和主谓一致。本句是and连接的并列句，be作前句谓语，根据went可知用一般过去时，主语bubbles为复数。故填were。
10.考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指的是事，所以使用连接代词what引导。故填what。
解析
were
what
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