资源简介

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成练习
Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.Many things in our lives ①have already been affected，right down to the food we eat.For instance,3D-printed hamburgers ②have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.But perhaps the most significant success that ③has been achieved to date is in medicine.Human body parts，including a beating heart，④have been made with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans that are benefiting—in Brazil，a new 3D-printed shell ⑤has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire.
以上黑体部分均是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done；黑体部分的动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，表示“……已经被……”。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。
运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个方面：
一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.他已被选中参加这次运动会。
To Tom’s disappointment，his novel has not been published.让汤姆失望的是，他的小说还没有被出版。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？
How many residents have been invited to the conference？有多少居民受到了参会的邀请？
[即时训练1]　句型转换
A new network has been set up in the neighbourhood.
①否定式：A new network hasn’t been set up in the neighborhood.
②一般疑问式：Has a new network been set up in the neighborhood
③对in the neighborhood提问：Where has a new network been set up
二、现在完成时的被动语态的3个用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up to/till now，since等连用。
The database has already been updated.
数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于由how long引出的句子中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已经被讨论了近两个小时了。(可能还会继续被讨论)
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
We’ll leave at three if our work has been finished by that time.我们将于3点离开，如果到那时我们的工作已经被完成。
[即时训练2]　用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.
→Many houses have been built(by them) in the village in the past few years.
②You can’t go home before you has settled the matter.
→You can’t go home before the matter has been settled (by you)．
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的6点注意
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The book was lent to an old man yesterday.
这本书昨天借给了一位老人。(说明动作发生于过去)
The book has been lent to an old man.
这本书已借给了一位老人。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在书已经被借出去了)
2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。
How long has this book been borrowed by you？(误)
How long has this book been kept by you？(正)
这本书你借了多长时间了？
3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说这个问题已经被调查过了。
4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→Many houses have been built by us in the past ten years.
在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。
5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him a lot of cash.
→He has been given a lot of cash.
→A lot of cash has been given to him.
我们给了他很多现金。
6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to take their identity cards.
→They have been told to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。
The boss has made us work hard in order to finish the project on time.
→We have been made to work hard by the boss in order to finish the project on time.
老板让我们努力工作，以便按时完成这个项目。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①Up to now，the forest fire has been put(put) out by the professional firefighters and local volunteers.
②I feel really sad because I have been caught(catch) up with by my classmates in all the subjects.
③Have you noticed that the boys have been laughed(laugh) at for their stupid mistake by the girls
④To our great joy，all the young trees that we planted last month have been taken(take) good care of.
根据以下信息完成下面的短文
1．在过去的几十年里，互联网得到了很大的改善。
2．迄今为止，很多新软件已经被开发出来并被应用于互联网。
3．很多新功能被添加到互联网中，这使人们的生活更方便。
4．很多搜索引擎已经被开发出来，人们可以从大数据库中查找最新的信息。
5．互联网极大地改变了人们的生活。
The Internet 1.has been greatly improved in the past decades.So far，a lot of new software 2.has been developed and applied to the Internet and many new functions 3.have been added to the Internet,4.which has made people’s lives more convenient.What’s more，many search engines 5.have been developed.As a result，people can look up the latest information from large databases.All in all，people’s lives 6.have been greatly changed by the Internet.
作业3　Discovering Useful Structures
[分值：74.5分]
Ⅰ.完成句子(用现在完成时的被动语态)(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．令我兴奋的是，我最近被允许自己做一个实验。
Much to my excitement，I have been allowed to conduct an experiment on my own recently.
2．何时何地去度假还没定下来。
When and where to go on holiday has not been decided yet.
3．这些年来，这个孩子一直由他奶奶照看。
The child has been taken care of by his grandma all these years.
4．人们的健康已经受到空气、噪声和水的极大影响。
People’s health has been greatly affected/influenced by air，noise and water.
5．自从新年起这场聚会已经被筹划了。
The party has been planned since the New Year.
Ⅱ.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!
Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again.
Li Ming：I know that your parents 1. have been working(work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake
Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 2.happened(happen)，many soldiers 3. have been sent(send) there，and many kinds of supplies 4. have been carried(carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people there 5.live/are living(live) a happy life again.
Li Ming：How about the schools there
Lin Tao：Several new schools 6.have been set(set) up and also some schools that 7.were damaged(damage) in the earthquake 8.have been rebuilt(rebuild)．So all the students can go back to school to study now.
Li Ming：That’s wonderful.I’m sure their life will be better and better.When will your parents come back
Lin Tao：They will be back next month.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东深圳高一上期末)
Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists，with their underwater sound—“click...click...click”—remaining largely unexplained.However，thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence(AI)，researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.
The program is called the Whale Translation Project(WTP)，whose meaning is to know what whales are saying.Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve.Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation efforts.For example，the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.
The WTP started when Gruber，a biologist at Harvard University，turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds.They thought of applying machine learning，used for improving human language translations，to whales.The sound of click，similar to a binary code(二进制)，is easy for AI to analyze.
Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second.Now，with the help of AI，Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context，like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food，and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily.He can also discover how whales interact，getting 99% right in predicting(预测) the next click.
This kind of work isn’t limited to whales.Suresh Neethirajan，a computer science and agriculture professor，studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors.He collects data，such as body temperature，paired with recorded sounds and videos，to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI，he can recognise sick animals quickly，improving their well-being.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音。
1．What is the purpose of mentioning the discovery in the 1960s
A．To show the success of protecting the environment.
B．To explain the difficulty of saving humpback whales.
C．To stress the value of studying animal communication.
D．To introduce the challenge of understanding whale language.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding the communication of whales...efforts.For example，the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.”可知，提到20世纪60年代的发现的目的是强调研究动物交流的价值。故选C。
2．How can AI help according to paragraph 4
A．It records whale sound quickly.
B．It processes sound data effectively.
C．It reads musical notes correctly.
D．It promotes whale interactions directly.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Now，with the help of AI，Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.”可推知，人工智能可以有效地处理声音数据。故选B。
3．What can we learn about AI according to the last paragraph
A．It cures diseases of animals.
B．It improves farmers’ well-being.
C．It aims to change animal behavior.
D．It helps to understand animals’ needs.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He collects data，such as body temperature，paired with recorded sounds and videos，to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI，he can recognise sick animals quickly，improving their well-being.”可知，关于人工智能我们可以了解到的是它有助于理解动物的需求。故选D。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Scientists develop machine learning.
B．Scientists discover a new whale sound.
C．AI creates a unique type of musical note.
D．AI unlocks the secrets of animal language.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“However，thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence(AI)，researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音，所以本文的主旨是人工智能揭开了动物语言的秘密。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
(2025·湖北荆州高一上期末)
Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied 3,000 middle and high school students.Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in，fly-out” parents might affect the health of their children.
A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours.This supports earlier research that found a high percentage of emotional problems in teenagers who often returned to an empty house after school.
Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time，but it helps to be home at certain times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted(盆栽的) plant.
Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation.One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV.They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk.Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she sits and does her homework.Perhaps，that，at least for some families，is the best way for a teenager and their parents to stay close.
In fact，many years of research suggests that children use their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world.Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room，even while going on with their own activities.Perhaps our teens，like babies，feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.
A new school year is at hand，so as parents we could offer our teenagers a “potted flower” as a gift，whose quiet and steady presence will give them a great day.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青少年的成长需要父母的陪伴，而长期缺乏陪伴的青少年在许多方面都会受到影响，作者呼吁家长们尽量做“盆栽植物型”父母，让孩子们健康快乐地成长。
5．Why did the researcher study the 3,000 students
A．To find out how many of them lived with only one parent.
B．To find out how the parents’ absence affected the children.
C．To find out what jobs their parents were interested in doing.
D．To find out whether they helped their parents do housework.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers wanted to know how the work of these ‘fly-in，fly-out’ parents might affect the health of their children.”可知，研究人员研究这3 000名学生是为了找出父母的缺席会对孩子产生什么影响。故选B。
6．What might be the result due to the long absence of parents
A．Helping the children to be more independent.
B．Encouraging the children to enjoy quietness.
C．Causing emotional problems to their children.
D．Inspiring the children to stay closer to them.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours.”可知，父母长期缺席可能导致孩子出现情感问题。故选C。
7．What kind of parents can be called “potted plant” parents
A．Those who stay with their children and teach them gardening.
B．Those who stay away from their children and give them freedom.
C．Those who stay close to their children and keep talking with them.
D．Those who stay with their children and keep silent most of the time.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time，but it helps to be home at certain times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted(盆栽的) plant.” 以及第四段中“Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation.”可推知，“盆栽植物型”的父母是指那些陪伴在孩子身边，但大部分时间保持沉默，不一定要和孩子交谈的父母。故选D。
8．What is the kids’ attitude towards freedom given by their parents
A．Positive. B．Critical.
C．Upset. D．Disagreeable.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“Perhaps our teens，like babies，feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.”可知，孩子们不想远离给予他们自由的父母，说明他们对父母给予的自由持积极态度。故选A。
[词汇积累]
1．long-term(合)＝long＋term adj.长期的
2．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席
3．at hand即将到来
4．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
[句式分析]
1．Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.
分析：此句为复合句。句中among them were...是介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构；who引导定语从句，先行词为parent，who在从句中充当主语。
翻译：其中有618名青少年，父母一方因工作原因长时间不在家。
2．Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room，even while going on with their own activities.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，while going on with their own activities为状语从句的省略，省略了主语young children和be动词are。
翻译：研究告诉我们，年幼的孩子安静地跟着父母从一个房间走到另一个房间，即使他们自己在做自己的活动。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·陕西榆林高一上期末)
There are a number of steps you can take to get your smartphone and Internet use under control.While you can start many of these measures yourself，an addiction(成瘾) is hard to beat on your own.Here are some tips on helping you identify your problem areas.
Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities. 1 The more you understand your smartphone use，the easier it will be to change your habits and regain control of your time.
2 Is it when you’re lonely or bored？If you are struggling with stress，for example，your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse.In this case，find healthier ways of managing your feelings.
Understand the difference between interacting(互动) in person and online.Human beings are social creatures.Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm，safe，and understood. 3 Besides，online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick，or share a happy moment with you.
Build your coping(处理) skills in real life.Perhaps texting is your way of dealing with stress.Or maybe you have trouble relating to others and find it easier to communicate with people online. 4 Instead，building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life.
Improve your support network.Set aside some time each week for friends and family.If you are shy，there are ways to make lasting friends without depending on social media or the Internet.To find people with similar interests，try joining a sports team or book club，or volunteering for a good cause. 5
A．You should talk to them face to face.
B．Explain how you feel when using social media.
C．Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D．In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E．However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F．Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G．You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何摆脱对手机和网络的依赖。
1．答案　D
解析　上文“Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities.”建议记录使用手机的时间和次数，选项D“通过这种方式，你可以知道你花在手机上的时间”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能够知道花在手机上的时间，符合语境。故选D。
2．答案　C
解析　下文“Is it when you’re lonely or bored？If you are struggling with stress，for example，your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse.”说明孤独或无聊的时候可能会过度使用手机，孤独无聊是使用手机的原因，选项C “找出你想要手机的原因”能够概括下文，用作主题句。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　上文“Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm，safe，and understood.”说明面对面社交互动有优势，下文“Besides，online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick，or share a happy moment with you.”说明网上的朋友没有实际作用，选项F“网上互动交友不会对你的健康产生同样的影响”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
4．答案　E
解析　下文“Instead，building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life.”说明在现实生活中培养应对技能有优势，选项E“然而，网上聊天并不能提升你的应对能力”说明网上聊天不能提升应对能力，和下文相关而语义相反。故选E。
5．答案　G
解析　上文“To find people with similar interests，try joining a sports team or book club，or volunteering for a good cause.”给出找到兴趣相似的人所需要的具体建议，选项G“你就能与志同道合的人交往并建立友谊”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能与兴趣相似的人交往并建立友谊，符合语境。故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏南通高一上期末)
Traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges were added to its Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
The wooden arch bridges，found mostly in eastern China’s Fujian and Zhejiang provinces and 1. (date) from the Tang Dynasty，are built 2. a single metal nail or rivet(铆钉)．Instead，they only rely on wooden structures.A traditional Chinese-style wooden superstructure tops the bridge，featuring a grand roof 3. adds weight and strengthens the structure’s stability.
The traditional design and practices for building these bridges involve the use of wood and traditional architectural tools,4. (combine) the fine skills，the core technologies of “beam-weaving” and mortise and tenon joints(榫卯结构)，as well as 5. experienced woodworker’s understanding of different environments and the necessary structural mechanics.
Wooden arch bridges serve 6. the places for gatherings，entertainment，trade and other social activities.Locals often hold events like weddings，funerals and birthdays on these bridges.During the Dragon Boat Festival，the more times one crosses the bridge，locals believe，the 7. (good) their life will become.
People witness how much effort 8. (make) to protect and pass down the traditional skills of building Chinese wooden arch bridges over the past years.UNESCO’s 9._______________(recognize) will better preserve the bridges，along with the traditional techniques and knowledge used to build them and promote the development of relevant cultural and creative industries.With the AI technology，we can create featured products and immersive experiences that 10. (amaze) go beyond the bridges themselves.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国木拱桥的传统设计与建造技艺被联合国教科文组织列为非物质文化遗产。
1．答案　dating
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为are built，此处为非谓语动词，且The wooden arch bridges与date from“追溯到”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。
2．答案　without
解析　考查介词。结合后文“Instead，they only rely on wooden structures.”可知，木拱桥在建造过程中没有使用一颗金属钉或铆钉，所以此处应用介词without“没有”，符合题意。故填without。
3．答案　which/that
解析　考查定语从句。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a grand roof，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
4．答案　combining
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为involve，此处为非谓语动词，且The traditional design and practices for building these bridges与combine“结合”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填combining。
5．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。此处泛指“一位经验丰富的木工”，应用不定冠词，且experienced为元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
6．答案　as
解析　考查介词。serve as为固定短语，意为“充当，作为”，本空用介词as，符合题意。故填as。
7．答案　better
解析　考查形容词比较级。由“the more times one crosses the bridge”可知，此处应用“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……越……”，good的比较级为better。故填better。
8．答案　has been made
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。witness后为宾语从句，本空为从句的谓语，由over the past years可知，make“做”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，且从句主语effort与make为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been made。
9．答案　recognition
解析　考查名词。空处作主语，应用名词recognition，意为“认可”。故填recognition。
10．答案　amazingly
解析　考查副词。本空修饰动词短语go beyond，用副词amazingly“令人惊讶地”，作状语。故填amazingly。(共69张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 3
The Internet
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
达标检测
作业3
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成练习
Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.Many things in our lives ①have already been affected，right down to the food we eat.For instance,3D-printed hamburgers ②have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.But perhaps the most significant success that ③has been achieved to date is in medicine.Human body parts，including a beating heart，④have been made with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans that are benefiting—in Brazil，a new 3D-printed shell ⑤has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire.
以上加颜色部分均是 的被动语态，其构成是_____________
___________；黑体部分的动词与句子的主语之间是 关系，表示“___________________”。
返 回
现在完成时
have/has
been done
被动
……已经被……
语法精讲
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。
运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个方面：
一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被选中参加这次运动会。
To Tom’s disappointment，his novel has not been published.
让汤姆失望的是，他的小说还没有被出版。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？
How many residents have been invited to the conference？
有多少居民受到了参会的邀请？
[即时训练1]　句型转换
A new network has been set up in the neighbourhood.
①否定式：_____________________________________________________
②一般疑问式：________________________________________________
③对in the neighborhood提问：__________________________________
A new network hasn’t been set up in the neighborhood.
Has a new network been set up in the neighborhood
Where has a new network been set up
二、现在完成时的被动语态的3个用法
1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up to/till now，since等连用。
The database has already been updated.
数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于由how long引出的句子中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已经被讨论了近两个小时了。(可能还会继续被讨论)
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
We’ll leave at three if our work has been finished by that time.我们将于3点离开，如果到那时我们的工作已经被完成。
[即时训练2]　用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.
→____________________________________________________________
②You can’t go home before you has settled the matter.
→___________________________________________________________
Many houses have been built(by them) in the village in the past few years.
You can’t go home before the matter has been settled (by you).
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的6点注意
1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The book was lent to an old man yesterday.
这本书昨天借给了一位老人。(说明动作发生于过去)
The book has been lent to an old man.
这本书已借给了一位老人。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在书已经被借出去了)
2.非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。
How long has this book been borrowed by you？(误)
How long has this book been kept by you？(正)
这本书你借了多长时间了？
3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说这个问题已经被调查过了。
4.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→Many houses have been built by us in the past ten years.
在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。
5.带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him a lot of cash.
→He has been given a lot of cash.
→A lot of cash has been given to him.
我们给了他很多现金。
6.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to take their identity cards.
→They have been told to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。
The boss has made us work hard in order to finish the project on time.
→We have been made to work hard by the boss in order to finish the project on time.
老板让我们努力工作，以便按时完成这个项目。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①Up to now，the forest fire (put) out by the professional firefighters and local volunteers.
②I feel really sad because I (catch) up with by my classmates in all the subjects.
③Have you noticed that the boys (laugh) at for their stupid mistake by the girls
④To our great joy，all the young trees that we planted last month _______________(take) good care of.
has been put
have been caught
have been laughed
have been taken
返 回
达标检测
1.在过去的几十年里，互联网得到了很大的改善。
2.迄今为止，很多新软件已经被开发出来并被应用于互联网。
3.很多新功能被添加到互联网中，这使人们的生活更方便。
4.很多搜索引擎已经被开发出来，人们可以从大数据库中查找最新的信息。
5.互联网极大地改变了人们的生活。
根据以下信息完成下面的短文
The Internet 1. in the past decades.So far，a lot of new software 2. the Internet and many new functions 3. the Internet,
4.______________________________________________.What’s more，many search engines 5. .As a result，people can look up the latest information from large databases.All in all，people’s lives 6. by the Internet.
返 回
has been greatly improved
has been developed and applied to
have been added to
which has made people’s lives more convenient
have been developed
have been greatly changed
作业3
1.令我兴奋的是，我最近被允许自己做一个实验。
Much to my excitement，I _______________________________________
______________recently.
2.何时何地去度假还没定下来。
When and where to go on holiday .
3.这些年来，这个孩子一直由他奶奶照看。
by his grandma all these years.
Ⅰ.完成句子
have been allowed to conduct an experiment
on my own
has not been decided yet
The child has been taken care of
4.人们的健康已经受到空气、噪声和水的极大影响。
by air，noise and water.
5.自从新年起这场聚会已经被筹划了。
since the New Year.
The party has been planned
People’s health has been greatly affected/influenced
Ⅱ.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)
Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!
Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again.
Li Ming：I know that your parents 1. (work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake
Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 2. (happen)，many soldiers 3._________________(send) there，and many kinds of supplies
4. (carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people there 5. (live) a happy life again.
have been working
happened
have been sent
have been carried
live/are living
Li Ming：How about the schools there
Lin Tao：Several new schools 6. (set) up and also some schools that 7.______________(damage) in the earthquake 8. __________
(rebuild).So all the students can go back to school to study now.
Li Ming：That’s wonderful.I’m sure their life will be better and better.When will your parents come back
Lin Tao：They will be back next month.
were damaged
have been set
have been
rebuilt
A
(2025·广东深圳高一上期末)
Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists，with their underwater sound—“click...click...click”—remaining largely unexplained.However，thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence(AI)，researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
The program is called the Whale Translation Project(WTP)，whose meaning is to know what whales are saying.Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve.Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation efforts.For example，the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.
The WTP started when Gruber，a biologist at Harvard University，turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds.They thought of applying machine learning，used for improving human language translations，to whales.The sound of click，similar to a binary code(二进制)，is easy for AI to analyze.
Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second.Now，with the help of AI，Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context，like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food，and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily.He can also discover how whales interact，getting 99% right in predicting(预测) the next click.
This kind of work isn’t limited to whales.Suresh Neethirajan，a computer science and agriculture professor，studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors.He collects data，such as body temperature，paired with recorded sounds and videos，to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI，he can recognise sick animals quickly，improving their well-being.
1.What is the purpose of mentioning the discovery in the 1960s
A.To show the success of protecting the environment.
B.To explain the difficulty of saving humpback whales.
C.To stress the value of studying animal communication.
D.To introduce the challenge of understanding whale language.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding the communication of whales...efforts.For example，the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.”可知，提到20世纪60年代的发现的目的是强调研究动物交流的价值。故选C。
解析
2.How can AI help according to paragraph 4
A.It records whale sound quickly.
B.It processes sound data effectively.
C.It reads musical notes correctly.
D.It promotes whale interactions directly.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Now，with the help of AI，Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes.This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.”可推知，人工智能可以有效地处理声音数据。故选B。
解析
3.What can we learn about AI according to the last paragraph
A.It cures diseases of animals.
B.It improves farmers’ well-being.
C.It aims to change animal behavior.
D.It helps to understand animals’ needs.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He collects data，such as body temperature，paired with recorded sounds and videos，to understand whether animals are comfortable or not.With AI，he can recognise sick animals quickly，improving their well-being.”可知，关于人工智能我们可以了解到的是它有助于理解动物的需求。故选D。
解析
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Scientists develop machine learning.
B.Scientists discover a new whale sound.
C.AI creates a unique type of musical note.
D.AI unlocks the secrets of animal language.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“However，thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence(AI)，researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音，所以本文的主旨是人工智能揭开了动物语言的秘密。故选D。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2025·湖北荆州高一上期末)
Researchers from the University of Western Australia recently studied 3,000 middle and high school students.Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in，fly-out” parents might affect the health of their children.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青少年的成长需要父母的陪伴，而长期缺乏陪伴的青少年在许多方面都会受到影响，作者呼吁家长们尽量做“盆栽植物型”父母，让孩子们健康快乐地成长。
A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours.This supports earlier research that found a high percentage of emotional problems in teenagers who often returned to an empty house after school.
Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time，but it helps to be home at certain times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted(盆栽的) plant.
Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation.One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV.They enjoy each other’s company without the need to talk.Another friend usually accepts his daughter’s invitation to work or read nearby while she sits and does her homework.Perhaps，that，at least for some families，is the best way for a teenager and their parents to stay close.
In fact，many years of research suggests that children use their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world.Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room，even while going on with their own activities.Perhaps our teens，like babies，feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.
A new school year is at hand，so as parents we could offer our teenagers a “potted flower” as a gift，whose quiet and steady presence will give them a great day.
5.Why did the researcher study the 3,000 students
A.To find out how many of them lived with only one parent.
B.To find out how the parents’ absence affected the children.
C.To find out what jobs their parents were interested in doing.
D.To find out whether they helped their parents do housework.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers wanted to know how the work of these ‘fly-in，fly-out’ parents might affect the health of their children.”可知，研究人员研究这3 000名学生是为了找出父母的缺席会对孩子产生什么影响。故选B。
解析
6.What might be the result due to the long absence of parents
A.Helping the children to be more independent.
B.Encouraging the children to enjoy quietness.
C.Causing emotional problems to their children.
D.Inspiring the children to stay closer to them.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A higher percentage of teenagers who experienced the long-term absence of a parent had more emotional or behavioral problems than those whose parents worked more traditional hours.”可知，父母长期缺席可能导致孩子出现情感问题。故选C。
解析
7.What kind of parents can be called “potted plant” parents
A.Those who stay with their children and teach them gardening.
B.Those who stay away from their children and give them freedom.
C.Those who stay close to their children and keep talking with them.
D.Those who stay with their children and keep silent most of the time.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段“Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time，but it helps to be home at certain times.And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted(盆栽的) plant.” 以及第四段中“Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation.”可推知，“盆栽植物型”的父母是指那些陪伴在孩子身边，但大部分时间保持沉默，不一定要和孩子交谈的父母。故选D。
解析
8.What is the kids’ attitude towards freedom given by their parents
A.Positive. B.Critical.
C.Upset. D.Disagreeable.
√
观点态度题。根据第五段中“Perhaps our teens，like babies，feel most at ease when their parents are still around.They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.”可知，孩子们不想远离给予他们自由的父母，说明他们对父母给予的自由持积极态度。故选A。
解析
1.long-term(合)＝long＋term adj.长期的
2.absence n.不存在；缺乏；缺席
3.at hand即将到来
4.steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
词汇积累
句式分析
1.Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.
分析：此句为复合句。句中among them were...是介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构；who引导定语从句，先行词为parent，who在从句中充当主语。
翻译：其中有618名青少年，父母一方因工作原因长时间不在家。
2.Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room，even while going on with their own activities.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，while going on with their own activities为状语从句的省略，省略了主语young children和be动词are。
翻译：研究告诉我们，年幼的孩子安静地跟着父母从一个房间走到另一个房间，即使他们自己在做自己的活动。
(2025·陕西榆林高一上期末)
There are a number of steps you can take to get your smartphone and Internet use under control.While you can start many of these measures yourself，an addiction(成瘾) is hard to beat on your own.Here are some tips on helping you identify your problem areas.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何摆脱对手机和网络的依赖。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.You should talk to them face to face.
B.Explain how you feel when using social media.
C.Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D.In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E.However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F.Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G.You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
√
Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities. 1 The more you understand your smartphone use，the easier it will be to change your habits and regain control of your time.
上文“Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities.”建议记录使用手机的时间和次数，选项D“通过这种方式，你可以知道你花在手机上的时间”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能够知道花在手机上的时间，符合语境。故选D。
解析
2 Is it when you’re lonely or bored？If you are struggling with stress，for example，your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse.In this case，find healthier ways of managing your feelings.
A.You should talk to them face to face.
B.Explain how you feel when using social media.
C.Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D.In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E.However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F.Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G.You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
√
下文“Is it when you’re lonely or bored？If you are struggling with stress，for example，your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse.”说明孤独或无聊的时候可能会过度使用手机，孤独无聊是使用手机的原因，选项C “找出你想要手机的原因”能够概括下文，用作主题句。故选C。
解析
Understand the difference between interacting(互动) in person and online.Human beings are social creatures.Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm，safe，and understood. 3 Besides，online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick，or share a happy moment with you.
A.You should talk to them face to face.
B.Explain how you feel when using social media.
C.Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D.In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E.However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F.Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G.You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
√
上文“Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm，safe，and understood.”说明面对面社交互动有优势，下文“Besides，online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick，or share a happy moment with you.”说明网上的朋友没有实际作用，选项F“网上互动交友不会对你的健康产生同样的影响”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
解析
Build your coping(处理) skills in real life.Perhaps texting is your way of dealing with stress.Or maybe you have trouble relating to others and find it easier to communicate with people online. 4 Instead，building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life.
A.You should talk to them face to face.
B.Explain how you feel when using social media.
C.Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D.In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E.However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F.Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G.You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
√
下文“Instead，building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life.”说明在现实生活中培养应对技能有优势，选项E“然而，网上聊天并不能提升你的应对能力”说明网上聊天不能提升应对能力，和下文相关而语义相反。故选E。
解析
Improve your support network.Set aside some time each week for friends and family.If you are shy，there are ways to make lasting friends without depending on social media or the Internet.To find people with similar interests，try joining a sports team or book club，or volunteering for a good cause. 5
A.You should talk to them face to face.
B.Explain how you feel when using social media.
C.Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone.
D.In this way，you can know the time you spend on your phone.
E.However，online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills.
F.Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being.
G.You’ll be able to interact with others like you，and form friendships.
√
上文“To find people with similar interests，try joining a sports team or book club，or volunteering for a good cause.”给出找到兴趣相似的人所需要的具体建议，选项G“你就能与志同道合的人交往并建立友谊”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能与兴趣相似的人交往并建立友谊，符合语境。故选G。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2025·江苏南通高一上期末)
Traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges were added to its Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国木拱桥的传统设计与建造技艺被联合国教科文组织列为非物质文化遗产。
The wooden arch bridges，found mostly in eastern China’s Fujian and Zhejiang provinces and 1. (date) from the Tang Dynasty，are built 2. a single metal nail or rivet(铆钉).Instead，they only rely on wooden structures.
dating
without
1.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为are built，此处为非谓语动词，且The wooden arch bridges与date from“追溯到”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。
2.考查介词。结合后文“Instead，they only rely on wooden structures.”可知，木拱桥在建造过程中没有使用一颗金属钉或铆钉，所以此处应用介词without“没有”，符合题意。故填without。
解析
A traditional Chinese-style wooden superstructure tops the bridge，featuring a grand roof 3. adds weight and strengthens the structure’s stability.
which/that
考查定语从句。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a grand roof，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
解析
The traditional design and practices for building these bridges involve the use of wood and traditional architectural tools,4.___________
(combine) the fine skills，the core technologies of “beam-weaving” and mortise and tenon joints(榫卯结构)，as well as 5. experienced woodworker’s understanding of different environments and the necessary structural mechanics.
combining
an
4.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为involve，此处为非谓语动词，且The traditional design and practices for building these bridges与combine“结合”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填combining。
5.考查冠词。此处泛指“一位经验丰富的木工”，应用不定冠词，且experienced为元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
解析
Wooden arch bridges serve 6. the places for gatherings，entertainment，trade and other social activities.Locals often hold events like weddings，funerals and birthdays on these bridges.During the Dragon Boat Festival，the more times one crosses the bridge，locals believe，the 7. (good) their life will become.
as
better
6.考查介词。serve as为固定短语，意为“充当，作为”，本空用介词as，符合题意。故填as。
7.考查形容词比较级。由“the more times one crosses the bridge”可知，此处应用“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，表示“越……越……”，good的比较级为better。故填better。
解析
People witness how much effort 8. (make) to protect and pass down the traditional skills of building Chinese wooden arch bridges over the past years.UNESCO’s 9._____________(recognize) will better preserve the bridges，along with the traditional techniques and knowledge used to build them and promote the development of relevant cultural and creative industries.With the AI technology，we can create featured products and immersive experiences that 10. (amaze) go beyond the bridges themselves.
has been made
recognition
amazingly
8.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。witness后为宾语从句，本空为从句的谓语，由over the past years可知，make“做”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，且从句主语effort与make为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been made。
9.考查名词。空处作主语，应用名词recognition，意为“认可”。故填recognition。
10.考查副词。本空修饰动词短语go beyond，用副词amazingly“令人惊讶地”，作状语。故填amazingly。
解析
返 回
本课结束

展开更多......

收起↑