资源简介

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成练习
The Amber(琥珀) Room was given this name because of several tons of amber ①used to make it.The ②selected amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The government had the room ③designed in a unique style popular in those days.It was also a treasure ④decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱ got the Amber Room ⑤moved to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，⑥considered one of the wonders of the world，is now missing.
1.①②④⑥在句中作定语，其中②为前置定语，①④⑥为后置定语。
2．③⑤在句中作宾语补足语。
3．过去分词作定语时与它所修饰的词构成被动关系，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的过去分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。
过去分词作定语
一、过去分词作定语时的位置
一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人们现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。
To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
＝To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2012.
回到水污染的问题上，我想让你看一下2012年在澳大利亚开展的一项研究。
温馨提示
(1)有些过去分词可以表示特定含义，单独作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There were a couple of seats left at the back.
后面还剩几个座位。
(2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词，单个的过去分词作定语时要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语时，前置和后置的意义不同。
The authorities concerned are to blame.
有关当局应受到指责。
She looked at me with a concerned look.
她带着关切的表情望着我。
二、过去分词作定语时的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。
He is a teacher respected by all the students.
他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动)
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.会上提出的这项计划将很快被执行。(表示完成和被动)
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早晨，升起的太阳正闪闪发光。
When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，发现地面被落叶覆盖了。
3．与动词-ing形式作定语的区别
动词-ing形式作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语表被动或完成。
Do you know the boy standing over there (standing表示主动和进行)
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.(built表示被动和完成)
2013年建造的这座桥是由当地一家公司设计的。
4．与动词-ing形式的被动式(being done)和动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语的区别
The meeting held yesterday is very important.(held表示已经完成的被动动作)
昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.(being held表示正在进行的被动动作)
这个队的所有队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.(to be held表示将要发生的被动动作)据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①The trees blown(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
②The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing(stand) in one corner.
③Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of great scientists.
④There will be a conference in half an hour and the problem to be discussed(discuss) at it is of great importance.
⑤The problem being discussed(discuss) now is difficult to deal with.
过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
1．在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving his breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆地去了办公室。
2．在使役动词have、get和make的后面。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane took off.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔(让安检员)对她的行李进行了检查。
While they were on holiday，they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．在感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后面。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning，people found the world outside their houses completely changed.第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4．在表示“意愿，命令”的动词like，want，wish，expect，order等后面。
The manager orders the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备放待煮的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，正好他的工作也做完了，于是他欣然接受了邀请。
6．过去分词/动词-ing形式/动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以hear为例：
hear＋宾语＋
I heard her sing just now.(已经完成的主动动作)刚才我听到她唱歌了。
I heard her singing when I met her by chance yesterday.(正在进行的主动动作)
昨天偶然遇见她时，我听到她正在唱歌。
To study English well，we ought to find chances to hear English spoken as much as possible.(无时间性的被动)为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较
①make＋宾语＋
She made her workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)她让她的工人们每天工作12个小时。
She tried to make herself understood.(被动)
她尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
③get＋宾语＋
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
④keep＋宾语＋
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with＋
With everything prepared well，they sighed in relief.一切准备就绪后，他们松了一口气。
With a mass of tough problems to settle，the boss is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位老板的日子不好过。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Before driving into the company，all the people are required to get their cars washed(wash)．
②The boy made himself heard(hear) by shouting out all the answers.
③She fell asleep with the light burning(burn)．
④With the problem settled(settle)，they have improved the quality of the products.
⑤With much work to do(do)，I can’t keep you company to the bookstore.
用过去分词作定语或宾语补足语补全句子
1．当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。
When he woke up，he found himself surrounded by a group of children.
2．如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。
If you want to make yourself respected，you are above all to respect yourself.
3．解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。
The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers.
4．期待这些从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣誉。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5．由于卸下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With a great load taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
6．目前被谈论的那个人精通外国文学。
The person being talked about at present has a good knowledge of foreign literature.
作业3　Discovering Useful Structures
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The performers chosen(choose) from the whole country will bring us a feast for the eyes.
2．To tell the truth，you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English.
3．No matter how busy she is，Lily manages to get her work finished(finish) on time.
4．I will attend a meeting to be held(hold) at nine a．m. tomorrow.
5．When she returned home，she found the window open and something stolen(steal)．
6．My brother rushed out of home with the door unlocked(unlock) when his friend called him.
7．With lots of work to do(do) today，I can’t spare any time to go to the cinema.
8．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) online can be lower than store prices.
9．I heard the song sung(sing) several times last week.
10．Excuse me，but it is time to have your temperature taken(take)．
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Li Hong once hated cycling and the bicycle 1.lying(lie) in the corner of the garage was never ridden.Later his father invited a 2.retired(retire) bike instructor to give him some instructions.In order to get into shape，he and his coach had an agreement 3.reached(reach)．He must finish the task in the 4.given(give) time.With his coach’s words 5.kept(keep) in mind，he often covered a long distance.The method 6.used(use) by his coach was very scientific and with time 7.passing(pass)，he made rapid progress.He decided to take part in a cycle race 8.hosted(host) in the city centre，so he practised even harder.On the race day all the cyclists longed to win medals.During the match，he saw the audience beside the road 9.waving(wave) at him all the way and he was proud of himself.Finally，Li Hong won a gold medal，with tears of happiness 10.streaming(stream) down his face.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东烟台高一上期末)
As food waste breaks up in outdoor landfills，it often gives off carbon dioxide(CO2)．This powerful gas speeds up the rise of temperature and climate change on earth.Experts figure that nearly a third of the world’s food，about 1.3 billion tons，is wasted annually.This waste generates a surprising 3.3 billion tons of greenhouse gases each year.
Most countries struggle with food waste management.However，South Korea stands out with its creative composting(堆肥) system called Jongyangje，which requires citizens to separate their food waste.Where available，they can deal with it in specialized electronic bins(垃圾箱) that direct citizens to pay for the waste based on the weight.
Those without electronic waste bins nearby must buy special compost bags.They range in price from 10 cents to $2，depending on their size.These bags can then be thrown into specially marked bins.Citizens who mix food waste with regular rubbish risk fines of up to $800.
The collected food waste is taken to composting facilities.Some of it is changed into biogas，a type of renewable energy used to power homes.The rest is turned into chicken and cattle feed.
Despite citizen contributions，Jongyangje is in need of an annual running cost of over $600 million.Additionally，not all food waste is recyclable(可回收利用的)．Bones from animals like chickens can harm the recycling equipment.Moreover，some farmers are unwilling to use composted waste as fertilizer due to its high sodium content，which limits its usability.
However，the 20-year-old system has brought eye-catching results.The country recycles an impressive 98 percent of its 5.5 million tons of annual food waste.This far surpasses the US，which composts only 5 percent of its 60 million tons of annual food waste.This outstanding performance proves the effectiveness of government-citizen cooperation in managing food waste.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了韩国用一个名为“Jongyangje”的创造性堆肥系统处理食物垃圾，介绍了这一系统的工作原理以及取得的良好效果。
1．What can food waste result in when breaking up
A．Rising food prices. B．Energy shortage.
C．Worldwide starvation. D．Global warming.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“As food waste breaks up in outdoor landfills，it often gives off carbon dioxide(CO2)．This powerful gas speeds up the rise of temperature and climate change on earth.”可知，食物垃圾分解时会产生二氧化碳，而二氧化碳会加速气温上升和全球变暖。故选D。
2．What’s the function of the electronic bins
A．To store special compost bags.
B．To separate the renewable waste.
C．To transport food waste conveniently.
D．To weigh the waste and collect payment.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Where available，they can deal with it in specialized electronic bins(垃圾箱) that direct citizens to pay for the waste based on the weight.”可知，电子垃圾箱的功能是对废物进行称重并收取费用。故选D。
3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Jongyangje
A．Challenges faced by the system.
B．Tricky waste sorting process.
C．Technical problems during the running.
D．Resistance from the citizens.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段“...Jongyangje is in need of an annual running cost of over $600 million.Additionally，not all food waste is recyclable(可回收利用的)．..Moreover，some farmers are unwilling to use composted waste as fertilizer due to its high sodium content，which limits its usability.”可知，本段主要告诉了我们这个系统面临的挑战。故选A。
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Importance of Composting in Environmental Protection
B．Food Waste Is Increasingly Affecting People’s Daily Life
C．South Korea Is Leading the Way in Food Waste Recycling
D．Government-citizen Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段中“However，South Korea stands out with its creative composting(堆肥) system called Jongyangje，which requires citizens to separate their food waste.”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了韩国用一个名为“Jongyangje”的创造性堆肥系统处理食物垃圾，介绍了这一系统的工作原理以及取得的良好效果。因此，C选项“韩国在食物垃圾回收方面处于领先地位”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
B(此篇精读)
(2024·河北邯郸高一下期中)
There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad.But some early-career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces.However，supervisors(导师) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly.
It is important to be sensitive to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings.Nanda Dimitrov，director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London，says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States.She points out that the relationship between junior researchers and supervisors is influenced by many factors including personality，former experiences and the department’s culture.
Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology.He was used to following teachers’ suggestions.But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue，to fight for yourself.With his supervisor’s encouragement，he started pushing back.After his first year，his supervisor said，“Wow，finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently(独立地)．His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck.
“People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’，but in their culture，they’re not，” says Amratia，who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville.“Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best.When you come from a different country，you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way.I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab，” Amratia said.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着出国学习和工作的机会增多，处于职业生涯早期的科研人员可能会面临适应不同沟通方式和不同工作场所的挑战。导师和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险。
5．How do people going abroad avoid misunderstandings according to paragraph 1
A．By facing challenges bravely.
B．By introducing their own ideas.
C．By creating more communication chances.
D．By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，supervisors(导师) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly.”可知，出国在外的人可通过学习不同的文化和表达对工作的期望避免误解。故选D。
6．What does Nanda’s experience tell us
A．Don’t be too sensitive to different cultures.
B．People should experience different cultures.
C．British are more direct than Americans.
D．The relation among junior researchers is simple.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nanda Dimitrov...says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States.”可知，Nanda的经历告诉我们英国人比美国人更直接。故选C。
7．Which of the following is the German preference
A．Trying to support one’s own opinions.
B．Accepting advice from elders.
C．Pushing back supervisor’s encouragement.
D．Turning to others for help often.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue，to fight for yourself.”可知，德国人更喜欢尽力支持自己的观点。故选A。
8．What does Amratia suggest doing
A．Working independently and hard.
B．Respecting others’ different cultures.
C．Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself.
D．Talking with people with the same culture.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘...When you come from a different country，you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way...’ Amratia said.”可知，Amratia建议尊重他人的不同文化。故选B。
[词汇积累]
1．expectation(派)＝expect＋ation n．期待；预期
2．be sensitive to...对……敏感
3．directness(派)＝direct＋ness n．直率；直接
4．become stuck被困住；陷入困境
5．brush off不理会，打发
[句式分析]
She points out that the relationship between junior researchers and supervisors is influenced by many factors including personality，former experiences and the department’s culture.
分析：本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无意义；including...为介词短语作后置定语。
翻译：她指出，初级研究员与导师的关系受到许多因素的影响，包括个性、以前的经历和院系文化。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·山西高一下期中)
If you are visiting Austria，then you must certainly not miss out on some of the unique things to do in Austria. 1
Climbing the mountain of Grossglockner.
This is one of the high-altitude peaks(山峰) in Austria that have some unique features. 2 It is very nice for the hiking lovers and also many of the new tourists can travel here.There is very lesser difficulty in traveling the Grossglockner peak and any of the non-professional climbers can also hike here.As you move more upward on this mountain，you’ll get the view of the amazing region from the top.
3
Vienna is one of the very historic places here which is visited by a large number of visitors every year.There are a lot of music venues，museums，fantastic events，and places with amazing architecture.The cafes and restaurants can simply make you feel very nice here.The food here can simply give you some of the fantastic tastes of the local food which you can enjoy.The markets here are full of some beautiful souvenirs. 4
Enjoying the cultural events of Salzburg.
Salzburg is a place of a variety of cultural events that are filled with many of the historic glories.These events are visited by the local as well as foreign tourists.In Salzburg，you can even find many of the places which are filled with historic architecture. 5 This place is also well-known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s birthplace.The historic monuments(纪念馆) and the places of film shooting are awesome here and exploring these places is one of the things to do in Salzburg Austria.
A．Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B．Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C．The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D．Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E．Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F．Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna Austria.
G．This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在奥地利旅行时一定不能错过的一些独特的活动。
1．答案　D
解析　根据空前的“If you are visiting Austria，then you must certainly not miss out on some of the unique things to do in Austria.”并结合下文中的小标题介绍的是在奥地利的活动可知，此空应承上启下，D选项符合语境。故选D。
2．答案　G
解析　根据空前的“This is one of the high-altitude peaks(山峰) in Austria that have some unique features.”可知，此处介绍的是一座位于奥地利的高海拔的山峰，结合空后的“It is very nice for the hiking lovers and also many of the new tourists can travel here.”可知，这座山峰适合喜欢远足的游客，由此可知，此空讲述的内容应与该山峰相关，G选项承接空前的内容，且空后的It指代选项中的“This peak”。故选G。
3．答案　A
解析　分析语篇可知，此空应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“Vienna is one of the very historic places here which is visited by a large number of visitors every year.There are a lot of music venues，museums，fantastic events，and places with amazing architecture.”可知，本段讲述的内容与介绍维也纳相关，A选项符合，且其中的“heritage”与空后的“one of the very historic places”内容相关。故选A。
4．答案　F
解析　根据空前的“The markets here are full of some beautiful souvenirs.”可知，此处讲述的是在维也纳的一些市场到处都是漂亮的纪念品，此空位于段尾，应是承接空前的内容，F选项符合语境，选项中的“those”指的是空前所提到的“beautiful souvenirs”，且“purchasing”对应空前的“markets”。故选F。
5．答案　C
解析　根据空前的“In Salzburg，you can even find many of the places which are filled with historic architecture.”可知，萨尔茨堡充满了很多的历史建筑，结合空后的“This place is also well-known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s birthplace.”可知，这是沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪斯·莫扎特的出生地，由此可推断，此空讲述的内容应与一些著名的人或物相关，C选项提到了著名电影《音乐之声》的拍摄地就是在萨尔茨堡，符合语境。故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·河北高一下期中)
Guangzhou，a city located in the southern part of China，is famous for 1. (it) historical and cultural heritage as well as its unique food culture around the world.Among them，the most representative dish is the “dim sum” in Cantonese morning tea.
Dim sum，literally(字面上) translated as “touching heart”，is a term 2. (use) by Cantonese people to refer to traditional Chinese desserts and snacks.It originated in the Qing Dynasty and was originally served 3. breakfast for the nobility(贵族)．However，over time，dim sum 4. (become) a part of Guangzhou people’s daily life.Whether it’s morning or afternoon，you can see people enjoying this delicacy in tea houses.
The 5. (popular) of dim sum lies in its delicious taste.6. variety of dim sum is wide，including steamed rice rolls with chicken，rice noodle rolls，shrimp dumplings，siu mai，chicken feet，egg tarts and so on.Each type of dim sum has its unique production process and taste.For example，shrimp dumplings 7. (make) by mixing fresh shrimp and pork，and the outer skin is as thin as a cicada’s wing.Moreover，the inner filling is 8.______________(extreme) delicious.
In Guangzhou,9. (enjoy) dim sum is not just about tasting delicious food，but also a way of life and cultural experience.People will spend a lot of time in tea houses，sharing food，chatting，and enjoying life with friends and family.This lifestyle is called “drinking tea”，10._______________ is a necessary part of the lives of Guangzhou people.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广州特色食物点心的历史、种类、特点及文化内涵。
1．答案　its
解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作定语，使用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
2．答案　used
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语term之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填used。
3．答案　as
解析　考查介词。serve as为固定短语，含义为“作为……提供，用作”，符合句意，故填as。
4．答案　has become
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语over time可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，且主语dim sum不可数，助动词用has，故填has become。
5．答案　popularity
解析　考查名词。空处应填名词作主语，表示点心受到人们的欢迎在于它的美味，故填popularity。
6．答案　The
解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用定冠词the特指点心的种类，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
7．答案　are made
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作谓语，因make与主语shrimp dumplings之间为被动关系，且句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are，故填are made。
8．答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词delicious，使用副词，故填extremely。
9．答案　enjoying
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作主语，应使用动名词，故填enjoying。
10．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为drinking tea，在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。(共79张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
History and
traditions
Unit 4
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
达标检测
作业3
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成练习
The Amber(琥珀) Room was given this name because of several tons of amber ①used to make it.The ②selected amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The government had the room ③designed in a unique style popular in those days.It was also a treasure ④decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱ got the Amber Room ⑤moved to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，⑥considered one of the wonders of the world，is now missing.
1.①②④⑥在句中作 ，其中②为 定语，①④⑥为 定语。
2.③⑤在句中作 。
3.过去分词作定语时与它所修饰的词构成 关系，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的过去分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的________。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成 关系。
返 回
定语
前置
宾语补足语
后置
被动
前面
被动
语法精讲
过去分词作定语
一、过去分词作定语时的位置
一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人们现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。
To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
＝To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2012.
回到水污染的问题上，我想让你看一下2012年在澳大利亚开展的一项研究。
温馨提示
(1)有些过去分词可以表示特定含义，单独作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There were a couple of seats left at the back.
后面还剩几个座位。
(2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词，单个的过去分词作定语时要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语时，前置和后置的意义不同。
The authorities concerned are to blame.
有关当局应受到指责。
She looked at me with a concerned look.
她带着关切的表情望着我。
二、过去分词作定语时的意义
1.及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。
He is a teacher respected by all the students.
他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动)
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
会上提出的这项计划将很快被执行。(表示完成和被动)
2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早晨，升起的太阳正闪闪发光。
When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，发现地面被落叶覆盖了。
3.与动词-ing形式作定语的区别
动词-ing形式作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语表被动或完成。
Do you know the boy standing over there (standing表示主动和进行)
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.(built表示被动和完成)
2013年建造的这座桥是由当地一家公司设计的。
4.与动词-ing形式的被动式(being done)和动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语的区别
The meeting held yesterday is very important.(held表示已经完成的被动动作)
昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.(being held表示正在进行的被动动作)
这个队的所有队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.(to be held表示将要发生的被动动作)据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
②The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
③Tsinghua University， (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of great scientists.
④There will be a conference in half an hour and the problem _______________(discuss) at it is of great importance.
⑤The problem (discuss) now is difficult to deal with.
blown
standing
founded
to be discussed
being discussed
过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
1.在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving his breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆地去了办公室。
2.在使役动词have、get和make的后面。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane took off.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔(让安检员)对她的行李进行了检查。
While they were on holiday，they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3.在感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后面。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning，people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4.在表示“意愿，命令”的动词like，want，wish，expect，order等后面。
The manager orders the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备放待煮的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，正好他的工作也做完了，于是他欣然接受了邀请。
6.过去分词/动词-ing形式/动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以hear为例：
hear＋宾语＋
doing sth听到……正在做……(主动、进行)
do sth听到……做了……(主动、完成)
done听到……被做(被动、完成或无时间性)
I heard her sing just now.(已经完成的主动动作)刚才我听到她唱歌了。
I heard her singing when I met her by chance yesterday.(正在进行的主动动作)
昨天偶然遇见她时，我听到她正在唱歌。
To study English well，we ought to find chances to hear English spoken as much as possible.(无时间性的被动)为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较
①make＋宾语＋
do sth让……做某事(主动)
done让……被做(被动)
She made her workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)
她让她的工人们每天工作12个小时。
She tried to make herself understood.(被动)
她尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……持续做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
③get＋宾语＋
to do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……开始做某事(主动)
done使……被做(被动)
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
④keep＋宾语＋
doing sth使……一直做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
with＋
sb/sth doing(表示正在进行的主动动作)
sth done(表示已经完成的被动动作)
sth to do(表示将要发生的主动动作)
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
With everything prepared well，they sighed in relief.一切准备就绪后，他们松了一口气。
With a mass of tough problems to settle，the boss is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位老板的日子不好过。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Before driving into the company，all the people are required to get their cars (wash).
②The boy made himself (hear) by shouting out all the answers.
③She fell asleep with the light (burn).
④With the problem (settle)，they have improved the quality of the products.
⑤With much work (do)，I can’t keep you company to the bookstore.
washed
heard
burning
settled
返 回
to do
达标检测
1.当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。
When he woke up，he .
2.如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。
If you want to ，you are above all to respect yourself.
3.解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。
The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands________________
____________.
用过去分词作定语或宾语补足语补全句子
found himself surrounded by a group of children
make yourself respected
made by the
customers
4.期待这些从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣誉。
The players are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5.由于卸下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With ，she passed all the tests successfully.
6.目前被谈论的那个人精通外国文学。
The person has a good knowledge of foreign literature.
返 回
selected from the whole country
a great load taken off her mind
being talked about at present
作业3
1.The performers (choose) from the whole country will bring us a feast for the eyes.
2.To tell the truth，you must make every effort to improve your _______
(speak) English.
3.No matter how busy she is，Lily manages to get her work __________
(finish) on time.
4.I will attend a meeting (hold) at nine a.m. tomorrow.
5.When she returned home，she found the window open and something
(steal).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
chosen
spoken
finished
to be held
stolen
6.My brother rushed out of home with the door (unlock) when his friend called him.
7.With lots of work (do) today，I can’t spare any time to go to the cinema.
8.Prices of daily goods (buy) online can be lower than store prices.
9.I heard the song (sing) several times last week.
10.Excuse me，but it is time to have your temperature (take).
unlocked
to do
bought
sung
taken
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
Li Hong once hated cycling and the bicycle 1. (lie) in the corner of the garage was never ridden.Later his father invited a 2._______
(retire) bike instructor to give him some instructions.In order to get into shape，he and his coach had an agreement 3.___________(reach).He must finish the task in the 4. ___________(give) time.With his coach’s words 5. (keep) in mind，he often covered a long distance.The method 6. (use) by his coach was very scientific and with time
7. (pass)，he made rapid progress.
lying
retired
reached
given
kept
used
passing
He decided to take part in a cycle race 8. (host) in the city centre，so he practised even harder.On the race day all the cyclists longed to win medals.During the match，he saw the audience beside the road 9.__________(wave) at him all the way and he was proud of himself.Finally，Li Hong won a gold medal，with tears of happiness
10. (stream) down his face.
waving
hosted
streaming
A
(2025·山东烟台高一上期末)
As food waste breaks up in outdoor landfills，it often gives off carbon dioxide(CO2).This powerful gas speeds up the rise of temperature and climate change on earth.Experts figure that nearly a third of the world’s food，about 1.3 billion tons，is wasted annually.This waste generates a surprising 3.3 billion tons of greenhouse gases each year.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了韩国用一个名为“Jongyangje”的创造性堆肥系统处理食物垃圾，介绍了这一系统的工作原理以及取得的良好效果。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Most countries struggle with food waste management.However，South Korea stands out with its creative composting(堆肥) system called Jongyangje，which requires citizens to separate their food waste.Where available，they can deal with it in specialized electronic bins(垃圾箱) that direct citizens to pay for the waste based on the weight.
Those without electronic waste bins nearby must buy special compost bags.They range in price from 10 cents to $2，depending on their size.These bags can then be thrown into specially marked bins.Citizens who mix food waste with regular rubbish risk fines of up to $800.
The collected food waste is taken to composting facilities.Some of it is changed into biogas，a type of renewable energy used to power homes.The rest is turned into chicken and cattle feed.
Despite citizen contributions，Jongyangje is in need of an annual running cost of over $600 million.Additionally，not all food waste is recyclable(可回收利用的).Bones from animals like chickens can harm the recycling equipment.Moreover，some farmers are unwilling to use composted waste as fertilizer due to its high sodium content，which limits its usability.
However，the 20-year-old system has brought eye-catching results.The country recycles an impressive 98 percent of its 5.5 million tons of annual food waste.This far surpasses the US，which composts only 5 percent of its 60 million tons of annual food waste.This outstanding performance proves the effectiveness of government-citizen cooperation in managing food waste.
1.What can food waste result in when breaking up
A.Rising food prices. B.Energy shortage.
C.Worldwide starvation. D.Global warming.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段“As food waste breaks up in outdoor landfills，it often gives off carbon dioxide(CO2).This powerful gas speeds up the rise of temperature and climate change on earth.”可知，食物垃圾分解时会产生二氧化碳，而二氧化碳会加速气温上升和全球变暖。故选D。
解析
2.What’s the function of the electronic bins
A.To store special compost bags.
B.To separate the renewable waste.
C.To transport food waste conveniently.
D.To weigh the waste and collect payment.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Where available，they can deal with it in specialized electronic bins(垃圾箱) that direct citizens to pay for the waste based on the weight.”可知，电子垃圾箱的功能是对废物进行称重并收取费用。故选D。
解析
3.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Jongyangje
A.Challenges faced by the system.
B.Tricky waste sorting process.
C.Technical problems during the running.
D.Resistance from the citizens.
√
段落大意题。根据第五段“...Jongyangje is in need of an annual running cost of over $600 million.Additionally，not all food waste is recyclable(可回收利用的)...Moreover，some farmers are unwilling to use composted waste as fertilizer due to its high sodium content，which limits its usability.”可知，本段主要告诉了我们这个系统面临的挑战。故选A。
解析
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Importance of Composting in Environmental Protection
B.Food Waste Is Increasingly Affecting People’s Daily Life
C.South Korea Is Leading the Way in Food Waste Recycling
D.Government-citizen Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
√
标题归纳题。根据第二段中“However，South Korea stands out with its creative composting(堆肥) system called Jongyangje，which requires citizens to separate their food waste.”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了韩国用一个名为“Jongyangje”的创造性堆肥系统处理食物垃圾，介绍了这一系统的工作原理以及取得的良好效果。因此，C选项“韩国在食物垃圾回收方面处于领先地位”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2024·河北邯郸高一下期中)
There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad.But some early-career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces.However，supervisors(导师) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着出国学习和工作的机会增多，处于职业生涯早期的科研人员可能会面临适应不同沟通方式和不同工作场所的挑战。导师和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险。
It is important to be sensitive to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings.Nanda Dimitrov，director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London，says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States.She points out that the relationship between junior researchers and supervisors is influenced by many factors including personality，former experiences and the department’s culture.
Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology.He was used to following teachers’ suggestions.
But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue，to fight for yourself.With his supervisor’s encouragement，he started pushing back.After his first year，his supervisor said，“Wow，finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently(独立地).His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck.
“People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’，but in their culture，they’re not，” says Amratia，who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville.“Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best.
When you come from a different country，you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way.I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab，” Amratia said.
5.How do people going abroad avoid misunderstandings according to paragraph 1
A.By facing challenges bravely.
B.By introducing their own ideas.
C.By creating more communication chances.
D.By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，supervisors(导师) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly.”可知，出国在外的人可通过学习不同的文化和表达对工作的期望避免误解。故选D。
解析
6.What does Nanda’s experience tell us
A.Don’t be too sensitive to different cultures.
B.People should experience different cultures.
C.British are more direct than Americans.
D.The relation among junior researchers is simple.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nanda Dimitrov...says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States.”可知，Nanda的经历告诉我们英国人比美国人更直接。故选C。
解析
7.Which of the following is the German preference
A.Trying to support one’s own opinions.
B.Accepting advice from elders.
C.Pushing back supervisor’s encouragement.
D.Turning to others for help often.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue，to fight for yourself.”可知，德国人更喜欢尽力支持自己的观点。故选A。
解析
8.What does Amratia suggest doing
A.Working independently and hard.
B.Respecting others’ different cultures.
C.Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself.
D.Talking with people with the same culture.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘...When you come from a different country，you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way...’ Amratia said.”可知，Amratia建议尊重他人的不同文化。故选B。
解析
1.expectation(派)＝expect＋ation n.期待；预期
2.be sensitive to...对……敏感
3.directness(派)＝direct＋ness n.直率；直接
4.become stuck被困住；陷入困境
5.brush off不理会，打发
词汇积累
句式分析
She points out that the relationship between junior researchers and supervisors is influenced by many factors including personality，former experiences and the department’s culture.
分析：本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无意义；including...为介词短语作后置定语。
翻译：她指出，初级研究员与导师的关系受到许多因素的影响，包括个性、以前的经历和院系文化。
(2024·山西高一下期中)
If you are visiting Austria，
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在奥地利旅行时一定不能错过的一些独特的活动。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A.Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B.Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C.The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D.Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E.Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F.Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna
Austria.
G.This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
√
then you must certainly not miss out on some of the unique things to do in Austria. 1
根据空前的“If you are visiting Austria，then you must certainly not miss out on some of the unique things to do in Austria.”并结合下文中的小标题介绍的是在奥地利的活动可知，此空应承上启下，D选项符合语境。故选D。
解析
A.Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B.Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C.The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D.Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E.Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F.Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna Austria.
G.This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
√
Climbing the mountain of Grossglockner.
This is one of the high-altitude peaks(山峰) in Austria that have some unique features. 2 It is very nice for the hiking lovers and also many of the new tourists can travel here.There is very lesser difficulty in traveling the Grossglockner peak and any of the non-professional climbers can also hike here.As you move more upward on this mountain，you’ll get the view of the amazing region from the top.
根据空前的“This is one of the high-altitude peaks(山峰) in Austria that have some unique features.”可知，此处介绍的是一座位于奥地利的高海拔的山峰，结合空后的“It is very nice for the hiking lovers and also many of the new tourists can travel here.”可知，这座山峰适合喜欢远足的游客，由此可知，此空讲述的内容应与该山峰相关，G选项承接空前的内容，且空后的It指代选项中的“This peak”。故选G。
解析
A.Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B.Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C.The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D.Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E.Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F.Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna Austria.
G.This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
√
3
Vienna is one of the very historic places here which is visited by a large number of visitors every year.There are a lot of music venues，museums，fantastic events，and places with amazing architecture.The cafes and restaurants can simply make you feel very nice here.
分析语篇可知，此空应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“Vienna is one of the very historic places here which is visited by a large number of visitors every year.There are a lot of music venues，museums，fantastic events，and places with amazing architecture.”可知，本段讲述的内容与介绍维也纳相关，A选项符合，且其中的“heritage”与空后的“one of the very historic places”内容相关。故选A。
解析
A.Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B.Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C.The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D.Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E.Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F.Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna
Austria.
G.This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
√
The food here can simply give you some of the fantastic tastes of the local food which you can enjoy.The markets here are full of some beautiful souvenirs. 4
根据空前的“The markets here are full of some beautiful souvenirs.”可知，此处讲述的是在维也纳的一些市场到处都是漂亮的纪念品，此空位于段尾，应是承接空前的内容，F选项符合语境，选项中的“those”指的是空前所提到的“beautiful souvenirs”，且“purchasing”对应空前的“markets”。故选F。
解析
A.Wandering in the heritage of Vienna city.
B.Enjoying the breathtaking views in Vienna city.
C.The popular The Sound of Music was filmed in this place.
D.Here，let’s look at the top things to do for tourists in Austria.
E.Actually，you will interact with natives in the markets and like the way they talk.
F.Without doubt，purchasing those is one of the best things to do in Vienna Austria.
G.This peak belongs to Alpine ranges with many amazing views observed from here.
√
Enjoying the cultural events of Salzburg.
Salzburg is a place of a variety of cultural events that are filled with many of the historic glories.These events are visited by the local as well as foreign tourists.In Salzburg，you can even find many of the places which are filled with historic architecture. 5 This place is also well-known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s birthplace.
根据空前的“In Salzburg，you can even find many of the places which are filled with historic architecture.”可知，萨尔茨堡充满了很多的历史建筑，结合空后的“This place is also well-known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s birthplace.”可知，这是沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪斯·莫扎特的出生地，由此可推断，此空讲述的内容应与一些著名的人或物相关，C选项提到了著名电影《音乐之声》的拍摄地就是在萨尔茨堡，符合语境。故选C。
解析
The historic monuments(纪念馆) and the places of film shooting are awesome here and exploring these places is one of the things to do in Salzburg Austria.
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2024·河北高一下期中)
Guangzhou，a city located in the southern part of China，is famous for 1. (it) historical and cultural heritage as well as its unique food culture around the world. Among them，the most representative dish is the “dim sum” in Cantonese morning tea.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广州特色食物点心的历史、种类、特点及文化内涵。
its
考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作定语，使用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
解析
Dim sum，literally(字面上) translated as “touching heart”，is a term 2. (use) by Cantonese people to refer to traditional Chinese desserts and snacks.
used
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语term之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填used。
解析
It originated in the Qing Dynasty and was originally served 3.________
breakfast for the nobility(贵族).However，over time，dim sum 4.______
_________(become) a part of Guangzhou people’s daily life.Whether it’s morning or afternoon，you can see people enjoying this delicacy in tea houses.
as
3.考查介词。serve as为固定短语，含义为“作为……提供，用作”，符合句意，故填as。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语over time可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，且主语dim sum不可数，助动词用has，故填has become。
解析
has
become
The 5. (popular) of dim sum lies in its delicious taste.6.________ variety of dim sum is wide，including steamed rice rolls with chicken，
popularity
The
5.考查名词。空处应填名词作主语，表示点心受到人们的欢迎在于它的美味，故填popularity。
6.考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用定冠词the特指点心的种类，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
解析
rice noodle rolls，shrimp dumplings，siu mai，chicken feet，egg tarts and so on.Each type of dim sum has its unique production process and taste.For example，shrimp dumplings 7. (make) by mixing fresh shrimp and pork，and the outer skin is as thin as a cicada’s wing.Moreover，the inner filling is 8.______________(extreme) delicious.
are made
extremely
7.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作谓语，因make与主语shrimp dumplings之间为被动关系，且句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are，故填are made。
8.考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词delicious，使用副词，故填extremely。
解析
In Guangzhou,9. (enjoy) dim sum is not just about tasting delicious food，but also a way of life and cultural experience.People will spend a lot of time in tea houses，sharing food，chatting，and enjoying life with friends and family.This lifestyle is called “drinking tea”，10._________ is a necessary part of the lives of Guangzhou people.
enjoying
which
9.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作主语，应使用动名词，故填enjoying。
10.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为drinking tea，在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。
解析
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