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Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
Grammar——句子成分和句子结构
一、掌握七种句子成分
英语句子的成分主要有七种:主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、表语(P)、定语(Attr)、状语(A)和补(足)语(C)。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1.主语S (subject)
[先感知]
①My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”. (北师大版必修一U1)
②I'm a new senior secondary school student. (北师大版必修一U1)
③To see is to believe.
④It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. (北师大版必修一U1)
⑤Smoking is bad for health.
⑥What he has said is true.
[会发现]
句①My parents 作主语。句②I作主语。句③To see作主语。句④It做形式主语,真正的主语是:to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media。句⑤Smoking作主语。句⑥What he has said作主语。
[明规则]
(1)主语是所谈及的人、物或事,一般位于句子前面,是谓语所描述动作或状态的执行者。
(2)主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句充当。
(3)如果主语太长,为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。
2.谓语V (verb)
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. (人教版必修一U1)
④Bob and Lisa will finish the project next week.
[会发现]
句①由单一动词had做谓语。句②复合谓语:系动词+表语结构was difficult和was kind and friendly作谓语。句③复合谓语:情态动词+实义动词结构 had to think作谓语。句④复合谓语:助动词+实义动词结构:will finish作谓语。
[明规则]
(1)谓语置于主语之后,描述主语的行为、状态或特征,有时态、语态和语气的变化。
(2)简单谓语:动词(短语)
(3)复合谓语:“系动词+表语”或“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”
3.宾语O(object)
[先感知]
①I joined a volunteer club instead. (人教版必修一U1)
②I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. (人教版必修一U1)
③I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. (人教版必修一U1)
④The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. (人教版必修一U1)
⑤Lend me your dictionary, please.
[会发现]
句①宾语由名词短语a volunteer club充当。句②宾语由名词a way 和the team充当。句③第一分句宾语由不定式短语to join the school football team充当;第二分句me为间接宾语,that I didn't play well enough为直接宾语。句④宾语由宾格代词me充当,choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese为宾语补(足)语。句⑤me为间接宾语,your dictionary为直接宾语。
[明规则]
(1)宾语位于及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的后面,表动作、行为的对象。
(2)宾语由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名词、不定式(短语)或从句充当。
(3)宾语可分为直接宾语、间接宾语和复合宾语[宾语+补(足)语]。
(4)直接宾语表动作的承受者,一般指物,间接宾语表动作是为谁或对谁做的,一般指人。
4.表语P(predicative)
[先感知]
①Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won't quit. (人教版必修一U1)
②That remains a puzzle.
③The elephants are in danger.
④That' s why he came here.
⑤My aim is to do well in every subject this term. (北师大版必修一U1)
⑥His favorite sport is swimming.
[会发现]
句①表语为形容词unhappy。句②表语为名词a puzzle。句③表语为介词短语in danger。句④表语为从句why he came here。句⑤表语为不定式短语to do well in every subject this term。句⑥表语为动名词swimming。
[明规则]
(1)表语一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,feel,grow,turn,keep,seem等)之后。
(2)表语说明主语的特征、属性和状态,即主语是“什么”或“怎么样”。
(3)表语由名词、形容词、代词、副词、数词、介词(短语)、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句充当。
5.定语Attr. (attributive)
[先感知]
①A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. (人教版必修一U2)
②From there, you'll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. (人教版必修一U2)
③You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. (人教版必修一U2)
④There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. (人教版必修一U4)
[会发现]
句①定语由形容词short充当。句②定语由数词one和介词短语in the middle of the forest充当。句③定语由数词three,形容词local和形容词短语unique to the rainforest充当。句④定语由形容词deep和定语从句that appeared in the well walls充当。
[明规则]
(1)定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)或定语从句充当。
(2)定语用来修饰名词或代词,分“前置定语+名词/代词”和“名词/代词+后置定语”两种情况。单个单词作定语一般作前置定语;短语结构和定语从句等常作后置定语。
6.状语A(adverbial)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. (外研版必修一U1)
②I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. (外研版必修一U1)
③After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived. (外研版必修一U1)
④Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems.
⑤Tired and hungry, he decided to take a break.
[会发现]
句①状语由副词still和时间状语从句when I arrived充当。句②状语由副词early和介词短语in my eagerness to get to know my new school充当。句③状语由时间状语从句After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind和副词finally 充当。句④状语由副词Fortunately充当,修饰全句。句⑤状语由形容词短语Tired and hungry充当。
[明规则]
(1)状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。表时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果等。
(2)状语常由副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、形容词(短语)、分词(短语)或从句充当。
(3)副词修饰全句时,常置于句首、句中或句末,多用逗号分开。
(4)形容词(短语)作状语强调主语所处的状态或心理感受。
7.补(足)语C(complement)
[先感知]
①His father named him Dongming.
②They painted their boat white.
③Let the fresh air in.
④You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.
⑤We saw her entering the room.
⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.
⑦I want your homework done on time.
[会发现]
句①补(足)语由名词Dongming充当。句②补(足)语由形容词white充当。句③补(足)语由副词in充当。句④补(足)语由不定式短语to lend his money to you充当。句⑤补(足)语由现在分词短语entering the room充当。句⑥补(足)语由介词短语in good order充当。句⑦补(足)语由过去分词done 充当。
[明规则]
(1)补(足)语用以补充说明宾语或主语的意义、状态或特征。
(2)可以做补(足)语的有:名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)。
(3)含有宾语补(足)语的句子在改为被动语态时,宾语补(足)语就成了主语补(足)语。
小题集训　写出下列句中加黑部分充当的句子成分
①The manager made them work day and night. 宾语补(足)语
②A lot of green lands have been opened to the public. 谓语
③The best method of keeping fit is to do exercise. 表语
④They lived in the room above. 定语
⑤He gave me a basket full of eggs. 定语
⑥To be or not to be is a question. 主语
⑦The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. 宾语补(足)语
⑧Is he the man who wants to see you 定语
⑨This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. 宾语
⑩If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 状语
二、精通八种句子结构
[先感知]
感知以下句子,并把句子序号写在相应的结构后面
①...I'm a little anxious right now. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②I want to make a good first impression. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③He even told us a funny story... (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
④I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑤There's a lot to explore at senior high. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑥What happened in the chemistry class (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑦I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑧All of us laughed (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
[会发现]
主语+谓语(S+V) ⑧
主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) ①
主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) ⑦
主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) ⑥
存现句(There be句型) ⑤
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) ④
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) ③
主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) ②
[明规则]
1.主谓结构(SV)
(1)此类句型的谓语动词是不及物动词(短语)。
(2)常见的不及物动词(短语)有:rise、matter、begin、come、go、happen、appear、work、take place等。
①Class begins.开始上课。
②The red sun is rising.红日正冉冉升起。
③What he will say does not matter.
他会说什么并不重要。
2.主(系)表结构[S(V)P]
(1)系动词必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思。
(2)此类动词(短语)大致分四类:
①“状态”类:be、keep、remain、stay等
②“感官”类:look、sound、feel、smell、taste等
③“变成”类:get、grow、become、turn、go、fall、come等
④“结果”类:prove、turn out等
(3)表语由名词、形容词、代词、副词、数词,介词短语、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句充当。
①Some girls are very excited.
一些女孩非常兴奋。
②Your story sounds interesting.
你的故事听起来有趣。
③His face turned red.
他的脸变成了红色。
④The weather turned out (to be) fine.
结果天气很好。
⑤The baby fell asleep soon.
婴儿很快就睡着了。
⑥His advice is of great help.
他的建议很有帮助。
⑦My father's hope is that I can go home frequently.
我父亲的希望是我能经常回家。
3.主谓宾结构(SVO)
(1)该句型的谓语动词是一个及物动词(短语)。
(2)用作宾语的有:名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等。
The students have known the answer.
学生们已经知道了答案。
He refused to help them.
他拒绝帮助他们。
4.主谓宾宾结构(SVOO或SVIODO)
(1)此类谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个通常指人(间接宾语);一个通常指物(直接宾语)。如果要把直接宾语提前,就需要加适当的介词。
(2)间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。
(3)间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。
①He gave me an apple.
=He gave an apple to me.
他给了我一个苹果。
②He offered me his seat.
=He offered his seat to me.
他把他的座位让给了我。
③Father bought me a book.
=Father bought a book for me.
父亲给我买了一本书。
5.主谓宾补结构(SVOC)
(1)此句型特点是:此类及物动词后面,要用一个“宾语+宾语补(足)语”,才能使意思完整。
(2)做宾语补(足)语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、不定式(短语)等。
(3)该句式常用于三类动词:①使役动词keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官动词(短语)see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade...sb to do sth等。
①We made Tom our monitor.
我们选汤姆当班长。
②We are making our school more beautiful.
我们正把我们的学校变得更美丽。
③The man had the light burning [all the night].
这个人让灯亮了一夜。
④The manager made the workers work[12 hours a day].
经理让工人们一天工作12小时。
6.主谓状(SVA)
此类句型是在句式主谓(SV)的基础上,接副词、形容词(短语)、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、介词短语、从句等作状语。
①The children are listening [quietly].
孩子们在静静地听着。
②Robot cooks will appear [in our families] [in the future].
机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。
7.主谓宾状(SVOA)
此句型是在句型主谓宾(SVO)的基础上,加以副词、形容词(短语)、不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)、从句等作状语。
①The man raised his arms [above his head].
那人把手臂举过他的头顶。
②She was doing her homework [at 8:00 last night].
昨晚8点她正在做作业。
8.存现句(There be句型)
“There be句型”表示“某地存在某人或某物”,因此又被称作存现句,其中there是引导词,没词义,be是谓语动词,有时态变化,there be后的名词是句子的主语。
①There is a pen [in the box].
盒子里有一支钢笔。
②There are not any girls [in the room].
房间里没有一个女孩。
③There have been many great changes [in our country] [since then].
自从那时以来,我国发生了很多巨大变化。
小题集训　写出下列句子所属的基本句型结构
①This kind of food tastes terrible. S(V)P
②He studies hard. SVA
③There are several books on the desks. There be句型
④He made me very angry. SVOC
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week. SVOA
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow. SVOO或SV IO DO
1.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中　·focused adj.注意力集中的
教材原文　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
感知　语言先输入
①The meeting will focus on the latest developments in artificial intelligence technology.
②Focused and determined, she worked tirelessly to achieve her goals.(动作描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)focus on　　　 集中于……;关注……
focus one's attention on...=put one's heart into... 集中注意力于……
(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is the focused (focus)mind that achieves great things, not the wandering one.
②By focusing on the most critical issues, we can make significant progress.
③As a result of his strange clothes,he became the focus of attention at once when he entered the office.
④The teacher reminded the students to focus their attention on the lecture.
老师提醒学生要集中注意力听讲。
2.base vt.以……为基础(依据)n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
·based adj.以……为基础,为根据　 ·basis n.原因,缘由;基准,准则;方式;基础
·basic adj.基本的;基础的　 ·basically adv.大体上;基本上
教材原文　Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你应该根据自己的能力和技能来设定目标。
感知　语言先输入
①You should base your career choices on your interests, skills, and passions.
②The basic methods of learning English are listening, speaking, reading, and writing more. (英语学习)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)base...on/upon...　　　 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础)
(2)on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am writing to inform you of some basic(base) table manners,which can ensure that your visit to your friend is enjoyable. (告知信)
②Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English on a daily basis.On the basis of/Based on/upon much practice,they have gradually spoken fluent English.
英语口语俱乐部的成员把每天用英语彼此交流当成习惯。基于大量的练习,他们逐渐讲出了一口流利的英语。
3.remind vt.提醒,使想起　·reminder n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物
教材原文　This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你为了什么而努力并且让你精力集中。
感知　语言先输入
①This ancient building reminds people of the long history of this city.
②The old photograph served as a reminder of their long-lasting friendship.
记牢　知识再梳理
remind sb to do sth　　　 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mobile phone alarms are the reminders(remind) we commonly use in our daily lives.
②提醒我明天早上早起,因为我有一个重要的面试。
Remind me to get up early tomorrow morning, as I have an important interview.
③It was the song that reminded me of my childhood.
正是那首歌勾起了我对童年的回忆。
4.as a result of由于
教材原文　As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行动,你的梦想将会成真,你将有希望过上幸福的生活。
感知　语言先输入
①The young man never cared about details.As a result,he made a big mistake.
=The young man made a big mistake as a result of never caring about details.
②His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.
记牢　知识再梳理
as a result　　　　 结果,因此
result in 导致
result from 由……引起,起因于……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Our inactive participation results from the boring topics in the oral English class.
=The boring topics in the oral English class result in our inactive participation.
②As a result of my hard work,I made enough money,bought my mother a gift and realized my dream.
由于我的努力工作,我赚了足够的钱,给我的母亲买了一份礼物,并实现了我的梦想。
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
[基础语境练]
维度一　基础题——指出下列加黑部分是什么句子成分。(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Studying English is very important. 主语
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 表语
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets. 补(足)语
4.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor. 谓语
5.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time. 宾语
6.He sat there,saying nothing. 状语
7.The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice. 定语
8.To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill. 状语
9.His job is to train swimmers. 表语
10.He noticed a man enter the room. 补(足)语
维度二　语法与写作——用给出的句子结构翻译句子(每小题2分,共16分)
1.你将会成功。(主语+谓语)
You will succeed.
2.你可以加入一个俱乐部。(主语+谓语+宾语)
You can join a club.
3.你的高中生活将会更具挑战性。 (主语+系动词+表语)
Your senior high school life will be more challenging.
4.我们将会给你更多的独立性。 (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
We will give you more independence.
5.你会发现高中和初中不一样。 (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
You will find senior high school different from junior high school.
6.所有的学生都在大厅坐着。(主语+谓语+状语)
All the students are sitting in the hall.
7.你将会在高中享受个人成长。 (主语+谓语+宾语+状语)
You will enjoy personal growth in high school.
8.这个世界还有很多未知等着我们去探索。 [存现句(There be句型)]
There are many unexplained things waiting for us to explore.
维度三　语法与语篇——写出画线句子的句子结构(每小题2分,共10分)
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true!This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as you do,like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
1.主语+谓语
2.主语+谓语+状语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+系动词+表语
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·江苏常州高一月考)
Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程) In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools.Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject.
But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).
Martial arts provide not just a physical work-out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful.Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures—something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies.Martial arts also strengthen muscles, and improve flexibility and balance.Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives.
However, some have been keen to point out that, yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge.They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。
1.What's the topic of this text
A.What martial arts are.
B.Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum.
C.Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school.
D.How martial arts work for schools.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程) ”可知,本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。]
2.Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum
A.Self-defense is not taught at schools.
B.Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world.
C.It provides physical and mental benefits.
D.It can help prevent physical damage.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts...and self-esteem (自尊).”可知,把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。]
3.What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the underlined phrase “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph
A.Building a dojo and finding the trainers.
B.Teaching martial arts and the physical damage.
C.Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap.
D.Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a...to find out.”可知,chicken和egg分别指的是缺乏训练师和没有必修的武术课程。故选D。]
4.What is the author's attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum
A.Unclear. B.Uninterested.
C.Disliking. D.Negative.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第二段“But after new research...self-defense and discipline (自律).”和最后一段“However, some have...to be a challenge.”可知,本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点,并没有表明自己的观点,所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·福州高一上期中)
Our school, Chairo Technical School in Australia, has a strong service idea that covers two of
1.　　　　　　 (we) core values, namely “life-long learning” and “life-long serving”.All the students are encouraged to become 2.　　　　　　 (active) involved in these programs and many opportunities exist at all the 3.　　　　　　 (level) through the country.
Teams of teachers and students from the school 4.　　　　　　 (send) to every part across the whole country and other countries regularly to participate 5.　　　　　　 different programs, including a regular English teaching tour of our sister school in China.As a school we are always seeking different service opportunities, 6.　　　　　　 will encourage our students to devote their time and efforts to
7.　　　　　　 (assist) those more needy than themselves.
As 8.　　　　　　 matter of fact, many programs 9.　　　　　　 (aim) at helping the needy and elderly within our local communities also occur throughout each year, including an annual activity, Service Week.While these programs do assist those in need, it is also exciting to see the
10.　　　　　　 (person) growth that occurs among our participating students.The real-life experiences strengthen our teamwork effectively in order to better serve the society for life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的Chairo Technical School的服务观念和活动,鼓励学生参与各种服务项目,致力于帮助那些有需要的人,并通过实践活动促进学生的成长和团队合作能力。
1.our　[考查代词。句意:我们学校,澳大利亚的Chairo技术学校,有着强烈的服务理念,涵盖了我们的两个核心价值观,即“终身学习”和“终身服务”。分析句子,设空处使用we的形容词性物主代词our作定语。故填our。]
2.actively　[考查词性转换。句意:鼓励所有学生积极参与这些项目,并且在全国各地,各个层级都存在许多机会。分析句子,设空处使用active的副词actively作状语,修饰形容词involved,意为“积极地”。故填actively。]
3.levels　[考查名词的单复数。句意同上。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语,level意为“级别,层次”,此处表示复数意义,故用复数形式。故填levels。]
4.are sent　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:学校的教师和学生团队定期被派往全国各地和其他国家参加不同的项目,包括我们在中国的姐妹学校的定期英语教学之旅。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,根据句意以及regularly可知,句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。同时Teams of teachers and students为复数,且与send之间是被动关系,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are sent。]
5.in　[考查介词。句意同上。句中participate in为固定短语,意为“参与”。故填in。]
6.which　[考查定语从句。句意:作为一所学校,我们一直在寻找不同的服务机会,这将鼓励我们的学生投入时间和精力去帮助那些比自己更有需要的人。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词service opportunities,为物,故使用which。故填which。]
7.assisting　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。devote their time and efforts to 中to为介词,设空处使用动名词作宾语。故填assisting。]
8.a　[考查冠词。句意:事实上,每年都有许多旨在帮助当地社区贫困人口和老年人的项目,包括年度活动“服务周”。句中as a matter of fact为固定短语,意为“实际上”。故填a。]
9.aimed　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子,occur为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。be aimed at意为“旨在”,此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语。故填aimed。]
10.personal　[考查词性转换。句意:虽然这些项目确实帮助了那些有需要的人,但看到我们参与(这些项目)的学生的个人成长,也是令人兴奋的。分析句子,设空处使用person的形容词personal作定语,修饰名词growth。故填personal。](共87张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
内
容
索
引
语法知识过关
语言知识精析
课时精练
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——句子成分和句子结构
一、掌握七种句子成分
英语句子的成分主要有七种:主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、表语(P)、定语(Attr)、状语(A)和补(足)语(C)。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1.主语S (subject)
[先感知]
①My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”.(北师大版必修一U1)
②I’m a new senior secondary school student.(北师大版必修一U1)
③To see is to believe.
④It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.(北师大版必修一U1)
⑤Smoking is bad for health.
⑥What he has said is true.
[会发现]
句①　　　　　　　　 作主语。句②　　　　　　作主语。句
③　　　　　　作主语。句④　　　　　做形式主语,真正的主语是: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
句⑤　 　　　作主语。句⑥　 　　　　　作主语。
My parents
I
To see
It
to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media
Smoking
What he has said
[明规则]
(1)主语是所谈及的人、物或事,一般位于句子前面,是谓语所描述动作或状态的执行者。
(2)主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句充当。
(3)如果主语太长,为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。
2.谓语V (verb)
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.(人教版必修一U1)
④Bob and Lisa will finish the project next week.
[会发现]
句①由单一动词　　　　　　做谓语。句②复合谓语:系动词+表语结构　　　　　　　　和　　　　　　　　　　作谓语。句③复合谓语:情态动词+实义动词结构 　　　　　　　　作谓语。句④复合谓语:助动词+实义动词结构:　　　　　　　　　　作谓语。
had
was difficult
was kind and friendly
had to think
will finish
[明规则]
(1)谓语置于主语之后,描述主语的行为、状态或特征,有时态、语态和语气的变化。
(2)简单谓语:动词(短语)
(3)复合谓语:“系动词+表语”或“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”
3.宾语O(object)
[先感知]
①I joined a volunteer club instead.(人教版必修一U1)
②I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.(人教版必修一U1)
③I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.(人教版必修一U1)
④The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese.(人教版必修一U1)
⑤Lend me your dictionary, please.
[会发现]
句①宾语由名词短语　　　　　　　　　　　充当。句②宾语由名词　　　　　　 和　　　　　充当。句③第一分句宾语由不定式短语　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 充当;第二分句　　　　　　为间接宾语,　　　　 　　　　　　　为直接宾语。 句④宾语由宾格代词　　　　　　充当,choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese为宾语补(足)语。句
⑤　　　　　　为间接宾语,　　　　　　　为直接宾语。
a volunteer club
a way
the team
to join the school football team
me
that I didn’t play well enough
me
me
your dictionary
[明规则]
(1)宾语位于及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的后面,表动作、行为的对象。
(2)宾语由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名词、不定式(短语)或从句充当。
(3)宾语可分为直接宾语、间接宾语和复合宾语[宾语+补(足)语]。
(4)直接宾语表动作的承受者,一般指物,间接宾语表动作是为谁或对谁做的,一般指人。
4.表语P(predicative)
[先感知]
①Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit.(人教版必修一U1)
②That remains a puzzle.
③The elephants are in danger.
④That’ s why he came here.
⑤My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北师大版必修一U1)
⑥His favorite sport is swimming.
[会发现]
句①表语为形容词　　　　　　。句②表语为名词　　　　　　　　　　　。句③表语为介词短语 　　　　　　。句④表语为从句　　　　　　　　　　。句⑤表语为不定式短语 　 　　　　　　　　　　　。 句⑥表语为动名词　　　　　　。
unhappy
a puzzle
in danger
why he came here
to do well in every subject this term
swimming
[明规则]
(1)表语一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,feel,grow,turn, keep,seem等)之后。
(2)表语说明主语的特征、属性和状态,即主语是“什么”或“怎么样”。
(3)表语由名词、形容词、代词、副词、数词、介词(短语)、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句充当。
5.定语Attr. (attributive)
[先感知]
①A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest.(人教版必修一U2)
②From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest.(人教版必修一U2)
③You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
(人教版必修一U2)
④There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
(人教版必修一U4)
[会发现]
句①定语由形容词　　 　充当。句②定语由数词　　　　和介词短语　　　　　 　　充当。句③定语由数词　　　　　　,形容词　　　　和形容词短语　　　 　　　　充当。句④定语由形容词　　　和定语从句 　　 　　　充当。
short
one
in the middle of the forest
three
local
unique to the rainforest
deep
that appeared in the well walls
[明规则]
(1)定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)或定语从句充当。
(2)定语用来修饰名词或代词,分“前置定语+名词/代词”和“名词/代词+后置定语”两种情况。单个单词作定语一般作前置定语;短语结构和定语从句等常作后置定语。
6.状语A(adverbial)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit.(外研版必修一U1)
②I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.(外研版必修一U1)
③After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived.(外研版必修一U1)
④Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems.
⑤Tired and hungry, he decided to take a break.
[会发现]
句①状语由副词　　　　　和时间状语从句　　　　　 　　充
当。句②状语由副词　 　　　　　　　和介词短语
　 　　　　　　　充当。句③状语由时间状语从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 和副词　　　　　　 充当。句④状语由副词　　　　　　充当,修饰全句。句⑤状语由形容词短语　　 　　　　　充当。
still
when I arrived
early
in my eagerness to get to know my new school
After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind
finally
Fortunately
Tired and hungry
[明规则]
(1)状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。表时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果等。
(2)状语常由副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、形容词(短语)、分词(短语)或从句充当。
(3)副词修饰全句时,常置于句首、句中或句末,多用逗号分开。
(4)形容词(短语)作状语强调主语所处的状态或心理感受。
7.补(足)语C(complement)
[先感知]
①His father named him Dongming.
②They painted their boat white.
③Let the fresh air in.
④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
⑤We saw her entering the room.
⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.
⑦I want your homework done on time.
[会发现]
句①补(足)语由名词　　　　　　充当。句②补(足)语由形容词
　　　　　　充当。句③补(足)语由副词　　　　　　充当。句④补(足)语由不定式短语　　　　　　 　　　　充当。句⑤补(足)语由现在分词短语　　　　　　　　　　　　　　充当。句⑥补(足)语由介词短语　　　　　　　　　　充当。句⑦补(足)语由过去分词
　　　　　　 充当。
Dongming
white
in
to lend his money to you
entering the room
in good order
done
[明规则]
(1)补(足)语用以补充说明宾语或主语的意义、状态或特征。
(2)可以做补(足)语的有:名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)。
(3)含有宾语补(足)语的句子在改为被动语态时,宾语补(足)语就成了主语补(足)语。
小题集训　写出下列句中加黑部分充当的句子成分
　①The manager made them work day and night.　　　　　
　②A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.　　　　　
　③The best method of keeping fit is to do exercise.　　　　　
　④They lived in the room above.　　　　　
　⑤He gave me a basket full of eggs.　　　　　
宾语补(足)语
谓语
表语
定语
定语
⑥To be or not to be is a question.　　　　　
⑦The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.　　　　　
⑧Is he the man who wants to see you 　　　　　
⑨This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.　　　　　
⑩If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
　　　　　
主语
宾语补(足)语
定语
宾语
状语
二、精通八种句子结构
[先感知]
感知以下句子,并把句子序号写在相应的结构后面
①...I’m a little anxious right now.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②I want to make a good first impression.
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③He even told us a funny story...(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
④I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑤There’s a lot to explore at senior high.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑥What happened in the chemistry class
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑦I just had my first maths class at senior high school!
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑧All of us laughed(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
[会发现]
⑧
①
⑦
⑥
⑤
④
③
②
主语+谓语(S+V)
主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)
主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)
存现句(There be句型)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)
[明规则]
1.主谓结构(SV)
2.主(系)表结构[S(V)P]
(1)系动词必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思。
(2)此类动词(短语)大致分四类:
①“状态”类:be、keep、remain、stay等
②“感官”类:look、sound、feel、smell、taste等
③“变成”类:get、grow、become、turn、go、fall、come等
④“结果”类:prove、turn out等
3.主谓宾结构(SVO)
4.主谓宾宾结构(SVOO或SVIODO)
(1)此类谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个通常指人(间接宾语);一个通常指物(直接宾语)。如果要把直接宾语提前,就需要加适当的介词。
(2)间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。
5.主谓宾补结构(SVOC)
(1)此句型特点是:此类及物动词后面,要用一个“宾语+宾语补(足)语”,才能使意思完整。
(2)做宾语补(足)语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、不定式(短语)等。
(3)该句式常用于三类动词:①使役动词keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官动词(短语)see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask/tell/order/　request/permit/persuade...sb to do sth等。
6.主谓状(SVA)
7.主谓宾状(SVOA)
8.存现句(There be句型)
小题集训　写出下列句子所属的基本句型结构
S(V)P
①This kind of food tastes terrible.　　　　　
②He studies hard.　　　　　
③There are several books on the desks.　　　　　
④He made me very angry.　　　　　
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week. 　 　　
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
　 　　　　
SVA
There be句型
SVOC
SVOA
SVOO或SV IO DO
语 言 知 识 精 析
1.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中　·focused adj.注意力集中的
教材原文　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
感知　语言先输入
①The meeting will focus on the latest developments in artificial intelligence technology.
②Focused and determined, she worked tirelessly to achieve her goals.(动作描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)focus on　　　 集中于……;关注……
focus one’s attention on...=put one’s heart into...
集中注意力于……
(2)the focus of attention关注的焦点
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is the 　　　　　　(focus)mind that achieves great things, not the wandering one.
②By focusing 　　　　　　the most critical issues, we can make significant progress.
③As a result of his strange clothes,he became the focus
　　　　　　attention at once when he entered the office.
④The teacher reminded the students 　　　　 　　　　the lecture. 老师提醒学生要集中注意力听讲。
focused
on
of
to focus their attention on
2.base vt.以……为基础(依据)n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
·based adj.以……为基础,为根据　·basis n.原因,缘由;基准,准则;方式;基础　·basic adj.基本的;基础的　·basically adv.大体上;基本上
教材原文　Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你应该根据自己的能力和技能来设定目标。
感知　语言先输入
①You should base your career choices on your interests, skills, and passions.
②The basic methods of learning English are listening, speaking, reading, and writing more.(英语学习)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)base...on/upon...　　　 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础)
(2)on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am writing to inform you of some 　　　　　　　 (base) table manners,which can ensure that your visit to your friend is enjoyable.(告知信)
basic
②Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English 　　　　　　　　 　　.
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,they have gradually spoken fluent English.
英语口语俱乐部的成员把每天用英语彼此交流当成习惯。基于大量的练习,他们逐渐讲出了一口流利的英语。
on a daily basis
On the basis of/Based on/upon much practice
3.remind vt.提醒,使想起　·reminder n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的
事物
教材原文　This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你为了什么而努力并且让你精力集中。
感知　语言先输入
①This ancient building reminds people of the long history of this city.
②The old photograph served as a reminder of their long-lasting friendship.
记牢　知识再梳理
remind sb to do sth　　　 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mobile phone alarms are the 　　　　　　 (remind) we commonly use in our daily lives.
reminders
②提醒我明天早上早起,因为我有一个重要的面试。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, as I have an important interview.
③It was the song that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
正是那首歌勾起了我对童年的回忆。
Remind me to get up early tomorrow morning
reminded me of my childhood
4.as a result of由于
教材原文　As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行动,你的梦想将会成真,你将有希望过上幸福的生活。
感知　语言先输入
①The young man never cared about details.As a result,he made a big mistake.
=The young man made a big mistake as a result of never caring about details.
②His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.
记牢　知识再梳理
as a result　　　　 结果,因此
result in 导致
result from 由……引起,起因于……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Our inactive participation results 　　　　 the boring topics in the oral English class.
=The boring topics in the oral English class result 　　　　　our inactive participation.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I made enough money,bought my mother a gift and realized my dream.
由于我的努力工作,我赚了足够的钱,给我的母亲买了一份礼物,并实现了我的梦想。
from
in
As a result of my hard work
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一　基础题——指出下列加黑部分是什么句子成分。(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Studying English is very important.　　　　　　　
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working.　　　　　　　
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
　　　　　　　
主语
表语
补(足)语
4.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor.　　　　　　
5.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time.
　　　　　　
6.He sat there,saying nothing.　　　　　　　
7.The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice.　　　　　　
8.To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill.　　　　　　　
9.His job is to train swimmers.　　　　　　　
10.He noticed a man enter the room.　　　　　　　
谓语
宾语
状语
定语
状语
表语
补(足)语
维度二　语法与写作——用给出的句子结构翻译句子(每小题2分,共16分)
1.你将会成功。(主语+谓语)
　　 　　　　　　
2.你可以加入一个俱乐部。(主语+谓语+宾语)
　　 　　　　　　
3.你的高中生活将会更具挑战性。(主语+系动词+表语)
　　 　　　　　　
You will succeed.
You can join a club.
Your senior high school life will be more challenging.
4.我们将会给你更多的独立性。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
　　 　　　　　　
5.你会发现高中和初中不一样。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
　　 　　 　　　　
6.所有的学生都在大厅坐着。(主语+谓语+状语)
　　 　　　　　　
We will give you more independence.
You will find senior high school different from junior high school.
All the students are sitting in the hall.
7.你将会在高中享受个人成长。(主语+谓语+宾语+状语)
　　 　　　　　　
8.这个世界还有很多未知等着我们去探索。[存现句(There be句型)]
　　 　　　　　 　
You will enjoy personal growth in high school.
There are many unexplained things waiting for us to explore.
维度三　语法与语篇——写出画线句子的句子结构(每小题2分,共10分)
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true!This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as you do,like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what
happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　 　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　　 4.　 　　　　　 　
5.　　　　　　　
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+状语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+系动词+表语
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·江苏常州高一月考)
Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程) In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools.Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject.
But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).
Martial arts provide not just a physical work-out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful.Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures—something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies.Martial arts also strengthen muscles, and improve flexibility and balance.Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives.
However, some have been keen to point out that, yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge.They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。
1.What’s the topic of this text
A.What martial arts are.
B.Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum.
C.Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school.
D.How martial arts work for schools.
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程) ”可知,本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。
√
2.Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum
A.Self-defense is not taught at schools.
B.Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world.
C.It provides physical and mental benefits.
D.It can help prevent physical damage.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts...and self-esteem (自尊).”可知,把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。
√
3.What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the underlined phrase “a
chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph
A.Building a dojo and finding the trainers.
B.Teaching martial arts and the physical damage.
C.Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap.
D.Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts.
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a...to find out.”可知,chicken和egg分别指的是缺乏训练师和没有必修的武术课程。故选D。
√
4.What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the
curriculum
A.Unclear. B.Uninterested.
C.Disliking. D.Negative.
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“But after new research...self-defense and discipline (自律).”和最后一段“However, some have...to be a challenge.”可知,本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点,并没有表明自己的观点,所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·福州高一上期中)
Our school, Chairo Technical School in Australia, has a strong service idea that covers two of 1.　　　　　　 (we) core values, namely “life-long learning” and “life-long serving”.All the students are encouraged to become 2.　　　　　　 (active) involved in these programs and many opportunities exist at all the 3.　　　 　 (level) through the country.
Teams of teachers and students from the school 4.　　 　　 (send) to every part across the whole country and other countries regularly to participate 5.　　　　　　 different programs, including a regular English teaching tour of our sister school in China.As a school we are always seeking different service opportunities, 6.　　　　　　 will encourage our students to devote their time and efforts to
7.　　　　　　 (assist) those more needy than themselves.
As 8.　　　　　　 matter of fact, many programs
9.　　　　 (aim) at helping the needy and elderly within our local communities also occur throughout each year, including an annual activity, Service Week.While these programs do assist those in need, it is also exciting to see the 10.　　　　　　 (person) growth that occurs among our participating students.The real-life experiences strengthen our teamwork effectively in order to better serve the society for life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的Chairo Technical School的服务观念和活动,鼓励学生参与各种服务项目,致力于帮助那些有需要的人,并通过实践活动促进学生的成长和团队合作能力。
1.our　[考查代词。句意:我们学校,澳大利亚的Chairo技术学校,有着强烈的服务理念,涵盖了我们的两个核心价值观,即“终身学习”和“终身服务”。分析句子,设空处使用we的形容词性物主代词our作定语。故填our。]
2.actively　[考查词性转换。句意:鼓励所有学生积极参与这些项目,并且在全国各地,各个层级都存在许多机会。分析句子,设空处使用active的副词actively作状语,修饰形容词involved,意为“积极地”。故填actively。]
3.levels　[考查名词的单复数。句意同上。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语,level意为“级别,层次”,此处表示复数意义,故用复数形式。故填levels。]
4.are sent　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:学校的教师和学生团队定期被派往全国各地和其他国家参加不同的项目,包括我们在中国的姐妹学校的定期英语教学之旅。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,根据句意以及regularly可知,句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。同时Teams of teachers and students为复数,且与send之间是被动关系,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are sent。]
5.in　[考查介词。句意同上。句中participate in为固定短语,意为“参与”。故填in。]
6.which　[考查定语从句。句意:作为一所学校,我们一直在寻找不同的服务机会,这将鼓励我们的学生投入时间和精力去帮助那些比自己更有需要的人。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词service opportunities,为物,故使用which。故填which。]
7.assisting　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。devote their time and efforts to 中to为介词,设空处使用动名词作宾语。故填assisting。]
8.a　[考查冠词。句意:事实上,每年都有许多旨在帮助当地社区贫困人口和老年人的项目,包括年度活动“服务周”。句中as a matter of fact为固定短语,意为“实际上”。故填a。]
9.aimed　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子,occur为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。be aimed at意为“旨在”,此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语。故填aimed。]
10.personal　[考查词性转换。句意:虽然这些项目确实帮助了那些有需要的人,但看到我们参与(这些项目)的学生的个人成长,也是令人兴奋的。分析句子,设空处使用person的形容词personal作定语,修饰名词growth。故填personal。]
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