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Part 1　Reading Comprehension
Step One:Pre reading
According to the title,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
The passage is mainly about an ex millionaire called Jason Harley who chose to give up the lifestyle of a rich man and give away all his money to charities.
Step Two:While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Angela Johnson wanted to find out whether money was a symbol of success.
B.Angela Johnson wondered what other forms of success could be found.
C.Jason Harley,a millionaire,was tired of living a rich and fulfilled life.
D.Jason Harley,an ex millionaire,was pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.
答案　D
2.Read the passage and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.1)　 A.Jason Harley’s attitude to the change.
Part 2 (para.2) 　B.The reason for Jason Harley’s change.
Part 3 (para.3) 　C.Jason Harley’s feelings after the change.
Part 4 (para.4) 　D.The change of Jason Harley’s lifestyle.
Part 5(paras.5 & 6) 　 E.Different attitudes
towards money.
答案　Part 1 E　Part 2 D　Part 3 A　Part 4 B　Part 5 C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Who Jason,a college ①professor with a huge six bedroom house and a fortune of ②two million dollars 16 years ago.
Why ·He was tired of being regarded as living ③a successful life,as a person who had everything while others had nothing. ·He wanted to live ④simply and be helpful to others and felt very ⑤guilty being a rich man without doing anything.
What He made the choice to give all his money away.
How ·He gave away all his money away to ⑥charities. ·Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to ⑦homeless people.
Result ·He’s much ⑧happier now,because he is living according to his values. ·Success is not ⑨measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true ⑩meaning of life.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the meaning of the phrase “turned their backs on” in the first paragraph
A.Ignored. B.Betrayed.
C.Given up. D.Turned over.
2.What might most people do to keep the sense of achieved success
A.Dream up ways of getting rich.
B.Become a millionaire quickly.
C.Find other forms of success.
D.Work hard constantly.
3.What can we infer about the attitude of most people
A.They can’t live a free life without enough money.
B.They can avoid all the worries with enough money.
C.The true meaning of life has nothing to do with money.
D.The true meaning of life comes from the ability to earn money.
4.What is Jason’s attitude to success
A.Fame is success.
B.Money is success.
C.Having a well paid job is success.
D.Finding true meaning in life is success.
5.How does the author develop the last two paragraphs
A.By analyzing cause and effect.
B.By giving specific examples.
C.By comparison.
D.By introducing an interesting phenomenon.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.A　4.D　5.C
Step Three:Post reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect,and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich.
[学会断句]　本句中包含两个定语从句和一个由once引导的条件状语从句。they expect是定语从句,先行词为success;they will do也是定语从句,先行词为things,关系词在从句中作宾语,故省略。
尝试翻译:他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法,另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。
2.Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
[学会断句]　本句是一个表示顺承关系的并列句,由and连接。第二个分句中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句,其中having only a little money为动词 ing形式短语作主语。
尝试翻译:詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
Jason Harley used to be a millionaire,but today he lives in a small dormitory room 1.with only second hand furniture.He gets all his clothes and other things by 2.shopping (shop) in charity shops.“3.What I want is living in a simple way.Seeing so many people in trouble,I feel worried and 4.guilty (guilt),” he said.So Jason was 5.pleased (please) to give up the lifestyle of a rich man and made the choice 6.to give (give) all his money away,which brought him 7.happiness (happy).
Most people believe when they are living 8.comfortably (comfortable),they will not have any worries.9.However,most people never feel they have earned enough.Jason Harley decided to drop out and he discovered that having only a little money 10.made (make) him free.
[原文呈现]
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire[1] is a symbol① of success and they set this as② their ultimate③ goal.They spend half of their time dreaming up④ ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect[2],and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do[3] once they become rich[4].But do all millionaires get the sense of success⑤ they were looking for after they achieve their goals Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy⑥,but then they need to continue making money so they don’t lose the sense of success they have achieved.However,there are people who have turned their backs on⑦ their millions and found other forms of success in their lives.Jason Harley is one example.
[1]动词-ing形式短语作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。
[2]省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词 success。
[3]省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词all the things。
[4] once引导条件状语从句,在此作连词用,意为“一旦……”。
Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor⑧ with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune⑨ of two million dollars.Today he lives in a small dormitory⑩ room with only second-hand furniture .There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man[5]!There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees,which Jason enjoys taking care of[6].He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers.He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
[5] that引导同位语从句,作signs的同位语。
[6] which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词fruit trees。
But Jason appreciates this change.He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing[7].He made the choice to give all his money away [8].And this,he said,brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
[7] as与前面的regarded连用,意为“作为”;who引导的定语从句修饰先行词person;while在此意为“而,然而”。
[8]不定式短语作the choice的同位语。
“I don’t need a lot of money.I don’t want to buy more things.I have enough,”said Jason.“What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.[9] A few years ago,I was a millionaire,but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year,and there were places with no schools and no teachers.So many people could never go to school.They didn’t have the chance to learn and get on in life.This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything[10].”
[9]what引导主语从句。并列的不定式短语作表语,be helpful前省略to。
[10]动词-ing形式短语作原因状语。
Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars[11],he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.“It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before[12],” said Jason.“Sure,many people think that ‘success’ means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job.But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life.”
[11]whenever在此意为“每当”,引导时间状语从句。
[12]that在此引导定语从句,修饰前面两个并列的先行词。that在从句中作宾语。　　
Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money,they will have no worries.However,most people never feel they have earned enough.Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.Are there any things he misses from his past “No,I’m much happier now,because I am living according to my values.Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.[13]”
[13]该句包含“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”,两个介词by后各接一个how引导的宾语从句。“not...but...”连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
[名师圈点]
①symbol / s mb l/ n.象征,标志;符号
be a symbol of... 是……的象征
②set...as... 把……设置为……
③ultimate / lt m t/ adj.最后的,最终的
ultimate goal最终目标
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最终,最后
④dream up凭空想出,虚构出
⑤the sense of success成功感
the sense of achievement成就感
⑥wealthy / welθi/ adj.富裕的,富有的
wealth /welθ/ n.财富;富有
⑦turn one’s back on抛弃,背弃
⑧professor /pr fes / n.教授
⑨fortune / f t n/ n.大笔的钱,巨款;(个人的)命运;机会,运气
make a/one’s fortune发财
seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路
⑩dormitory / d m t ri/ n.寝室,学生宿舍
second-hand furniture二手家具
second-hand / sek nd h nd/ adj.旧的,二手的,用过的
furniture / f n t / n.家具
a piece of furniture一件家具
charity / t r ti/ n.慈善机构;慈善
charity shop n.慈善商店(通过出售捐赠的衣物等募集慈善资金)
appreciate / pri ie t/ vt.欣赏;赏识;感激
give away赠送
hunger / h ɡ / n.饥饿,饥荒
guilty / ɡ lti/ adj.内疚的,羞愧的;犯罪的
guilt /ɡ lt/ n.内疚;有罪
feel guilty about... 对……感到内疚
be guilty of... 犯有……罪
[反义]innocent
bank note纸币,钞票(=note)
earn / n/ vt.& vi.挣得,赚得 vt.赢得
earn money=make money
drop out退出,脱离;辍学
measure / me (r)/ vt.衡量;测量 n.尺度,标准;措施,方法
[参考译文]　　安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利
对于很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,并且他们将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法,另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是,百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗 有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作,变得富有,但他们需要继续赚钱,这样才不会丧失已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了百万家财,找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
十六年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一套六居室的大房子和两百万美元的巨款。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。显然没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人! 房子外面有一个小花园,种了几棵果树,詹森很喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。
但是詹森很欣赏这种改变。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
“我不需要很多钱,也不想再买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了。”詹森说,“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前,我是百万富翁,但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿,而且有些地方没有学校和老师。很多人永远不能上学,他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我非常担心,作为一位富人不能有所作为,我感到非常内疚。”
　　因此,他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过两千美元时,他就会把小额钞票赠送给当地街道上无家可归的人。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。”詹森说,“当然,很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。”
大多数人相信,当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时,就可以高枕无忧了。但是,大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。 和过去相比,他错过了什么吗 “不,现在我更开心,因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱,而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。”
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
I grew up in a poor family.This was something I did not realize until I was older.I thought everyone in the city took the bus,because everyone in my neighborhood took the bus.I thought everyone in the city used the food bank,because all my friends’ cupboards were filled with the same government labeled food that filled my cupboards.We all wore hand me down clothes.
Grocery shopping was my first experience understanding that my family was a little different.My mom used paper money that looked different from the paper money others in line were using.However,one day,I asked my mom why our money looked different.She said because we did not have real money to buy food,so the government helped us.
In high school,I was still embarrassed and wished we were not so poor,but I loved my mom and the other members of my family and knew we had things to be proud of.My mother who was a great woman with wisdom taught me how to love and told me to believe in myself.Growing up in poverty taught me perseverance (毅力).I have always believed in myself and my abilities.I knew I could focus on school and build a life that looked different from my childhood.
As I became a man,I thought my experiences are very useful and vital! It taught me to be resilient (有韧性的),and how to respect people for who they are as an individual—and not by what they have.I think there are a lot of fixed images placed on those experiencing poverty that do not actually come from the people experiencing it.These judgments come from people on the outside trying not to look into the experience.Hardworking,trustworthy,reliable,clean,efficient,successful and disciplined are all words not typically associated with poverty.But those words are very much shown by those experiencing poverty! Therefore,I am glad to say I am really proud to be who I am and proud of where I’m from!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自贫穷家庭的作者学习智慧的母亲的优秀品质,从贫穷中坚毅成长的故事。
1.Why did the mom use different paper money in the shop from the paragraph 2
A.To show their uniqueness.
B.To get the extra award.
C.To buy food without real money.
D.To support the government.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“My mom used paper money...the government helped us.”可知,妈妈在商店里使用了不同的纸币是为了没有真钱也能买食物,故选C项。]
2.What can we learn about the mom from Paragraph 3
A.She was wise.
B.She was nervous.
C.She was frightened.
D.She was negative.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“My mother who was a great...told me to believe in myself.”可知,妈妈是充满智慧的,故选A项。]
3.What’s the author’s feeling towards his experience when he became a man
A.Unhappy. B.Disappointed.
C.Grateful. D.Abnormal.
答案　C　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“Hardworking,trustworthy,reliable,clean...proud of where I’m from!”可知,作者介绍了自己从贫穷中所学到的东西,由此可推知作者是感激的,故选C项。]
4.Which title is the best for the text
A.Lessons from Struggling for Dreams
B.Lessons from Growing Up Poor
C.Poor Means Stupid
D.My Poor Childhood
答案　B　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段以及文章主旨(“我”虽来自贫穷的家庭,但从贫穷中学会了自信和坚持)可知,B选项“从贫穷成长中所学到的教训”最符合文章标题,故选B项。]
B
Eugene Newman Parker,a leading figure in heliospheric (日球层的) physics for the past half century,passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar.15.He was 94.
Acknowledged as a visionary in the field of heliophysics,Parker changed our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker”.In 2018,Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”,a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun.It can become violent,causing space weather that impacts the Earth.When Parker’s research was published in 1958,his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空),and was thus completely empty of any matter.But,there were no errors in his study or his calculations,and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962,when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers:“If you do something new or innovative,expect trouble.But think critically about it because if you’re wrong,you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co authored a paper with his students,thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble,straightforward,and wise.His son Eric said,“My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death,they traveled to Lund,Sweden,to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了太阳物理学的领军人物——尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。
5.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B.The sun has less effect on Earth than expected.
C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D.NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Acknowledged as a visionary in...within the solar system.”以及“NASA even stated that...of Dr.Eugene Parker’.”可知,帕克对整个太阳物理学领域做出了极大的贡献,他是值得赞扬的,故选C项。]
6.Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A.Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
B.It went against the popular opinion at that time.
C.The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D.Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“When Parker’s research was published...by the scientific community.”以及“The general view at the...completely empty of any matter.”可知,人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度是因为它违背了当时的主流观点,故选B项。]
7.What advice did Parker often give to young researchers
A.Expect challenges and critically evaluate your work.
B.Stick to conventional methods to minimize risks.
C.Depend on your professor for decision making.
D.Cooperate frequently to ensure success.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to...the first one to know that.”可知,帕克给年轻人的建议是,做创新工作难免遇到麻烦,但要批判性地思考,由此可知,帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议是做好面对挑战的准备并且批判性地评估你的工作,故选A项。]
8.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A.Responsible and accessible.
B.Straightforward and generous.
C.Distinguished yet modest.
D.Intelligent yet peculiar.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Acknowledged as a visionary in...bodies within the solar system.”可知,帕克是一位有杰出成就的人,结合最后一段中“Parker was humble,straightforward,and wise.(帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知,帕克是杰出但谦逊的,故选C项。]
C
Like many Americans,my father,Kenneth Hamilton,must have heard Paul Robeson sing over the radio at one time or another.He must have read about Robeson’s extraordinary feats of daring and skill on the football fields of Rutgers.“I imagine,” he would begin,“that Mr.Paul Robeson woke up one morning to find there was more to the day than playing football.I know I did (my father played football for Iowa State).I imagine he looked around him.He saw that plenty of his people already were preachers;there were enough morticians (殡仪业者) to reach from here to kingdom to come.I imagine Mr.Robeson decided then and there he would be what there never had been before.And he was.”
I don’t recall Kenneth Hamilton ever saying what it was Paul Robeson became besides a football star.But surely he was referring to Robeson’s powerful singing voice.Yet what came through clearly to me at the time was this:If one were to become anything,it would have to be not only the best but wholly original,a new idea.This concept sank deep into my consciousness.Imperceptibly (不知不觉地),I grow up yearning for the unusual,seeking something unique in myself.I longed not just to write,but to newly write and like no one else.Kenneth Hamilton wanted no less for his youngest child.
“Like no one else,” he had been no less himself.Graduating from Iowa State Business College in the early 1890s when it was an achievement when a black man completed high school,he began his search for employment.
One day,the banker for whom his mother worked as a cook asked that young Kenneth be sent around to the bank,where there was a suitable job for him.He hurried over to the bank,absolutely amazed at this sudden stroke of luck.Dressed in starched collar and gray business suit,he wondered what he would become.
Kenneth Hamilton walked directly into the bank and was promptly handed a mop and a bucket.He threw both the length of the establishment and turned on his heel,never to return.Perhaps he should have accepted that first mop and bucket,but I’m rather glad his imagination wouldn’t permit him.For now I have pleasure of remembering him as a man who would not allow mind or body to be limited by another’s reality.I could have wanted no less for a father.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父亲因对Paul Robeson的敬仰,在自己的生活中也不甘于平庸,而父亲的追求最终也影响了作者的人生观的故事。
9.According to the first paragraph,Kenneth Hamilton and Paul Robeson were similar because they 　　　　.
A.were both talented singers
B.both played football for Iowa State
C.both had aspirations for things greater than collegiate sports
D.both,at one time,aspired to be preachers
答案　C　[推理判断题。在第一段中,作者描述了父亲Kenneth Hamilton对Paul Robeson的钦佩,特别是Robeson不仅在橄榄球场上表现出色,而且他还追求了比橄榄球更伟大的事物。而作者的父亲也对橄榄球有兴趣,并且两人都有其他的成就。由此可推断出他们的相似之处在于都对超出大学体育运动的事物有抱负,故选C项。]
10.Which of the following best exemplifies what the author refers to as the “wholly original,a new idea” in paragraph 2
A.The author’s resolve to be unlike any other writer.
B.The author’s choice to write about her past experiences.
C.Kenneth Hamilton’s decision to play football.
D.Paul Robeson’s determination that he would not be a preacher.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,作者提到自己不仅渴望写作,还渴望以一种全新的方式写作,并且希望与众不同。选项A最能体现“完全原创,新的想法”这一概念,故选A项。]
11.The story about Kenneth Hamilton’s search for employment in the last two paragraphs is included by the author to 　　　　.
A.emphasize the policy of bias in banking institutions of the 1890s
B.illustrate the author’s admiration for her father
C.stress Kenneth Hamilton’s natural ability for cleaning
D.explain how her father came upon his eventual great success
答案　B　[写作目的题。最后一段中作者主要讲述了父亲Kenneth Hamilton在寻找工作时的一段经历。他被送到银行找工作,但当他被递上拖把和水桶时,他选择了离开,这表明他不愿意接受这种他认为不符合自己期望的工作。这一故事突出了Kenneth Hamilton不满足于平庸、追求更高目标的性格特征,体现了作者对父亲的钦佩之情,故选B项。]
12.The passage suggests that the author’s admiration for her father stems from 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
A.his willingness to submit to society’s expectations of him
B.the realistic expectations he placed on his mind and body
C.the imagination by which he undertook his daily assignments
D.his courage in seeking a bank job in the 1890s
答案　B　[推理判断题。文章通过多个例子,如父亲对Paul Robeson的钦佩、父亲拒绝银行给予的拖把和水桶等,展现了父亲不甘于平庸、勇于追求更高目标的品质。特别是最后两段,通过讲述父亲在银行求职时拒绝不符合自己期望的工作,突出了他不受现实期待约束、勇于追求自我价值的特点。而这也使得作者非常钦佩自己的父亲。由此可知,作者父亲这种不受约束追求更高目标的性格使作者钦佩自己的父亲,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
A professional motivational (激励的) speaker is a person who delivers speeches designed to inspire others.　1　 They positively present their ideas and encourage others to follow their way of thinking.
Motivational speakers can be important to others.　2　 After listening to them,the audience become more optimistic (乐观的),believing they can overcome difficulties and find happiness in their own life.Thus,many people can benefit from motivational speakers.With good demand for motivational speakers in the market,many people want to be one of them.
　3　 They can get satisfaction and pride from knowing they have helped others learn something.Besides,they’re often respected and honored by others.And they tend to be considered experts in a certain area where their words are valued.What’s more,they often find it easy to earn a living.
If you want to be a professional motivational speaker,firstly,be aware that such people have certain skills.The top ones include good communication,high confidence,good time management,etc.Developing these skills can take a long time and hard practice.　4　
Moreover,becoming a motivational speaker is more about experience than education.　5　 But it’s also true that many do not.Being successful in the field is often the result of facing an unexpected challenge,overcoming it,and finding an inspiring story worthy of sharing with an audience.
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.Thus they love to be motivational speakers.
C.So you need to be patient and strong willed.
D.These people are gifted in the art of persuasion.
E.Certainly,many speakers have a university degree.
F.Professional motivational speakers achieve a lot in their work.
G.They often bring hope to an audience facing various problems.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专业励志演讲者的角色、影响及成为励志演讲者的条件和好处,强调了技能和经验的重要性。
1.D　[上下文说明了励志演说家的作用,即他们如何影响听众,空处承上启下,说明这类人的特点。D选项中的“These people”指代上文提到的“A professional motivational speaker”,且“are gifted in the art of persuasion”说明他们擅长说服别人,与下文“encourage others to follow their way of thinking”相呼应,故选D项。]
2.G　[上文“励志演讲者对他人来说很重要”及下文“听了这些之后,观众变得更加乐观,相信自己能够克服困难并在自己的生活中找到幸福”说明励志演讲者的作用,空处对上文进行举例说明并承接下文。G选项中的“They”指代上文提到的“Motivational speakers”,且“bring hope to an audience facing various problems”说明他们给观众带来希望,与下文“the audience become more optimistic (乐观的)”相呼应,故选G项。]
3.F　[下文说明了成为专业励志演说家的一些好处,空处总结概括本段内容应该是有关这一职业的成就,F选项“专业的励志演说家会在其工作中取得很大的成就”概括了下文几点优势,符合语境,故选F项。]
4.C　[上文说明培养技能并不容易,需要时间和练习,空处承接上文,提醒读者培养这些技能需要具备的品质,C选项“所以你需要有耐心和坚强的意志”正是这样的提醒,符合语境,故选C项。]
5.E　[上文说明经验比教育更重要,空处需要一个既能对上文作补充说明,承认许多演说家确实有高学历,又能引出下文“But it’s also true that many do not.”的句子。E选项“当然,许多演说家都拥有大学学位。”承认了许多演说家确实有高等教育背景,与下文形成转折关系,符合语境,故选E项。](共82张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Part 1　Reading Comprehension
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The passage is mainly about an ex-millionaire called Jason Harley who chose to give up the lifestyle of a rich man and give away all his money to charities.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Angela Johnson wanted to find out whether money was a symbol of success.
B.Angela Johnson wondered what other forms of success could be found.
C.Jason Harley,a millionaire,was tired of living a rich and fulfilled life.
D.Jason Harley,an ex-millionaire,was pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.
√
2.Read the passage and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.1)　 A.Jason Harley’s attitude to the change.
Part 2 (para.2) 　 B.The reason for Jason Harley’s change.
Part 3 (para.3) 　 C.Jason Harley’s feelings after the change.
Part 4 (para.4) 　 D.The change of Jason Harley’s lifestyle.
Part 5(paras.5 & 6) E.Different attitudes towards money.
答案　Part 1 E　Part 2 D　Part 3 A　Part 4 B　Part 5 C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Who Jason,a college ①　　　　　　 with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of ②　　　　　　 dollars 16 years ago.
Why ·He was tired of being regarded as living ③　　　　　　　, as a person who had everything while others had nothing.
·He wanted to live ④　　　　　　　　 and be helpful to others and felt very ⑤　　　　　　 being a rich man without doing anything.
What He made the choice to give all his money away.
professor
two million
a successful life
simply
guilty
How ·He gave away all his money away to ⑥　　　　　　.
·Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to ⑦　　　　　　　　.
Result ·He’s much ⑧　　　　　　 now,because he is living according to his values.
·Success is not ⑨　　　　　　　 by how much money you have but by how you understand the true ⑩_____________
of life.
charities
homeless people
happier
measured
meaning
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the meaning of the phrase “turned their backs on” in the first paragraph
A.Ignored. B.Betrayed.
C.Given up. D.Turned over.
√
2.What might most people do to keep the sense of achieved success
A.Dream up ways of getting rich.
B.Become a millionaire quickly.
C.Find other forms of success.
D.Work hard constantly.
√
3.What can we infer about the attitude of most people
A.They can’t live a free life without enough money.
B.They can avoid all the worries with enough money.
C.The true meaning of life has nothing to do with money.
D.The true meaning of life comes from the ability to earn money.
√
4.What is Jason’s attitude to success
A.Fame is success.
B.Money is success.
C.Having a well-paid job is success.
D.Finding true meaning in life is success.
√
5.How does the author develop the last two paragraphs
A.By analyzing cause and effect.
B.By giving specific examples.
C.By comparison.
D.By introducing an interesting phenomenon.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect,and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich.
[学会断句]　本句中包含两个定语从句和一个由　　　　　　引导的条件状语从句。they expect是定语从句,先行词为　　　　　　;they will do也是定语从句,先行词为　　　　　　,关系词在从句中作　　　　,故省略。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
once
success
things
宾语
他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法,另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。
2.Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
[学会断句]　本句是一个表示顺承关系的并列句,由　　　　　　连接。第二个分句中又包含一个由　　　　　　引导的宾语从句,其中having only a little money为动词-ing形式短语作　　　　　。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
and
that
主语
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
Jason Harley used to be a millionaire,but today he lives in a small dormitory room 1.　　　　　　 only second-hand furniture.He gets all his clothes and other things by 2.　　　　　　 (shop) in charity shops.“3.　　　　　　 I want is living in a simple way.Seeing so many people in trouble,I feel worried and 4.　　　　　　 (guilt),” he said.So Jason was 5.　　　　　　 (please) to give up the lifestyle of a rich man and made the choice 6.　　　　　　 (give) all his money away,which brought him 7.　　　　　　 (happy).
with
shopping
What
guilty
pleased
to give
happiness
Most people believe when they are living 8.___________________
(comfortable),they will not have any worries.9.　　　　　　,most people never feel they have earned enough.Jason Harley decided to drop out and he discovered that having only a little money 10.　　　　　 (make) him free.
comfortably
However
made
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire[1] is a symbol① of success and they set this as② their ultimate③ goal.They spend half of their time dreaming up④ ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect[2],and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do[3] once they become rich[4].But do all millionaires get the sense of success⑤ they were looking for after they achieve their
[原文呈现]
goals Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy⑥,but then they need to continue making money so they don’t lose the sense of success they have achieved.However,there are people who have turned their backs on⑦ their millions and found other forms of success in their lives.Jason Harley is one example.
[1]动词-ing形式短语作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。
[2]省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词 success。
[3]省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词all the things。
[4] once引导条件状语从句,在此作连词用,意为“一旦……”。
Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor⑧ with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune⑨ of two million dollars.Today he lives in a small dormitory⑩ room with only second-hand furniture .There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man[5]!There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees,which Jason enjoys taking care of[6].He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers.He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
[5] that引导同位语从句,作signs的同位语。
[6] which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词fruit trees。
But Jason appreciates this change.He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing[7].He made the choice to give all his money away [8].And this,he said,brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
[7] as与前面的regarded连用,意为“作为”;who引导的定语从句修饰先行词person;while在此意为“而,然而”。
[8]不定式短语作the choice的同位语。
“I don’t need a lot of money.I don’t want to buy more things.I have enough,”said Jason.“What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.[9] A few years ago,I was a millionaire,but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year,and there were places with no schools and no teachers.So many people could never go to school.They didn’t have the chance to learn and get on in life.This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything[10].”
[9]what引导主语从句。并列的不定式短语作表语,be helpful前省略to。
[10]动词-ing形式短语作原因状语。
Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars[11],he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.“It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before[12],” said Jason.“Sure,many people think that ‘success’ means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job.But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life.”
[11]whenever在此意为“每当”,引导时间状语从句。
[12]that在此引导定语从句,修饰前面两个并列的先行词。that在从句中作宾语。
　　Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money,they will have no worries.However,most people never feel they have earned enough.Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.Are there any things he misses from his past “No,I’m much happier now,because I am living according to my values.Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.[13]”
[13]该句包含“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”,两个介词by后各接一个how引导的宾语从句。“not...but...”连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
[名师圈点]
①symbol / s mb l/ n.象征,标志;符号
be a symbol of... 是……的象征
②set...as... 把……设置为……
③ultimate / lt m t/ adj.最后的,最终的
ultimate goal最终目标
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最终,最后
④dream up凭空想出,虚构出
⑤the sense of success成功感
the sense of achievement成就感
⑥wealthy / welθi/ adj.富裕的,富有的
wealth /welθ/ n.财富;富有
⑦turn one’s back on抛弃,背弃
⑧professor /pr fes / n.教授
⑨fortune / f t n/ n.大笔的钱,巨款;(个人的)命运;机会,运气
make a/one’s fortune发财
seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路
⑩dormitory / d m t ri/ n.寝室,学生宿舍
second-hand furniture二手家具
second-hand / sek nd h nd/ adj.旧的,二手的,用过的
furniture / f n t / n.家具
a piece of furniture一件家具
charity / t r ti/ n.慈善机构;慈善
charity shop n.慈善商店(通过出售捐赠的衣物等募集慈善资金)
appreciate / pri ie t/ vt.欣赏;赏识;感激
give away赠送
hunger / h ɡ / n.饥饿,饥荒
guilty / ɡ lti/ adj.内疚的,羞愧的;犯罪的
guilt /ɡ lt/ n.内疚;有罪
feel guilty about... 对……感到内疚
be guilty of... 犯有……罪
[反义]innocent
bank note纸币,钞票(=note)
earn / n/ vt.& vi.挣得,赚得 vt.赢得
earn money=make money
drop out退出,脱离;辍学
measure / me (r)/ vt.衡量;测量 n.尺度,标准;措施,方法
[参考译文]　　安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利
对于很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,并且他们将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法,另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是,百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗 有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作,变得富有,但他们需要继续赚钱,这样才不会丧失已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了百万家财,找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
十六年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一套六居室的大房子和两百万美元的巨款。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。显然没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人! 房子外面有一个小花园,种了几棵果树,詹森很喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。
但是詹森很欣赏这种改变。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
“我不需要很多钱,也不想再买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了。”詹森说,“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前,我是百万富翁,但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿,而且有些地方没有学校和老师。很多人永远不能上学,他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我非常担心,作为一位富人不能有所作为,我感到非常内疚。”
因此,他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过两千美元时,他就会把小额钞票赠送给当地街道上无家可归的人。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。”詹森说,“当然,很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。”
大多数人相信,当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时,就可以高枕无忧了。但是,大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。 和过去相比,他错过了什么吗 “不,现在我更开心,因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱,而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。”
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
I grew up in a poor family.This was something I did not realize until I was older.I thought everyone in the city took the bus,because everyone in my neighborhood took the bus.I thought everyone in the city used the food bank,because all my friends’ cupboards were filled with the same government-labeled food that filled my cupboards.We all wore hand-me-down clothes.
Grocery shopping was my first experience understanding that my family was a little different.My mom used paper money that looked different from the paper money others in line were using. However,one day,I asked my mom why our money looked different. She said because we did not have real money to buy food,so the government helped us.
In high school,I was still embarrassed and wished we were not so poor,but I loved my mom and the other members of my family and knew we had things to be proud of.My mother who was a great woman with wisdom taught me how to love and told me to believe in myself.Growing up in poverty taught me perseverance (毅力).I have always believed in myself and my abilities.I knew I could focus on school and build a life that looked different from my childhood.
As I became a man,I thought my experiences are very useful and vital! It taught me to be resilient (有韧性的),and how to respect people for who they are as an individual—and not by what they have.I think there are a lot of fixed images placed on those experiencing poverty that do not actually come from the people experiencing it.These judgments come from people on the outside trying not to look into the experience.Hardworking,trustworthy,reliable,clean,efficient,successfu
l and disciplined are all words not typically associated with poverty. But those words are very much shown by those experiencing poverty! Therefore,I am glad to say I am really proud to be who I am and proud of where I’m from!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自贫穷家庭的作者学习智慧的母亲的优秀品质,从贫穷中坚毅成长的故事。
1.Why did the mom use different paper money in the shop from the paragraph 2
A.To show their uniqueness.
B.To get the extra award.
C.To buy food without real money.
D.To support the government.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“My mom used paper money...the government helped us.”可知,妈妈在商店里使用了不同的纸币是为了没有真钱也能买食物,故选C项。
√
2.What can we learn about the mom from Paragraph 3
A.She was wise. B.She was nervous.
C.She was frightened. D.She was negative.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“My mother who was a great...told me to believe in myself.”可知,妈妈是充满智慧的,故选A项。
√
3.What’s the author’s feeling towards his experience when he became a man
A.Unhappy. B.Disappointed.
C.Grateful. D.Abnormal.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“Hardworking,trustworthy, reliable,clean...proud of where I’m from!”可知,作者介绍了自己从贫穷中所学到的东西,由此可推知作者是感激的,故选C项。
√
4.Which title is the best for the text
A.Lessons from Struggling for Dreams
B.Lessons from Growing Up Poor
C.Poor Means Stupid
D.My Poor Childhood
解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段以及文章主旨(“我”虽来自贫穷的家庭,但从贫穷中学会了自信和坚持)可知,B选项“从贫穷成长中所学到的教训”最符合文章标题,故选B项。
√
B
Eugene Newman Parker,a leading figure in heliospheric (日球层的) physics for the past half century,passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar.15.He was 94.
Acknowledged as a visionary in the field of heliophysics,Parker changed our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr.Eugene Parker”.In 2018,Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”,a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun.It can become violent,causing space weather that impacts the Earth.When Parker’s research was published in 1958,his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空),and was thus completely empty of any matter.But,there were no errors in his study or his calculations,and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962,when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers:“If you do something new or innovative,expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong,you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students,thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble,straightforward,and wise.His son Eric said,“My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death,they traveled to Lund,Sweden,to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了太阳物理学的领军人物——尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。
5.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B.The sun has less effect on Earth than expected.
C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D.NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Acknowledged as a visionary in...within the solar system.”以及“NASA even stated that...of Dr.Eugene Parker’.”可知,帕克对整个太阳物理学领域做出了极大的贡献,他是值得赞扬的,故选C项。
√
6.Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A.Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
B.It went against the popular opinion at that time.
C.The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D.Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“When Parker’s research was published...by the scientific community.”以及“The general view at the...completely empty of any matter.”可知,人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度是因为它违背了当时的主流观点,故选B项。
√
7.What advice did Parker often give to young researchers
A.Expect challenges and critically evaluate your work.
B.Stick to conventional methods to minimize risks.
C.Depend on your professor for decision-making.
D.Cooperate frequently to ensure success.
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to...the first one to know that.”可知,帕克给年轻人的建议是,做创新工作难免遇到麻烦,但要批判性地思考,由此可知,帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议是做好面对挑战的准备并且批判性地评估你的工作,故选A项。
√
8.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A.Responsible and accessible.
B.Straightforward and generous.
C.Distinguished yet modest.
D.Intelligent yet peculiar.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Acknowledged as a visionary in...bodies within the solar system.”可知,帕克是一位有杰出成就的人,结合最后一段中“Parker was humble,straightforward,and wise. (帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知,帕克是杰出但谦逊的,故选C项。
√
C
Like many Americans,my father,Kenneth Hamilton,must have heard Paul Robeson sing over the radio at one time or another.He must have read about Robeson’s extraordinary feats of daring and skill on the football fields of Rutgers.“I imagine,” he would begin, “that Mr.Paul Robeson woke up one morning to find there was more to the day than playing football.I know I did (my father played football for Iowa State).I imagine he looked around him.He saw that plenty of his people already were preachers;there were enough morticians (殡仪业者) to reach from here to kingdom to come.I imagine Mr.Robeson decided then and there he would be what there never had been before.And he was.”
I don’t recall Kenneth Hamilton ever saying what it was Paul Robeson became besides a football star.But surely he was referring to Robeson’s powerful singing voice.Yet what came through clearly to me at the time was this:If one were to become anything,it would have to be not only the best but wholly original,a new idea.This concept sank deep into my consciousness.Imperceptibly (不知不觉地),I grow up yearning for the unusual,seeking something unique in myself.I longed not just to write,but to newly write and like no one else. Kenneth Hamilton wanted no less for his youngest child.
“Like no one else,” he had been no less himself.Graduating from Iowa State Business College in the early 1890s when it was an achievement when a black man completed high school,he began his search for employment.
One day,the banker for whom his mother worked as a cook asked that young Kenneth be sent around to the bank,where there was a suitable job for him.He hurried over to the bank,absolutely amazed at this sudden stroke of luck.Dressed in starched collar and gray business suit,he wondered what he would become.
Kenneth Hamilton walked directly into the bank and was promptly handed a mop and a bucket.He threw both the length of the establishment and turned on his heel,never to return.Perhaps he should have accepted that first mop and bucket,but I’m rather glad his imagination wouldn’t permit him.For now I have pleasure of remembering him as a man who would not allow mind or body to be limited by another’s reality.I could have wanted no less for a father.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父亲因对Paul Robeson的敬仰,在自己的生活中也不甘于平庸,而父亲的追求最终也影响了作者的人生观的故事。
9.According to the first paragraph,Kenneth Hamilton and Paul Robeson were similar because they 　　　　.
A.were both talented singers
B.both played football for Iowa State
C.both had aspirations for things greater than collegiate sports
D.both,at one time,aspired to be preachers
√
解析　推理判断题。在第一段中,作者描述了父亲Kenneth Hamilton对Paul Robeson的钦佩,特别是Robeson不仅在橄榄球场上表现出色,而且他还追求了比橄榄球更伟大的事物。而作者的父亲也对橄榄球有兴趣,并且两人都有其他的成就。由此可推断出他们的相似之处在于都对超出大学体育运动的事物有抱负,故选C项。
10.Which of the following best exemplifies what the author refers to as the “wholly original,a new idea” in paragraph 2
A.The author’s resolve to be unlike any other writer.
B.The author’s choice to write about her past experiences.
C.Kenneth Hamilton’s decision to play football.
D.Paul Robeson’s determination that he would not be a preacher.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,作者提到自己不仅渴望写作,还渴望以一种全新的方式写作,并且希望与众不同。选项A最能体现“完全原创,新的想法”这一概念,故选A项。
√
11.The story about Kenneth Hamilton’s search for employment in the last two paragraphs is included by the author to 　　　　.
A.emphasize the policy of bias in banking institutions of the 1890s
B.illustrate the author’s admiration for her father
C.stress Kenneth Hamilton’s natural ability for cleaning
D.explain how her father came upon his eventual great success
√
解析　写作目的题。最后一段中作者主要讲述了父亲Kenneth Hamilton在寻找工作时的一段经历。他被送到银行找工作,但当他被递上拖把和水桶时,他选择了离开,这表明他不愿意接受这种他认为不符合自己期望的工作。这一故事突出了Kenneth Hamilton不满足于平庸、追求更高目标的性格特征,体现了作者对父亲的钦佩之情,故选B项。
12.The passage suggests that the author’s admiration for her father stems from 　　　　.
A.his willingness to submit to society’s expectations of him
B.the realistic expectations he placed on his mind and body
C.the imagination by which he undertook his daily assignments
D.his courage in seeking a bank job in the 1890s
√
解析　推理判断题。文章通过多个例子,如父亲对Paul Robeson的钦佩、父亲拒绝银行给予的拖把和水桶等,展现了父亲不甘于平庸、勇于追求更高目标的品质。特别是最后两段,通过讲述父亲在银行求职时拒绝不符合自己期望的工作,突出了他不受现实期待约束、勇于追求自我价值的特点。而这也使得作者非常钦佩自己的父亲。由此可知,作者父亲这种不受约束追求更高目标的性格使作者钦佩自己的父亲,故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
A professional motivational (激励的) speaker is a person who delivers speeches designed to inspire others.　1　 They positively present their ideas and encourage others to follow their way of thinking.
Motivational speakers can be important to others.　2　 After listening to them,the audience become more optimistic (乐观的),believing they can overcome difficulties and find happiness in their own life.Thus,many people can benefit from motivational speakers.With good demand for motivational speakers in the market,many people want to be one of them.
　3　 They can get satisfaction and pride from knowing they have helped others learn something.Besides,they’re often respected and honored by others.And they tend to be considered experts in a certain area where their words are valued.What’s more,they often find it easy to earn a living.
If you want to be a professional motivational speaker,firstly,be aware that such people have certain skills.The top ones include good communication,high confidence,good time management,etc. Developing these skills can take a long time and hard practice.　4　
Moreover,becoming a motivational speaker is more about experience than education.　5　 But it’s also true that many do not.Being successful in the field is often the result of facing an unexpected challenge,overcoming it,and finding an inspiring story worthy of sharing with an audience.
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.Thus they love to be motivational speakers.
C.So you need to be patient and strong-willed.
D.These people are gifted in the art of persuasion.
E.Certainly,many speakers have a university degree.
F.Professional motivational speakers achieve a lot in their work.
G.They often bring hope to an audience facing various problems.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专业励志演讲者的角色、影响及成为励志演讲者的条件和好处,强调了技能和经验的重要性。
1.D　[上下文说明了励志演说家的作用,即他们如何影响听众,空处承上启下,说明这类人的特点。D选项中的“These people”指代上文提到的“A professional motivational speaker”,且“are gifted in the art of persuasion”说明他们擅长说服别人,与下文“encourage others to follow their way of thinking”相呼应,故选D项。]
2.G　[上文“励志演讲者对他人来说很重要”及下文“听了这些之后,观众变得更加乐观,相信自己能够克服困难并在自己的生活中找到幸福”说明励志演讲者的作用,空处对上文进行举例说明并承接下文。G选项中的“They”指代上文提到的“Motivational speakers”,且“bring hope to an audience facing various problems”说明他们给观众带来希望,与下文“the audience become more optimistic (乐观的)”相呼应,故选G项。]
3.F　[下文说明了成为专业励志演说家的一些好处,空处总结概括本段内容应该是有关这一职业的成就,F选项“专业的励志演说家会在其工作中取得很大的成就”概括了下文几点优势,符合语境,故选F项。]
4.C　[上文说明培养技能并不容易,需要时间和练习,空处承接上文,提醒读者培养这些技能需要具备的品质,C选项“所以你需要有耐心和坚强的意志”正是这样的提醒,符合语境,故选C项。]
5.E　[上文说明经验比教育更重要,空处需要一个既能对上文作补充说明,承认许多演说家确实有高学历,又能引出下文“But it’s also true that many do not.”的句子。E选项“当然,许多演说家都拥有大学学位。”承认了许多演说家确实有高等教育背景,与下文形成转折关系,符合语境,故选E项。]Part 2　Language Points
(Topic Talk & Lesson 1 & Lesson 2)
[核心单词·练通]
1.symbol / sImb l/ n.象征,标志
2.professor /pr fes / n.教授
3.dormitory / d m t ri/ n.寝室,学生宿舍
4.furniture / f nIt / n.家具
[拓展单词·用活]
1.comfortably / k mft bli/ adv.舒服地,舒适地→comfort n.舒适;安慰 vt.使舒适;安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的,舒适的→
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
2.fortune / f t n/ n.大笔的钱,巨款→
fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→
fortunately adv.幸运地;吉利地
3.appreciate / pri ieIt/ vt.欣赏;赏识→
appreciative adj.欣赏的;感激的→
appreciation n.欣赏;感激
4.hunger / h ɡ / n.饥饿,饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的
5.guilty / ɡIlti/ adj.内疚的,羞愧的→guilt n.内疚;有罪
[阅读单词·识记]
1.millionaire / mIlj ne / n.百万富翁
2.ultimate / lt m t/ adj.最后的,最终的
[重点短语·再现]
1.give away 赠送;捐赠;泄露
2.drop out 退出,脱离;辍学
3.dream up 凭空想出
4.turn one’s back on/upon 背弃;抛弃
5.be tired of 厌烦
6.be regarded as 被认为是
7.get on 发迹;出人头地
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　动词 ing形式短语作主语
[教材原句]　For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
对于很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,并且他们将此作为最终目标。
2.[句型公式]　while作并列连词
[教材原句]　He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。
3.[句型公式]　not...but...
[教材原句]　Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱,而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。
4.[句型公式]　whenever引导时间状语从句
[教材原句]　Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.
每当他的钱超过两千美元时,他就会把小额钞票赠送给当地街道上无家可归的人。
5.[句型公式]　what引导主语从句
[教材原句]　What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.
我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。
核心单词练透
1.determined adj.坚定的,坚决的
教材原文　be passionate and determined about what you do对你所做的事充满激情和决心
感知　语言先输入
①The determined look in her eyes conveyed her determination to succeed.
②We are determined to follow the examples of excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful to the society.
③I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
(2)determine vt.　　　　 决定;决心
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)
(3)determination n. 决心;决定
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Their success is due in large part to their determination (determine).
②She’s determined (determine) to put her new ideas into practice.
③She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was risky,but she determined to take a chance/determined on/upon taking a chance.
她认为去陌生人家是冒险的,但她决定碰碰运气。
④Determined to study hard,he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
决心努力学习,他在墙上凿了个洞,从邻居家“偷”光来在晚上读书。
2.committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的
教材原文　You’ve seemed very committed to your studies recently.你最近似乎对学习很投入。
感知　语言先输入
①With the help of their father,the twins were committed to making delicious breakfast.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English,which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 献身于/致力于(做)某事
(2)commit v. 做(坏事);犯(罪或错);承诺;忠于,投入;花(钱或时间)
commit time/money to (doing) sth 在(做)某事上花时间/钱
commit oneself to 投入到……,献身于……
(3)commitment n. 投入,奉献;承诺
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence,he is committed to studying on a daily basis.I deeply believe that his commitment does pay off sooner or later.(commit)
②Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to commit myself to being a man of value/be committed to being a man of value.(短文投稿,2023·全国甲卷)
范仲淹是一个榜样,他总是激励我致力于做一个有价值的人。
③I realized how committed I am to art and how it can help express my feelings.(活动介绍,2024·新课标卷)
我意识到自己对艺术的热爱是多么坚定,以及它能如何帮助我表达我的感受。
3.fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款
教材原文　Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.
十六年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一套六居室的大房子和两百万美元的巨款。
感知　语言先输入
①These two brothers decided to go to America to seek/try their fortune.
②The deal,to be completed next week,will allow Charney to make a great fortune in the stock market.
③I am fortunate to live in a dormitory where everyone gets along well with others.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)seek/try one’s fortune　 碰运气;寻出路
make a fortune 发财,赚钱
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的;侥幸的(=lucky)
be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事
it is fortunate that... 幸运的是……
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(=luckily)
[名师指津]　fortune作名词且意为“机会;运气”时,是不可数名词;作“大笔的钱”时,是可数名词。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Unfortunately (fortunate),there is no magic list I can offer.
②In China,children are given money in a red envelope symbolizing good fortune in the New Year,which indicates that they may have the good fortune/be fortunate to succeed in many ways.(节日介绍)
在中国,新年时孩子们会收到象征好运的红包,预示着他们能有幸在很多方面获得成功。
③幸运的是,我们及时赶到了机场。
→We were fortunate to arrive at the airport in time.(be fortunate to do...)
→It was fortunate that we arrived at the airport in time.(it is fortunate that...)
→Fortunately,we arrived at the airport in time.(fortunately)
4.appreciate vt.欣赏;赏识
教材原文　But Jason appreciates this change.但是詹森很欣赏这种改变。
感知　语言先输入
①I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.
②I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation.I’m looking forward to your early reply.(邀请信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)appreciate+名词/代词/动词 ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……,我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n.　　　 欣赏;感激
in appreciation of 感激……
(3)appreciative adj. 感激的;欣赏的
[名师指津]　当appreciate、hate、dislike、love、like、depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时,一般先加形式宾语it,再接宾语从句。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.(求助信)
②The new employees appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work with the famous professor.
③I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favour.(全国Ⅰ卷)
假如您能帮我一个忙,我将不胜感激。
④Successfully,I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class,which has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
我成功地在我们班级的几次英语活动中给她帮了忙,这受到了老师和同学们的赞赏。
5.devote vt.把……奉献给;专心致力于
教材原文　For more than 50 years,he has devoted his life to rice production and...
五十多年来,他专心致力于水稻产量研究,并且……
感知　语言先输入
Responsible and devoted to/devoting himself to community work,he is praised by the people around.(全国Ⅰ卷)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)devote...to 把……用于/献身于/致力于……
devote oneself to 献身于;致力于;专心于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的;全心全意的
be devoted to (doing) sth 深爱;专心于……;奉献于……
(3)devotion n. 关爱;关照;奉献;忠诚
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and devotion (devote).
②I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects,while he developed the scientific model.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我决定全身心投入到研究课题的工作中,而他则研发了科学模型。
③I devoted a lot of time to capturing the colors and reflections,and I was quite pleased with the result.(活动介绍,2024·新课标卷)
我花了很多时间去捕捉颜色和倒影,结果让我很满意。
6.reject vt.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
教材原文　Luckily for Harry Potter fans,the author J.K.Rowling didn’t listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who rejected her books.
让《哈利·波特》的粉丝感到幸运的是作者J.K.罗琳没有听拒收其书稿的十二个出版商的负面评论。
感知　语言先输入
①I don’t know why they rejected admitting Jane into the club.
②Today,I got a rejection letter from a college I didn’t apply to.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)reject doing sth 　　　 拒绝做某事
(2)rejection n. 拒绝
a rejection letter 回绝信
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection (reject).
②She rejected doing the project alone and asked for a partner.
她拒绝独自完成这个项目,要求找一个合作伙伴。
③Why did you reject my suggestion
你为什么拒绝我的建议
7.limit vt.& n.限制,限定
教材原文　...it mentions effective daily practices such as making to do lists and limiting time on social networking and other distractions.
……它提到一些有效的日常习惯,如制定待办事项清单、限制在社交网络及其他让人分心的事物上花的时间等。
感知　语言先输入
①We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.
②There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
③Without friends,your world would be limited to wilderness.(主旨升华)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)limit...to...　　　　　 把……限制在……内
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
within the limits of 在……范围内
set a limit to/on sth 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
be limited to 限于,局限于
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①Since the new models are expensive,they’re likely to appeal only to a limited (limit) market.
②There is a limit to one’s life,but no limit to serving the people.
人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
③To be healthy,you should also set a limit to/on the time of workout,just as the specialist told you.
为了健康,你也应该像专家告诉你的那样,对锻炼时间设定一个限制。
④You are required to limit your essay to 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit,it will not be accepted.(通知)
要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度,将不被录用。
8.convince vt.说服;使确信
教材原文　Mm,you’ve convinced me to read this book!嗯,你已说服我阅读这本书啦!
感知　语言先输入
①To convince my friend to try a new cuisine,I shared with him a few delicious recipes from the region.
②You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
③I’m fully convinced that with the tips above we will become smart online learners.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的;深信的
be convinced of... 坚信……
be convinced that... 坚信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The ending of the novel is a little too simple to be convincing (convince).
②I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.(主旨升华)
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
③I hope to convince my classmates to join me for more outdoor painting sessions in the future.(邮件,2024·新课标卷)
我希望将来能说服我的同学们一起参加更多的户外绘画课程。
④I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。
片段巩固(追逐梦想)　用determined;committed;fortune;appreciate;reject;limit;convince完成片段
　　在一个阳光明媚的早晨,李明决心追逐自己的梦想。他满怀希望地走进艺术学校。知道自己必须全心投入才能脱颖而出,他勇敢面对挑战。每当怀疑涌上心头,他都会拒绝放弃的念头,说服自己继续前进。每一次失败都让他更加珍惜成功的价值。他明白,自己的命运掌握在自己手中,唯有通过奉献才能突破一切限制。
On a bright morning,Li Ming 1.was determined to chase his dream.He walked into the art school with a heart full of hope.Knowing 2.that he had to be fully committed to stand out (宾语从句),he faced challenges bravely.Whenever doubts crept in,he would 3.reject the idea of giving up and 4.convince himself to keep pushing forward.Each failure made him 5.appreciate the value of success even more.He understood that 6.his fortune lay in his hands,and only through dedication 7.could he break any limits (倒装句).
短语句式通关　
1.make sense有意义;解释得通
教材原文　Yes,that makes a lot of sense.是的,那太有意义了。
感知　语言先输入
①It took me quite a few minutes to make sense of what he meant.
②In no sense should you lose heart;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(建议信)
③There’s no sense in worrying about it now.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)make sense of　 理解;明白
make no sense 没意义
It makes (no) sense to do sth 做某事(没)有道理/意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面;就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时,句子用部分倒装)
There is no/little sense in doing sth 做某事没道理
运用　完成句子/词汇升级
①We read it through,but could not make sense of it.　我们从头到尾读了一遍,但不明白它说些什么。
②It was an average day in terms of weather,but the scenery was so inspiring that it made sense to create something special.(邮件,2024·新课标卷)
那天的天气算不上特别好,但风景如此迷人,让我觉得创作一些特别的作品是很有意义的。
③Furthermore,you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which can help you understand the poems to be learned.
→Furthermore,you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which can help you make sense of the poems to be learned.
2.get on发迹;出人头地
教材原文　They didn’t have the chance to learn and get on in life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
感知　语言先输入
①He isn’t good at talking but he gets on well with other people.
②After getting off the train,we got into the car and headed for the airport.
③I tried to get in touch with Peter,but I couldn’t get through to him.
记牢　知识再梳理
get off　　　　　　　　　 下(车、船等)
get into 进入;陷入
get through 完成;(电话)打通;到达;度过,熬过
get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做某事
get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)
运用　完成句子
①I am tired of the partner I have been working with because he is hard to get on with.
我很讨厌这个与我一直在一起工作的伙伴,因为他很难相处。
②Parents are always anxious for their children to get on.
父母总是急切地盼望孩子们出人头地。
③You’d better get down to doing your homework quickly,or you will miss the deadline.
你最好赶快开始做作业,否则你会错过最后期限的。
④I want you to get into a whole new state of mind.　我想让你进入一种全新的心态。
3.drop out退出,脱离;辍学
教材原文　Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
感知　语言先输入
①We were passing by the museum,so we decided to drop in and see the new exhibit.
②I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.
③The Hope Project is designed to help those children who have to drop out of school because of poverty.
记牢　知识再梳理
drop in/round/by 　　　 顺便拜访
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人
drop out of 从……中退出
运用　完成句子
①Next time you are in Guangzhou,please drop in on me.　下次来广州请一定来看我。
②Drop in/round/by when you are free.
有空就顺便来坐坐。
③She started on engineering degree but dropped out after only a year.
她开始攻读工程学学位,但仅一年后就辍学了。
④Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support.
许多学生因为缺乏教学支持而退出了在线课程。
4.句型公式:while作并列连词
教材原文　He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。
感知　语言先输入
①We must strike while the iron is hot.
②While I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.
③At school,some students are outgoing,while some are shy,yet they can be good friends with one another.(学校生活)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候;在……期间”。
(2)引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管;虽然”。
(3)连接两个并列分句(表示对比关系),可译作“而,然而”。
运用　完成句子
①While online learning proves useful,there exist some disadvantages.(发言稿)
尽管网络学习证明是有用的,但也存在一些缺点。
②It bothered me that I was stuck in the pumpkin like a caged animal while my mom was filming my whole embarrassment.(心理描写)
使我心烦的是我像困兽一样困在南瓜中,而妈妈在拍摄着我的糗事。
③David rang up while you were out.
你不在的时候戴维打电话来了。
5.句型公式:动词 ing形式短语作主语
教材原文　Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
感知　语言先输入
①Traveling a long distance means you should take public transportation,but that would be likely to increase the chances of infection.(作主语)
②David suggested selling your house to pay the debt.(作宾语)
③His job is selling cars at the moment.(作表语)
记牢　知识再梳理
动词 ing形式(短语)相当于名词,在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。需要注意的是,单个动词 ing形式(短语)用作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
运用　完成句子
①Washing hands before meals is good for your health.
饭前洗手对你的健康有好处。
②Collecting information about children’s health is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
③After looking at his watch,he hurried to the station.
看了看表之后,他匆忙赶往火车站。
④His favorite hobby is swimming in the ocean.
他最大的爱好是在海里游泳。
6.句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
教材原文　Follow our five secrets and you can do it!遵循我们的五个秘诀,你也能做到!
感知　语言先输入
①Give me a chance,and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.(=If you give me a chance,I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.)
②Go to bed earlier or you’ll be really tired tomorrow.(=If you don’t go to bed earlier,you’ll be really tired tomorrow.)
③Another step and the child will fall into the well.(=If the child takes another step,she/he will fall into the well.)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)“祈使句+and+陈述句”相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”,表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句+or (else)/otherwise+陈述句”相当于“if+否定条件状语从句+主句”。
(3)“名词词组+and+陈述句”。名词词组中通常含有more、another、further、earlier等词,用来叙述肯定的情况。
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换/一句多译
①Start working hard from now on,otherwise/or you’ll regret soon.
②Hurry up or we will be late.
→If you don’t hurry,we will be late.
③If you give me one more chance,I’ll do better.
→One more chance,and I’ll do better.
④如果你努力学习,以后你会感激自己的。
→Work hard,and you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
→If you work hard,you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.(含if条件句的复合句)
→Working hard,you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.(动词 ing形式短语作状语)
片段巩固(走向成功)　用make sense;get on;drop out;while;动词 ing形式短语作主语;“祈使句+and+陈述句”完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　当你真正相信你能实现梦想的时候,追求你的梦想往往才是有意义的。继续你的旅程需要努力和决心。虽然有些人在面对挑战时可能会选择放弃,但那些坚持不懈的人最终会找到通往成功的道路。保持专注,不断前进,你就会看到努力的成果。记住,每一个挑战都是成长的机会,让你更接近梦想。
1.Pursuing your dream can often make sense (动词 ing形式短语作主语) when you truly believe you can achieve it.2.Getting on with your journey requires hard work and determination (动词 ing形式短语作主语).3.While some may choose to drop out (让步状语从句) when faced with challenges,those who keep going will find their path to success at last.4.Stay committed and keep pushing forward,and you will see the results of your efforts (祈使句+and+陈述句).Remember,every challenge is an opportunity for growth,leading you closer to your dream.
高考热点微练　
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet,sound can now create silence.vi.渴望
2.I appreciate your kindness.You’ve been a huge help to me.vt.感激
3.What are your neighbours like Do you get on with them 相处融洽
4.These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.adj.最低的
5.She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.vi.签合同
Ⅱ.选出limit的汉语意思
(
A.
n
.限度
,
限制　B.
n
.极限
,
限量
C.
n
.
(
区域的
)
界限
,
边界　D.
vt
.限制
,
限定
)
1.To succeed,you must limit distractions and focus on your goals.D
2.He reached the limit of his endurance during the marathon,pushing himself to the extreme.B
3.The speed limit on this road is 60 miles per hour,ensuring safety for all drivers.A
4.The garden has a beautiful fence that marks the limit of our property.C
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.You seem to be very enthusiastic (热心的) about his idea.
2.People are not optimistic (乐观的) about the outcome of the talks between the two countries.
3.The young employee (雇员) has got a rise in salary for his excellent work.
4.Red has always been a symbol (象征) of life and boom.
5.We have just bought a lot of new furniture (家具) for the new apartment.
6.The great majority of the players would,of course,sign the contract / k ntr kt/ without hesitation.
7.We should reduce the disadvantages of the Internet to the minimum / mIn m m/.
8.The female headmaster rejected the plan made by the youngest teacher,which made him very angry.
9.Drivers are supposed to limit the speed in the neighborhood because children may be playing there.
10.It is a professor from Peking University who will give us a lecture about physics.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The football player had to quit the career for his injury (injure) in the leg.
2.First of all,you should be a committed (commit) member of the team.
3.He built a hugely successful career through years of hard work and determination (determine).
4.The young couple are very ambitious (ambition) for their child.
5.He settled himself comfortably (comfortable)in his usual chair.
6.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is appreciative (appreciate).
7.My friend was hungry (hunger),so we drove to a shopping mall to get some food.
8.I felt guilty (guilt) about not visiting my parents more often.
9.Thanks to the expert,our rice production (produce) has increased by 20%.
10.The woman is one of the most influential (influence) figures in local politics.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
get on,drop out,be tired of,make sense,give away,dream up
1.Some Internet words can only make sense with the context of Internet.
2.Some ambitious young men decided to try their fortune in big cities,dreaming of getting on.
3.The millionaire was tired of living a rich but meaningless life,so he gave away all his money to charities.
4.There are still many children dropping out of school for various reasons in that country.
5.John shook his head.He was tired of quarrelling with the man.
6.I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.Losing two important players was a big challenge,but she did not lose heart.(动词 ing形式短语作主语)
损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战,但是她没有气馁。
2.What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.(what引导主语从句)
给我印象最深的是,每当我遇到困难时,我的叔叔总是激励我坚持自己的梦想。
3.Use your head,and you will find a way.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
动动脑筋,你就会想出办法的。
4.It’s not what we do in a while that shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.(not...but...)
不是我们一时所做的事而是我们一贯所做的事影响着我们的一生。
5.Whenever he returns to this place,he is happy and contented.(whenever引导时间状语从句)
每当他回到这个地方,他都既高兴又满足。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
The FIFA Women’s World Cup will take place half a world away—in Brazil in 2027—but football mad families can get a fix of the beautiful game far closer to home.If you are inspired to take a football based break with the kids this summer,here are the cities to head to.
Liverpool
As the home of Liverpool FC since the club’s formation in 1892,Anfield is one of the best known football stadiums on the planet.Young fans of the club will find plenty to enjoy on the stadium tour,with many photo opportunities,dressing room access and great views across the city from the top of the Main Stand.The museum,The Liverpool FC Story,includes the Boom Room exhibition,devoted to the club’s 2019/2020 Premier League win.The guided tour takes around 70 minutes.
Munich
Various ex Premier League stars are currently on Bayern Munich’s books,and the club has long been a grand sporting presence.Six times champions of Europe,Germany’s most successful team regularly sells out the ultra modern 75,000 capacity Allianz Arena.Tours include access to the FC Bayern Museum,where countless trophies (奖杯) are on display.
Milan
As the home stadium of both AC Milan and Inter Milan,and a regular venue for internationals,San Siro is a ground with bags of history.Having two resident clubs means double the matches,and a higher likelihood of getting tickets for a game—where the atmosphere can be intense.The guided tour takes around 80 minutes.
Paris
The 80,000 capacity Stade de France has hosted three Champions League finals,a World Cup final and a Euros final,with the likes of Zinedine Zidane and Cristiano Ronaldo winning trophies here.For sports mad kids,however,the appeal doesn’t end there—the same stadium staged the Olympic Games in 2024.The guided tour takes around 90 minutes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在这个夏天和孩子们一起享受足球主题的假期可以前往的四个城市,及每个城市与足球相关的特色。
1.Who is the text intended for
A.A Chinese football fan.
B.A French mother with a kid.
C.A visitor getting to London.
D.A primary school student from Germany.
答案　B　[写作对象题。根据第一段中“If you are inspired to take...the cities to head to.”可知,这篇文章是写给那些想在夏天和孩子们一起享受足球假期的家长的,故选B项。]
2.What can children do on Anfield tour
A.Attend a football match.
B.Buy dresses conveniently.
C.Overlook the city of Liverpool.
D.Enjoy the club’s newly won trophies.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Liverpool部分中“As the home of Liverpool FC...the top of the Main Stand.”可知,在安菲尔德球场之旅中,孩子们可以从主看台顶部俯瞰利物浦市,故选C项。]
3.What do Allianz Arena and Stade de France have in common
A.They offer a guided tour.
B.They have the same size.
C.They can seat a large audience.
D.They have hosted a World Cup final.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Munich部分中“Six times champions of Europe...75,000 capacity Allianz Arena.”和Paris部分中“The 80,000 capacity Stade de France...Ronaldo winning trophies here.”可知,安联球场和法兰西体育场都能容纳很多观众,故选C项。]
B
When you think about who’s responsible for a city’s safety,what people come to mind Police officers,firefighters or emergency response teams Would you put your local meteorologist (气象预报员) in this group That’s the career Ashley Ruiz chose,and she’s now the first female chief meteorologist in Baton Rouge,Louisiana.Ruiz predicts the weather for her community.
In 2020,a tornado hit Ruiz’s hometown of Chattanooga,Tennessee—and,even closer to home,her house.So she said she knew what a lifesaving job this could be.
However,her job isn’t without difficulties.“Hearing people have been injured,like in a big hurricane,is really hard,” she said.“We try our best to predict the weather as best as we can,and we are getting better.But it can always change.”
Ruiz talked about the new and changing weather patterns.She said,“We are absolutely seeing changes in weather,with more intense and more frequent storms,which relate to climate change.” Weather is changing everywhere,as the planet warms.There are more frequent droughts,stronger storms,and increasing temperature changes.This makes predicting the weather difficult.
Ruiz always knew she was interested in weather and how it affected the world.But her path to a career in meteorology wasn’t easy.She said,“I struggled so hard with math and wanted to give up.But I kept pushing and working hard,and now I’m the first woman chief meteorologist in the Baton Rouge TV market.I’m proud of that.” She wants kids to know they should never give up on their education or their dreams.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Ashley Ruiz的职业生涯和个人经历,介绍了她作为气象预报员的工作内容、面临的挑战、对天气变化的看法,以及她如何克服数学难题成为巴吞鲁日首位女性首席气象预报员的经历。
4.Why was the disaster in Ruiz’s hometown mentioned in the text
A.To call on people to prepare for disasters.
B.To introduce Ruiz’s unusual childhood experience.
C.To offer a successful example of weather forecast.
D.To show Ruiz’s understanding of the work of a meteorologist.
答案　D　[写作目的题。文章第二段提到Ruiz家乡发生的灾难是为了展示她对气象预报员工作的理解。她亲身体验了龙卷风对家乡的破坏,因此她深刻理解这份工作的重要性和救命的性质。这一经历使她更加明白作为气象预报员的责任和使命,故选D项。]
5.What is a challenge of predicting the weather according to the text
A.Climate change.
B.People’s injury.
C.Poor technology.
D.Lack of experience.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,气候变化使得天气变得更加难以预测,因此这是预测天气的一个挑战,故选A项。]
6.Which word can best describe Ruiz according to the last paragraph
A.Creative. B.Clever.
C.Hard working. D.World famous.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,Ruiz在数学一科上学得很吃力,但她一直坚持不懈地努力工作,最终成为了巴吞鲁日电视市场的首位女性首席气象预报员。这说明她是一个勤奋努力的人,故选C项。]
7.In which section of a newspaper may the text appear
A.Sports. B.People.
C.Education. D.Health.
答案　B　[文章出处题。本文主要介绍了Ashley Ruiz作为气象预报员的职业生涯和个人经历。这种关于人物成长和成就的文章更适合出现在报纸的“People”(人物)栏目中,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Growing up in a village in southern Nigeria,Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.She 　1　 herself on movie posters,a leading lady in her country’s globally famous film industry—Nollywood.
Three decades later,Ms.Onye 　2　 it—she has indeed become something,though not quite in the way she dreamed.At the Paris Paralympics (残奥会),she 　3　 in shot put (铅球).
Ms.Onye was 　4　 to shot put in her early 20s for the first time,after she moved to Lagos to try to achieve her dream of being a(n) 　5　.To everyone’s surprise,it turned out she 　6　 heaving (投掷) a shot put,however.
In 2011,she 　7　 her country at international competitions.But she had not enough money,and she 　8　 to find the resources to train at a higher level.“I was sometimes training while hungry,” she 　9　.“I once fainted (晕倒) on the track.”
　10　,she kept setting under the guidance of her 　11　 and then breaking her own world record.As a successful athlete,she 　12　 a starring role in the 2015 Nollywood film “Lords of Money”.But her 　13　 career remains more of a side gig (副业) now.She continues to train hard to improve her skills as a world class para shot putter.
Now she is 　14　 to make her coach proud again in the next game,because he was the one who first told her,“You have the 　15　 in you to be great.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼日利亚的残疾人运动员奥涅通过自己的努力,成为了一名铅球运动员,并实现电影梦的故事。
1.A.imagined B.admired
C.noticed D.recommended
答案　A　[根据上文“Growing up in a village in southern Nigeria,Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.”可知,此处指的是她想象着自己出现在电影海报上,故选A项。]
2.A.found B.needed
C.made D.quit
答案　C　[根据下文“she has indeed become something”可知,她确实有所成就,此处指的是她成功了,make it意为“成功或达到目标”,故选C项。]
3.A.competed B.helped
C.trained D.succeeded
答案　A　[根据空格前的“At the Paris Paralympics”可知,她参加了铅球比赛,也就是在铅球比赛中竞争,故选A项。]
4.A.reported B.introduced
C.limited D.used
答案　B　[根据下文“in her early 20s for the first time”可知,此处指的是她第一次接触铅球,故选B项。]
5.A.dancer B.expert
C.shot putter D.star
答案　D　[根据上文“Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.”可知,此处指她试图实现自己的明星梦想,故选D项。]
6.A.put off B.relied on
C.was good at D.was patient with
答案　C　[根据下文“In 2011,she 　　　　her country at international competitions.”可知,此处指的是她擅长铅球,故选C项。]
7.A.chose B.represented
C.changed D.protected
答案　B　[根据下文“But she had not enough money,and she 　　　　to find the resources to train at a higher level.”可知,她寻找资源进行更高水平的训练,是为了代表国家参加国际比赛,故选B项。]
8.A.agreed B.happened
C.continued D.struggled
答案　D　[根据上文“But she had not enough money”可知,她没有足够多的钱,她必须努力寻找资源进行更高水平的训练,故选D项。]
9.A.remembers B.adds
C.repeats D.complains
答案　A　[根据下文“‘I once fainted on the track.’”可知,她曾经在跑道上晕倒,此处是回忆已经发生的事情,故选A项。]
10.A.Besides B.Therefore
C.Meanwhile D.Still
答案　D　[根据上文“‘I was sometimes training while hungry,’ she 　　　　.‘I once fainted(晕倒) on the track.’”与本句“she kept setting...world record”为转折关系,故选D项。]
11.A.parents B.coach
C.partners D.friend
答案　B　[根据下文“and then breaking her own world record”可知,她打破了世界纪录,此处指的应该是在教练的专业指导下进行训练,故选B项。]
12.A.refused B.discovered
C.landed D.missed
答案　C　[根据下文“a starring role in the...‘Lords of Money’”可知,此处指的是在一部电影中担任主演,故选C项。]
13.A.acting B.sporting
C.teaching D.writing
答案　A　[根据上文“As a successful athlete,she 　　　　a starring role in the 2015 Nollywood film ‘Lords of Money’.”可知,她在电影中担任主演,此处指的是演艺生涯,故选A项。]
14.A.led B.supposed
C.determined D.surprised
答案　C　[根据下文“to make her coach proud again in Paris”可知,此处是指决心让她的教练再次感到骄傲,故选C项。]
15.A.idea B.fire
C.pride D.task
答案　B　[根据上文“她决心再次让她的教练感到骄傲”可知,教练说她拥有变得伟大的热情的人,故选B项。](共116张PPT)
Part 2　Language Points
(Topic Talk & Lesson 1 & Lesson 2)
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1.　　　　　　 / sImb l/ n.象征,标志
2.　　　　　　 /pr fes / n.教授
3.　　　　　　 / d m t ri/ n.寝室,学生宿舍
4.　　　　　　 / f nIt / n.家具
symbol
professor
dormitory
furniture
[拓展单词·用活]
1.　　　　　　 / k mft bli/ adv.舒服地,舒适地→comfort n.舒适;安慰 vt.使舒适;安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的,舒适的→ uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
2.　　　　　　 / f t n/ n.大笔的钱,巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地;吉利地
3.　　　　　　 / pri ieIt/ vt.欣赏;赏识→appreciative adj.欣赏的;感激的→ appreciation n.欣赏;感激
4.　　　　　　 / h ɡ / n.饥饿,饥荒→ hungry adj.饥饿的
5.　　　　　　 / ɡIlti/ adj.内疚的,羞愧的→guilt n.内疚;有罪
comfortably
fortune
appreciate
hunger
guilty
[阅读单词·识记]
1.millionaire / mIlj ne / n. 　　　　　
2.ultimate / lt m t/ adj. 　　　　　　　
百万富翁
最后的,最终的
[重点短语·再现]
1.　　　　　　　　 赠送;捐赠;泄露
2.　　　　　　　　 退出,脱离;辍学
3.dream up 　　　　　　　
4.turn one’s back on/upon 　　　　　　　
5.be tired of 　　　　　　　
6.be regarded as 　　　　　　　
7.get on 　　　　　　　
give away
drop out
凭空想出
背弃;抛弃
厌烦
被认为是
发迹;出人头地
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　动词-ing形式短语作主语
[教材原句]　For a lot of people,　　　　　　　　　　　　　
is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
对于很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,并且他们将此作为最终目标。
becoming a millionaire
2.[句型公式]　while作并列连词
[教材原句]　He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。
while many people had
nothing
3.[句型公式]　not...but...
[教材原句]　Success is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱,而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。
not measured by how much money
you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life
4.[句型公式]　whenever引导时间状语从句
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　,
he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.
每当他的钱超过两千美元时,他就会把小额钞票赠送给当地街道上无家可归的人。
Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars
5.[句型公式]　what引导主语从句
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　 is to live simply and be helpful to others.
我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。
What I want
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
短语句式通关
1.determined adj.坚定的,坚决的
教材原文　be passionate and determined about what you do
对你所做的事充满激情和决心
感知　语言先输入
①The determined look in her eyes conveyed her determination to succeed.
②We are determined to follow the examples of excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful to the society.
③I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
(2)determine vt.　　　　 决定;决心
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)
(3)determination n. 决心;决定
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Their success is due in large part to their 　　　　　　 (determine).
②She’s 　　　　　　(determine) to put her new ideas into practice.
③She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was risky,but she
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
她认为去陌生人家是冒险的,但她决定碰碰运气。
determination
determined
determined to take a chance/determined on/upon taking a chance
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
决心努力学习,他在墙上凿了个洞,从邻居家“偷”光来在晚上读书。
Determined to study hard
2.committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的
教材原文　You’ve seemed very committed to your studies recently.
你最近似乎对学习很投入。
感知　语言先输入
①With the help of their father,the twins were committed to making delicious breakfast.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English, which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 献身于/致力于(做)某事
(2)commit v. 做(坏事);犯(罪或错);承诺;忠于,投入;花(钱或时间)
commit time/money to (doing) sth 在(做)某事上花时间/钱
commit oneself to 投入到……,献身于……
(3)commitment n. 投入,奉献;承诺
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence,he is 　　　　　　 to studying on a daily basis.I deeply believe that his 　　　　　　does pay off sooner or later.(commit)
②Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(短文投稿,2023·全国甲卷)
范仲淹是一个榜样,他总是激励我致力于做一个有价值的人。
committed
commitment
commit myself to being a man of value/be committed to being
a man of value
③I realized 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and how it can help express my feelings.(活动介绍,2024·新课标卷)
我意识到自己对艺术的热爱是多么坚定,以及它能如何帮助我表达我的感受。
how committed I am to art
3.fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款
教材原文　Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.
十六年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一套六居室的大房子和两百万美元的巨款。
感知　语言先输入
①These two brothers decided to go to America to seek/try their fortune.
②The deal,to be completed next week,will allow Charney to make a great fortune in the stock market.
③I am fortunate to live in a dormitory where everyone gets along well with others.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)seek/try one’s fortune　 碰运气;寻出路
make a fortune 发财,赚钱
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的;侥幸的(=lucky)
be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事
it is fortunate that... 幸运的是……
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(=luckily)
[名师指津]　fortune作名词且意为“机会;运气”时,是不可数名词;作“大笔的钱”时,是可数名词。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①　　　　　　　　 (fortunate),there is no magic list I can offer.
②In China,children are given money in a red envelope symbolizing
　　　　　　　　　 in the New Year,which indicates that they may
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in many ways.
(节日介绍)
在中国,新年时孩子们会收到象征好运的红包,预示着他们能有幸在很多方面获得成功。
Unfortunately
good fortune
have the good fortune/be fortunate to succeed
③幸运的是,我们及时赶到了机场。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(be fortunate to do...)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(it is fortunate that...)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(fortunately)
We were fortunate to arrive at the airport in time.
It was fortunate that we arrived at the airport in time.
Fortunately,we arrived at the airport in time.
4.appreciate vt.欣赏;赏识
教材原文　But Jason appreciates this change.
但是詹森很欣赏这种改变。
感知　语言先输入
①I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.
②I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation.I’m looking forward to your early reply.(邀请信)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)appreciate+名词/代词/动词-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……,我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏;感激
in appreciation of 感激……
(3)appreciative adj. 感激的;欣赏的
[名师指津]　当appreciate、hate、dislike、love、like、depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时,一般先加形式宾语it,再接宾语从句。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Here I sincerely express my 　　　　　　　　(appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.(求助信)
②The new employees appreciate 　　　　　　　　　 (give) the opportunity to work with the famous professor.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 you could do me a favour.(全国Ⅰ卷)
假如您能帮我一个忙,我将不胜感激。
appreciation
being given
I’d appreciate it if
④Successfully,I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我成功地在我们班级的几次英语活动中给她帮了忙,这受到了老师和同学们的赞赏。
which has been appreciated by both
teachers and my classmates
5.devote vt.把……奉献给;专心致力于
教材原文　For more than 50 years,he has devoted his life to rice production and...
五十多年来,他专心致力于水稻产量研究,并且……
感知　语言先输入
Responsible and devoted to/devoting himself to community work,he is praised by the people around.(全国Ⅰ卷)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)devote...to 把……用于/献身于/致力于……
devote oneself to 献身于;致力于;专心于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的;全心全意的
be devoted to (doing) sth 深爱;专心于……;奉献于……
(3)devotion n. 关爱;关照;奉献;忠诚
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and
　　　　　　(devote).
②I decided 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of working with the subjects,while he developed the scientific model.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我决定全身心投入到研究课题的工作中,而他则研发了科学模型。
devotion
to devote myself to the task
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the colors and reflections,and I was quite pleased with the result.
(活动介绍,2024·新课标卷)
我花了很多时间去捕捉颜色和倒影,结果让我很满意。
devoted a lot of time to capturing
6.reject vt.拒绝接受;拒收;排斥
教材原文　Luckily for Harry Potter fans,the author J.K.Rowling didn’t listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who rejected her books.让《哈利·波特》的粉丝感到幸运的是作者J.K.罗琳没有听拒收其书稿的十二个出版商的负面评论。
感知　语言先输入
①I don’t know why they rejected admitting Jane into the club.
②Today,I got a rejection letter from a college I didn’t apply to.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)reject doing sth 拒绝做某事
(2)rejection n. 拒绝
a rejection letter 回绝信
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of
　　　　　　(reject).
②She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and asked for a partner.
她拒绝独自完成这个项目,要求找一个合作伙伴。
③Why did you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
你为什么拒绝我的建议
rejection
rejected doing the project alone
reject my suggestion
7.limit vt.& n.限制,限定
教材原文　...it mentions effective daily practices such as making to-do lists and limiting time on social networking and other distractions.
……它提到一些有效的日常习惯,如制定待办事项清单、限制在社交网络及其他让人分心的事物上花的时间等。
感知　语言先输入
①We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.
②There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
③Without friends,your world would be limited to wilderness.
(主旨升华)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)limit...to...　　　　　 把……限制在……内
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
within the limits of 在……范围内
set a limit to/on sth 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
be limited to 限于,局限于
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①Since the new models are expensive,they’re likely to appeal only to a 　　　　　　　　 (limit) market.
②There is 　　　　　　　one’s life, but _______________________
serving the people.
人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
③To be healthy,you should also 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
of workout,just as the specialist told you.
为了健康,你也应该像专家告诉你的那样,对锻炼时间设定一个限制。
limited
a limit to
no limit to
set a limit to/on the time
④You are required to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
If your essay is 　　　　　　　　　　　　,it will not be accepted.
(通知)
要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度,将不被录用。
limit your essay to 800 words
beyond the limit
8.convince vt.说服;使确信
教材原文　Mm,you’ve convinced me to read this book!
嗯,你已说服我阅读这本书啦!
感知　语言先输入
①To convince my friend to try a new cuisine,I shared with him a few delicious recipes from the region.
②You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
③I’m fully convinced that with the tips above we will become smart online learners.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的;深信的
be convinced of... 坚信……
be convinced that... 坚信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The ending of the novel is a little too simple to be _______________
(convince).
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.(主旨升华)
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
convincing
I’m firmly convinced of the significance
③I hope to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for more outdoor painting sessions in the future.(邮件,2024·新课标卷)
我希望将来能说服我的同学们一起参加更多的户外绘画课程。
④I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.(2022·浙江1月卷)
我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。
convince my classmates to join me
was greatly convinced that
片段巩固(追逐梦想)
用determined;committed;fortune;appreciate;reject;limit;convince完成片段
　　在一个阳光明媚的早晨,李明决心追逐自己的梦想。他满怀希望地走进艺术学校。知道自己必须全心投入才能脱颖而出,他勇敢面对挑战。每当怀疑涌上心头,他都会拒绝放弃的念头,说服自己继续前进。每一次失败都让他更加珍惜成功的价值。他明白,自己的命运掌握在自己手中,唯有通过奉献才能突破一切限制。
On a bright morning,Li Ming 1. . He walked into the art school with a heart full of hope.Knowing 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(宾语从句),he faced challenges bravely.Whenever doubts crept in,he would 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Each failure made him 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. He understood that 6.　　　　　　　 lay in his hands,and only through dedication
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (倒装句).
was determined to chase his
dream
that he had to be fully committed to stand out
reject the idea of giving up
convince himself to keep pushing forward
appreciate the value of success even more
his fortune
could he break any limits
1.make sense有意义;解释得通
教材原文　Yes,that makes a lot of sense.是的,那太有意义了。
感知　语言先输入
①It took me quite a few minutes to make sense of what he meant.
②In no sense should you lose heart;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(建议信)
③There’s no sense in worrying about it now.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)make sense of　 理解;明白
make no sense 没意义
It makes (no) sense to do sth 做某事(没)有道理/意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面;就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时,句子用部分倒装)
There is no/little sense in doing sth 做某事没道理
运用　完成句子/词汇升级
①We read it through,but could not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
我们从头到尾读了一遍,但不明白它说些什么。
②It was an average day in terms of weather,but the scenery was so inspiring that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(邮件,2024·新课标卷)
那天的天气算不上特别好,但风景如此迷人,让我觉得创作一些特别的作品是很有意义的。
make sense of it
it made sense to create something special
③Furthermore,you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which can help you understand the poems to be learned.
→Furthermore,you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance,which can help you 　　　　　　　　the poems to be learned.
make sense of
2.get on发迹;出人头地
教材原文　They didn’t have the chance to learn and get on in life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
感知　语言先输入
①He isn’t good at talking but he gets on well with other people.
②After getting off the train,we got into the car and headed for the airport.
③I tried to get in touch with Peter,but I couldn’t get through to him.
记牢　知识再梳理
get off　　　　　　　　　 下(车、船等)
get into 进入;陷入
get through 完成;(电话)打通;到达;度过,熬过
get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做某事
get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)
运用　完成句子
①I am tired of the partner I have been working with because
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很讨厌这个与我一直在一起工作的伙伴,因为他很难相处。
②Parents are always anxious for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
父母总是急切地盼望孩子们出人头地。
he is hard to get on with
their children to get on
③You’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
quickly,or you will miss the deadline.
你最好赶快开始做作业,否则你会错过最后期限的。
④I want you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of mind.
我想让你进入一种全新的心态。
get down to doing your homework
to get into a whole new state
3.drop out退出,脱离;辍学
教材原文　Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
感知　语言先输入
①We were passing by the museum,so we decided to drop in and see the new exhibit.
②I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.
③The Hope Project is designed to help those children who have to drop out of school because of poverty.
记牢　知识再梳理
drop in/round/by 顺便拜访
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人
drop out of 从……中退出
运用　完成句子
①Next time you are in Guangzhou,please 　　　　　　　　　　.
下次来广州请一定来看我。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when you are free.
有空就顺便来坐坐。
③She started on engineering degree but _______________________
after only a year.
她开始攻读工程学学位,但仅一年后就辍学了。
drop in on me
Drop in/round/by
dropped out
④Many students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
because of the lack of teaching support.
许多学生因为缺乏教学支持而退出了在线课程。
drop out of online courses
4.句型公式:while作并列连词
教材原文　He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
自己应有尽有,而许多人一无所有,他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。
感知　语言先输入
①We must strike while the iron is hot.
②While I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.
③At school,some students are outgoing,while some are shy,yet they can be good friends with one another.(学校生活)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候;在……期间”。
(2)引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管;虽然”。
(3)连接两个并列分句(表示对比关系),可译作“而,然而”。
运用　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, there exist some disadvantages.(发言稿)
尽管网络学习证明是有用的,但也存在一些缺点。
②It bothered me that I was stuck in the pumpkin like a caged animal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　.
(心理描写)
使我心烦的是我像困兽一样困在南瓜中,而妈妈在拍摄着我的糗事。
While online learning proves useful
while my mom was filming my whole embarrassment
③David rang up 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
你不在的时候戴维打电话来了。
while you were out
5.句型公式:动词-ing形式短语作主语
教材原文　Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
感知　语言先输入
①Traveling a long distance means you should take public transportation,but that would be likely to increase the chances of infection.(作主语)
②David suggested selling your house to pay the debt.(作宾语)
③His job is selling cars at the moment.(作表语)
记牢　知识再梳理
动词-ing形式(短语)相当于名词,在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。需要注意的是,单个动词-ing形式(短语)用作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
运用　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 your health.
饭前洗手对你的健康有好处。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
③After 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he hurried to the station.
看了看表之后,他匆忙赶往火车站。
④His favorite hobby is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
他最大的爱好是在海里游泳。
Washing hands before meals is good for
Collecting information about children’s health
looking at his watch
swimming in the ocean
6.句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
教材原文　Follow our five secrets and you can do it!
遵循我们的五个秘诀,你也能做到!
感知　语言先输入
①Give me a chance,and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.(=If you give me a chance,I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.)
②Go to bed earlier or you’ll be really tired tomorrow.(=If you don’t go to bed earlier,you’ll be really tired tomorrow.)
③Another step and the child will fall into the well.(=If the child takes another step,she/he will fall into the well.)
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)“祈使句+and+陈述句”相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”,表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句+or (else)/otherwise+陈述句”相当于“if+否定条件状语从句+主句”。
(3)“名词词组+and+陈述句”。名词词组中通常含有more、another、further、earlier等词,用来叙述肯定的情况。
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换/一句多译
①Start working hard from now on,　　　　　　　　　　
you’ll regret soon.
②Hurry up or we will be late.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we will be late.
③If you give me one more chance,I’ll do better.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and I’ll do better.
otherwise/or
If you don’t hurry
One more chance
④如果你努力学习,以后你会感激自己的。
→
(祈使句+and+陈述句)
→
(含if条件句的复合句)
→
(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Work hard,and you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.
If you work hard,you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.
Working hard,you will be grateful to yourself afterwards.
片段巩固(走向成功)
用make sense;get on;drop out;while;动词-ing形式短语作主语;“祈使句+and+陈述句”完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　当你真正相信你能实现梦想的时候,追求你的梦想往往才是有意义的。继续你的旅程需要努力和决心。虽然有些人在面对挑战时可能会选择放弃,但那些坚持不懈的人最终会找到通往成功的道路。保持专注,不断前进,你就会看到努力的成果。记住,每一个挑战都是成长的机会,让你更接近梦想。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (动词-ing形式短语作主语) when you truly believe you can achieve it. 2. (动词-ing形式短语作主语).3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(让步状语从句) when faced with challenges,those who keep going will find their path to success at last.4.
(祈使句+and+陈述句).Remember,every challenge is an opportunity for growth,leading you closer to your dream.
Pursuing your dream can often make sense
Getting
on with your journey requires hard work and determination
While some may choose to drop out
Stay committed and keep
pushing forward,and you will see the results of your efforts
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet,sound can now create silence.　　　　　
2.I appreciate your kindness.You’ve been a huge help to me.
　　　　　
3.What are your neighbours like Do you get on with them
　　　　　
4.These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.
　　　　　
5.She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.　　　　　
vi.渴望
vt.感激
相处融洽
adj.最低的
vi.签合同
Ⅱ.选出limit的汉语意思
A.n.限度,限制　B.n.极限,限量　C.n.(区域的)界限,边界　D.vt.限制,限定
1.To succeed,you must limit distractions and focus on your goals.　　
2.He reached the limit of his endurance during the marathon,pushing himself to the extreme.　　
3.The speed limit on this road is 60 miles per hour,ensuring safety for all drivers.　　
4.The garden has a beautiful fence that marks the limit of our property.　　
D
B
A
C
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.You seem to be very 　　　　　　　　 (热心的) about his idea.
2.People are not 　　　　　　(乐观的) about the outcome of the talks between the two countries.
3.The young 　　　　　　　　(雇员) has got a rise in salary for his excellent work.
4.Red has always been a 　　　　　　　　 (象征) of life and boom.
enthusiastic
optimistic
employee
symbol
5.We have just bought a lot of new 　　　　　　(家具) for the new apartment.
6.The great majority of the players would,of course,sign the
　　　　　　　　　 / k ntr kt/ without hesitation.
7.We should reduce the disadvantages of the Internet to the
　　　　　　　/ mIn m m/.
8.The female headmaster r　　　　　　　　　 the plan made by the youngest teacher,which made him very angry.
furniture
contract
minimum
ejected
9.Drivers are supposed to l　　　　　　　　　　 the speed in the neighborhood because children may be playing there.
10.It is a p　　　　　　　　 from Peking University who will give us a lecture about physics.
imit
rofessor
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The football player had to quit the career for his _______________
(injure) in the leg.
2.First of all,you should be a 　　　　　　　 (commit) member of the team.
3.He built a hugely successful career through years of hard work and
　　　　　　　(determine).
injury
committed
determination
4.The young couple are very 　　　　　　　　 (ambition) for their child.
5.He settled himself 　　　　　　　 (comfortable)in his usual chair.
6.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is ________________
(appreciate).
7.My friend was 　　　　　　　　　(hunger),so we drove to a shopping mall to get some food.
ambitious
comfortably
appreciative
hungry
8.I felt 　　　　　　　　(guilt) about not visiting my parents more often.
9.Thanks to the expert,our rice 　　　　　　(produce) has increased by 20%.
10.The woman is one of the most 　　　　　　(influence) figures in local politics.
guilty
production
influential
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
get on,drop out,be tired of,make sense,give away,dream up
1.Some Internet words can only 　　　　　　　　with the context of Internet.
2.Some ambitious young men decided to try their fortune in big cities, dreaming of 　　　　　　　　　.
3.The millionaire was tired of living a rich but meaningless life,so he 　　　　　　　　　 all his money to charities.
make sense
getting on
gave away
4.There are still many children 　　　　　　　　of school for various reasons in that country.
5.John shook his head.He 　　　　　　　　　　　 quarrelling with the man.
6.I 　　　　　　　　　　 a plan to solve both problems at once.
dropping out
was tired of
dreamed up
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was a big challenge,but she did not lose heart.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战,但是她没有气馁。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.
(what引导主语从句)
给我印象最深的是,每当我遇到困难时,我的叔叔总是激励我坚持自己的梦想。
Losing two important players
What impresses me most
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and you will find a way.
(祈使句+and+陈述句)
动动脑筋,你就会想出办法的。
4.It’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that shapes our lives,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 consistently.(not...but...)
不是我们一时所做的事而是我们一贯所做的事影响着我们的一生。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he is happy and contented.(whenever引导时间状语从句)
每当他回到这个地方,他都既高兴又满足。
Use your head
not what we do in a while
but what we do
Whenever he returns to this place
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
The FIFA Women’s World Cup will take place half a world away—in Brazil in 2027—but football-mad families can get a fix of the beautiful game far closer to home.If you are inspired to take a football-based break with the kids this summer,here are the cities to head to.
Liverpool
As the home of Liverpool FC since the club’s formation in 1892, Anfield is one of the best-known football stadiums on the planet. Young fans of the club will find plenty to enjoy on the stadium tour, with many photo opportunities,dressing room access and great views across the city from the top of the Main Stand.The museum,The Liverpool FC Story,includes the Boom Room exhibition,devoted to the club’s 2019/2020 Premier League win.The guided tour takes around 70 minutes.
Munich
Various ex-Premier League stars are currently on Bayern Munich’s books,and the club has long been a grand sporting presence. Six times champions of Europe,Germany’s most successful team regularly sells out the ultra-modern 75,000-capacity Allianz Arena. Tours include access to the FC Bayern Museum,where countless trophies (奖杯) are on display.
Milan
As the home stadium of both AC Milan and Inter Milan,and a regular venue for internationals,San Siro is a ground with bags of history.Having two resident clubs means double the matches,and a higher likelihood of getting tickets for a game—where the atmosphere can be intense.The guided tour takes around 80 minutes.
Paris
The 80,000-capacity Stade de France has hosted three Champions League finals,a World Cup final and a Euros final,with the likes of Zinedine Zidane and Cristiano Ronaldo winning trophies here.For sports-mad kids,however,the appeal doesn’t end there—the same stadium staged the Olympic Games in 2024.The guided tour takes around 90 minutes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在这个夏天和孩子们一起享受足球主题的假期可以前往的四个城市,及每个城市与足球相关的特色。
1.Who is the text intended for
A.A Chinese football fan.
B.A French mother with a kid.
C.A visitor getting to London.
D.A primary school student from Germany.
解析　写作对象题。根据第一段中“If you are inspired to take...the cities to head to.”可知,这篇文章是写给那些想在夏天和孩子们一起享受足球假期的家长的,故选B项。
√
2.What can children do on Anfield tour
A.Attend a football match.
B.Buy dresses conveniently.
C.Overlook the city of Liverpool.
D.Enjoy the club’s newly-won trophies.
解析　细节理解题。根据Liverpool部分中“As the home of Liverpool FC...the top of the Main Stand.”可知,在安菲尔德球场之旅中,孩子们可以从主看台顶部俯瞰利物浦市,故选C项。
√
3.What do Allianz Arena and Stade de France have in common
A.They offer a guided tour.
B.They have the same size.
C.They can seat a large audience.
D.They have hosted a World Cup final.
解析　细节理解题。根据Munich部分中“Six times champions of Europe...75,000-capacity Allianz Arena.”和Paris部分中“The 80,000-capacity Stade de France...Ronaldo winning trophies here.”可知,安联球场和法兰西体育场都能容纳很多观众,故选C项。
√
B
When you think about who’s responsible for a city’s safety,what people come to mind Police officers,firefighters or emergency response teams Would you put your local meteorologist (气象预报员) in this group That’s the career Ashley Ruiz chose,and she’s now the first female chief meteorologist in Baton Rouge,Louisiana.Ruiz predicts the weather for her community.
In 2020,a tornado hit Ruiz’s hometown of Chattanooga, Tennessee—and,even closer to home,her house.So she said she knew what a lifesaving job this could be.
However,her job isn’t without difficulties.“Hearing people have been injured,like in a big hurricane,is really hard,” she said.“We try our best to predict the weather as best as we can,and we are getting better.But it can always change.”
Ruiz talked about the new and changing weather patterns.She said,“We are absolutely seeing changes in weather,with more intense and more frequent storms,which relate to climate change.” Weather is changing everywhere,as the planet warms.There are more frequent droughts,stronger storms,and increasing temperature changes.This makes predicting the weather difficult.
Ruiz always knew she was interested in weather and how it affected the world.But her path to a career in meteorology wasn’t easy.She said,“I struggled so hard with math and wanted to give up.But I kept pushing and working hard,and now I’m the first woman chief meteorologist in the Baton Rouge TV market.I’m proud of that.” She wants kids to know they should never give up on their education or their dreams.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Ashley Ruiz的职业生涯和个人经历,介绍了她作为气象预报员的工作内容、面临的挑战、对天气变化的看法,以及她如何克服数学难题成为巴吞鲁日首位女性首席气象预报员的经历。
4.Why was the disaster in Ruiz’s hometown mentioned in the text
A.To call on people to prepare for disasters.
B.To introduce Ruiz’s unusual childhood experience.
C.To offer a successful example of weather forecast.
D.To show Ruiz’s understanding of the work of a meteorologist.
解析　写作目的题。文章第二段提到Ruiz家乡发生的灾难是为了展示她对气象预报员工作的理解。她亲身体验了龙卷风对家乡的破坏,因此她深刻理解这份工作的重要性和救命的性质。这一经历使她更加明白作为气象预报员的责任和使命,故选D项。
√
5.What is a challenge of predicting the weather according to the text
A.Climate change.
B.People’s injury.
C.Poor technology.
D.Lack of experience.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,气候变化使得天气变得更加难以预测,因此这是预测天气的一个挑战,故选A项。
√
6.Which word can best describe Ruiz according to the last paragraph
A.Creative. B.Clever.
C.Hard-working. D.World-famous.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,Ruiz在数学一科上学得很吃力,但她一直坚持不懈地努力工作,最终成为了巴吞鲁日电视市场的首位女性首席气象预报员。这说明她是一个勤奋努力的人,故选C项。
√
7.In which section of a newspaper may the text appear
A.Sports. B.People.
C.Education. D.Health.
解析　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了Ashley Ruiz作为气象预报员的职业生涯和个人经历。这种关于人物成长和成就的文章更适合出现在报纸的“People”(人物)栏目中,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Growing up in a village in southern Nigeria,Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.She 　1　 herself on movie posters,a leading lady in her country’s globally famous film industry—Nollywood.
Three decades later,Ms.Onye 　2　 it—she has indeed become something,though not quite in the way she dreamed.At the Paris Paralympics (残奥会),she 　3　 in shot put (铅球).
Ms.Onye was 　4　 to shot put in her early 20s for the first time,after she moved to Lagos to try to achieve her dream of being a(n) 　5　.To everyone’s surprise,it turned out she 　6　 heaving (投掷) a shot put,however.
In 2011,she 　7　 her country at international competitions.But she had not enough money,and she 　8　 to find the resources to train at a higher level.“I was sometimes training while hungry,” she 　9　. “I once fainted (晕倒) on the track.”
　10　,she kept setting under the guidance of her 　11　 and then breaking her own world record.As a successful athlete,she 　12　 a starring role in the 2015 Nollywood film “Lords of Money”.But her 　13　 career remains more of a side gig (副业) now.She continues to train hard to improve her skills as a world-class para shot-putter.
Now she is 　14　 to make her coach proud again in the next game,because he was the one who first told her,“You have the 　15　 in you to be great.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼日利亚的残疾人运动员奥涅通过自己的努力,成为了一名铅球运动员,并实现电影梦的故事。
1.A.imagined B.admired C.noticed D.recommended
解析　根据上文“Growing up in a village in southern Nigeria, Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.”可知,此处指的是她想象着自己出现在电影海报上,故选A项。
2.A.found B.needed C.made D.quit
解析　根据下文“she has indeed become something”可知,她确实有所成就,此处指的是她成功了,make it意为“成功或达到目标”,故选C项。
√
√
3.A.competed B.helped C.trained D.succeeded
解析　根据空格前的“At the Paris Paralympics”可知,她参加了铅球比赛,也就是在铅球比赛中竞争,故选A项。
4.A.reported B.introduced C.limited D.used
解析　根据下文“in her early 20s for the first time”可知,此处指的是她第一次接触铅球,故选B项。
√
√
5.A.dancer B.expert C.shot-putter D.star
解析　根据上文“Lauritta Onye was sure she was going to be a star some day.”可知,此处指她试图实现自己的明星梦想,故选D项。
6.A.put off B.relied on C.was good at D.was patient with
解析　根据下文“In 2011,she 　　　　her country at international competitions.”可知,此处指的是她擅长铅球,故选C项。
√
√
7.A.chose B.represented C.changed D.protected
解析　根据下文“But she had not enough money,and she 　　　　to find the resources to train at a higher level.”可知,她寻找资源进行更高水平的训练,是为了代表国家参加国际比赛,故选B项。
8.A.agreed B.happened C.continued D.struggled
解析　根据上文“But she had not enough money”可知,她没有足够多的钱,她必须努力寻找资源进行更高水平的训练,故选D项。
√
√
9.A.remembers B.adds C.repeats D.complains
解析　根据下文“‘I once fainted on the track.’”可知,她曾经在跑道上晕倒,此处是回忆已经发生的事情,故选A项。
10.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Still
解析　根据上文“‘I was sometimes training while hungry,’ she 　　　　.‘I once fainted(晕倒) on the track.’”与本句“she kept setting...world record”为转折关系,故选D项。
√
√
11.A.parents B.coach C.partners D.friend
解析　根据下文“and then breaking her own world record”可知,她打破了世界纪录,此处指的应该是在教练的专业指导下进行训练,故选B项。
12.A.refused B.discovered C.landed D.missed
解析　根据下文“a starring role in the...‘Lords of Money’”可知,此处指的是在一部电影中担任主演,故选C项。
√
√
13.A.acting B.sporting C.teaching D.writing
解析　根据上文“As a successful athlete,she 　　　　a starring role in the 2015 Nollywood film ‘Lords of Money’.”可知,她在电影中担任主演,此处指的是演艺生涯,故选A项。
14.A.led B.supposed C.determined D.surprised
解析　根据下文“to make her coach proud again in Paris”可知,此处是指决心让她的教练再次感到骄傲,故选C项。
√
√
15.A.idea B.fire C.pride D.task
解析　根据上文“她决心再次让她的教练感到骄傲”可知,教练说她拥有变得伟大的热情的人,故选B项。
√Part 3　Grammar (1)——动词 ing形式
动 词 ing 形 式 定义 属于非谓语动词,可以构成动词 ing形式短语
功能 作主语:往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 作宾语:一种是作及物动词的宾语,另一种是作介词的宾语 作表语:多指抽象的、习惯性的动作
复合 结构 其逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的通格来充当
动词 ing形式属于非谓语动词,它保留动词的某些特征,可以带有自己的宾语和状语(系动词还可带表语),构成动词 ing形式短语,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。此处重点讲解其作主语、宾语和表语的三种情况。
一、动词 ing形式作主语
[先感知]
①Skiing is a very popular sport in northern China.(人教选一U3)
滑雪在中国北方是一项非常受欢迎的运动。
②Working out the idea behind the subheadings can help you better understand the structure and the key points of the text.(人教选一U3)
弄清楚副标题背后的观点可以帮助你更好地理解文本的结构和关键点。
[会发现]　句①中Skiing为单个的动词 ing形式作主语,句②中Working out the idea behind the subheadings为动词 ing形式短语作主语。
[明规则]　动词 ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
[名师指津]　
(1)动词 ing形式作主语泛指经常性、习惯性的动作,而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、具体的动作。being done为动词 ing形式的被动语态。
Being invited to the palace ball made her excited.
被邀请参加宫廷舞会使她兴奋不已。
To be invited to the palace ball would be exciting.
受邀参加这次宫廷舞会将是令人兴奋的事。
(2)动词 ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Planting many trees is very good for our environment.
多种树对我们的环境非常有好处。
(3)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/a waste of time/fun doing sth句型中,It作形式主语,后面的动词 ing形式作真正的主语。
It’s no use wishing for the impossible.
企求不可能的事情是徒劳无益的。
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
[对点练]　完成句子
①Swimming is a good sport in summer.
在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
②It is no use telling him not to worry.
告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
③Working in these conditions is not a pleasure.
在这种条件下工作不是一件愉快的事。
④Being exposed to the sun for long is harmful to your health.
长时间暴露在阳光下对你的健康有害。
二、动词 ing形式作宾语
[先感知]
①Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.(人教选一U4)
专家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑,从而让自己感到更快乐、更坚强。
②We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.(人教选一U4)
我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。
[会发现]　句①中动词 ing形式作及物动词suggest的宾语,句②中动词 ing形式作介词by的宾语。
[明规则]　动词 ing形式作宾语分为两种情况,一种是作及物动词的宾语,另一种是作介词的宾语。
[名师指津]　
(1)下列几组词后接动词 ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语的含义不同。动词不定式形式用于动词后通常表示以后要发生的动作;而动词 ing用在动词后则表示已发生或常态的动作。
forget doing sth 　　　　 忘记已做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
remember to do sth 记住要做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
(2)在allow、permit、advise等动词后直接跟动词 ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
We don’t allow smoking in the school.
我们不允许在学校抽烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke.
我们不允许学生抽烟。
(3)下列动词后可接动词 ing的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing.
=The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
[对点练]　单句语法填空
①Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
②It really annoys me when people forget to say (say) thank you.
③When it comes to speaking (speak) in public,no one can match him.
④His parents won’t allow him to stay (stay) out late.
⑤I never dreamed of meeting (meet) you in China,and I’m always looking forward to seeing (see) you.
三、动词 ing形式作表语
[先感知]
①The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(人教选一U4)
关键是以适合你所身处的文化的方式来使用肢体语言。
②A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.(人教选一U4)
说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后将手放在肚子上打圈。
[会发现]　句①中动词 ing形式using body language...作表语,句②中动词 ing形式moving your hand...作表语。
[明规则]　动词 ing形式作表语时,多指抽象的、习惯性的动作。主语通常是表示无生命事物的名词。表语与主语通常是对等关系,表示主语的内容,有时可互换位置。
[对点练]　完成句子
①What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
②Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。
③The goal of the activity is encouraging Chinese youths to contribute to the development of the country.
这项活动的目标是鼓励中国青年为祖国发展做出贡献。
四、动词 ing形式的复合结构
[先感知]
①Do you mind my/me opening the door
你介意我打开门吗
②Can you imagine astronauts/astronauts’ walking in space
你能想象出宇航员在太空漫步的情景吗
[会发现]　句①中my/me opening the door为动词 ing形式的复合结构,句②中astronauts/astronauts’ walking in space为动词 ing形式的复合结构。
[明规则]　如果动词 ing形式有自己的逻辑主语,这便构成了动词 ing形式的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的通格来充当。在口语中,形容词性物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。
[名师指津]　当动词 ing形式的复合结构作主语时,其逻辑主语只用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词表示。否定形式not应放在逻辑主语和动词 ing形式之间。
The students’ knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生学好英语对学习法语有帮助。
His not coming added to our difficulty.
他没来,这增加了我们的困难。
[对点练]　完成句子
①Mary’s coming late made the teacher angry.
玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。
②My worry is your changing your mind.
我担心的是你改变主意。
③Would you mind my/me smoking here
你介意我在这吸烟吗
[基础语境练]
维度一　基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共6分)
1.Some students have trouble spelling (to spell/spelling) English words.
2.Students shouldn’t spend too much time chatting (chat/chatting) online.
3.—Remember to invite (inviting/to invite) Peter to your birthday party.
—I remember inviting (inviting/to invite) him yesterday afternoon.
4.If you feel tired,you can stop walking (to walk/walking)to have a rest.
5.I am 12 years old.I like riding (ride/riding) my bicycle.
6.I’m sleepy.I prefer sleeping (sleeping/to sleep) at home to going out for a walk.
维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.It’s no pleasure spending (spend) the holiday just at home.
2.Reading (read) is necessary for you to expand your knowledge.
3.I can’t imagine Peter sailing (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
4.The employees still remember visiting (visit) the company for the first time.
5.By comparison,his worst habit is watching (watch) TV all night on weekends.
6.As the saying goes,it’s no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.
7.What made her parents surprised was her being admitted (admit) to her dream university.
8.It is well worth cycling (cycle) along the route,which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
9.All the educationalists try their best to prevent the students from being appealed (appeal) to online games.
10.As a result of the serious flood,two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing (repair).
维度三　语法与写作(每小题2分,共20分)
1.It’s no use arguing with him,so we should think it over.
跟他争论没用,我们应该再仔细考虑一下。
2.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.
有的时候放弃一些可能意味着得到更多。
3.As we all know,her hobby is going out for a walk after supper.
大家都知道,她的爱好是晚饭后出去散步。
4.I was grateful to you for helping me overcome so many difficulties.
我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
5.They had to delay holding the sports meeting on account of the bad weather.
由于天气不好,他们不得不推迟举行体育运动会。
6.The book recommended by Professor Wang is well worth reading.
王教授推荐的那本书非常值得一读。
7.I regret to inform you of the job rejection and regret making an early commitment.
我很遗憾地通知你,你被这份工作拒绝了,我很后悔提前做了承诺。
8.Linda’s passing the exam makes us very excited.
琳达通过了这次考试,这让我们都很兴奋。
9.Jenny doesn’t mind her book being taken away and used by other students.
詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。
10.It is widely recognized that making use of every opportunity to speak English can improve your learning efficiency.
人们普遍认为,利用每一个机会说英语可以提高你的学习效率。
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题2分,共14分)
根据汉语提示完成语段
I crossed the street to avoid 1.meeting him (见到他),but he saw me and came running towards me.It was no use 2.pretending that I had not seen him (假装没看见他),so I waved to him.I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are,he always insists on 3.coming with you (和你一起来).I had to think of a way of preventing him from 4.following me around all morning (整个上午都跟着我).
“Hello,Nigel,” I said.“Fancy meeting you here!”
“Hi,Elizabeth,” Nigel answered.“I was just wondering how to spend the morning—until I saw you.You’re not busy 5.doing anything (做任何事),are you ”
“No,not at all,” I answered.“I’m going to...”
“Would you mind 6.my coming with you (我和你一起去) ”he asked,before I had finished speaking.
“Not at all,” I lied,“but I’m going to the dentist.”
“Then I’ll come with you,” he answered.“There’s always plenty to read 7.in the waiting room (在候诊室里)!”
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Willful ignorance exists in large amount in daily life.People regularly look the other way rather than examining the consequences of their actions.Despite plenty of scientific evidence for climate change,for instance,many people still avoid engaging with facts about global warming.
We wanted to understand how common willful ignorance is and why people engage in it.After collecting data from multiple research projects that involved more than 6,000 individuals,we discovered that willful ignorance is common and harmful,with 40 percent of people choosing “not to know” the consequences of their actions to free themselves of guilt while maximizing their own gains.But we also found that about 40 percent of people are unselfish:rather than avoiding information about the consequences of their actions,they seek it out to increase the benefits to others.
In the experiments,the decisions were made in one of two settings.In the transparent (透明的) setting,decision makers had information about how their choice would affect themselves and their partner.In an ambiguous (模糊的) setting,decision makers knew how their choice would matter for themselves but not for their teammate—although they could request that insight.
The overall balance tipped toward selfishness when participants had the option to avoid information.Only 39 percent of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55 percent in the transparent condition.
If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions,it may make people feel less threatened and,as a result,be less willfully ignorant.Other research groups have found promising ways to do this.For instance,we could encourage people to think more positively about good deeds rather than guilt trip them for what they have failed to do.Highlighting recent global achievements,such as healing the ozone (臭氧) layer,can inspire people to keep up the good work rather than feeling like the battle is lost and that the situation is hopeless.
In short,we can encourage one another and ourselves toward more selfless and generous actions.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,研究发现40%的人为了避免负罪感选择忽视行为后果,而40%的人主动寻求信息以帮助他人。文章建议减少道德压力,鼓励积极地思考善行,以减少故意无知,促进更无私的行为。
1.Why do some people choose not to know the consequences of their actions
A.To make easier choices to be a good person.
B.To increase their own benefits more than others’.
C.To avoid the influence of consequences on actions.
D.To get the most benefits without a sense of shame.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“...we discovered that willful ignorance...while maximizing their own gains”可知,有些人选择不了解他们行为的后果,是为了获得最大的利益而不感到羞耻,故选D项。]
2.How can willful ignorance be prevented
A.By focusing less on its morality.
B.By stressing its potential threat.
C.By being more positive about oneself.
D.By getting people aware of their actions.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“If we can avoid putting...be less willfully ignorant.”可知,通过减少对道德的关注,可以防止故意的无知,故选A项。]
3.In which column of a newspaper can we read the passage
A.Literature. B.Technology.
C.Biology. D.Psychology.
答案　D　[文章出处题。通读全文可知,贯穿文章的关键词是“故意无知”,文章主要探讨了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,通过实验研究了人们在不同情境下的决策行为,并提出了减少“故意无知”的方法。文章内容涉及心理学领域的研究,因此我们很可能在心理学栏目中阅读到该文章,故选D项。]
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.The reason for willful ignorance.
B.The harmful effects of willful ignorance.
C.The results of willful ignorance.
D.The influence of willful ignorance on environment.
答案　A　[主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第二段中“We wanted to understand how common willful ignorance is and why people engage in it.”可知,作者通过实验数据,探究了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,研究发现40%的人为了避免负罪感选择忽视行为后果,而40%的人主动寻求信息以帮助他人。针对该原因,作者建议减少道德压力,鼓励积极地思考善行,以减少“故意无知”,促进更无私的行为。因此,文章总体是呈现“故意无知”的原因,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
So,what does it take to be great I thoroughly reject the “10 years,10,000 hours” notion that anyone can be an expert if they just put in enough time.　1　
Another reality though is that you can’t control your genes.If you received good ones from your parents,thank them.If you didn’t,don’t blame your parents because they didn’t choose their genes either.　2　
Inborn ability is certainly a wonderful thing to have been given,but it is a bit overrated.　3　 What this means is that you need inborn ability to be great,but it isn’t enough.The world is full of gifted failures,of “can’t miss kids” who missed.Talent is only the starting point to greatness and,if you’re fortunate enough to have won the genetic lottery,it puts you ahead of the field at the beginning of the race to be great.　4　 You have to work hard,push your limits,and struggle mightily to get to the finish for anything in life worth pursuing greatness in.
Ultimately,being great isn’t about being objectively great because,as noted above,the chances that you will achieve true greatness in some aspect of your life is,statistically,very small.　5　 I define that as fully realizing whatever ability you were born with.That inborn ability may not be enough to be a superstar in your area of achievement,but,if you do what is necessary,you will find a reasonable level of success.
A.Instead,let it go and focus on what you can control.
B.But,of course,races aren’t won at the start,but at the finish.
C.Rather,your goal should be to find your own personal greatness.
D.Inborn ability is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to greatness.
E.You might think that personal greatness isn’t the same as true greatness.
F.The reality is that genes matter,whether inborn intelligence or inborn physical talent.
G.They enjoy the struggles they experienced and the satisfaction of overcoming them.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就怎样才能成为伟大的人发表了自己的观点,即充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力,从而找到一个合理的成功水平。
1.F　[由上文可知,作者这里否定只要时间足够就能成为专家,而F项(事实上,基因很重要,无论是天生的智力还是天生的身体天赋。)符合语境,即提出自己的观点——基因决定能否成为伟人,且The reality 与下文Another reality 对应,故选F项。]
2.A　[由上文可知,这里讲你无法控制你的基因,而A项(相反,不必追究它,专注于你能控制的事情。)符合语境,其中Instead与上文形成转折,can control也与上文 can’t control形成对比,故选A项。]
3.D　[由下文可知,这里讲天生的能力也并不足以让你变得伟大,而D项(天生的能力是伟大的必要不充分因素。)符合语境,其中Inborn ability与上下文对应,下句也对本句进行了解释说明,故选D项。]
4.B　[由上文可知,这里主要讲天赋只是让你起点领先,但不保证终点能领先。而B项(但是,当然,比赛不是在开始时获胜,而是在结束时获胜。)符合语境,其中at the start与上文at the beginning对应,at the finish与下文get to the finish 对应,故选B项。]
5.C　[由下文可知,这里主要讲充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力来实现适合你自己的伟大,而C项(相反,你的目标应该是找到自己的个人伟大之处。)符合语境,其中 your own personal greatness为下文 that的指代内容,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
While cross stitch (十字绣) 1.　　　　　　　　 (practice) in China for hundreds of years,it is only just becoming popular among average people.Luckily,cross stitch is a fairly easy art 2.　　　　　　　　 (learn) and there are many patterns available to help people sew 3.　　　　　　 (amaze) pictures by themselves.
Sometimes,cross stitching is done over designs printed on fairly thick fabric,called stamped cross stitch,4.　　　　　　 more usually the stitcher counts the threads in both directions so that they are even,which 5.　　　　　　 (know) as counted cross stitch.
The patterns of cross stitches vary 6.　　　　　　 (wide),especially depending on the tradition and background of the stitcher.Central European cross stitching tends to show geometric patterns in one or two colors,and it is also not uncommon to see cross stitch scenes that incorporate trees,birds,wildlife,flowers and other natural elements.
Chinese style cross stitch patterns include elements of unique Chinese culture,many of 7.　　　　　　 you might find in a 8.　　　　　　 (tradition) Chinese painting,such as Chinese 9.　　　　　　 (character),Chinese sayings,dragons,mythical gods and so on.Very often,Chinese cross stitch patterns convey a theme of luck or good wish,which is why cross stitches are likely to be hung in the home or given 10.　　　　　　 gifts.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术十字绣,包括其所用的材料及其样式等相关内容。
1.has been practiced　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据“for hundreds of years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语cross stitch 与动词practice之间是被动关系,应用其被动语态。主语为单数,谓语动词应用单数第三人称。]
2.to learn　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作后置定语。]
3.amazing　[考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词;表示“令人惊讶的”应用amazing。]
4.but　[考查并列连词。上文讲十字绣有时候使用印花十字绣完成,下文讲更常见的是计数十字绣。上下文为转折关系,应用but连接。]
5.is known　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;be known as意为“作为……而著名”,为固定搭配,且which指代主句,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。]
6.widely　[考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“vary”。]
7.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且介词后只能用which。“many of which”对先行词进行部分补充说明。]
8.traditional　[考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词“Chinese painting”。]
9.characters　[考查名词的数。Chinese character意为“汉字”,character为可数名词;根据下文中的“Chinese sayings,dragons,mythical gods and so on”可知,此处应用名词复数形式。]
10.as　[考查介词。此处表示作为礼物,as意为“作为”。](共61张PPT)
Part 3　Grammar (1)——动词-ing形式
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
Part 3　Grammar (1)——动词-ing形式
语法图解
要点诠释
Part 3　Grammar (1)——动词-ing形式
动 词 -ing 形 式 定义 属于非谓语动词,可以构成动词-ing形式短语
功能 作主语:往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作
作宾语:一种是作及物动词的宾语,另一种是作介词的宾语
作表语:多指抽象的、习惯性的动作
复合 结构 其逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的通格来充当
动词-ing形式属于非谓语动词,它保留动词的某些特征,可以带有自己的宾语和状语(系动词还可带表语),构成动词-ing形式短语,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。此处重点讲解其作主语、宾语和表语的三种情况。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
[先感知]
①Skiing is a very popular sport in northern China.(人教选一U3)
滑雪在中国北方是一项非常受欢迎的运动。
②Working out the idea behind the subheadings can help you better understand the structure and the key points of the text.(人教选一U3)
弄清楚副标题背后的观点可以帮助你更好地理解文本的结构和关键点。
[会发现]　句①中　　　　　　为单个的动词-ing形式作主语,句②中Working out the idea behind the subheadings为动词-ing形式短语作　　　　　。
[明规则]　动词-ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
[名师指津]　
(1)动词-ing形式作主语泛指经常性、习惯性的动作,而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、具体的动作。being done为动词-ing形式的被动语态。
Skiing
主语
Being invited to the palace ball made her excited.
被邀请参加宫廷舞会使她兴奋不已。
To be invited to the palace ball would be exciting.
受邀参加这次宫廷舞会将是令人兴奋的事。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Planting many trees is very good for our environment.
多种树对我们的环境非常有好处。
(3)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/a waste of time/fun doing sth句型中,It作形式主语,后面的动词-ing形式作真正的主语。
It’s no use wishing for the impossible.
企求不可能的事情是徒劳无益的。
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
[对点练]　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a good sport in summer.
在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
②It is no use 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is not a pleasure.
在这种条件下工作不是一件愉快的事。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is harmful to your health.
长时间暴露在阳光下对你的健康有害。
Swimming
telling him not to worry
Working in these conditions
Being exposed to the sun for long
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
[先感知]
①Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.(人教选一U4)
专家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑,从而让自己感到更快乐、更坚强。
②We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.(人教选一U4)
我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。
[会发现]　句①中动词-ing形式作及物动词　　　　　　的宾语,句②中动词-ing形式作介词　　　　　　的宾语。
[明规则]　动词-ing形式作宾语分为两种情况,一种是作及物动词的宾语,另一种是作介词的宾语。
[名师指津]　
(1)下列几组词后接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语的含义不同。动词不定式形式用于动词后通常表示以后要发生的动作;而动词-ing用在动词后则表示已发生或常态的动作。
suggest
by
forget doing sth 　　 忘记已做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
remember to do sth 记住要做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
(2)在allow、permit、advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
We don’t allow smoking in the school.
我们不允许在学校抽烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke.
我们不允许学生抽烟。
(3)下列动词后可接动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing.
=The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
[对点练]　单句语法填空
①Bill suggested 　　　　　　(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
②It really annoys me when people forget 　　　　　(say) thank you.
③When it comes to 　　　　　　(speak) in public,no one can match him.
④His parents won’t allow him 　　　　　　　 (stay) out late.
⑤I never dreamed of 　　　　　　(meet) you in China,and I’m always looking forward to 　　　　　　(see) you.
holding
to say
speaking
to stay
meeting
seeing
三、动词-ing形式作表语
[先感知]
①The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(人教选一U4)
关键是以适合你所身处的文化的方式来使用肢体语言。
②A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.(人教选一U4)
说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后将手放在肚子上打圈。
[会发现]　句①中动词-ing形式　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
作表语,句②中动词-ing形式 　　　　　　　　　　　　作表语。
[明规则]　动词-ing形式作表语时,多指抽象的、习惯性的动作。主语通常是表示无生命事物的名词。表语与主语通常是对等关系,表示主语的内容,有时可互换位置。
using body language...
moving your hand...
[对点练]　完成句子
①What I hate most is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
②Your task is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你的任务就是擦窗户。
③The goal of the activity is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the country.
这项活动的目标是鼓励中国青年为祖国发展做出贡献。
being laughed at
cleaning the windows
encouraging Chinese youths to
contribute to the development of
四、动词-ing形式的复合结构
[先感知]
①Do you mind my/me opening the door
你介意我打开门吗
②Can you imagine astronauts/astronauts’ walking in space
你能想象出宇航员在太空漫步的情景吗
[会发现]　句①中　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 为动词-ing形式的复合结构,句②中　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 为动词-ing形式的复合结构。
[明规则]　如果动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语,这便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的通格来充当。在口语中,形容词性物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。
my/me opening the door
astronauts/astronauts’ walking in space
[名师指津]　当动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时,其逻辑主语只用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词表示。否定形式not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
The students’ knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生学好英语对学习法语有帮助。
His not coming added to our difficulty.
他没来,这增加了我们的困难。
[对点练]　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 made the teacher angry.
玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。
②My worry is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我担心的是你改变主意。
③Would you mind 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
你介意我在这吸烟吗
Mary’s coming late
your changing your mind
my/me smoking here
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
维度一　基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共6分)
1.Some students have trouble 　　　　　　　　 (to spell/spelling) English words.
2.Students shouldn’t spend too much time 　　　　　　　　　 (chat/ chatting) online.
3.—Remember 　　　　　　　　　 (inviting/to invite) Peter to your birthday party.
—I remember 　　　　　　　　 (inviting/to invite) him yesterday afternoon.
spelling
chatting
to invite
inviting
4.If you feel tired,you can stop 　　　　　　　　　 (to walk/walking) to have a rest.
5.I am 12 years old.I like 　　　　　　　 (ride/riding) my bicycle.
6.I’m sleepy.I prefer 　　　　　　　　(sleeping/to sleep) at home to going out for a walk.
walking
riding
sleeping
维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.It’s no pleasure 　　　　　　　 (spend) the holiday just at home.
2.　　　　　　　　 (read) is necessary for you to expand your knowledge.
3.I can’t imagine Peter 　　　　　　　 (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
4.The employees still remember 　　　　　　(visit) the company for the first time.
spending
Reading
sailing
visiting
5.By comparison,his worst habit is 　　　　　　(watch) TV all night on weekends.
6.As the saying goes,it’s no use 　　　　　　(cry) over spilt milk.
7.What made her parents surprised was her 　　　　　　　 (admit) to her dream university.
8.It is well worth 　　　　　　　 (cycle) along the route,which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
watching
crying
being admitted
cycling
9.All the educationalists try their best to prevent the students from 　　　　　　　　 (appeal) to online games.
10.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need 　　　　　　　　 (repair).
being appealed
repairing
维度三　语法与写作(每小题2分,20分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, so we should think it over.
跟他争论没用,我们应该再仔细考虑一下。
2.Sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　 .
有的时候放弃一些可能意味着得到更多。
3.As we all know,her hobby is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
大家都知道,她的爱好是晚饭后出去散步。
It’s no use arguing with him
giving up a little can mean getting more
going out for a walk after supper
4.I was grateful to you for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
5.They had to delay 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
on account of the bad weather.
由于天气不好,他们不得不推迟举行体育运动会。
6.The book recommended by Professor Wang 　　　　　　　　　 .
王教授推荐的那本书非常值得一读。
helping me overcome so many difficulties
holding the sports meeting
is well worth reading
7.I regret to inform you of the job rejection and regret
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很遗憾地通知你,你被这份工作拒绝了,我很后悔提前做了承诺。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 makes us very excited.
琳达通过了这次考试,这让我们都很兴奋。
9.Jenny doesn’t mind 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
and used by other students.
詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。
making an early commitment
Linda’s passing the exam
her book being taken away
10.It is widely recognized that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 can improve your learning efficiency.
人们普遍认为,利用每一个机会说英语可以提高你的学习效率。
making use of every opportunity
to speak English
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题2分,共14分)
I crossed the street to avoid 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(见到他),but he saw me and came running towards me.It was no use 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (假装没看见他),
so I waved to him.I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are,he always insists on 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 (和你一起来).I had to think of a way of preventing him from 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(整个上午都跟着我).
meeting him
pretending that I had not seen him
coming with you
following me around all morning
“Hello,Nigel,” I said.“Fancy meeting you here!”
“Hi,Elizabeth,” Nigel answered.“I was just wondering how to spend the morning—until I saw you.You’re not busy 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (做任何事),are you ”
“No,not at all,” I answered.“I’m going to...”
“Would you mind 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(我和你一起去) ”he asked,before I had finished speaking.
doing anything
my coming with you
“Not at all,” I lied,“but I’m going to the dentist.”
“Then I’ll come with you,” he answered.“There’s always plenty to read 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在候诊室里)!”
in the waiting room
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Willful ignorance exists in large amount in daily life.People regularly look the other way rather than examining the consequences of their actions.Despite plenty of scientific evidence for climate change,for instance,many people still avoid engaging with facts about global warming.
We wanted to understand how common willful ignorance is and why people engage in it.After collecting data from multiple research projects that involved more than 6,000 individuals,we discovered that willful ignorance is common and harmful,with 40 percent of people choosing “not to know” the consequences of their actions to free themselves of guilt while maximizing their own gains.But we also found that about 40 percent of people are unselfish:rather than avoiding information about the consequences of their actions,they seek it out to increase the benefits to others.
In the experiments,the decisions were made in one of two settings.In the transparent (透明的) setting,decision-makers had information about how their choice would affect themselves and their partner.In an ambiguous (模糊的) setting,decision-makers knew how their choice would matter for themselves but not for their teammate—although they could request that insight.
The overall balance tipped toward selfishness when participants had the option to avoid information.Only 39 percent of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55 percent in the transparent condition.
If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions,it may make people feel less threatened and,as a result,be less willfully ignorant.Other research groups have found promising ways to do this.For instance,we could encourage people to think more positively about good deeds rather than guilt-trip them for what they have failed to do.Highlighting recent global achievements,such as healing the ozone (臭氧) layer,can inspire people to keep up the good work rather than feeling like the battle is lost and that the situation is hopeless.
In short,we can encourage one another and ourselves toward more selfless and generous actions.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,研究发现40%的人为了避免负罪感选择忽视行为后果,而40%的人主动寻求信息以帮助他人。文章建议减少道德压力,鼓励积极地思考善行,以减少故意无知,促进更无私的行为。
1.Why do some people choose not to know the consequences of their actions
A.To make easier choices to be a good person.
B.To increase their own benefits more than others’.
C.To avoid the influence of consequences on actions.
D.To get the most benefits without a sense of shame.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“...we discovered that willful ignorance...while maximizing their own gains”可知,有些人选择不了解他们行为的后果,是为了获得最大的利益而不感到羞耻,故选D项。
√
2.How can willful ignorance be prevented
A.By focusing less on its morality.
B.By stressing its potential threat.
C.By being more positive about oneself.
D.By getting people aware of their actions.
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“If we can avoid putting...be less willfully ignorant.”可知,通过减少对道德的关注,可以防止故意的无知,故选A项。
√
3.In which column of a newspaper can we read the passage
A.Literature. B.Technology.
C.Biology. D.Psychology.
解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知,贯穿文章的关键词是“故意无知”,文章主要探讨了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,通过实验研究了人们在不同情境下的决策行为,并提出了减少“故意无知”的方法。文章内容涉及心理学领域的研究,因此我们很可能在心理学栏目中阅读到该文章,故选D项。
√
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.The reason for willful ignorance.
B.The harmful effects of willful ignorance.
C.The results of willful ignorance.
D.The influence of willful ignorance on environment.
√
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第二段中“We wanted to understand how common willful ignorance is and why people engage in it.”可知,作者通过实验数据,探究了“故意无知”的普遍性和原因,研究发现40%的人为了避免负罪感选择忽视行为后果,而40%的人主动寻求信息以帮助他人。针对该原因,作者建议减少道德压力,鼓励积极地思考善行,以减少“故意无知”,促进更无私的行为。因此,文章总体是呈现“故意无知”的原因,故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
So,what does it take to be great I thoroughly reject the “10 years,10,000 hours” notion that anyone can be an expert if they just put in enough time.　1　
Another reality though is that you can’t control your genes.If you received good ones from your parents,thank them.If you didn’t,don’t blame your parents because they didn’t choose their genes either.
　2　
Inborn ability is certainly a wonderful thing to have been given, but it is a bit overrated.　3　 What this means is that you need inborn ability to be great,but it isn’t enough.The world is full of gifted failures,of “can’t miss kids” who missed.Talent is only the starting point to greatness and,if you’re fortunate enough to have won the genetic lottery,it puts you ahead of the field at the beginning of the race to be great.　4　 You have to work hard,push your limits,and struggle mightily to get to the finish for anything in life worth pursuing greatness in.
Ultimately,being great isn’t about being objectively great because, as noted above,the chances that you will achieve true greatness in some aspect of your life is,statistically,very small.　5　 I define that as fully realizing whatever ability you were born with.That inborn ability may not be enough to be a superstar in your area of achievement,but,if you do what is necessary,you will find a reasonable level of success.
A.Instead,let it go and focus on what you can control.
B.But,of course,races aren’t won at the start,but at the finish.
C.Rather,your goal should be to find your own personal greatness.
D.Inborn ability is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to greatness.
E.You might think that personal greatness isn’t the same as true greatness.
F.The reality is that genes matter,whether inborn intelligence or inborn physical talent.
G.They enjoy the struggles they experienced and the satisfaction of overcoming them.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就怎样才能成为伟大的人发表了自己的观点,即充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力,从而找到一个合理的成功水平。
1.F　[由上文可知,作者这里否定只要时间足够就能成为专家,而F项(事实上,基因很重要,无论是天生的智力还是天生的身体天赋。)符合语境,即提出自己的观点——基因决定能否成为伟人,且The reality 与下文Another reality 对应,故选F项。]
2.A　[由上文可知,这里讲你无法控制你的基因,而A项(相反,不必追究它,专注于你能控制的事情。)符合语境,其中Instead与上文形成转折,can control也与上文 can’t control形成对比,故选A项。]
3.D　[由下文可知,这里讲天生的能力也并不足以让你变得伟大,而D项(天生的能力是伟大的必要不充分因素。)符合语境,其中Inborn ability与上下文对应,下句也对本句进行了解释说明,故选D项。]
4.B　[由上文可知,这里主要讲天赋只是让你起点领先,但不保证终点能领先。而B项(但是,当然,比赛不是在开始时获胜,而是在结束时获胜。)符合语境,其中at the start与上文at the beginning对应,at the finish与下文get to the finish 对应,故选B项。]
5.C　[由下文可知,这里主要讲充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力来实现适合你自己的伟大,而C项(相反,你的目标应该是找到自己的个人伟大之处。)符合语境,其中 your own personal greatness为下文 that的指代内容,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
While cross-stitch (十字绣) 1.　　　　　　　　 (practice) in China for hundreds of years,it is only just becoming popular among average people.Luckily,cross-stitch is a fairly easy art 2.__________ (learn) and there are many patterns available to help people sew 3.__________ (amaze) pictures by themselves.
Sometimes,cross-stitching is done over designs printed on fairly thick fabric,called stamped cross-stitch,4.　　　　　　 more usually the stitcher counts the threads in both directions so that they are even,which 5.　　　　　　 (know) as counted cross-stitch.
The patterns of cross-stitches vary 6.　　　　 (wide),especially depending on the tradition and background of the stitcher.Central European cross-stitching tends to show geometric patterns in one or two colors,and it is also not uncommon to see cross-stitch scenes that incorporate trees,birds,wildlife,flowers and other natural elements.
Chinese-style cross-stitch patterns include elements of unique Chinese culture,many of 7.　　　　　　　　　　 you might find in a 8.　　　　　　　　　　 (tradition) Chinese painting,such as Chinese 9.　　　　　　 (character),Chinese sayings,dragons,mythical gods and so on.Very often,Chinese cross-stitch patterns convey a theme of luck or good wish,which is why cross-stitches are likely to be hung in the home or given 10.　　　　　　 gifts.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术十字绣,包括其所用的材料及其样式等相关内容。
1.has been practiced　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据“for hundreds of years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语cross-stitch 与动词practice之间是被动关系,应用其被动语态。主语为单数,谓语动词应用单数第三人称。]
2.to learn　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作后置定语。]
3.amazing　[考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词;表示“令人惊讶的”应用amazing。]
4.but　[考查并列连词。上文讲十字绣有时候使用印花十字绣完成,下文讲更常见的是计数十字绣。上下文为转折关系,应用but连接。]
5.is known　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;be known as意为“作为……而著名”,为固定搭配,且which指代主句,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。]
6.widely　[考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“vary”。]
7.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且介词后只能用which。“many of which”对先行词进行部分补充说明。]
8.traditional　[考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词“Chinese painting”。]
9.characters　[考查名词的数。Chinese character意为“汉字”, character为可数名词;根据下文中的“Chinese sayings,dragons, mythical gods and so on”可知,此处应用名词复数形式。]
10.as　[考查介词。此处表示作为礼物,as意为“作为”。]

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