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Part 1　Reading Comprehension
Step One:Pre reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
The passage is mainly about how a teacher influenced his students.
Step Two:While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read Text 1 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Graham’s changes and his gratitude to Mr Jenkins.
Para.2　B.Mr Jenkins’ teaching style.
Para.3　C.How Graham’s schoolwork was before he went into Mr Jenkins’ class.
答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 B　Para.3 A
2.Read Text 2 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Mr Jenkins’ beliefs in teaching.
Para.2　B.Mr Jenkins’ impression of Graham.
Para.3　C.Mr Jenkins’ attitude towards students.
答案　Para.1 B　Para.2 C　Para.3 A
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What did Graham love
A.Physics. B.Math.
C.History. D.Science.
2.Graham didn’t behave well because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
A.he was not interested in his lessons
B.he made bad friends after class
C.he disliked his teachers
D.he spent too much time watching movies
3.What is the meaning of the phrase “a willing student”
A.A student who will study.
B.A student who is active in learning.
C.A student who has a strong will.
D.A student who has an interest in everything.
4.How do you understand the quotation “Education is not preparation for life;education is life itself.”
A.Education should be combined with life.
B.Education is not an end but a means to an end.
C.Education should prepare students for life not only at school but also in later life.
D.Education should be through one’s whole life.
5.How are the two texts mainly organized
A.By giving definition.
B.By giving examples.
C.By the order of time.
D.By comparison.
答案　1.D　2.A　3.B　4.D　5.D
Step Three:Post reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
[学会断句]　本句是复合句,主句为主系表结构:The only thing is that...,I can remember from school maths是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing;系动词is后是由that引导的表语从句。
尝试翻译:我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度!
2.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
[学会断句]　本句是复合句,主句为主系表结构:The thing is that...,介词短语about being a teacher 作主句主语The thing的后置定语,系动词is后是that引导的表语从句,从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句。
尝试翻译:做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class,science had simply been a subject 1.that/which was boring and difficult for him.He was even famous for his bad 2.behavio(u)r(behave).Mr Jenkins still remembers the first day Graham went into his class:he 3.was dragging(drag) his schoolbag behind him and looking 4.bored(bore),but as soon as Mr Jenkins set up 5.an experiment,Graham gave 6.his(he) full attention.Graham was a bright student but his problem was that he lacked confidence.It was Mr Jenkins who made him feel that he had his own 7.strengths(strength).Now,Graham is a successful person 8.explaining(explain) science to an audience.From Graham’s example,Mr Jenkins realizes that it is important to find out 9.what each student is good at.He is 10.firmly(firm) convinced that he has chosen a job with a lot of stress but he loves what he does and thinks what he is doing is worthwhile.
[原文呈现] My Teacher
I haven’t seen Mr Jenkins since I left school[1],but I often think about him.I wasn’t very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins.I suppose I was a bit lazy,especially in maths.The only thing I can remember from school maths [2]is that the angles of a triangle add up to① 180 degrees[3]!But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject for the first time②.
[1]此处是since引导的时间状语从句,其对应的主句常用现在完成时。
[2]此处是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。关系词如果在从句中作宾语或表语,可以省略。
[3]此处是that引导的表语从句,指代主语The only thing的具体内容。
Before Mr Jenkins taught me,science had simply been a subject full of strange words③ to me.I had no idea what hydrogen was[4],and I didn’t really want to know,either! I found it all so boring and difficult[5].But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting[6].He used to④ explain things which seemed difficult[7] with lots of practical examples and in simple language⑤.One day,he took us outside,and we built a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into⑥ the rocket,and then another student lit⑦ a match to set it off⑧.It was great fun.
[4]此处是what引导的同位语从句,解释抽象名词idea的具体内容。
[5]此处是find的复合结构:find+宾语+宾补,宾语是代词it,宾补是形容词boring and difficult。理解成“认为这一切都很枯燥也很难”。
[6]此处是make的复合结构,同find的复合结构。make在此是使役动词,理解成“让一切变得有趣”。
[7]此处是which引导的定语从句,which也可以换成that。
I know that I wasn’t a willing student⑨,but I wasn’t slow to learn new things.The problem was that I lacked confidence⑩ in myself.Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths .I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.That was really the first time I had tried to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! Often when I’m preparing a programme,I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it.Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion[8]!
[8]此处是if only 引导的从句,常用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望,意为“要是……就好了”。
[名师圈点]
①add up to 合计达,总计达
②for the first time初次,第一次
③full of strange words满是奇怪的词语
④used to过去经常,曾经
⑤in simple language用简单的语言
⑥pour...into...投入(倒)……于某物
⑦light /laIt/ vt.(lit/lighted,lit/lighted)点燃
⑧set...off 使……爆炸
⑨a willing student一个主动学习的学生
⑩lack /l k/ vt.缺乏
lack confidence 缺乏信心
strength /stre θ/ n.长处,优点(反义词:weekness);体力;力气;实力;毅力
be interested in 对……感兴趣
presentation / prez n teI n/ n.报告;陈述,说服
give a presentation 做演讲,做介绍;做展示
My Student
I’ve read a couple of① Graham’s books and seen him on TV.I always say to my wife,“Oh look,I used to teach him!” I remember Graham was very difficult② before he came into my class.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.Once I caught him and his friends seeing[1] who could jump the farthest off the school stage[2]! But when he got interested,he changed.The first day he walked into my class,he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored[3],but as soon as I set up an experiment③ to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion[4],he gave me his full attention.He loved science! He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.
[1]catch sb doing sth 意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
[2]off表示“从某处离开”,off the school stage意为“离学校舞台(多远的距离)”。
[3]dragging和looking是并列谓语动词。
[4]此处是how引导的宾语从句,表示show的内容。using acid and an onion为现在分词短语作方式状语。
However,I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham[5].I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student[6].Look at Graham! Everyone is good at something and it’s important to find out④ what that is for each student.We teachers should have more time to make friends with⑤ all our students and really understand them.Then we could make sure⑥ that we would find the path to success⑦,both at school and in later life⑧,for all of them.
[5]not与all连用,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是”。
[6]there’s no such thing as...表示“没有像……这样的事情”。
I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to⑨ children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn[7].If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into⑩ such a successful adult,then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile[8].As John Dewey,the famous educationalist,said,“Education is not preparation for life;education is life itself.”
[7]此处是that引导的表语从句,从句里包含了when引导的时间状语从句。
[8]此句是主从复合句,If引导条件状语从句,其中又包含了what引导的主语从句。
①a couple of 一些,几个;一双,一对
②difficult / dIfIk lt/ adj.难相处的;问题很多的
③set up(=conduct/perform)an experiment 做实验
④find out弄清楚,弄明白
⑤make friends with sb与某人交朋友
⑥make sure 确保
⑦the path to success成功之路
⑧in later life 在以后的生活中
⑨have access to 有机会……
⑩turn...into...把……转变成……
preparation / prep re n/ n.准备;预备
make preparations for为……做准备
[参考译文] 我的老师
自从毕业以来我没有见过詹金斯先生,不过我时常想起他。遇到詹金斯先生以前,大多数科目我都不是很擅长。我想我有点懒惰,特别是在数学方面。我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度!但是在15岁那年,我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂,第一次对一门科目真正产生了兴趣。
在上詹金斯先生的课之前,科学课对我来说满是奇怪的词语。我不知道氢是什么,而且也不想知道!我觉得这些东西都很枯燥也很难。但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。他过去常常用许多实用的例子和简单的语言来解释看上去很难的问题。有一天,他把我们带到户外,一起制造了一枚火箭!我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭,然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。这非常有趣。
我知道自己不是一个主动学习的学生,但我学习新事物并不慢,问题是我对自己缺乏信心。 詹金斯先生让我认识到自己有长处。我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣,他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。这真的是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识,现在这成了我的工作!在准备项目时,我常会想如果是詹金斯先生,他会怎么做。有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
我的学生
我读了几本格雷厄姆的书,也在电视上看到过他。我总会对妻子说:“喏,看,我曾经教过他!”我记得格雷厄姆来我的班上之前有比较大的问题。我听说过一些他的不良行为。 有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!但当他对学习产生兴趣时,他变了。第一天走进我的班级时,他的书包在身后拖着,一幅百无聊赖的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做个展示人类的胃如何运作的实验时,他全神贯注。他热爱科学!他非常聪明,科学课学得非常好。
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。看看格雷厄姆!每个人都有擅长的事,重要的是要弄清楚每个学生擅长的是什么。我们老师应该花更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友,真正了解他们。这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路,不管在学业上还是在以后的生活中。
　　我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作,但我热爱我的工作。做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子转变为如此成功的人,那么我知道我做的是值得的。正如著名教育家约翰·杜威所说:“教育不是为生活做准备;教育就是生活本身。”
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
Students at an elementary school in California,with the help of their art teacher,created a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times.In just days,the hotline began getting thousands of calls an hour.
Jessica Martin,who teaches art at West Side School in Healdsburg,California,thought her students just might have the magic words needed to bring calmness to people in these difficult times.“To hear the pure joy from kids is extremely comforting,” she says.
Ms.Martin,along with artist Asherah Weiss,worked with students at West Side on a project they called “PepToc”.Actually,they called it “Pep Talk” first.But when Ms.Martin’s 6 year old son drew an advertisement for the hotline and spelled it “PepToc”,they decided they liked that even better.
The project had two parts—one was the hotline,and the other was creating encouraging posters.
The hotline is available in English and Spanish.It offers the happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive messages.For example,by pressing 3,you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together,“You can do it! Keep trying and don’t give up!” Pressing 4 triggers the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a smile to anyone’s face.Pressing 1 brings up ideas for people who are “feeling mad,frustrated,or nervous”.Helpful suggestions include:“punch your pillow”,or “go get a cookie”.Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”.This includes messages like:“The world is a better place with you in it.” And “You are okay!”
Other students took part in making encouraging posters,which were hung up around the town.Many posters had strips of paper that people passing by could tear off and take with them.For example,one poster said “If you are mad,think of positive thoughts”,and had tear off strips reminding people to “Be happy”.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了加州一所小学的学生在艺术老师马丁女士的帮助下创建了一条热线,让人们可以获得来自孩子们的乐观建议以助于缓解情绪。
1.What do we know about the PepToc project
A.The project has not started yet.
B.It got its present name by accident.
C.Its hotline only provides English service.
D.Jessica Martin will answer the hotline calls.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when Ms.Martin’s 6 year old...they liked that even better.”可知,PepToc项目现在的名字是偶然得到的,故选B项。]
2.You can press 　　　　to hear kids’ laughter when calling the hotline.
A.1 B.2
C.3 D.4
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Pressing 4 triggers the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a smile to anyone’s face.”可知,拨打热线时,按4可以听到孩子们的笑声,故选D项。]
3.What can passers by do with the posters
A.They can add their comments to the posters.
B.They can take away the posters’ strips.
C.They can take photos for posters for free.
D.They can redesign the posters.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many posters had strips of paper that people passing by could tear off and take with them.”可知,路人可以拿走海报的纸条,故选B项。]
4.Who is the hotline possibly targeted at
A.Newborn babies.
B.Relaxed vacationers.
C.Experienced advice providers.
D.Mentally stressed adults.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Students...to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times.”及第二段中“Jessica Martin...to bring calmness to people in these difficult times.”及第五段中“It offers the happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive messages.”可知,这条热线电话针对的是精神压力大的成年人,为他们提供安慰和建议,故选D项。]
B
If you’ve ever been pleasant to a rude customer while waiting tables,or smilingly received a truly ugly sweater as a gift,you’ve participated in a display rule.This is hiding a negative emotion usually to promote harmony between two individuals.However,they can have negative consequences for the person suppressing a negative emotion or opinion.
As daily interactions become increasingly virtual,display rules are changing.A group of researchers from the University of Tokyo in Japan set out to answer the questions of how emojis are used to reflect emotions in different contexts,if the same display rules apply to emojis,and how they affect a person’s well being.
The study observed 1,289 participants who use Simeji,the most downloaded emoji keyboard in Japan,and how the emojis were used to either express an emotion or mask it.The participants answered questions about their subjective well being,and rated how often they use emojis.They were also given messages with different social contexts and asked to respond to them as they would normally,and then rated the intensity of the expression of their emotions.
The study found that texters chose to express more emotions via emoji with people in a private context or with a close friend.The respondents expressed the least amount of emotion with higher status individuals.The most intense expressions of emotion came with matching emojis,unless the respondents felt the need to mask their true feelings,such as using a smiling emoji to mask sadness.Only when negative feelings were very strongly felt did the respondents use a negative emoji.Additionally,using emojis to express emotions was associated with higher subjective well being compared to masking emotions.
The researchers would like to expand this study with a larger and more varied sample,including more males since the Simeji keyboard is more popular among young women and from different cultural backgrounds.
“First,the highly gender imbalanced sample may have led to stronger results.Future research should explore potential gender differences in emoji display rules,” said a researcher.“Second,Japanese culture’s emphasis on interpersonal harmony and concealment (隐瞒) of negative emotions may have influenced the results.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于表情符号使用与情感表达的研究。研究探讨了在不同社交情境下,人们如何使用表情符号来反映或隐藏情绪,以及这种行为如何影响个人的幸福感。
5.Why do people apply display rules
A.To keep the peace.
B.To make more friends.
C.To avoid being hurt.
D.To create a good impression.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“This is hiding a negative emotion usually to promote harmony between two individuals.”可知,人们应用展示规则是为了保持和谐,即维持和平,故选A项。]
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The research findings.
B.The research process.
C.The research subjects.
D.The research purpose.
答案　B　[段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了研究的观察对象、参与者回答的问题、评级的内容等,详细介绍了研究的过程,故选B项。]
7.What did the study find about the participants’ use of emojis
A.It was influenced by different contexts.
B.It promoted interpersonal relationships.
C.It improved their subjective well being.
D.It was a way of masking their true feelings.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段“The study found that texters chose...with higher status individuals.”可知,参与者使用表情符号受到不同情境的影响,故选A项。]
8.Why do the researchers want to expand the study
A.To make it known to more people.
B.To achieve more convincing results.
C.To benefit people from different cultures.
D.To explore gender differences in emoji use.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,研究人员想要扩大研究是因为当前研究存在样本性别不平衡、背景文化单一等问题,可能导致结果不够准确,因此扩大研究是为了获得更有说服力的结果,故选B项。]
C
There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees;another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters.The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing.The relationship can be similar to friendship.However,the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love,which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina,27 years old,said,“I love spending time with my mom,but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend.Best friends don’t pay for your wedding.Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying.This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common,which increases the likelihood of shared companionship.Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers,responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions.Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology,which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends,but for better or worse,the mother and daughter relationship is permanent,even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking.Sometimes this is not an equal relationship.Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well being.But mothers never stop being mothers,which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness.The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.Mothers always “trump (胜过)”friends.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对母女关系的看法以及作者认为母女关系与友谊的不同之处。
9.What can we learn from what Marina said
A.Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.
B.Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.
C.Her mother is wiser on account of her age.
D.Her mother is anything but her best friend.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Marina,27 years old,said,‘I love spending time with my mom,but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend...20 years longer than you.’”可知,玛丽娜认为母亲绝非最好的朋友,故选D项。]
10.Why can a mother and a daughter build a closer relationship
A.Because they share advanced technology with each other.
B.Because they work together to support the whole family.
C.Because they experience the same values and traditions.
D.Because they have common experience in life and work.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience...bring them even closer together.”可推知,母亲和女儿可以建立更亲密的关系是因为她们在生活和工作中有共同经验,故选D项。]
11.What do we know from the text
A.The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.
B.A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.
D.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friendship.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.Mothers always ‘trump(胜过)’ friends.”可推知,母女关系不同于朋友关系但超越朋友关系,故选D项。]
12.What is the text mainly about
A.How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.
B.A mother daughter relationship is irreplaceable.
C.Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.
D.A daughter is a mother’s best friend.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了女儿和母亲之间亲密又特别的关系。虽然母亲永远无法和女儿成为最亲近的朋友,但她们之间的关系无可替代,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How do you respond when someone else sets a boundary You might hear the word “boundaries” and imagine walls that separate you from other people.In a sense,that’s true.But boundaries aren’t necessarily a bad thing.In fact,they’re an important ingredient in healthy and balanced relationships.　1　
You’re not the only one who can set boundaries.　2　 Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or “put in your place”.
You may notice some negative emotions rushing to the surface as you try to immediately defend your actions.Keep in mind that you are not losing anything but gaining knowledge of what makes the person in your life feel safe and happy.
　3　 If you’re feeling upset,deep,slow breathing can calm your nervous system’s “fight or flight” response.This makes it easier for you to receive information rather than prepare for an argument.
Remember that you both have your own way of processing and feeling emotions.Try not to assume what your partner needs before they say it out loud.　4　
Apologize when necessary.You’re only human,and we all make mistakes.Maybe you accidentally overstepped a boundary by making an offensive joke or oversharing when you’ve been asked not to.　5　 Ask for clarity if you feel you need it.
By learning to accept and acknowledge other people’s boundaries,you can start to think about how you can improve your own connections with others.Ultimately,effective boundaries can leave you both feeling empowered and result in a healthier,more satisfying relationship.
A.Take time to breathe and listen.
B.When someone voices a restriction,you might feel a sense of shame or frustration.
C.Allow them space to voice their needs and wants.
D.When someone reaffirms the boundary,be humble enough to apologize for your mistake.
E.You’ll need to adjust it as circumstances change and relationships grow.
F.They’re also a crucial part of maintaining mental health and physical well being.
G.Learning how to set and maintain boundaries can change many aspects of your life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了界限在人际关系中的重要性以及如何应对他人的界限。
1.F　[本句为本段最后一句,对上文进行补充说明,继续解释界限的重要意义。F选项“它们也是保持身心健康的重要组成部分”符合语境,故选F项。]
2.B　[根据上文“You’re not the only one who can set boundaries.”以及后文“Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or ‘put in your place’”可知,后文提到觉得自己被责骂了,推测本句是在说明对于界限的负面感受。B选项“当有人提出限制时,你可能会感到羞耻或沮丧”符合语境,故选B项。]
3.A　[后文提到了深呼吸以及接收信息,A选项“花点时间深呼吸和倾听”符合语境,其中breathe对应后文“deep,slow breathing”。故选A项。]
4.C　[上文提到不要去猜测伴侣需要什么,说明建议让对方自我表达需求,C选项“给他们表达需求的空间”符合语境,故选C项。]
5.D　[上文提到了不小心越界,推测本句是在说明越界时的应对方法。D选项“当有人重申界限时,要谦虚地为你的错误道歉”符合语境,故选D项。](共76张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Part 1　Reading Comprehension
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The passage is mainly about how a teacher influenced his students.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read Text 1 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Graham’s changes and his gratitude to Mr Jenkins.
Para.2　B.Mr Jenkins’ teaching style.
Para.3　C.How Graham’s schoolwork was before he went into Mr
Jenkins’ class.
答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 B　Para.3 A
2.Read Text 2 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Mr Jenkins’ beliefs in teaching.
Para.2　B.Mr Jenkins’ impression of Graham.
Para.3　C.Mr Jenkins’ attitude towards students.
答案　Para.1 B　Para.2 C　Para.3 A
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
good
lazy
maths
confidence
interesting
difficult
simple
encouraged
strengths
interested
difficult
attention
loved
bright
science
friends
understand
access
preparation
life
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What did Graham love
A.Physics. B.Math.
C.History. D.Science.
√
2.Graham didn’t behave well because 　　　　　.
A.he was not interested in his lessons
B.he made bad friends after class
C.he disliked his teachers
D.he spent too much time watching movies
√
3.What is the meaning of the phrase “a willing student”
A.A student who will study.
B.A student who is active in learning.
C.A student who has a strong will.
D.A student who has an interest in everything.
√
4.How do you understand the quotation “Education is not preparation for life;education is life itself.”
A.Education should be combined with life.
B.Education is not an end but a means to an end.
C.Education should prepare students for life not only at school but also in later life.
D.Education should be through one’s whole life.
√
5.How are the two texts mainly organized
A.By giving definition.
B.By giving examples.
C.By the order of time.
D.By comparison.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
[学会断句]　本句是复合句,主句为主系表结构:The only thing is that...,I can remember from school maths是省略关系代词_________
的定语从句,修饰先行词　　　　　　　　;系动词is后是由________
引导的表语从句。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
that
The only thing
that
我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度!
2.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
[学会断句]　本句是复合句,主句为主系表结构:The thing is that...,介词短语about being a teacher 作主句主语　　　　　　的后置定语,系动词is后是　　　　引导的表语从句,从句中包含　　　　　引导的时间状语从句。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The thing
that
when
做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class,science had simply been a subject 1.　　　　　　　　　 was boring and difficult for him.He was even famous for his bad 2.　　　　　　(behave).Mr Jenkins still remembers the first day Graham went into his class:he
3.　　　　　　　　　　(drag) his schoolbag behind him and looking 4.　　　　　　(bore),but as soon as Mr Jenkins set up 5.
that/which
behavio(u)r
was dragging
bored
an
experiment,Graham gave 6.　　　　　　(he) full attention.Graham was a bright student but his problem was that he lacked confidence.It was Mr Jenkins who made him feel that he had his own 7.　　　　　　　　　 (strength). Now,Graham is a successful person 8.　　　　　　(explain) science to an audience.From Graham’s example,Mr Jenkins realizes that it is important to find out
9.　　　　　　　 each student is good at.He is 10.　　　　　　(firm) convinced that he has chosen a job with a lot of stress but he loves what he does and thinks what he is doing is worthwhile.
his
strengths
explaining
what
firmly
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
My Teacher
I haven’t seen Mr Jenkins since I left school[1],but I often think about him.I wasn’t very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins.I suppose I was a bit lazy,especially in maths.The only thing I can remember from school maths [2]is that the angles of a triangle add up to① 180 degrees[3]!But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject for the first time②.
[原文呈现]
[1]此处是since引导的时间状语从句,其对应的主句常用现在完成时。
[2]此处是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。关系词如果在从句中作宾语或表语,可以省略。
[3]此处是that引导的表语从句,指代主语The only thing的具体内容。
Before Mr Jenkins taught me,science had simply been a subject full of strange words③ to me.I had no idea what hydrogen was[4],and I didn’t really want to know,either! I found it all so boring and difficult[5].But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting[6].He used to④ explain things which seemed difficult[7] with lots of practical examples and in simple language⑤.One day,he took us outside,and we built a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into⑥ the rocket,and then another student lit⑦ a match to set it off⑧.It was great fun.
[4]此处是what引导的同位语从句,解释抽象名词idea的具体内容。
[5]此处是find的复合结构:find+宾语+宾补,宾语是代词it,宾补是形容词boring and difficult。理解成“认为这一切都很枯燥也很难”。
[6]此处是make的复合结构,同find的复合结构。make在此是使役动词,理解成“让一切变得有趣”。
[7]此处是which引导的定语从句,which也可以换成that。
I know that I wasn’t a willing student⑨,but I wasn’t slow to learn new things.The problem was that I lacked confidence⑩ in myself.Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths .I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.That was really the first time I had tried to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! Often when I’m preparing a programme,I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it.Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion[8]!
[8]此处是if only 引导的从句,常用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望,意为“要是……就好了”。
[名师圈点]
①add up to 合计达,总计达
②for the first time初次,第一次
③full of strange words满是奇怪的词语
④used to过去经常,曾经
⑤in simple language用简单的语言
⑥pour...into...投入(倒)……于某物
⑦light /laIt/ vt.(lit/lighted,lit/lighted)点燃
⑧set...off 使……爆炸
⑨a willing student一个主动学习的学生
⑩lack /l k/ vt.缺乏
lack confidence 缺乏信心
strength /stre θ/ n.长处,优点(反义词:weekness);
体力;力气;实力;毅力
be interested in 对……感兴趣
presentation / prez n teI n/ n.报告;陈述,说服
give a presentation 做演讲,做介绍;做展示
My Student
I’ve read a couple of① Graham’s books and seen him on TV.I always say to my wife,“Oh look,I used to teach him!” I remember Graham was very difficult② before he came into my class.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.Once I caught him and his friends seeing[1] who could jump the farthest off the school stage[2]! But when he got interested,he changed.The first day he walked into my class,he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored[3],but as soon as I set up an experiment③ to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion[4],he gave me his full attention.He loved science! He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.
[1]catch sb doing sth 意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
[2]off表示“从某处离开”,off the school stage意为“离学校舞台(多远的距离)”。
[3]dragging和looking是并列谓语动词。
[4]此处是how引导的宾语从句,表示show的内容。using acid and an onion为现在分词短语作方式状语。
However,I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham[5].I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student[6].Look at Graham! Everyone is good at something and it’s important to find out④ what that is for each student.We teachers should have more time to make friends with⑤ all our students and really understand them.Then we could make sure⑥ that we would find the path to success⑦,both at school and in later life⑧,for all of them.
[5]not与all连用,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是”。
[6]there’s no such thing as...表示“没有像……这样的事情”。
I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to⑨ children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn[7].If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into⑩ such a successful adult,then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile[8].As John Dewey,the famous educationalist,said,“Education is not preparation for life;education is life itself.”
[7]此处是that引导的表语从句,从句里包含了when引导的时间状语从句。
[8]此句是主从复合句,If引导条件状语从句,其中又包含了what引导的主语从句。
①a couple of 一些,几个;一双,一对
②difficult / dIfIk lt/ adj.难相处的;问题很多的
③set up(=conduct/perform)an experiment 做实验
④find out弄清楚,弄明白
⑤make friends with sb与某人交朋友
⑥make sure 确保
⑦the path to success成功之路
⑧in later life 在以后的生活中
⑨have access to 有机会……
⑩turn...into...把……转变成……
preparation / prep re n/ n.准备;预备
make preparations for为……做准备
[参考译文]
我的老师
自从毕业以来我没有见过詹金斯先生,不过我时常想起他。遇到詹金斯先生以前,大多数科目我都不是很擅长。我想我有点懒惰,特别是在数学方面。我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度!但是在15岁那年,我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂,第一次对一门科目真正产生了兴趣。
在上詹金斯先生的课之前,科学课对我来说满是奇怪的词语。我不知道氢是什么,而且也不想知道!我觉得这些东西都很枯燥也很难。但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。他过去常常用许多实用的例子和简单的语言来解释看上去很难的问题。有一天,他把我们带到户外,一起制造了一枚火箭!我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭,然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。这非常有趣。
我知道自己不是一个主动学习的学生,但我学习新事物并不慢,问题是我对自己缺乏信心。 詹金斯先生让我认识到自己有长处。我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣,他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。这真的是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识,现在这成了我的工作!在准备项目时,我常会想如果是詹金斯先生,他会怎么做。有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
我的学生
我读了几本格雷厄姆的书,也在电视上看到过他。我总会对妻子说:“喏,看,我曾经教过他!”我记得格雷厄姆来我的班上之前有比较大的问题。我听说过一些他的不良行为。 有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!但当他对学习产生兴趣时,他变了。第一天走进我的班级时,他的书包在身后拖着,一幅百无聊赖的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做个展示人类的胃如何运作的实验时,他全神贯注。他热爱科学!他非常聪明,科学课学得非常好。
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。看看格雷厄姆!每个人都有擅长的事,重要的是要弄清楚每个学生擅长的是什么。我们老师应该花更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友,真正了解他们。这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路,不管在学业上还是在以后的生活中。
　　我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作,但我热爱我的工作。做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子转变为如此成功的人,那么我知道我做的是值得的。正如著名教育家约翰·杜威所说:“教育不是为生活做准备;教育就是生活本身。”
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
Students at an elementary school in California,with the help of their art teacher,created a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times.In just days,the hotline began getting thousands of calls an hour.
Jessica Martin,who teaches art at West Side School in Healdsburg,California,thought her students just might have the magic words needed to bring calmness to people in these difficult times.“To hear the pure joy from kids is extremely comforting,” she says.
Ms.Martin,along with artist Asherah Weiss,worked with students at West Side on a project they called “PepToc”.Actually,they called it “Pep Talk” first.But when Ms.Martin’s 6 year old son drew an advertisement for the hotline and spelled it “PepToc”,they decided they liked that even better.
The project had two parts—one was the hotline,and the other was creating encouraging posters.
The hotline is available in English and Spanish.It offers the happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive messages. For example,by pressing 3,you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together,“You can do it! Keep trying and don’t give up!” Pressing 4 triggers the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a smile to anyone’s face.Pressing 1 brings up ideas for people who are “feeling mad,frustrated,or nervous”.Helpful suggestions include:“punch your pillow”,or “go get a cookie”.Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”.This includes messages like:“The world is a better place with you in it.” And “You are okay!”
Other students took part in making encouraging posters,which were hung up around the town.Many posters had strips of paper that people passing by could tear off and take with them.For example,one poster said “If you are mad,think of positive thoughts”,and had tear off strips reminding people to “Be happy”.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了加州一所小学的学生在艺术老师马丁女士的帮助下创建了一条热线,让人们可以获得来自孩子们的乐观建议以助于缓解情绪。
1.What do we know about the PepToc project
A.The project has not started yet.
B.It got its present name by accident.
C.Its hotline only provides English service.
D.Jessica Martin will answer the hotline calls.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when Ms.Martin’s 6-year-old...they liked that even better.”可知,PepToc项目现在的名字是偶然得到的,故选B项。
√
2.You can press 　　　　to hear kids’ laughter when calling the hotline.
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“Pressing 4 triggers the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a smile to anyone’s face.”可知,拨打热线时,按4可以听到孩子们的笑声,故选D项。
√
3.What can passers-by do with the posters
A.They can add their comments to the posters.
B.They can take away the posters’ strips.
C.They can take photos for posters for free.
D.They can redesign the posters.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many posters had strips of paper that people passing by could tear off and take with them.”可知,路人可以拿走海报的纸条,故选B项。
√
4.Who is the hotline possibly targeted at
A.Newborn babies. B.Relaxed vacationers.
C.Experienced advice providers. D.Mentally stressed adults.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Students...to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times.”及第二段中“Jessica Martin...to bring calmness to people in these difficult times.”及第五段中“It offers the happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive messages.”可知,这条热线电话针对的是精神压力大的成年人,为他们提供安慰和建议,故选D项。
√
B
If you’ve ever been pleasant to a rude customer while waiting tables,or smilingly received a truly ugly sweater as a gift,you’ve participated in a display rule.This is hiding a negative emotion usually to promote harmony between two individuals.However,they can have negative consequences for the person suppressing a negative emotion or opinion.
As daily interactions become increasingly virtual,display rules are changing.A group of researchers from the University of Tokyo in Japan set out to answer the questions of how emojis are used to reflect emotions in different contexts,if the same display rules apply to emojis,and how they affect a person’s well-being.
The study observed 1,289 participants who use Simeji,the most-downloaded emoji keyboard in Japan,and how the emojis were used to either express an emotion or mask it.The participants answered questions about their subjective well-being,and rated how often they use emojis.They were also given messages with different social contexts and asked to respond to them as they would normally,and then rated the intensity of the expression of their emotions.
The study found that texters chose to express more emotions via emoji with people in a private context or with a close friend.The respondents expressed the least amount of emotion with higher-status individuals.The most intense expressions of emotion came with matching emojis,unless the respondents felt the need to mask their true feelings,such as using a smiling emoji to mask sadness.Only when negative feelings were very strongly felt did the respondents use a negative emoji.Additionally,using emojis to express emotions was associated with higher subjective well-being compared to masking emotions.
The researchers would like to expand this study with a larger and more varied sample,including more males since the Simeji keyboard is more popular among young women and from different cultural backgrounds.
“First,the highly gender-imbalanced sample may have led to stronger results.Future research should explore potential gender differences in emoji display rules,” said a researcher.“Second, Japanese culture’s emphasis on interpersonal harmony and concealment (隐瞒) of negative emotions may have influenced the results.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于表情符号使用与情感表达的研究。研究探讨了在不同社交情境下,人们如何使用表情符号来反映或隐藏情绪,以及这种行为如何影响个人的幸福感。
5.Why do people apply display rules
A.To keep the peace.
B.To make more friends.
C.To avoid being hurt.
D.To create a good impression.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“This is hiding a negative emotion usually to promote harmony between two individuals.”可知,人们应用展示规则是为了保持和谐,即维持和平,故选A项。
√
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The research findings.
B.The research process.
C.The research subjects.
D.The research purpose.
解析　段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了研究的观察对象、参与者回答的问题、评级的内容等,详细介绍了研究的过程,故选B项。
√
7.What did the study find about the participants’ use of emojis
A.It was influenced by different contexts.
B.It promoted interpersonal relationships.
C.It improved their subjective well-being.
D.It was a way of masking their true feelings.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“The study found that texters chose...with higher-status individuals.”可知,参与者使用表情符号受到不同情境的影响,故选A项。
√
8.Why do the researchers want to expand the study
A.To make it known to more people.
B.To achieve more convincing results.
C.To benefit people from different cultures.
D.To explore gender differences in emoji use.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,研究人员想要扩大研究是因为当前研究存在样本性别不平衡、背景文化单一等问题,可能导致结果不够准确,因此扩大研究是为了获得更有说服力的结果,故选B项。
√
C
There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees;another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters.The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing.The relationship can be similar to friendship.However,the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love,which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina,27 years old,said,“I love spending time with my mom,but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend.Best friends don’t pay for your wedding.Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying.This generation of mothers and adult daughters
has a lot in common,which increases the likelihood of shared companionship.Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers,responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions.Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology,which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends,but for better or worse,the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking.Sometimes this is not an equal relationship.Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being.But mothers never stop being mothers,which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness.The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.Mothers always “trump (胜过)”friends.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对母女关系的看法以及作者认为母女关系与友谊的不同之处。
9.What can we learn from what Marina said
A.Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.
B.Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.
C.Her mother is wiser on account of her age.
D.Her mother is anything but her best friend.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Marina,27 years old,said,‘I love spending time with my mom,but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend...20 years longer than you.’”可知,玛丽娜认为母亲绝非最好的朋友,故选D项。
√
10.Why can a mother and a daughter build a closer relationship
A.Because they share advanced technology with each other.
B.Because they work together to support the whole family.
C.Because they experience the same values and traditions.
D.Because they have common experience in life and work.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience...bring them even closer together.”可推知,母亲和女儿可以建立更亲密的关系是因为她们在生活和工作中有共同经验,故选D项。
√
11.What do we know from the text
A.The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.
B.A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.
D.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friendship.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always ‘trump(胜过)’ friends.”可推知,母女关系不同于朋友关系但超越朋友关系,故选D项。
√
12.What is the text mainly about
A.How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.
B.A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.
C.Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.
D.A daughter is a mother’s best friend.
解析　主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了女儿和母亲之间亲密又特别的关系。虽然母亲永远无法和女儿成为最亲近的朋友,但她们之间的关系无可替代,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How do you respond when someone else sets a boundary You might hear the word “boundaries” and imagine walls that separate you from other people.In a sense,that’s true.But boundaries aren’t necessarily a bad thing.In fact,they’re an important ingredient in healthy and balanced relationships.　1　
You’re not the only one who can set boundaries.　2　 Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or “put in your place”.
You may notice some negative emotions rushing to the surface as you try to immediately defend your actions.Keep in mind that you are not losing anything but gaining knowledge of what makes the person in your life feel safe and happy.
　3　 If you’re feeling upset,deep,slow breathing can calm your nervous system’s “fight or flight” response.This makes it easier for you to receive information rather than prepare for an argument.
Remember that you both have your own way of processing and feeling emotions.Try not to assume what your partner needs before they say it out loud.　4　
Apologize when necessary.You’re only human,and we all make mistakes.Maybe you accidentally overstepped a boundary by making an offensive joke or oversharing when you’ve been asked not to.　5　 Ask for clarity if you feel you need it.
By learning to accept and acknowledge other people’s boundaries,you can start to think about how you can improve your own connections with others.Ultimately,effective boundaries can leave you both feeling empowered and result in a healthier,more satisfying relationship.
A.Take time to breathe and listen.
B.When someone voices a restriction,you might feel a sense of shame or frustration.
C.Allow them space to voice their needs and wants.
D.When someone reaffirms the boundary,be humble enough to apologize for your mistake.
E.You’ll need to adjust it as circumstances change and relationships grow.
F.They’re also a crucial part of maintaining mental health and physical well-being.
G.Learning how to set and maintain boundaries can change many aspects of your life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了界限在人际关系中的重要性以及如何应对他人的界限。
1.F　[本句为本段最后一句,对上文进行补充说明,继续解释界限的重要意义。F选项“它们也是保持身心健康的重要组成部分”符合语境,故选F项。]
2.B　[根据上文“You’re not the only one who can set boundaries.”以及后文“Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or ‘put in your place’”可知,后文提到觉得自己被责骂了,推测本句是在说明对于界限的负面感受。B选项“当有人提出限制时,你可能会感到羞耻或沮丧”符合语境,故选B项。]
3.A　[后文提到了深呼吸以及接收信息,A选项“花点时间深呼吸和倾听”符合语境,其中breathe对应后文“deep,slow breathing”。故选A项。]
4.C　[上文提到不要去猜测伴侣需要什么,说明建议让对方自我表达需求,C选项“给他们表达需求的空间”符合语境,故选C项。]
5.D　[上文提到了不小心越界,推测本句是在说明越界时的应对方法。D选项“当有人重申界限时,要谦虚地为你的错误道歉”符合语境,故选D项。]
Thanks！
本
讲
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结
束Part 2　Language Points
(Topic Talk & Lesson 1 & Lesson 2)
[核心单词·练通]
1.pour /p / vt.灌,注,倒
2.lack /l k/ vt.缺乏
3.behaviour /bI heIvj / n.行为,举止
4.drag /dr ɡ/ vt.拖,拉
5.worthwhile / w θ waIl/ adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
[拓展单词·用活]
1.practical / pr ktIk l/ adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的→practice n.& v.练习→practically adv.实际地;切实可行地
2.presentation / prez n teI n/ n.报告;陈述,说明→present vt.授予;呈现 n.礼物
3.access / kses/ n.进入;接触的机会→
accessible adj.易接近的;可达到的;易取得的
4.educationalist / edj keI n lIst/ n.教育(学)家→educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educational adj.教育的;有教育意义的
[阅读单词·识记]
1.angle / ɡ l/ n.角
2.triangle / traI ɡ l/ n.三角形
3.rocket / r kIt/ n.火箭
4.fuel / fju l/ n.燃料
5.hydrogen / haIdr d n/ n.氢
6.acid / sId/ n.酸
7.onion / nj n/ n.洋葱
[重点短语·再现]
1.used to 过去经常,曾经
2.add up to 合计达,总计达
3.set off (使)爆炸;引发(爆炸);出发
4.set up 建立;安排;策划;引发;产生
5.make sure 确保
6.have access to 有……的机会;可以进入/接近……
7.for the first time 初次,第一次
8.pour into 投入(倒)……于某物
9.a couple of 一些,几个;一双,一对
10.make friends with 和……交朋友
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　It is clear that...
[教材原句]　It’s clear that your mother loves you very much!
显然,你的妈妈是非常爱你的!
2.[句型公式]　强调谓语动词
[教材原句]　But I do understand my teacher’s intention.　不过,我确实理解老师的意图。
3.[句型公式]　find+宾语+宾补
[教材原句]　I found it all so boring and difficult.　我觉得这些东西都很枯燥也很难。
4.[句型公式]　 if only引导虚拟条件句
[教材原句]　Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
5.[句型公式]　catch+宾语+宾补
[教材原句]　Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage!
有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!
6.[句型公式]　not...all表示部分否定
[教材原句]　However,I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
核心单词练透
1.passionate adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的
教材原文　kind,loving and passionate善良,有爱心,充满激情
感知　语言先输入
①Most people who become teachers do so because they’re passionate about kids.
②I do have a passion for learning about these things and finding what works for me and my family.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be passionate about sth　 对某事有热情
(2)passion n. 热情;热恋;强烈的情感
have a passion for... 对……有热情
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①His niece has a passion for classical music and often goes to the classical concert.
②I want to serve as a volunteer of this international tennis competition because I’m really passionate about tennis.(申请信)
我想要成为这次国际网球比赛的志愿者,因为我真的酷爱网球。
③What impressed me most was the Culture Night,which provoked my passion for further understanding of Irish and culture legacy. (2022·浙江1月卷)
给我印象最深的是“文化之夜”,它激发了我进一步了解爱尔兰语和文化遗产的热情。
2.pour vt.灌,注,倒 vi.下大雨
教材原文　I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket,and then another student lit a match to set it off.
我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭,然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。
感知　语言先输入
①The eggs were put on a plate and the coffee was poured into a cup.
②I was in the kitchen pouring out drinks at that time.
③He broke down at the news,tears pouring down his cheeks.(情绪描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
pour...into...　　　 把……倒进/注入……
pour out 涌出;倒出;表露无遗
pour down 流下;倾泻
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Washing the teapots,adding tea leaves,and pouring water into the cups,they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture.(动作链,传统文化)
②外面下着瓢泼大雨。
→It’s pouring outside.
→The rain is pouring down outside.
→It’s pouring with rain outside.
3.lack vt.& n.缺乏
教材原文　The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself.　问题是我对自己缺乏信心。
感知　语言先输入
①More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②We rushed around the station,but lack of options only added to my anxiety.(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
③Though Jack was lacking in experience,he made up for it with great enthusiasm.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)for lack of　　　　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth 缺少……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①My nephew is extremely lacking(lack) in confidence,so he can’t serve as the host for the English Evening.
②For lack of a sense of humour and passion,Mrs Grace felt nervous for the coming party in her new company.
③Health problems are closely connected with poor eating habits and (a) lack of exercise.Many people end up being physically unhealthy for lack of attention to both these aspects.　健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。许多人由于缺乏对这两方面的关注,最终变得身体不健康。
4.access n.进入;接触的机会
教材原文　The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。
感知　语言先输入
①The activity offered us a chance to have access to various books and aroused our interest in reading.(活动介绍)
②Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations,giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(中国交通,2024·全国甲卷)
③The citizens are accessible to the library for free.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to...
拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be accessible to...可接近的;可靠近的;可使用的(注意,这时,这个短语的主语是表示人的词语)
[名师指津]　同动词构成短语时,access前通常不加冠词,且access短语中的to是介词。
运用　单句语法填空/词汇升级/完成句子
①Our school stadium is accessible(access) to us students,and we can get easy access to it when taking exercise.
②Across the world,1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.
③Every student has a chance to be admitted to a key university.
→Every student has/gains/gets access to a key university.
④In the self study room,you can access/get access to/be accessible to free Wi Fi,making it convenient for you to make a presentation.(2022·浙江6月卷)
在自习室,你可以使用免费Wi Fi,这方便你做报告。
5.worthwhile adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
教材原文　If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult,then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.
作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子转变为如此成功的人,那么我知道我做的是值得的。
感知　语言先输入
①It is worthwhile taking/to take the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
②This book is well worth reading.
③His suggestion is worthy of consideration/of being considered.
=His suggestion is worthy to be considered.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth 值得做某事
(2)worth adj.值 得的,有价值的 n.价值
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得做
(3)worthy adj. 值得……的
be worthy
[名师指津]　worth一般只作表语;而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①It’s worthwhile reading/to read (read) literary books because they can help us to know more about society and life.
②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think it is well worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival.(全国Ⅱ卷)
→Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worthy to be experienced/well worthy of being experienced.(worthy)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worth experiencing.(worth)
6.preference n.偏爱,偏好
教材原文　to depend on personal preference　取决于个人喜好
感知　语言先输入
①But despite our emphasis on English skills,we don’t have a preference for English majors.
②Preference will be given to graduates of the university.(招聘广告)
③Their father prefers them to go home early.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have a preference for 对……有偏爱
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠/优先(权)
(2)prefer vt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
prefer sth to sth 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
宁愿做……而不愿做……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Let’s make a list of possible speakers in order of preference (prefer).
②Li Lei has a special preference for ball games,especially football.
③Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.
有些人更喜欢在网络上完成几乎所有的事情。
④如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网,也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
→Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors.
→Nowadays many children prefer to surf the Internet at home rather than take exercise outdoors.
7.upset adj.烦恼的,心烦意乱的 vt.使生气,使心烦意乱
教材原文　to get upset变得心烦意乱
感知　语言先输入
①Seeing his children were upset about/over/at the mess,the father encouraged them to try again.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②She was rather upset to hear the news.
③It extremely upset her that her new suggestion was turned down by the boss.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be upset about/over/at sth 为某事烦心/难过
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb to do sth/that... 做某事使某人心烦意乱
[名师指津]　
(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset;其现在分词形式为upsetting。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①Tony became upset about/over/at what happened to the couple.
②As she was leaving,Emily was upset to say goodbye.
当艾米丽要离开时,她很难过地说再见。
③Upset and helpless,I stood silently,tears streaming down my cheeks.(情绪描写)
既沮丧又无助,我静静地站着,泪水顺着脸颊流淌。
④I was upset that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(情绪描写,2022·浙江1月卷)
→What upset me was that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(what主语从句)
→It upset me that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(it作形式主语)
8.ashamed adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的
教材原文　to feel hurt/ashamed/discouraged感到受伤/羞愧/泄气
感知　语言先输入
①I felt ashamed of putting him in such a demanding situation.(情绪描写,2024·新课标卷)
②It’s a shame/pity that a good student should do something like that.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be/feel ashamed of... 由于……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指内在的人或事)
be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧
be a shame to sb 对某人来说是一种耻辱
It’s a shame that... 真遗憾……
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①“Ouverture des portes.” is the only French phrase I mastered,and it is a shame that I don’t have much use for it.
②It’s such a shame that I felt as if a knife were twisting my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(情绪描写)
这太让人遗憾了,以至于我感觉心如刀绞,眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
③I’m ashamed to say that I lied to her.In other words,I am/feel ashamed of my shameful behaviour,which is a shame to me.
我很惭愧地说我对她撒谎了。换句话说,我为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧,这对我来说是一种耻辱。
9.intention n.意图,目的;打算
教材原文　But I do understand my teacher’s intention.我的确理解老师的意图。
感知　语言先输入
①I have no intention to allow/of allowing you to continue living here alone.
②I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have no intention to do sth/of doing sth 无意做某事
(2)intend v. 打算;计划;意思
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth 本来打算做某事(实际上后来并没有做成)
(3)intended adj. 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth/be intended for sb/sth 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended as sth 被设计成……
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①I had intended(intend) to come to see you last Saturday,but I had an unexpected visitor.
②She did it without any intention (intend).She did it by accident.
③Our school organized an English Drama Competition with the intention of enriching our campus life.(通知)
→Our school organized an English Drama Competition,which was intended to enrich our campus life.(be intended to do)
→Our school organized an English Drama Competition intended to enrich our campus life.(形容词短语作后置定语)
10.manner n.方式,方法
教材原文　I can agree with you about that,but to be more helpful,if we need to give negative feedback,we should do it in a less direct manner,especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
我可能同意你的看法,但为了更有帮助,如果我们需要给予负面反馈,我们应该以一种不那么直接的方式来做,特别是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
感知　语言先输入
①“Don’t worry,we can figure this out,” he said in a calm manner.(语言描写,2024·新课标卷)
②Some people have good manners while others have bad manners.
记牢　知识再梳理
in a(n)...manner　　　　　　 以……的方式
have good/bad manners 有/无礼貌
It’s good/bad manners to do sth 做某事有/无礼貌
[名师指津]　当manner意为“方式;方法;举止;态度”时,常用单数形式;当它意为“礼貌;礼仪;习俗”时,常用复数形式。
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①What upsets me is that my English teacher always gives feedback in a rude manner.
②It is bad manners to interrupt (interrupt) others when they speak.
③It’s good manners to bring a gift,such as a bunch of flowers,when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner,you should also pay attention to your table manners.(中国礼仪)
当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候,带个礼物是有礼貌的,比如一束花。吃饭时,你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。
11.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的
教材原文　I can agree with you about that,but to be more helpful,if we need to give negative feedback,we should do it in a less direct manner,especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
我可能同意你的看法,但为了更有帮助,如果我们需要给予负面反馈,我们应该以一种不那么直接的方式来做,特别是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
感知　语言先输入
①As you know,coral is very sensitive to water temperature.
②He’s very sensitive about being small,so don’t mention it.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be sensitive to　　 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意……;在乎……
(2)sense n.感官;感觉;辨别力 vt.发觉;意识到
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She gave me some very sensible (sense) advice.
②When your body needs energy,you will be more sensitive to some tastes.
当身体需要能量时,你就会对某些味道更敏感些。
③Young people are very sensitive about their appearance.
年轻人对自己的外貌很敏感。
片段巩固(适应新学校)　用passionate;lack;access;worthwhile;upset;manner完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　南希第一天来到我们学校时,就感到太心烦意乱而哭了。缺乏自信使她很难适应新学校。由于现代高科技,她可以用快速的方式获得她所热衷的信息,这对她来说是一种安慰。此外,她认为我们学校图书馆的自习室也很值得体验。
The first day Nancy came to our school,she was 1.so upset that she cried(so...that...引导的结果状语从句).2.Lack of confidence(主语) made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.Thanks to modern high technology,3.she could have access to the information she was passionate about in a swift manner(主谓宾+定语从句),which was a comfort for her.Besides,she thought 4.it was worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self study room in our school library as well(形式主语it).
短语句式通关
1.for the first time初次,第一次
教材原文　But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject for the first time.
但是在15岁那年,我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂,第一次对一门科目真正产生了兴趣。
感知　语言先输入
①For the first time,I realized how a stranger could become a friend through a simple act of kindness.(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
②I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)for the first time介词短语,在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词。
(2)the first time 第一次……,用作连词,用来引导时间状语从句,类似的还有:
the first day　　　 第一天……时
each/every time 每次……的时候
next time 下次……时
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I would put on a performance at 8 am in the city theatre for the first time and I had butterflies in my stomach.
②The first time I interviewed him,he was reading in the room.
我第一次去采访他时,他正在房间看书。
③Each/Every time he comes to see me,he will buy some gifts for me.
每次他来看我时,他都会给我买一些礼物。
④The first day he wore them,he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain.
他第一天穿上它们时就赶上了一场大雨。
2.used to过去经常,曾经
教材原文　He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
他过去常常用许多实用的例子和简单的语言来解释看上去很难的问题。
感知　语言先输入
①My hometown used to suffer from problems such as poor road conditions and dirty environment.(短文投稿)
②It can also be used to mean an expression of sympathy.
③After a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)used to do sth 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了),其否定形式有两种:used not to do sth和didn’t use to do sth。
(2)be used to do sth 被用来做某事
be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Honestly speaking,I am not used to eating(eat) onions though they are good for health.
②The reason why we call it the Amber Room is that much amber was used to make(make) it.
③I used to trouble you to do many things for me,but you were never impatient with me.(感谢信)
我曾经麻烦你为我做很多事情,但你从来没有对我不耐烦。
④To breathe in more fresh air,you must be used to getting up early.(健康生活)
为了呼吸更多新鲜空气,你必须习惯于早起。
3.句型公式:if only...要是……就好了
教材原文　Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
感知　语言先输入
①The waitstaff feels upset.If only there were more kind customers and fewer complaints.
②If only I had checked my wallet before leaving the airport!(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
③Only if you follow the doctor’s advice can you recover soon.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)if only...意为“要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
if only...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望。
if only...had done...
表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
if only...would/could do...
表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
(2)only if意为“只要;只有”,引导条件状语从句。only if位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①If only I could (can) fly to the moon one day!
②If only I had seen (see) her off at the station yesterday,but I was too busy.
③I feel upset and depressed,thinking about,“If only someone helped me at the moment.”
我感到很难过、很沮丧,心里想:“现在要是有人帮帮我就好了。”
④“If only I had not been constantly distracted in class.Only if I am devoted to my studies can I keep up with my classmates,” Jane thought,tears of regret flowing down her cheeks.(心理描写)
“要是我在课堂上不经常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到学习中,我才能赶上我的同学。”简心想,悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
4.句型公式:catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事
教材原文　Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage!
有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!
感知　语言先输入
①He found her sitting near the fire,reading a book.
②The neighborhood witnessed a poorly dressed boy selling popcorn from door to door.(场景描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
catch sb doing sth意为“撞见某人正在做某事”,其中catch是感官动词,doing是宾语补足语,用法相同的动词还有find/see/witness/notice/hear/keep等。现在分词作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的动作。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher caught him cheating(cheat) in the English test.
②I found her lying(lie) in bed,looking pale and weak.
③My mother caught me playing online games again.
妈妈又抓到我玩网络游戏了。
④She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.
她让我一直等了20多分钟。
5.句型公式:not all.../all...not表示部分否定
教材原文　However,I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
感知　语言先输入
①As the saying goes,“All that glitters is not gold.”
②Life was harder then because neither of us had a job.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)当not与all,both,always,everyone,everything,everywhere等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”。
(2)当not与any,anyone,anywhere,anything连用时为完全否定。完全否定也可由表示全部否定意义的词表示,如no,none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no one,never,neither等。
运用　完成句子/同义句转换
①I am in favor of most of what you said,but I don’t agree with everything you said.
我赞成你说的大部分话,但我并非同意你所说的一切。
②Nobody likes being laughed at.
没有谁喜欢被人嘲笑。
③All the students aren’t fond of popular music.
→Not all the students are fond of popular music.
片段巩固(一位好老师)　用for the first time;if only;catch sb doing sth;not every完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　当我第一次上他的课时,他幽默的语言给我留下了深刻的印象。在课堂上,并不是每个学生都能参与进来。一旦发现有人睡觉,他就会问他一个问题,提醒他集中注意力。他几乎不惩罚学生,但在他的帮助下我们都取得了很大的进步。要是我将来能遇到像他这样的老师该多好啊!
1.When I attended his class for the first time(时间状语从句),his humorous language made a deep impression on/upon me.In class,2.not every student could get involved(部分否定).3.As soon as he caught someone sleeping(时间状语从句),he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate.Barely did he punish students,but we made great progress with his help.4.If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future(虚拟语气)!
高考热点微练　
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Comparison is right,through which we can be fueled enough to pursue our dream.vt.增强,刺激
2.Being too emotional is seen as a drag on his promotion in his career.n.阻碍
3.Fresh food was so scarce during the lockdown time that prices had rocketed.vi.飞速增长
4.All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.(2021·全国乙卷)vt.举办
5.You have to push on the handle to turn it—it’s very stiff.n.手柄
Ⅱ.选出access的汉语意思
(
A.
n
.进入
;
接触的机会　B.
n
.通路
C.
vt
.访问　D.
vt
.进入
;
到达
)
1.The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.B
2.The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.C
3.The road is blocked but can be accessed by emergency.D
4.To sum up,low price,easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.A
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The whole incident had upset(使心烦意乱) me terribly.
2.An increasing number of people want to be teachers,though teaching is a demanding (要求严格的) profession.
3.Many people don’t like onions(洋葱) because they have a strong smell.
4.To our pride,China has launched many rockets (火箭) into space in the past decade.
5.We can see how many angles (角) the figure has.
6.His car stalled (熄火) halfway to school because he forgot to fuel / fju l/ it the day before.
7.Researchers have found out the reason how acid / sId/ rain forms.
8.We can handle the situation as long as we remain calm.
9.He raised a piece of advice that we (should) go on a picnic this weekend.
10.Helen moved to the countryside with the intention of leading a peaceful life.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Mothers are often the ones who provide emotional(emotion) support for the family.
2.It has been confirmed that it is the most effective(effect) treatment.
3.Many people expressed a strong preference (prefer) for the original plan.
4.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to practical (practice) advice.
5.The twin sisters were brought up in the same environment,so their behaviour (behave) had much in common.
6.Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,and make the music more accessible (access).
7.You can give a presentation (present) to the class tomorrow morning.
8.Wang Yangming is a great educationalist(educational) who developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
9.I admire his passionate(passion) belief in what he is doing.
10.Ben is very sensitive(sense);he just can’t take criticism.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
used to,add up to,set off,make sure,for the first time,a couple of
1.I will go on a business trip in Shanghai for a couple of days.
2.The airport road is accessible today for the first time in a week since the storm.
3.According to the ban,anybody who is caught setting off fireworks in the city will be fined.
4.We used to buy things in the shop but now we usually do it online.
5.For a hit show,profits can add up to millions of dollars.
6.Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.You will find it very rewarding to participate in the voluntary work.(find+宾语+宾补)
你会发现参加义工很有意义。
2.If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(if only)
要是我当时学习更努力,我就能通过考试了。
3.She caught herself wondering whether she had made a mistake.(catch+宾语+宾补)
她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。
4.Not all body languages mean/All body languages don’t mean the same thing in different countries,such as nodding.(not...all)
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思,例如点头。
5.You’re quite wrong;she does like you.(强调谓语动词)
你完全错了,她真的喜欢你。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
Blood may be thicker than water when it comes to human relationships and it appears that the same is true of jackdaws (寒鸦) after scientists found they readily switch friends to gain food but stick with family even at the risk of going hungry.
Alex Thornton,a professor of cognitive evolution,said,“We monitor hundreds of wild jackdaws,each of which is fitted with a tiny PIT tag like the chips (芯片) used for pet cats and dogs—embedded in (嵌入) a leg ring.In this experiment we randomly divided jackdaws into two groups—A or B—and programmed a pair of automated PIT tag detecting devices to provide worms only if individuals from the same group(AA or BB) visited together.” If birds from different groups arrived together—A with B—the feeders would remain closed.Single birds would get grain,but not the more desirable worms.
Thornton said,“The idea was to find out if jackdaws could readjust their social associations.They might have friends in the wrong group.Do jackdaws ditch them and start to hang out with individuals who are in the right group The jackdaws turned out to be very strategic,quickly learning to abandon friends from the other group so they could get the best rewards.However,they made an exception when it came to their close relations even if they got nothing.What we were able to do here was test the idea:can individuals keep track of the outcomes of past interactions and update their relationships It turns out they can.”
Thornton said jackdaws were an excellent subject matter as they were clever and had dynamic social networks.“You’ve got individuals coming and going so beyond their strong relationships,and they have lots of other associations.They are similar to human society.” Michael Kings,of the University of Exeter,said.“These results help our understanding of the evolution of intelligence as they show that being able to track and remember information about social partners can bring benefits.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究寒鸦社交行为的科学实验,科学家试图通过寒鸦的行为逻辑更好地理解生物认知与智力进化。
1.Which of the following matters most for jackdaws according to the experiment
A.Their family.
B.Avoiding going hungry.
C.Staying away from risks.
D.Their friends.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Blood may be thicker than water...they readily switch friends to gain food but stick with family even at the risk of going hungry.”可知,对寒鸦来说最重要的是他们的家庭,故选A项。]
2.What can be learned about the jackdaws in the experiment
A.Jackdaws on their own got worms.
B.Jackdaws with their family got grain.
C.Jackdaws from the same group got worms.
D.Jackdaws from different groups got grain.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“In this experiment we randomly divided jackdaws...only if individuals from the same group (AA or BB) visited together.”可知,来自同一组的寒鸦得到了虫子,故选C项。]
3.What does the underlined word “ditch” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Reward. B.Abandon.
C.Destroy. D.Believe.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后“them and start to hang out with individuals who...from the other group so they could get the best rewards.”可知,此处问“寒鸦会抛弃它们,开始和正确群体里的个体交往吗 ”此处的ditch意为“抛弃”,故选B项。]
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To encourage further research.
B.To give possible reasons for the results.
C.To explain the significance of the research.
D.To summarize the findings of the experiment.
答案　C　[写作目的题。根据最后一段中“These results help our understanding of the evolution of intelligence...can bring benefits.(这些结果有助于我们理解智力的进化,因为它们表明能够追踪和记忆社交伙伴的信息可以带来好处。)”可知,该段落的目的是解释研究的意义,故选C项。]
B
Andrew McCarthy stars roles in era defining movies such as Pretty in Pink,St.Elmo’s Fire and Less Than Zero.But he is also an award winning travel writer whose books include The Longest Way Home (2012) and Walking with Sam (2021).In the new book,he looks back on an epic adventure,where he walked 500 miles across Spain’s Camino de Santiago with his 19 year old son,Sam.
McCarthy had hoped the trip would be a way to re examine their evolving relationship,as Sam was just stepping into his own manhood.“I wanted to get to know my son.Not just in the parent child,dominant submissive or unruly roles,but as adults,as equals,as peers (同龄人),” he said.“The Camino gave me the greatest luxury you have with adult children—which is time.” For McCarthy it was a chance to spend time with Sam,and perhaps avoid repeating the history he had with his own father.“My relationship with my dad ended pretty much when I left home at 17 years old,and I didn’t want that to happen with my kids,” McCarthy said.
The book’s structure follows the path of the Camino,with a chapter per day over the course.
It creates a pleasant rhythm of the trail.It also establishes a gradual sense of community and friendship among the other walkers they encounter,and paints a clear picture of McCarthy as somebody extremely in touch with his feelings.
Sometimes physical togetherness and shared experiences are the most you can ask for in a relationship,and there are lovely examples of both here.In one scene McCarthy realizes Sam is suffering from a sugar crash,and offers him a protein bar he’s been saving for just such a moment.“I reach out and rub his shoulder,” McCarthy writes.“He nods softly,gratefully.We sit together as thousands upon thousands of dandelion puffs (蒲公英) float in the air like dancing diamonds.” Walking with Sam captures this encouraging and hopeful expedition as the pair walk across the country and towards one another.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《与萨姆同行》这本书,书中演员兼获奖旅行作家Andrew McCarthy讲述了与他的儿子Sam一起徒步旅行的亲身经历,并试图通过这次旅程探索父子关系的变化与深化。
5.What do we know about Walking with Sam according to paragraph 1
A.A fantasy novel.
B.A travel memoir.
C.A prize winning diary entry.
D.An era defining movie.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知,《与萨姆同行》这本书是由曾作为旅行作家获奖的Andrew McCarthy所写,内容应与旅行相关,可能是一本旅行回忆录,故选B项。]
6.Why did McCarthy start the adventure
A.To honor his father.
B.To help his son fly the nest.
C.To bond with his son.
D.To seek for writing inspiration.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知,McCathy开始这段冒险是为了与他的儿子建立联系,作为成年人、平等的伙伴来了解彼此,故选C项。]
7.McCarthy develops Walking with Sam by 　　　　.
A.comparison and contrast
B.cause and effect
C.facts and opinions
D.sequence of events
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“The book’s structure follows the path of the Camino,with a chapter per day over the course.”可知,《与萨姆同行》一书按照他们在Camino de Santiago行走的路线编写,每一天作为一个章节,这是按照事件发生的顺序来展开叙述的,故选D项。]
8.What does the author think of Walking with Sam
A.Plain but functional.
B.Inspiring and touching.
C.Brief but informative.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章内容,特别是最后一段“Walking with Sam captures this encouraging and hopeful expedition as the pair walk across the country and towards one another.可知,作者认为这本书是鼓舞人心且感人的,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
A mother with cancer has been moved by the kindness of a stranger as she fights with the terrible disease.Jerina Edwards and her family were 　1　 at a Chinese restaurant when a customer offered to 　2　 their bill.
In a touching note written on the bill for the meal,the 　3　 explained the inspiration behind his Christmas kindness.The kind hearted stranger who offered help 　4　 how his own life had been affected by cancer five years before.“I lost my 　5　 to cancer five years ago,” he 　6　 on the bill.“I know how 　7　 it can be going through this.My children lost their mother.Your meal is on me.”
Ms Edwards 　8　 the kind stranger alongside a photo of the bill posted on the Love What Matters website page.The widely shared 　9　 has since been viewed more than 35,000 times.“We went out to eat last night at a little Chinese place after church.Right as we were getting ready to 　10　 our ticket,the waitress brought us this instead,” she said.“Someone in the restaurant had paid our bill and left us this 　11　.More than anything,having cancer has shown me that there are a lot of 　12　 people in this world and that I am 　13　 for my own family.”
Although her diagnosis (诊断) was not terminal (致命的),Ms Edwards said cancer had 　14　 her family and herself so much.“It has been hard,” she said.“I have fought;I have been sick;tears have been shed;I have missed out on things;I have lost my hair,but I will live.My parents will 　15　 have their daughter;my husband will have his wife;my children will still have their mother.” She ended her emotional post with a personal message to the stranger at the restaurant.“Whoever you are—thank you.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身患癌症的Jerina Edwards与家人外出就餐收到了陌生人请客的好意,这个经历让她深受感激。
1.A.resting B.chatting
C.eating D.singing
答案　C　[根据下文第二段中的“for the meal”可知,Jerina Edwards和她的家人正在一家中国餐厅就餐,故选C项。]
2.A.pay B.see
C.share D.check
答案　A　[根据下文第三段中的“Someone in the restaurant had paid our bill”可知,一位顾客为她们一家付了账,故选A项。]
3.A.boss B.teacher
C.cook D.stranger
答案　D　[根据上文“A mother with cancer has been moved by the kindness of a stranger”及下文“The kind hearted stranger”及最后一段中的“the stranger at the restaurant”可知,这是位陌生人所做的善举,故选D项。]
4.A.described B.reported
C.repeated D.recorded
答案　A　[根据上文“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,在那顿饭的账单上写着一段让人感动的字。由此可知,那个好心的陌生人在账单上描述了五年前他自己的生活如何受癌症的影响,故选A项。]
5.A.wife B.child
C.father D.parent
答案　A　[根据下文“My children lost their mother.”可知,那个陌生人的孩子失去了他们的母亲。由此可知,那个陌生人的妻子得癌症,五年前离世了,故选A项。]
6.A.improved B.focused
C.wrote D.handed
答案　C　[根据上文“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,那位陌生人在账单上写了他的事情,故选C项。]
7.A.easy B.favorable
C.tough D.wonderful
答案　C　[根据下文“My children lost their mother.”可知,那个陌生人的孩子失去了他们的母亲。由此可知,当他看到Edwards女士时,他能够感同身受,知道经历这些会很艰难,故选C项。]
8.A.thanked B.helped
C.noticed D.misunderstood
答案　A　[根据上文及下文最后一段中的“thank you”可知,那个陌生人为Edwards一家付了饭钱。由此可知,Edwards女士感谢了这位善良的陌生人,故选A项。]
9.A.photo B.book
C.magazine D.post
答案　D　[根据上文“a photo of the bill posted on the Love What Matters website page”、下文“viewed more than 35,000 times”及最后一段中的“She ended her emotional post”可知,发布的帖子已经被观看超过35 000次,故选D项。]
10.A.find out B.put away
C.look for D.ask for
答案　D　[根据语境可知,当Edwards女士正要准备买单时,女服务员却拿了个便条给她,故选D项。]
11.A.note B.dish
C.lesson D.tea
答案　A　[根据上文第二段中的“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,饭店里有人为她们一家付了账并留了一张字条,故选A项。]
12.A.tall B.good
C.young D.bad
答案　B　[根据语境可知,Edwards女士说,最重要的是,得了癌症让她知道这个世界上有很多好人,故选B项。]
13.A.sorry B.grateful
C.hateful D.concerned
答案　B　[根据语境可知,她对她的家人也心存感激,故选B项。]
14.A.left B.cost
C.taught D.benefited
答案　B　[根据上文可知,身患癌症让Edwards女士的家人和她自己都付出了巨大代价,故选B项。]
15.A.never B.then
C.still D.hardly
答案　C　[根据上文“but I will live”及下文“my husband will have his wife;my children will still have their mother”可知,此处指Edwards女士的父母仍会拥有他们的女儿,故选C项。](共126张PPT)
Part 2　Language Points
(Topic Talk & Lesson 1 & Lesson 2)
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1.　　　　　　 /p / vt.灌,注,倒
2.　　　　　　 /l k/ vt.缺乏
3.　　　　　　 /bI heIvj / n.行为,举止
4.　　　　　　 /dr ɡ/ vt.拖,拉
5.　　　　　　 / w θ waIl/ adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
pour
lack
behaviour
drag
worthwhile
[拓展单词·用活]
1.　　　　　　 / pr ktIk l/ adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的→practice n.& v.练习→practically adv.实际地;切实可行地
2.　　　　　　 / prez n teI n/ n.报告; 陈述,说明→present vt.授予;呈现 n.礼物
3.　　　　　　 / kses/ n.进入;接触的机会→accessible adj.易接近的;可达到的;易取得的
4.　　　　　　 / edj keI n lIst/ n.教育(学)家→educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educational adj.教育的;有教育意义的
practical
presentation
access
educationalist
[阅读单词·识记]
1.angle / ɡ l/ n.　　 　　 　　　　　
2.triangle / traI ɡ l/ n. 　　　　　
3.rocket / r kIt/ n. 　　　　　
4.fuel / fju l/ n. 　　　　　
5.hydrogen / haIdr d n/ n. 　　　　　
6.acid / sId/ n. 　　　　　
7.onion / nj n/ n. 　　　　　
角
三角形
火箭
燃料
氢
酸
洋葱
[重点短语·再现]
1.　　　　　　　　 过去经常,曾经
2.　　　　　　　　 合计达,总计达
3.　　　　　　　　 (使)爆炸;引发(爆炸);出发
4.　　　　　　　　 建立;安排;策划;引发;产生
5.　　　　　　　　 确保
6.　　　　　　　　 有……的机会;可以进入/ 接近……
used to
add up to
set off
set up
make sure
have access to
7.for the first time 　　　　　　　　　
8.pour into 　　　　　　　　　
9.a couple of 　　　　　　　　　
10.make friends with 　　　　　　　　　
初次,第一次
投入(倒)……于某物
一些,几个;一双,一对
和……交朋友
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式]　It is clear that...
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 your mother loves you very much!
显然,你的妈妈是非常爱你的!
It’s clear that
2.[句型公式]　强调谓语动词
[教材原句]　But I 　　　　　　　　　　 my teacher’s intention.
不过,我确实理解老师的意图。
3.[句型公式]　find+宾语+宾补
[教材原句]　I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
我觉得这些东西都很枯燥也很难。
do understand
found it all so boring and difficult
4.[句型公式]　 if only引导虚拟条件句
[教材原句]　Sometimes I think,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
and ask for his opinion!
有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
5.[句型公式]　catch+宾语+宾补
[教材原句]　Once I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
who could jump the farthest off the school stage!
有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!
if only I could call him
caught him and his friends seeing
6.[句型公式]　not...all表示部分否定
[教材原句]　However,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
as I have with Graham.
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
I have not done as well with all my students
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
短语句式通关
1.passionate adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的
教材原文　kind,loving and passionate善良,有爱心,充满激情
感知　语言先输入
①Most people who become teachers do so because they’re passionate about kids.
②I do have a passion for learning about these things and finding what works for me and my family.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be passionate about sth　 对某事有热情
(2)passion n. 热情;热恋;强烈的情感
have a passion for... 对……有热情
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①His niece has a passion 　　　　　 classical music and often goes to the classical concert.
for
②I want to serve as a volunteer of this international tennis competition because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
tennis.(申请信)
我想要成为这次国际网球比赛的志愿者,因为我真的酷爱网球。
③What impressed me most was the Culture Night,which provoked
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Irish and culture legacy.(2022·浙江1月卷)
给我印象最深的是“文化之夜”,它激发了我进一步了解爱尔兰语和文化遗产的热情。
I’m really passionate about
my passion for further understanding of
2.pour vt.灌,注,倒 vi.下大雨
教材原文　I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket,and then another student lit a match to set it off.
我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭,然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。
感知　语言先输入
①The eggs were put on a plate and the coffee was poured into a cup.
②I was in the kitchen pouring out drinks at that time.
③He broke down at the news,tears pouring down his cheeks.
(情绪描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
pour...into...　　　 把……倒进/注入……
pour out 涌出;倒出;表露无遗
pour down 流下;倾泻
运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Washing the teapots,adding tea leaves,and pouring water ________
the cups,they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture.(动作链,传统文化)
②外面下着瓢泼大雨。
→
→
→
into
It’s pouring outside.
The rain is pouring down outside.
It’s pouring with rain outside.
3.lack vt.& n.缺乏
教材原文　The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself.
问题是我对自己缺乏信心。
感知　语言先输入
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②We rushed around the station,but lack of options only added to my anxiety.(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
③Though Jack was lacking in experience,he made up for it with great enthusiasm.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)for lack of　　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth 缺少……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①My nephew is extremely 　　　　　　(lack) in confidence,so he can’t serve as the host for the English Evening.
②For lack 　　　　　　a sense of humour and passion,Mrs Grace felt nervous for the coming party in her new company.
lacking
of
③Health problems are closely connected with poor eating habits and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Many people end up being physically unhealthy 　　　　　　　　　　　 both these aspects.
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。许多人由于缺乏对这两方面的关注,最终变得身体不健康。
(a) lack of exercise
for lack of attention to
4.access n.进入;接触的机会
教材原文　The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
做教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候,走进他们的心灵。
感知　语言先输入
①The activity offered us a chance to have access to various books and aroused our interest in reading.(活动介绍)
②Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
(中国交通,2024·全国甲卷)
③The citizens are accessible to the library for free.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to...拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be accessible to...可接近的;可靠近的;可使用的(注意,这时,这个短语的主语是表示人的词语)
[名师指津]　同动词构成短语时,access前通常不加冠词,且access短语中的to是介词。
运用　单句语法填空/词汇升级/完成句子
①Our school stadium is 　　　　　　　　(access) to us students,and we can get easy access 　　　　　　it when taking exercise.
②Across the world,1.1 billion people have no access
clean drinking water.
③Every student has a chance to be admitted to a key university.
→Every student 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a key university.
accessible
to
to
has/gains/gets access to
④In the self-study room,you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
free Wi-Fi,making it convenient for you to make a presentation.
(2022·浙江6月卷)
在自习室,你可以使用免费Wi-Fi,这方便你做报告。
access/get access to/be accessible to
5.worthwhile adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
教材原文　If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult,then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.
作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子转变为如此成功的人,那么我知道我做的是值得的。
感知　语言先输入
①It is worthwhile taking/to take the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
②This book is well worth reading.
③His suggestion is worthy of consideration/of being considered.
=His suggestion is worthy to be considered.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth 值得做某事
(2)worth adj. 值得的,有价值的 n.价值
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得做
(3)worthy adj. 值得……的
be worthy
[名师指津]　worth一般只作表语;而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①It’s worthwhile 　　　　　　　(read) literary books because they can help us to know more about society and life.
reading/to read
②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think it is well worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival.(全国Ⅱ卷)
→Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(worthy)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(worth)
well worthy to be experienced/well worthy of
being experienced
well worth experiencing
6.preference n.偏爱,偏好
教材原文　to depend on personal preference取决于个人喜好
感知　语言先输入
①But despite our emphasis on English skills,we don’t have a preference for English majors.
②Preference will be given to graduates of the university.(招聘广告)
③Their father prefers them to go home early.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have a preference for 对……有偏爱
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠/优先(权)
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
prefer sth to sth 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
宁愿做……而不愿做……
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Let’s make a list of possible speakers in order of
(prefer).
②Li Lei has a special preference 　　　　　 ball games,especially football.
③Some people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
over the Internet.
有些人更喜欢在网络上完成几乎所有的事情。
preference
for
prefer to do almost everything
④如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网,也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
→Nowadays many children prefer 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→Nowadays many children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
surfing the Internet at
home to taking exercise outdoors
prefer to surf the Internet at
home rather than take exercise outdoors
7.upset adj.烦恼的,心烦意乱的 vt.使生气,使心烦意乱
教材原文　to get upset变得心烦意乱
感知　语言先输入
①Seeing his children were upset about/over/at the mess,the father encouraged them to try again.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②She was rather upset to hear the news.
③It extremely upset her that her new suggestion was turned down by the boss.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be upset about/over/at sth 为某事烦心/难过
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb to do sth/that... 做某事使某人心烦意乱
[名师指津]　
(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset;其现在分词形式为upsetting。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①Tony became upset 　　　　　　　what happened to the couple.
②As she was leaving,Emily 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
当艾米丽要离开时,她很难过地说再见。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I stood silently,
tears streaming down my cheeks.(情绪描写)
既沮丧又无助,我静静地站着,泪水顺着脸颊流淌。
about/over/at
was upset to say goodbye
Upset and helpless
④I was upset that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(情绪描写,2022·浙江1月卷)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(what主语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(it作形式主语)
What upset me was that
It upset me that
8.ashamed adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的
教材原文　to feel hurt/ashamed/discouraged感到受伤/羞愧/泄气
感知　语言先输入
①I felt ashamed of putting him in such a demanding situation.
(情绪描写,2024·新课标卷)
②It’s a shame/pity that a good student should do something like that.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be/feel ashamed of... 由于……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻
(多指内在的人或事)
be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧
be a shame to sb 对某人来说是一种耻辱
It’s a shame that... 真遗憾……
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①“Ouverture des portes.” is the only French phrase I mastered,and
　　　　　　is a shame that I don’t have much use for it.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as if a knife were twisting my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(情绪描写)
这太让人遗憾了,以至于我感觉心如刀绞,眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
it
It’s such a shame that I felt
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I lied to her. In other words,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, which is
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很惭愧地说我对她撒谎了。换句话说,我为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧,这对我来说是一种耻辱。
I’m ashamed to say
I am/feel ashamed of my shameful behaviour
a shame to me
9.intention n.意图,目的;打算
教材原文　But I do understand my teacher’s intention.
我的确理解老师的意图。
感知　语言先输入
①I have no intention to allow/of allowing you to continue living here alone.
②I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)have no intention to do sth/of doing sth 无意做某事
(2)intend v. 打算;计划;意思
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth
本来打算做某事(实际上后来并没有做成)
(3)intended adj. 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth/be intended for sb/sth 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended as sth 被设计成……
运用　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①I 　　　　　　　　(intend) to come to see you last Saturday,but I had an unexpected visitor.
②She did it without any 　　　　　　　 (intend).She did it by accident.
had intended
intention
③Our school organized an English Drama Competition with the intention of enriching our campus life.(通知)
→Our school organized an English Drama Competition,which
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(be intended to do)
→Our school organized an English Drama Competition
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(形容词短语作后置定语)
was intended to enrich our campus life
intended to enrich our campus life
10.manner n.方式,方法
教材原文　I can agree with you about that,but to be more helpful,if we need to give negative feedback,we should do it in a less direct manner,especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
我可能同意你的看法,但为了更有帮助,如果我们需要给予负面反馈,我们应该以一种不那么直接的方式来做,特别是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
感知　语言先输入
①“Don’t worry,we can figure this out,” he said in a calm manner.
(语言描写,2024·新课标卷)
②Some people have good manners while others have bad manners.
记牢　知识再梳理
in a(n)...manner　　　　 以……的方式
have good/bad manners 有/无礼貌
It’s good/bad manners to do sth 做某事有/无礼貌
[名师指津]　当manner意为“方式;方法;举止;态度”时,常用单数形式;当它意为“礼貌;礼仪;习俗”时,常用复数形式。
运用　单句语法填空/完成语段
①What upsets me is that my English teacher always gives feedback
　　　　　　a rude manner.
②It is bad manners 　　　　　　(interrupt) others when they speak.
in
to interrupt
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, such as a bunch of flowers,when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner,you should also pay attention to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(中国礼仪)
当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候,带个礼物是有礼貌的,比如一束花。吃饭时,你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。
It’s good manners to bring a gift
your table manners
11.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的
教材原文　I can agree with you about that,but to be more helpful,if we need to give negative feedback,we should do it in a less direct manner,especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
我可能同意你的看法,但为了更有帮助,如果我们需要给予负面反馈,我们应该以一种不那么直接的方式来做,特别是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
感知　语言先输入
①As you know,coral is very sensitive to water temperature.
②He’s very sensitive about being small,so don’t mention it.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)be sensitive to　　 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意……;在乎……
(2)sense n. 感官;感觉;辨别力 vt.发觉;意识到
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She gave me some very 　　　　　　(sense) advice.
②When your body needs energy,you will
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当身体需要能量时,你就会对某些味道更敏感些。
③Young people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　.
年轻人对自己的外貌很敏感。
sensible
be more sensitive to some tastes
are very sensitive about their appearance
片段巩固(适应新学校)
用passionate;lack;access;worthwhile;upset;manner完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　南希第一天来到我们学校时,就感到太心烦意乱而哭了。缺乏自信使她很难适应新学校。由于现代高科技,她可以用快速的方式获得她所热衷的信息,这对她来说是一种安慰。此外,她认为我们学校图书馆的自习室也很值得体验。
The first day Nancy came to our school,she was 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (so...that...引导的结果状语从句). 2.　　　　　　　　　　(主语) made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.Thanks to modern high technology, 3.　　　　　　　
(主谓宾+定语从句),which was a comfort for her.Besides,she thought 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(形式主语it).
so upset that she cried
Lack of confidence
she could have
access to the information she was passionate about in a swift anner
it was worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well
1.for the first time初次,第一次
教材原文　But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject for the first time.
但是在15岁那年,我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂,第一次对一门科目真正产生了兴趣。
感知　语言先输入
①For the first time,I realized how a stranger could become a friend through a simple act of kindness.(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
②I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)for the first time 介词短语,在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词。
(2)the first time 第一次……,用作连词,用来引导时间状语从句,类似的还有:
the first day　　　 第一天……时
each/every time 每次……的时候
next time 下次……时
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I would put on a performance at 8 am in the city theatre _________
the first time and I had butterflies in my stomach.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he was reading in the room.
我第一次去采访他时,他正在房间看书。
for
The first time I interviewed him
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he will buy some gifts for me.
每次他来看我时,他都会给我买一些礼物。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain.
他第一天穿上它们时就赶上了一场大雨。
Each/Every time he comes to see me
The first day he wore them
2.used to过去经常,曾经
教材原文　He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.他过去常常用许多实用的例子和简单的语言来解释看上去很难的问题。
感知　语言先输入
①My hometown used to suffer from problems such as poor road conditions and dirty environment.(短文投稿)
②It can also be used to mean an expression of sympathy.
③After a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)used to do sth 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了),其否定形式有两种:used not to do sth和didn’t use to do sth。
(2)be used to do sth 被用来做某事
be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Honestly speaking,I am not used to 　　　　　　 (eat) onions though they are good for health.
②The reason why we call it the Amber Room is that much amber was used 　　　　　　(make) it.
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　to do many things for me,but you were never impatient with me.(感谢信)
我曾经麻烦你为我做很多事情,但你从来没有对我不耐烦。
eating
to make
used to trouble you
④To breathe in more fresh air,you must 　　　　　　　　　　　
early.(健康生活)
为了呼吸更多新鲜空气,你必须习惯于早起。
be used to getting up
3.句型公式:if only...要是……就好了
教材原文　Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想,要是我能给他打电话征求他的意见就好了!
感知　语言先输入
①The waitstaff feels upset.If only there were more kind customers and fewer complaints.
②If only I had checked my wallet before leaving the airport!
(心理描写,2024·新课标卷)
③Only if you follow the doctor’s advice can you recover soon.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)if only...意为“要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
if only...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望。
if only...had done...表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
if only...would/could do...表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
(2)only if意为“只要;只有”,引导条件状语从句。only if位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①If only I 　　　　　　(can) fly to the moon one day!
②If only I 　　　　　　(see) her off at the station yesterday,but I was too busy.
③I feel upset and depressed,thinking about,
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the moment.”
我感到很难过、很沮丧,心里想:“现在要是有人帮帮我就好了。”
could
had seen
If only someone helped me
④“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Only if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
my classmates,” Jane thought,tears of regret flowing down her cheeks.(心理描写)
“要是我在课堂上不经常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到学习中,我才能赶上我的同学。”简心想,悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
If only I had not been constantly distracted in class
I am devoted to my studies can I keep up with
4.句型公式:catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事
教材原文　Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage!
有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛,看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远!
感知　语言先输入
①He found her sitting near the fire,reading a book.
②The neighborhood witnessed a poorly-dressed boy selling popcorn from door to door.(场景描写)
记牢　知识再梳理
catch sb doing sth意为“撞见某人正在做某事”,其中catch是感官动词,doing是宾语补足语,用法相同的动词还有find/see/witness/ notice/hear/keep等。现在分词作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的动作。
运用　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher caught him 　　　　　　(cheat) in the English test.
②I found her 　　　　　　(lie) in bed,looking pale and weak.
③My mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 again.
妈妈又抓到我玩网络游戏了。
④She 　　　　　　　　　　　 for over twenty minutes.
她让我一直等了20多分钟。
cheating
lying
caught me playing online games
kept me waiting
5.句型公式:not all.../all...not表示部分否定
教材原文　However,I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.
不过,并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
感知　语言先输入
①As the saying goes,“All that glitters is not gold.”
②Life was harder then because neither of us had a job.
记牢　知识再梳理
(1)当not与all,both,always,everyone,everything,everywhere等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”。
(2)当not与any,anyone,anywhere,anything连用时为完全否定。完全否定也可由表示全部否定意义的词表示,如no,none,nothing,nobody, nowhere,no one,never,neither等。
运用　完成句子/同义句转换
①I am in favor of most of what you said,but
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 you said.
我赞成你说的大部分话,但我并非同意你所说的一切。
②　　　　　　　　　 being laughed at.
没有谁喜欢被人嘲笑。
③All the students aren’t fond of popular music.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 fond of popular music.
I don’t agree with everything
Nobody likes
Not all the students are
片段巩固(一位好老师)
用for the first time;if only;catch sb doing sth;not every完成心理、动作描写的片段
　　当我第一次上他的课时,他幽默的语言给我留下了深刻的印象。在课堂上,并不是每个学生都能参与进来。一旦发现有人睡觉,他就会问他一个问题,提醒他集中注意力。他几乎不惩罚学生,但在他的帮助下我们都取得了很大的进步。要是我将来能遇到像他这样的老师该多好啊!
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(时间状语从句),his humorous language made a deep impression on/upon me.In class,2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (部分否定). 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(时间状语从句),he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate. Barely did he punish students,but we made great progress with his help.4.
(虚拟语气)!
When I attended his class for the first time
not every student could get involved
As soon as he caught someone sleeping
If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Comparison is right,through which we can be fueled enough to pursue our dream.　　　　　　
2.Being too emotional is seen as a drag on his promotion in his career.　　　　　
3.Fresh food was so scarce during the lockdown time that prices had rocketed.　　　　　　
vt.增强,刺激
n.阻碍
vi.飞速增长
4.All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.(2021·全国乙卷)　　　　　
5.You have to push on the handle to turn it—it’s very stiff.
　　　　　
vt.举办
n.手柄
Ⅱ.选出access的汉语意思
A.n.进入;接触的机会　B.n.通路　C.vt.访问　D.vt.进入;到达
1.The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.　　
2.The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.　　
3.The road is blocked but can be accessed by emergency.　　
4.To sum up,low price,easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.　　
B
C
D
A
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The whole incident had 　　　　　　　　 (使心烦意乱) me terribly.
2.An increasing number of people want to be teachers,though teaching is a 　　　　　　　 (要求严格的) profession.
3.Many people don’t like 　　　　　　　　 (洋葱) because they have a strong smell.
4.To our pride,China has launched many 　　　　　　　　　　 (火箭) into space in the past decade.
5.We can see how many 　　　　　　　　　 (角) the figure has.
upset
demanding
onions
rockets
angles
6.His car stalled (熄火) halfway to school because he forgot to 　　　　　　　　　 / fju l/ it the day before.
7.Researchers have found out the reason how 　　　　　　　 / sId/ rain forms.
8.We can h　　　　　　 the situation as long as we remain calm.
9.He r　　　　　 a piece of advice that we (should) go on a picnic this weekend.
10.Helen moved to the countryside with the i　　　　　　　　　 of leading a peaceful life.
fuel
acid
andle
ised
ntention
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Mothers are often the ones who provide 　　　　　　　(emotion) support for the family.
2.It has been confirmed that it is the most 　　　　　　　　　(effect) treatment.
3.Many people expressed a strong 　　　　　　(prefer) for the original plan.
emotional
effective
preference
4.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to _____________
(practice) advice.
5.The twin sisters were brought up in the same environment,so their 　　　　　　　 (behave) had much in common.
6.Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,and make the music more 　　　　　　　(access).
7.You can give a 　　　　　　　　　 (present) to the class tomorrow morning.
practical
behaviour
accessible
presentation
8.Wang Yangming is a great 　　　　　　　　 (educational) who developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
9.I admire his 　　　　　　　 (passion) belief in what he is doing.
10.Ben is very 　　　　　　　 (sense);he just can’t take criticism.
educationalist
passionate
sensitive
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
used to,add up to,set off,make sure,for the first time,a couple of
1.I will go on a business trip in Shanghai for _____________________
days.
2.The airport road is accessible today 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in a week since the storm.
3.According to the ban,anybody who is caught ___________________
fireworks in the city will be fined.
a couple of
for the first time
setting off
4.We 　　　　　　　buy things in the shop but now we usually do it online.
5.For a hit show,profits can 　　　　　　　　millions of dollars.
6.　　　　　　　 that you are working in a comfortable position.
used to
add up to
Make sure
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to participate in the voluntary work.
你会发现参加义工很有意义。(find+宾语+宾补)
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I would have passed the exam.(if only)
要是我当时学习更努力,我就能通过考试了。
will find it very rewarding
If only I had studied harder
3.She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　whether she had made a mistake.(catch+宾语+宾补)
她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the same thing in different countries,such as nodding.(not...all)
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思,例如点头。
5.You’re quite wrong;she 　　　　　　　　. (强调谓语动词)
你完全错了,她真的喜欢你。
caught herself wondering
Not all body languages mean/All body languages don’t mean
does like you
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
Blood may be thicker than water when it comes to human relationships and it appears that the same is true of jackdaws (寒鸦) after scientists found they readily switch friends to gain food but stick with family even at the risk of going hungry.
Alex Thornton,a professor of cognitive evolution,said,“We monitor hundreds of wild jackdaws,each of which is fitted with a tiny PIT tag like the chips (芯片) used for pet cats and dogs—embedded in (嵌入) a leg ring.In this experiment we randomly divided jackdaws into two groups—A or B—and programmed a pair of automated PIT tag-detecting devices to provide worms only if individuals from the same group(AA or BB) visited together.” If birds from different groups arrived together—A with B—the feeders would remain closed. Single birds would get grain,but not the more desirable worms.
Thornton said,“The idea was to find out if jackdaws could readjust their social associations.They might have friends in the wrong group.Do jackdaws ditch them and start to hang out with individuals who are in the right group The jackdaws turned out to be very strategic,quickly learning to abandon friends from the other group so they could get the best rewards.However,they made an exception when it came to their close relations even if they got nothing. What we were able to do here was test the idea:can individuals keep track of the outcomes of past interactions and update their relationships It turns out they can.”
Thornton said jackdaws were an excellent subject matter as they were clever and had dynamic social networks.“You’ve got individuals coming and going so beyond their strong relationships,and they have lots of other associations.They are similar to human society.” Michael Kings,of the University of Exeter,said.“These results help our understanding of the evolution of intelligence as they show that being able to track and remember information about social partners can bring benefits.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究寒鸦社交行为的科学实验,科学家试图通过寒鸦的行为逻辑更好地理解生物认知与智力进化。
1.Which of the following matters most for jackdaws according to the experiment
A.Their family. B.Avoiding going hungry.
C.Staying away from risks. D.Their friends.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Blood may be thicker than water... they readily switch friends to gain food but stick with family even at the risk of going hungry.”可知,对寒鸦来说最重要的是他们的家庭,故选A项。
√
2.What can be learned about the jackdaws in the experiment
A.Jackdaws on their own got worms.
B.Jackdaws with their family got grain.
C.Jackdaws from the same group got worms.
D.Jackdaws from different groups got grain.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“In this experiment we randomly divided jackdaws...only if individuals from the same group (AA or BB) visited together.”可知,来自同一组的寒鸦得到了虫子,故选C项。
√
3.What does the underlined word “ditch” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Reward. B.Abandon. C.Destroy. D.Believe.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后“them and start to hang out with individuals who...from the other group so they could get the best rewards.”可知,此处问“寒鸦会抛弃它们,开始和正确群体里的个体交往吗 ”此处的ditch意为“抛弃”,故选B项。
√
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To encourage further research.
B.To give possible reasons for the results.
C.To explain the significance of the research.
D.To summarize the findings of the experiment.
解析　写作目的题。根据最后一段中“These results help our understanding of the evolution of intelligence...can bring benefits.(这些结果有助于我们理解智力的进化,因为它们表明能够追踪和记忆社交伙伴的信息可以带来好处。)”可知,该段落的目的是解释研究的意义,故选C项。
√
B
Andrew McCarthy stars roles in era-defining movies such as Pretty in Pink,St.Elmo’s Fire and Less Than Zero.But he is also an award-winning travel writer whose books include The Longest Way Home (2012) and Walking with Sam (2021).In the new book,he looks back on an epic adventure,where he walked 500 miles across Spain’s Camino de Santiago with his 19-year-old son,Sam.
McCarthy had hoped the trip would be a way to re-examine their evolving relationship,as Sam was just stepping into his own manhood. “I wanted to get to know my son.Not just in the parent-child, dominant-submissive or unruly roles,but as adults,as equals,as peers (同龄人),” he said.“The Camino gave me the greatest luxury you have with adult children—which is time.” For McCarthy it was a chance to spend time with Sam,and perhaps avoid repeating the history he had with his own father.“My relationship with my dad ended pretty much when I left home at 17 years old,and I didn’t want that to happen with my kids,” McCarthy said.
The book’s structure follows the path of the Camino,with a chapter per day over the course.
It creates a pleasant rhythm of the trail.It also establishes a gradual sense of community and friendship among the other walkers they encounter,and paints a clear picture of McCarthy as somebody extremely in touch with his feelings.
Sometimes physical togetherness and shared experiences are the most you can ask for in a relationship,and there are lovely examples of both here.In one scene McCarthy realizes Sam is suffering from a sugar crash,and offers him a protein bar he’s been saving for just such a moment.“I reach out and rub his shoulder,” McCarthy writes. “He nods softly,gratefully.We sit together as thousands upon thousands of dandelion puffs (蒲公英) float in the air like dancing diamonds.” Walking with Sam captures this encouraging and hopeful expedition as the pair walk across the country and towards one another.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《与萨姆同行》这本书,书中演员兼获奖旅行作家Andrew McCarthy讲述了与他的儿子Sam一起徒步旅行的亲身经历,并试图通过这次旅程探索父子关系的变化与深化。
5.What do we know about Walking with Sam according to paragraph 1
A.A fantasy novel.
B.A travel memoir.
C.A prize-winning diary entry.
D.An era-defining movie.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,《与萨姆同行》这本书是由曾作为旅行作家获奖的Andrew McCarthy所写,内容应与旅行相关,可能是一本旅行回忆录,故选B项。
√
6.Why did McCarthy start the adventure
A.To honor his father.
B.To help his son fly the nest.
C.To bond with his son.
D.To seek for writing inspiration.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,McCathy开始这段冒险是为了与他的儿子建立联系,作为成年人、平等的伙伴来了解彼此,故选C项。
√
7.McCarthy develops Walking with Sam by 　　　　.
A.comparison and contrast B.cause and effect
C.facts and opinions D.sequence of events
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The book’s structure follows the path of the Camino,with a chapter per day over the course.”可知,《与萨姆同行》一书按照他们在Camino de Santiago行走的路线编写,每一天作为一个章节,这是按照事件发生的顺序来展开叙述的,故选D项。
√
8.What does the author think of Walking with Sam
A.Plain but functional.
B.Inspiring and touching.
C.Brief but informative.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章内容,特别是最后一段“Walking with Sam captures this encouraging and hopeful expedition as the pair walk across the country and towards one another.可知,作者认为这本书是鼓舞人心且感人的,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
A mother with cancer has been moved by the kindness of a stranger as she fights with the terrible disease.Jerina Edwards and her family were 　1　 at a Chinese restaurant when a customer offered to 　2　 their bill.
In a touching note written on the bill for the meal,the 　3　 explained the inspiration behind his Christmas kindness.The kind-hearted stranger who offered help 　4　 how his own life had been affected by cancer five years before.“I lost my 　5　 to cancer five years ago,” he 　6　 on the bill.“I know how 　7　 it can be going through this.My children lost their mother.Your meal is on me.”
Ms Edwards 　8　 the kind stranger alongside a photo of the bill posted on the Love What Matters website page.The widely-shared 　9　 has since been viewed more than 35,000 times.“We went out to eat last night at a little Chinese place after church.Right as we were getting ready to 　10　 our ticket,the waitress brought us this instead,” she said.“Someone in the restaurant had paid our bill and left us this 　11　.More than anything,having cancer has shown me that there are a lot of 　12　 people in this world and that I am 　13　 for my own family.”
Although her diagnosis (诊断) was not terminal (致命的),Ms Edwards said cancer had 　14　 her family and herself so much.“It has been hard,” she said.“I have fought;I have been sick;tears have been shed;I have missed out on things;I have lost my hair,but I will live.My parents will 　15　 have their daughter;my husband will have his wife;my children will still have their mother.” She ended her emotional post with a personal message to the stranger at the restaurant.“Whoever you are—thank you.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身患癌症的Jerina Edwards与家人外出就餐收到了陌生人请客的好意,这个经历让她深受感激。
1.A.resting B.chatting C.eating D.singing
解析　根据下文第二段中的“for the meal”可知,Jerina Edwards和她的家人正在一家中国餐厅就餐,故选C项。
2.A.pay B.see C.share D.check
解析　根据下文第三段中的“Someone in the restaurant had paid our bill”可知,一位顾客为她们一家付了账,故选A项。
√
√
3.A.boss B.teacher C.cook D.stranger
解析　根据上文“A mother with cancer has been moved by the kindness of a stranger”及下文“The kind-hearted stranger”及最后一段中的“the stranger at the restaurant”可知,这是位陌生人所做的善举,故选D项。
√
4.A.described B.reported C.repeated D.recorded
解析　根据上文“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,在那顿饭的账单上写着一段让人感动的字。由此可知,那个好心的陌生人在账单上描述了五年前他自己的生活如何受癌症的影响,故选A项。
√
5.A.wife B.child C.father D.parent
解析　根据下文“My children lost their mother.”可知,那个陌生人的孩子失去了他们的母亲。由此可知,那个陌生人的妻子得癌症,五年前离世了,故选A项。
6.A.improved B.focused C.wrote D.handed
解析　根据上文“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,那位陌生人在账单上写了他的事情,故选C项。
√
√
7.A.easy B.favorable C.tough D.wonderful
解析　根据下文“My children lost their mother.”可知,那个陌生人的孩子失去了他们的母亲。由此可知,当他看到Edwards女士时,他能够感同身受,知道经历这些会很艰难,故选C项。
8.A.thanked B.helped C.noticed D.misunderstood
解析　根据上文及下文最后一段中的“thank you”可知,那个陌生人为Edwards一家付了饭钱。由此可知,Edwards女士感谢了这位善良的陌生人,故选A项。
√
√
9.A.photo B.book C.magazine D.post
解析　根据上文“a photo of the bill posted on the Love What Matters website page”、下文“viewed more than 35,000 times”及最后一段中的“She ended her emotional post”可知,发布的帖子已经被观看超过35 000次,故选D项。
10.A.find out B.put away C.look for D.ask for
解析　根据语境可知,当Edwards女士正要准备买单时,女服务员却拿了个便条给她,故选D项。
√
√
11.A.note B.dish C.lesson D.tea
解析　根据上文第二段中的“In a touching note written on the bill for the meal”可知,饭店里有人为她们一家付了账并留了一张字条,故选A项。
12.A.tall B.good C.young D.bad
解析　根据语境可知,Edwards女士说,最重要的是,得了癌症让她知道这个世界上有很多好人,故选B项。
√
√
13.A.sorry B.grateful C.hateful D.concerned
解析　根据语境可知,她对她的家人也心存感激,故选B项。
14.A.left B.cost C.taught D.benefited
解析　根据上文可知,身患癌症让Edwards女士的家人和她自己都付出了巨大代价,故选B项。
√
√
15.A.never B.then C.still D.hardly
解析　根据上文“but I will live”及下文“my husband will have his wife;my children will still have their mother”可知,此处指Edwards女士的父母仍会拥有他们的女儿,故选C项。
√
Thanks！
本
讲
内
容
结
束Part 3　Grammar——过去完成时
过去完成时 概念 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态
构成 had+动词的过去分词
基本用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束
表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态
表示从句的动作或状态发生在主句的动作之前
表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划
特殊用法 常用于一些固定句型中
与一般过去 时的区别 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,而过去完成时则强调动作在过去某时刻前已完成
与现在完成 时的区别　 现在完成时侧重对现在产生的结果或影响;过去完成时不仅表示动作发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”。
一、过去完成时的概念及构成
[先感知]
①At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.(外研选一U5)
那时,人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。
②By this time,the fire had extended to the 15th floor.(译林选二U1)
截至此时,火势已蔓延到十六楼。
③We had finished our meal before we learnt we had just tasted haggis!(人教选二U3)
我们吃完饭后才知道刚才吃的是羊杂碎!
[会发现]　过去完成时的概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
过去完成时的构成:had+动词的过去分词。
[对点练]　单句语法填空
①Mr Smith died yesterday.He had been (be) a good friend of mine.
②His parents had gone (go) to bed when he came back home.
二、过去完成时的基本用法
基本用法1
[先感知]
①By the time of his death in 1884,he had made important discoveries about genetics.(外研选一U5)
到1884年他去世时,他已经在遗传学方面有了重要的发现。
②He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English.(译林选二U1)
他经常去图书馆,学习英语和法律——那时他学的英语还很少。
③Before I went on the trip,I had studied the map carefully and marked the places on it.(译林选二U1)
出发前,我仔细研究了地图,并在上面标注了地点。
[会发现]　表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即“过去的过去”。
[明规则]　句中常有by,before等构成的表示过去时间的短语,也可用when,before,by the time等引导的时间状语从句。
基本用法2
[先感知]
①Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadn’t contacted for a long time.(译林必一U3)
然后我接到了一个很久没联系的朋友的电话。
②At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.(外研选一U5)
那时,人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。
[会发现]　表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。
[明规则]　常与for,since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
基本用法3
[先感知]
①The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.(人教选二U3)
媒体报道说,这些公司把污染当作烫手山芋。
②Tim looked around the surroundings and felt that he had been there before.(译林选二U1)
蒂姆环顾四周,觉得他以前去过那里。
[会发现]　表示从句的动作或状态发生在主句的动作之前。
[明规则]　过去完成时常用于said,knew,heard,thought等动词后面的宾语从句中。
基本用法4
[先感知]
①Mike had wanted to come to the lecture,but he changed his mind at the last minute.(译林选二U1)
迈克本想来听讲座,但他在最后一刻改变了主意。
②I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.(人教选四U5)
我多希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。
[会发现]　表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如:hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They had learned (learn) to sing ten English songs by the end of last term.
②That night,I looked through my father’s books and saw the cookbook that he had given(give) me a year before.
③Police asked passers by if they had seen(see) the accident.
④By about 6,000 BC,people had discovered(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
⑤My grandmother had studied English for three years when she was in college.
我祖母上大学时已经学了三年英语。
⑥I had meant/intended to tell Mike the good news,but I found that he wasn’t at home.
我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克,但发现他不在家。
三、过去完成时的特殊用法
[先感知]
①We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
②He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.
他刚离开房间,他们就开始谈论起他来。
③When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he had won it.(译林选二U1)
1957年,奥尼尔获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获奖。
④Though it was the first time many of the students had taken part in a volunteer programme like this,they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents,such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer.(译林选二U1)
虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目,但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题,例如如何使用手机和上网。
[会发现]　过去完成时也常用于一些固定句型中。
[明规则]　常见的固定句型有:hardly...when...(刚……就……),no sooner...than...(刚……就……),This/It was the first/second/...time+that从句(这是第一/第二/……次做某事)等。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was the first time that he had been (be) late for school.
②I had hardly opened the door when a cat rushed (rush) into my house.
③Hardly had I sorted out the papers on the desk when the manager called me.
我刚整理好桌子上的文件经理就给我打电话了。
④No sooner had they heard their head teacher’s voice than they ceased their talking.
他们一听到班主任的声音就停止了谈话。
四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
[先感知]
①The chef had set up a farm to table restaurant before his new cookbook was published./A new farm to table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.(人教选二U3)
在这位厨师的新烹饪书出版之前,他已经开了一家从农场到餐桌的餐厅。
②Pulitzer knew that he had learned very little English,so he started to work hard at the language.(译林选二U1)
普利策知道自己学的英语很少,所以他开始努力学习英语。
[会发现]　过去完成时和一般过去时都指动作发生在过去,但一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,而过去完成时则强调动作在过去某时刻前已完成。
五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
[先感知]
①For many of us,it’s something we already have experienced.(外研选四U1)
对于我们许多人来说,都有过这样的经历。
②Many of the best reporters had worked for his paper before its failure in 1931.(译林选二U1)
在 1931 年该报社倒闭之前,许多最优秀的记者都曾为他工作过。
③I have seen the movie twice so far.
到目前为止,这部电影我已看过两遍了。
④I had seen the movie twice till then.
到那时为止,这部电影我已看过两遍了。
[会发现]　现在完成时以现在的时间为基点,表示的动作虽然发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它以过去时间为基点,不仅表示动作发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,通常只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到该时态。
[名师指津]　
(1)by the time+一般过去时,主句一般用过去完成时。by the time+一般现在时,主句一般用将来时或将来完成时。
①By the time he was 25,Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher.(译林选二U1)
25岁时,普利策已经成为一名记者和出版人。
②I will have finished the work by the time my father comes back.
到我父亲回来时,我将已完成工作。
(2)如果时间状语从句中的动作发生在主句之前,则从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时。
After I had finished reading the novel,I went to bed.
我读完了这部小说之后才上床睡觉。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven (drive) in turn,you wouldn’t have been so tired.
②This device operated well as though it had been repaired (repair).
③Funnily enough,I met her only yesterday.
说来也巧,昨天我刚碰见了她。
④So far,so good.I have got two A’s and one B in my exams.
迄今为止,一切顺利。我的考试两门得A,一门得B。
[基础语境练]
维度一　基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共7分)
write,sell,wear,give,begin,meet,fool
1.He gave us clear instructions so that we’d be safe when playing sports.
2.When I got to the cinema,all the tickets had been/were sold out.
3.John said he had worn the coat before.
4.Lily has written five letters to her friends since last month.
5.Peter and I hadn’t met each other before he arrived at the airport.
6.This morning I had hardly got to my school when it began to rain.
7.There was nobody at school and I realized I had been fooled by my classmates.
维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Hardly had I got (get) into the room when it began to rain.
2.It was the last time that he had lost (lose) the match between us.
3.He had shaved (shave) his face before he went for the interview.
4.He told us that he had had (have) it for a very long time when he sold his guitar.
5.Every Saturday night Mama would sit down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought (bring) home.
6.She had asked (ask) him a question about history and was now staring at him with big brown eyes,waiting for an answer.
7.The bill he had opposed (oppose) since he took office was eventually passed,resulting in more young men being recruited into the army.
8.By the end of the expedition,we had climbed (climb) 12 mountains,watched 108 nest boxes,tagged 35 mammals,banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees.
9.The sun had sunk (sink) in the west before their crops were harvested.
10.She had found (find) a young owl on the ground before I arrived.
维度三　语法与写作(每小题2分,共16分)
1.I had (just) given first aid to the injured when the ambulance arrived.
我刚对伤者进行了急救,这时救护车就来了。
2.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
3.No sooner had I turned round/around to go downstairs than I heard the phone ring.
我刚转身要下楼,电话铃就响了。
4.The little girl was anxious and began to tremble.After all,it was the first time that she had been on the stage.
小女孩很着急,开始发抖。毕竟,这是她第一次登上舞台。
5.Mac had never seen a more frightening creature than this wolf,so he held his breath,not daring to make a movement.
马克从未见过比这只狼更可怕的动物,因此他屏住呼吸,不敢挪动一步。
6.The operator told us that although the old machine had been in operation for more than ten years,it still operated very well.
操作员告诉我们,尽管这台老机器已经运行了十多年,但它仍然运转得很好。
7.Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁地将垃圾投入江中。
8.He had already obtained a position in a new company before he received an offer letter from Huawei.
在收到华为的录用信之前,他已经在一家新公司获得了一个职位。
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题2分,共16分)
根据汉语提示完成语段
My old friend,Harrison,1.had lived in the town for many years (在那个镇住过很多年) before he returned to England.He 2.often had dreamed of retiring in England (常梦想着在英国退休) and had planned to settle down in the country.He 3.had no sooner returned than he bought a house (一回来就买了一所房子) and went to live there.Almost immediately he 4.began to complain about the weather (开始抱怨天气),for even though it was still summer,it 5.rained continually (不停地下雨) and it was often bitterly cold.After so many years of sunshine,Harrison got a shock.He acted as if 6.he had never lived in England before (从未在英国住过).In the end,it was more than he could bear.He 7.hardly had had time to settle down when (还没等安顿下来就) he sold the house and left the country.The dream he had had for so many years ended there.Harrison 8.had thought of everything (什么都考虑到了) except the weather.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
In an era dominated by texting and messaging apps,phone calls seem to become a relic (遗物) of the past among younger generations,Gen Z in particular.A recent survey shows that a quarter of 18 to 24 year olds refuse to pick up the phone,and over half ignore calls from their parents.Why do we find phone calls so awkward,and is avoiding them damaging our relationships
The avoidance of phone calls isn’t just a preference;it’s a display of anxiety.Phone conversations can be awkward due to the lack of non verbal clues.In face to face interactions,we rely heavily on gestures,facial expressions,and body language to interpret messages,which are absent in phone conversations.This can lead to misunderstandings and a feeling of disconnect.Additionally,the pressure to respond immediately without enough time to think,as afforded by messaging apps,can increase the anxiety associated with phone calls.
Despite the discomfort they may cause,phone conversations are an important skill.In the professional world,the ability to communicate effectively over the phone remains a critical skill.As I emphasize in my teachings and workshops,clear,confident,and real life communication can significantly impact personal and professional success.Therefore,it’s crucial for younger generations,including Gen Z,to learn how to communicate well with others over the phone,not just for professional success but also for developing personal relationships.
Relying merely on messaging apps can have harmful effects on Gen Z’s well being and relationships.The survey indicates a growing discomfort with direct voice communication can lead to a lack of deeper,empathetic (共情的) connections.This can potentially impact their ability to form meaningful relationships and deal with situations where direct communication like phone calls is momentous.
Moreover,as I advocate in my approach to public speaking,including emotional elements into communication enhances memorability (值得记忆) and impact.Phone conversations,with their immediate and personal nature,can develop a deeper emotional connection than text based communication.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在现代通讯工具日益发达的背景下,年轻一代对于电话沟通的态度和这种态度可能产生的影响,以及作者对电话沟通重要性的认识。
1.What can we know from paragraph 2
A.Why people are making fewer phone calls.
B.How young men respond to phone calls.
C.What impact can phone calls have.
D.How much further phone calls go.
答案　A　[推理判断题。第二段“Phone conversations can be awkward due to...increase the anxiety associated with phone calls.”可知,此段主要分析了人们打电话越来越少的原因,所以从本段可以知道为什么人们打电话越来越少,故选A项。]
2.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A.Future success is mainly based on phone talks.
B.It’s vital to acquire the art of phone conversation.
C.Learning how to communicate is the focus.
D.Much remains to be done for better personal skills.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Therefore,it’s crucial for...for developing personal relationships.”可知,作者认为掌握电话交谈的技巧对事业成功和发展人际关系都至关重要,因此作者可能会同意“掌握电话交谈的技巧至关重要”这一说法,故选B项。]
3.What does the underlined word “momentous” mean in paragraph 4
A.Obvious. B.Important.
C.Missing. D.Temporary.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据前文“Relying merely on messaging apps can...lack of deeper,empathetic (共情的) connections.”可知,作者认为Z世代对应用程序的依赖可能会影响他们建立有意义的人际关系和对如打电话一样重要的直接沟通情境的应对处理能力,可推知momentous意为“重要的”,故选B项。]
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An interview. B.A book review.
C.A lecture. D.A diary entry.
答案　C　[文章出处题。根据第三段“As I emphasize in my teachings and workshops...impact personal and professional success.”以及最后一段“Moreover,as I advocate in my approach...communication enhances memorability (值得记忆) and impact.”可知,文章多处提到了作者的教学和研讨会,表明文章很可能来自作者的演讲,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Tolerate Those You Have
A Personality Conflict with
Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.　1　 Here are some strategics to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment.
　2　 In many cases,a personality conflict arises because of expectations,differences of opinion,or some other underlying issues.Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person,or if you’re relying on rumors (谣言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person.Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.
Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.　3　 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance.
Identify the virtues in the person.Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining (使心力交瘁的).　4　 Learn to see the positive in any person.Even the worst person has good qualities.It might take some time to recognize them,but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her.
Limit interactions with the person.If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone,minimize interactions with him or her.There are different ways to achieve it.For example,if you are at social settings,don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you.Nevertheless,sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally.　5　
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them,they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur,remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However,learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何容忍与你性格有冲突的人并与其和谐共处提出了一些建议。
1.G　[上文提到与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战,下文提到有一些策略可以解决这个问题,空处应该承上启下,指出学会应对这种挑战的重要性。G项(然而,学会容忍和管理这些差异在心理上是至关重要的。)符合语境,故选G项。]
2.C　[空处为段落主题句。本段建议找出冲突的根源。C项(确定你与对方冲突的根源。)符合语境。C项中的“source”和下文中的“roots”对应,故选C项。]
3.F　[上文提到要考虑这个人的经历和行为,而F项中的“Relevant context information”指的是与这个人相关的背景信息,这些信息可以帮助你接受他或她原本的样子,故选F项。]
4.D　[上文提到坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度是消耗精力的,而下文则提到学会看到任何人的积极面,因此可以推断出空处需要一个过渡句。D项(当你不断保持这些消极想法时,其影响会更强)符合语境,D项中的“them”指代上文中的“negative thoughts and attitudes”,故选D项。]
5.E　[上文提到有时候不得不与这个人进行专业或个人交流。E项(如果发生这种情况,记得要保持文明和礼貌的交流。)承接上文,故选E项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
As 1.　　　　　　　　 educator,people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.My answer is 2.　　　　　　 I look at their body language so that I can judge what they are thinking about.It is easy for me 3.　　　　　　 (recognise) when students are interested in a lesson.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head 4.　　　　　　 (lower) to look at his watch,it implies that he is bored and just 5.　　　　　　 (count) the minutes for the class to end.Sometimes some students are amused by something else.They occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling,6.　　　　　　 their chins on their hands.So the main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.
Though it is easy to perceive students are interested,bored,or distracted,sometimes it is much 7.　　　　　　 (hard) to distinguish when students are 8.　　　　　　 (trouble).For example,there are deep 9.　　　　　　 (issue) at work if a student doesn’t spend time and energy brushing their hair.Ultimately,my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities,when to intervene,and when to talk to students 10.　　　　　　 (individual).
Reacting,to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从作者作为一位老师的角度出发,介绍了如何通过学生的肢体语言及时了解他们上课的状态及调整教学的方法。
1.an　[考查冠词。句意:作为一名教育者,人们经常问我如何了解学生们的心理状态。此处泛指“一个教育者”,且空后为元音音素开始的单词,故填an。]
2.that　[考查表语从句。句意:我的回答是我通过观察他们的肢体语言来判断他们在想什么。空处引导表语从句,从句中不缺成分,句意完整,故填that。]
3.to recognize　[考查非谓语动词。句意:对我来说,识别学生何时对课程感兴趣是很简单的。本题考查固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”,其中it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语,故填to recognize。]
4.lowered　[考查非谓语动词。句意:如果一个学生低头看表,这意味着这个学生感到无聊,并且只是在计算下课的时间。句中的has为使役动词,所以空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语,该动词和宾语his head之间为被动关系,故填lowered。]
5.counting　[考查动词的时态。句意同上。根据空前的is可知,句子为现在进行时态,表示“在上课的时候计算时间”,故填counting。]
6.with　[考查介词。句意:他们会盯着窗外或者天花板出神,双手托着下巴。空处需要介词,构成介词短语,表示伴随的状况,在句中作状语,故填with。]
7.harder　[考查形容词比较级。句意:有时候,辨别学生是否遇到麻烦要困难得多。根据空前的much可知,此处表示比较,意为“辨别学生是否遇到麻烦要困难得多”,故填harder。]
8.troubled　[考查词性转换。句意同上。此处表示学生们遇到麻烦的状态,用形容词troubled,意为“苦恼的”,故填are troubled。]
9.issues　[考查名词的数。句意:如果一个学生不花时间和精力打理自己的头发,那么背后可能有深层次的问题。issue为可数名词“问题”,根据空前的are可知,空处需要名词的复数形式,故填issues。]
10.individually　[考查词性转换。句意:他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动,什么时候该进行干预,以及什么时候该单独与学生交谈。空处需要副词修饰动词talk作状语,故填individually。](共64张PPT)
Part 3　Grammar——过去完成时
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
Part 3　Grammar——过去完成时
语法图解
要点诠释
Part 3　Grammar——过去完成时
过 去 完 成 时 概念 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态
构成 had+动词的过去分词
基本用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束
表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态
表示从句的动作或状态发生在主句的动作之前
表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划
特殊用法 常用于一些固定句型中
与一般过去 时的区别 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,而过去完成时则强调动作在过去某时刻前已完成
与现在完成 时的区别　 现在完成时侧重对现在产生的结果或影响;过去完成时不仅表示动作发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”。
一、过去完成时的概念及构成
[先感知]
①At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.(外研选一U5)
那时,人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。
②By this time,the fire had extended to the 15th floor.(译林选二U1)
截至此时,火势已蔓延到十六楼。
③We had finished our meal before we learnt we had just tasted haggis!(人教选二U3)
我们吃完饭后才知道刚才吃的是羊杂碎!
[会发现]　过去完成时的概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即“　　　　　　　　”。
过去完成时的构成:　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
过去的过去
had+动词的过去分词
[对点练]　单句语法填空
①Mr Smith died yesterday.He 　　　　　　 (be) a good friend of mine.
②His parents 　　　　　　(go) to bed when he came back home.
had been
had gone
二、过去完成时的基本用法
基本用法1
[先感知]
①By the time of his death in 1884,he had made important discoveries about genetics.(外研选一U5)
到1884年他去世时,他已经在遗传学方面有了重要的发现。
②He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English.(译林选二U1)
他经常去图书馆,学习英语和法律——那时他学的英语还很少。
③Before I went on the trip,I had studied the map carefully and marked the places on it.(译林选二U1)
出发前,我仔细研究了地图,并在上面标注了地点。
[会发现]　表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前　　　　　　　　　　,即“过去的过去”。
[明规则]　句中常有by,before等构成的表示过去时间的短语,也可用when,before,by the time等引导的时间状语从句。
已经完成或结束
基本用法2
[先感知]
①Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadn’t contacted for a long time.(译林必一U3)
然后我接到了一个很久没联系的朋友的电话。
②At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.(外研选一U5)
那时,人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。
[会发现]　表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到　　　　的另一时间的动作或状态。
[明规则]　常与for,since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
过去
基本用法3
[先感知]
①The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.(人教选二U3)
媒体报道说,这些公司把污染当作烫手山芋。
②Tim looked around the surroundings and felt that he had been there before.(译林选二U1)
蒂姆环顾四周,觉得他以前去过那里。
[会发现]　表示从句的动作或状态发生在　　　　的动作之前。
[明规则]　过去完成时常用于said,knew,heard,thought等动词后面的宾语从句中。
主句
基本用法4
[先感知]
①Mike had wanted to come to the lecture,but he changed his mind at the last minute.(译林选二U1)
迈克本想来听讲座,但他在最后一刻改变了主意。
②I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
(人教选四U5)
我多希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。
[会发现]　表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如:hope,want,expect,think, mean,suppose,plan,intend等)用于过去完成时表示 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They 　　　　　　(learn) to sing ten English songs by the end of last term.
②That night,I looked through my father’s books and saw the cookbook that he 　　　　　　(give) me a year before.
过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划
had learned
had given
③Police asked passers-by if they 　　　　　　　 (see) the accident.
④By about 6,000 BC,people 　　　　　　　　　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
⑤My grandmother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
when she was in college.
我祖母上大学时已经学了三年英语。
⑥I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 , but I found that he wasn’t at home.
我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克,但发现他不在家。
had seen
had discovered
had studied English for three years
had meant/intended to tell Mike the good news
三、过去完成时的特殊用法
[先感知]
①We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
②He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.
他刚离开房间,他们就开始谈论起他来。
③When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he had won it.(译林选二U1)
1957年,奥尼尔获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获奖。
④Though it was the first time many of the students had taken part in a volunteer programme like this,they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents,such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer.(译林选二U1)
虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目,但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题,例如如何使用手机和上网。
[会发现]　过去完成时也常用于一些　　　　　　　　　　中。
固定句型
[明规则]　常见的固定句型有:hardly...when...(刚……就……),no sooner...than...(刚……就……),This/It was the first/second/...time+that从句(这是第一/第二/……次做某事)等。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was the first time that he 　　　　　　　 (be) late for school.
②I had hardly opened the door when a cat 　　　　　　(rush) into my house.
had been
rushed
③Hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the manager called me.
我刚整理好桌子上的文件经理就给我打电话了。
④No sooner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
they ceased their talking.
他们一听到班主任的声音就停止了谈话。
had I sorted out the papers on the desk when
had they heard their head teacher’s voice than
四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
[先感知]
①The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published./A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.(人教选二U3)
在这位厨师的新烹饪书出版之前,他已经开了一家从农场到餐桌的餐厅。
②Pulitzer knew that he had learned very little English,so he started to work hard at the language.(译林选二U1)
普利策知道自己学的英语很少,所以他开始努力学习英语。
[会发现]　过去完成时和一般过去时都指动作发生在　　　　,但一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,而过去完成时则强调动作在过去某时刻前已完成。
过去
五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
[先感知]
①For many of us,it’s something we already have experienced.
(外研选四U1)
对于我们许多人来说,都有过这样的经历。
②Many of the best reporters had worked for his paper before its failure in 1931.(译林选二U1)
在 1931 年该报社倒闭之前,许多最优秀的记者都曾为他工作过。
③I have seen the movie twice so far.
到目前为止,这部电影我已看过两遍了。
④I had seen the movie twice till then.
到那时为止,这部电影我已看过两遍了。
[会发现]　现在完成时以现在的时间为基点,表示的动作虽然发生在过去,但侧重对　　　　产生的结果或影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它以过去时间为基点,不仅表示动作发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,通常只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到该时态。
现在
[名师指津]　
(1)by the time+一般过去时,主句一般用过去完成时。by the time+一般现在时,主句一般用将来时或将来完成时。
①By the time he was 25,Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher.(译林选二U1)
25岁时,普利策已经成为一名记者和出版人。
②I will have finished the work by the time my father comes back.
到我父亲回来时,我将已完成工作。
(2)如果时间状语从句中的动作发生在主句之前,则从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时。
After I had finished reading the novel,I went to bed.我读完了这部小说之后才上床睡觉。
[对点练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You didn’t let me drive.If we 　　　　　　 (drive) in turn,you wouldn’t have been so tired.
②This device operated well as though it 　　　　　　　　　(repair).
③Funnily enough,　　　　　　　　 only yesterday.
说来也巧,昨天我刚碰见了她。
④So far,so good.I 　　　　　　　　　　 and one B in my exams.
迄今为止,一切顺利。我的考试两门得A,一门得B。
had driven
had been repaired
I met her
have got two A’s
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一　基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共7分)
write,sell,wear,give,begin,meet,fool
1.He 　　　　　　　　　us clear instructions so that we’d be safe when playing sports.
2.When I got to the cinema,all the tickets 　　　　　　　　　 out.
3.John said he 　　　　　　　　　the coat before.
4.Lily 　　　　　　　　 five letters to her friends since last month.
gave
had been/were sold
had worn
has written
5.Peter and I 　　　　　　　　　 each other before he arrived at the airport.
6.This morning I had hardly got to my school when it _____________
to rain.
7.There was nobody at school and I realized I ____________________
by my classmates.
hadn’t met
began
had been fooled
维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Hardly 　　　　　　　　I 　　　　　　　　　 (get) into the room when it began to rain.
2.It was the last time that he 　　　　　　　　 (lose) the match between us.
3.He 　　　　　　　　　(shave) his face before he went for the interview.
had
got
had lost
had shaved
4.He told us that he 　　　　　　　　　(have) it for a very long time when he sold his guitar.
5.Every Saturday night Mama would sit down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa 　　　　　　　　 (bring) home.
6.She 　　　　　　　　(ask) him a question about history and was now staring at him with big brown eyes,waiting for an answer.
7.The bill he 　　　　　　　　(oppose) since he took office was eventually passed,resulting in more young men being recruited into the army.
had had
had brought
had asked
had opposed
8.By the end of the expedition,we 　　　　　　　　　　 (climb) 12 mountains,watched 108 nest boxes,tagged 35 mammals,banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees.
9.The sun 　　　　　　　　(sink) in the west before their crops were harvested.
10.She 　　　　　　　　　(find) a young owl on the ground before I arrived.
had climbed
had sunk
had found
维度三　语法与写作(每小题2分,16分)
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 when the ambulance arrived.
我刚对伤者进行了急救,这时救护车就来了。
2.By the time Jack 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from England,his son 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
had (just) given first aid to the injured
returned home
had graduated from college
3.No sooner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
than I heard the phone ring.
我刚转身要下楼,电话铃就响了。
4.The little girl was anxious and began to tremble.After all,it was the first time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
小女孩很着急,开始发抖。毕竟,这是她第一次登上舞台。
5.Mac 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
than this wolf,so he held his breath,not daring to make a movement.
马克从未见过比这只狼更可怕的动物,因此他屏住呼吸,不敢挪动一步。
had I turned round/around to go downstairs
she had been on the stage
had never seen a more frightening creature
6.The operator told us that although the old machine
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for more than ten years,it still
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
操作员告诉我们,尽管这台老机器已经运行了十多年,但它仍然运转得很好。
had been in operation
operated very well
7.Previously,water quality in the Li River 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁地将垃圾投入江中。
8.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in a new company before he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from Huawei.
在收到华为的录用信之前,他已经在一家新公司获得了一个职位。
had suffered greatly
from an increasing volume of tourists
had already obtained a position
received an offer letter
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题2分,共16分)
My old friend,Harrison,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(在那个镇住过很多年) before he returned to England.He 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(常梦想着在英国退休) and had planned to settle down in the country.
He 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(一回来就买了一所房子) and went to live there.Almost immediately he 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (开始抱怨天气),
had lived in the town for many years
often had dreamed of retiring in England
had no sooner returned than he bought a house
began to complain about the weather
for even though it was still summer,it 5.　　　　　　　　　　　
(不停地下雨) and it was often bitterly cold.After so many years of sunshine,Harrison got a shock.He acted as if 6.　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (从未在英国住过). In the end,it was more than he could bear.He 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(还没等安顿下来就) he sold the house and left the country.The dream he had had for so many years ended there.Harrison 8.　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (什么都考虑到了) except the weather.
rained continually
he had never lived
in England before
hardly had had time to settle down when
had thought
of everything
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
In an era dominated by texting and messaging apps,phone calls seem to become a relic (遗物) of the past among younger generations, Gen Z in particular.A recent survey shows that a quarter of 18 to 24-year-olds refuse to pick up the phone,and over half ignore calls from their parents.Why do we find phone calls so awkward,and is avoiding them damaging our relationships
The avoidance of phone calls isn’t just a preference;it’s a display of anxiety.Phone conversations can be awkward due to the lack of non-verbal clues.In face-to-face interactions,we rely heavily on gestures,facial expressions,and body language to interpret messages, which are absent in phone conversations.This can lead to misunderstandings and a feeling of disconnect.Additionally,the pressure to respond immediately without enough time to think,as afforded by messaging apps,can increase the anxiety associated with phone calls.
Despite the discomfort they may cause,phone conversations are an important skill.In the professional world,the ability to communicate effectively over the phone remains a critical skill.As I emphasize in my teachings and workshops,clear,confident,and real-life communication can significantly impact personal and professional success.Therefore,it’s crucial for younger generations,including Gen Z,to learn how to communicate well with others over the phone,not just for professional success but also for developing personal relationships.
Relying merely on messaging apps can have harmful effects on Gen Z’s well-being and relationships.The survey indicates a growing discomfort with direct voice communication can lead to a lack of deeper,empathetic (共情的) connections.This can potentially impact their ability to form meaningful relationships and deal with situations where direct communication like phone calls is momentous.
Moreover,as I advocate in my approach to public speaking, including emotional elements into communication enhances memorability (值得记忆) and impact.Phone conversations,with their immediate and personal nature,can develop a deeper emotional connection than text-based communication.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在现代通讯工具日益发达的背景下,年轻一代对于电话沟通的态度和这种态度可能产生的影响,以及作者对电话沟通重要性的认识。
1.What can we know from paragraph 2
A.Why people are making fewer phone calls.
B.How young men respond to phone calls.
C.What impact can phone calls have.
D.How much further phone calls go.
解析　推理判断题。第二段“Phone conversations can be awkward due to...increase the anxiety associated with phone calls.”可知,此段主要分析了人们打电话越来越少的原因,所以从本段可以知道为什么人们打电话越来越少,故选A项。
√
2.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A.Future success is mainly based on phone talks.
B.It’s vital to acquire the art of phone conversation.
C.Learning how to communicate is the focus.
D.Much remains to be done for better personal skills.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Therefore,it’s crucial for...for developing personal relationships.”可知,作者认为掌握电话交谈的技巧对事业成功和发展人际关系都至关重要,因此作者可能会同意“掌握电话交谈的技巧至关重要”这一说法,故选B项。
√
3.What does the underlined word “momentous” mean in paragraph 4
A.Obvious. B.Important.
C.Missing. D.Temporary.
解析　词义猜测题。根据前文“Relying merely on messaging apps can...lack of deeper,empathetic (共情的) connections.”可知,作者认为Z世代对应用程序的依赖可能会影响他们建立有意义的人际关系和对如打电话一样重要的直接沟通情境的应对处理能力,可推知momentous意为“重要的”,故选B项。
√
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An interview. B.A book review.
C.A lecture. D.A diary entry.
解析　文章出处题。根据第三段“As I emphasize in my teachings and workshops...impact personal and professional success.”以及最后一段“Moreover,as I advocate in my approach...communication enhances memorability (值得记忆) and impact.”可知,文章多处提到了作者的教学和研讨会,表明文章很可能来自作者的演讲,故选C项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Tolerate Those You Have
A Personality Conflict with
Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.　1　 Here are some strategics to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment.
　2　 In many cases,a personality conflict arises because of expectations,differences of opinion,or some other underlying issues.Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person,or if you’re relying on rumors (谣言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person.Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.
Get to know the person.Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences.Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.　3　 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance.
Identify the virtues in the person.Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining (使心力交瘁的).　4　 Learn to see the positive in any person.Even the worst person has good qualities.It might take some time to recognize them,but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her.
Limit interactions with the person.If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone,minimize interactions with him or her.There are different ways to achieve it.For example,if you are at social settings,don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you.Nevertheless,sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally.　5　
A.Let go of your expectations.
B.You are ultimately the judge of your situation.
C.Determine the source of your conflict with the person.
D.When you constantly harbor them,they can become stronger.
E.Should this occur,remember to keep the contact civil and polite.
F.Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.
G.However,learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何容忍与你性格有冲突的人并与其和谐共处提出了一些建议。
1.G　[上文提到与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战,下文提到有一些策略可以解决这个问题,空处应该承上启下,指出学会应对这种挑战的重要性。G项(然而,学会容忍和管理这些差异在心理上是至关重要的。)符合语境,故选G项。]
2.C　[空处为段落主题句。本段建议找出冲突的根源。C项(确定你与对方冲突的根源。)符合语境。C项中的“source”和下文中的“roots”对应,故选C项。]
3.F　[上文提到要考虑这个人的经历和行为,而F项中的“Relevant context information”指的是与这个人相关的背景信息,这些信息可以帮助你接受他或她原本的样子,故选F项。]
4.D　[上文提到坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度是消耗精力的,而下文则提到学会看到任何人的积极面,因此可以推断出空处需要一个过渡句。D项(当你不断保持这些消极想法时,其影响会更强)符合语境,D项中的“them”指代上文中的“negative thoughts and attitudes”,故选D项。]
5.E　[上文提到有时候不得不与这个人进行专业或个人交流。E项(如果发生这种情况,记得要保持文明和礼貌的交流。)承接上文,故选E项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
As 1.　　　　　 educator,people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.My answer is 2.　　　　　　 I look at their body language so that I can judge what they are thinking about.It is easy for me 3.　　　　　　 (recognise) when students are interested in a lesson.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head 4.　　　　　 (lower) to look at his watch,it implies that he is bored and just 5.　　　 (count)
the minutes for the class to end.Sometimes some students are amused by something else.They occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling,6.　　　　　　 their chins on their hands.So the main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.
Though it is easy to perceive students are interested,bored,or distracted,sometimes it is much 7.　　　　　　 (hard) to distinguish when students are 8.　　　　　　 (trouble).For example,there are
deep 9.　　　　　　　　 (issue) at work if a student doesn’t spend time and energy brushing their hair.Ultimately,my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities,when to intervene,and when to talk to students 10.　　　　　　 (individual).
Reacting,to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从作者作为一位老师的角度出发,介绍了如何通过学生的肢体语言及时了解他们上课的状态及调整教学的方法。
1.an　[考查冠词。句意:作为一名教育者,人们经常问我如何了解学生们的心理状态。此处泛指“一个教育者”,且空后为元音音素开始的单词,故填an。]
2.that　[考查表语从句。句意:我的回答是我通过观察他们的肢体语言来判断他们在想什么。空处引导表语从句,从句中不缺成分,句意完整,故填that。]
3.to recognize　[考查非谓语动词。句意:对我来说,识别学生何时对课程感兴趣是很简单的。本题考查固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”,其中it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语,故填to recognize。]
4.lowered　[考查非谓语动词。句意:如果一个学生低头看表,这意味着这个学生感到无聊,并且只是在计算下课的时间。句中的has为使役动词,所以空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语,该动词和宾语his head之间为被动关系,故填lowered。]
5.counting　[考查动词的时态。句意同上。根据空前的is可知,句子为现在进行时态,表示“在上课的时候计算时间”,故填counting。]
6.with　[考查介词。句意:他们会盯着窗外或者天花板出神,双手托着下巴。空处需要介词,构成介词短语,表示伴随的状况,在句中作状语,故填with。]
7.harder　[考查形容词比较级。句意:有时候,辨别学生是否遇到麻烦要困难得多。根据空前的much可知,此处表示比较,意为“辨别学生是否遇到麻烦要困难得多”,故填harder。]
8.troubled　[考查词性转换。句意同上。此处表示学生们遇到麻烦的状态,用形容词troubled,意为“苦恼的”,故填are troubled。]
9.issues　[考查名词的数。句意:如果一个学生不花时间和精力打理自己的头发,那么背后可能有深层次的问题。issue为可数名词“问题”,根据空前的are可知,空处需要名词的复数形式,故填issues。]
10.individually　[考查词性转换。句意:他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动,什么时候该进行干预,以及什么时候该单独与学生交谈。空处需要副词修饰动词talk作状语,故填individually。]

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