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Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(3)
一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that we have ever made about friendship.(译林必一U1)
⑥After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
[会发现]　
①②③句中先行词为不定代词,只能用that引导定语从句。
④⑤句中先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑥句中先行词被the only修饰,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑦句的先行词中既有人又有物,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑧句中先行词前有which疑问词,只能用that引导定语从句。
[明规则]　
只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
用法 例句
先行词为不定代词时,如all、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say. Is there anything (that) I can do for you
先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰,或本身就是最高级、序数词时 This is the best film that has been shown in the city. We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
先行词被the only、the very、the last、just、all、every、no、little、few、any等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I want to buy. There is little work (that) you can do. The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the man and the things that they saw.
当主句是以which/who开头的疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night Who is the man that is reading over there
[再运用]　用适当的关系词填空
①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The worst matter that I’d been afraid of happened in the end.
③The only thing that the students can do is study hard.
④We talked about the things and the people that we met during the trip.
⑤Which is the bag that belongs to me
二、关系代词作动词的间接宾语时,常用to或for
[先感知]
①Who is the woman that he bought the flower for
②This is the boy that she brought the book to.
[会发现]　
句①bought sth for sb意为为某人买某物;
句②brought sth to sb意为给某人带来某物。
[明规则]　接双宾语的及物动词所在的定语从句中,如果关系代词作此类动词的间接宾语时,用to或for。接 to 的动词有 bring、give、hand、leave、lend、offer、owe、pass、pay、post、promise、read、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、throw、write等。接 for 的动词有make、buy、call、choose、cook、do、fetch、find、get、keep、leave、save等。
[再运用]　同义句转换(用定语从句合并句子)
①My friend was grateful.I lent my car to my friend.
→My friend whom I lent my car to was grateful.
②The girl is my cousin.I made a cake for the girl.
→The girl that I made a cake for is my cousin.
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
注意:介词不可置于who或that之前。
[先感知]
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi is home.(外研必一 U6)
②This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
③The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
⑤I have about 10 books,half of which were written by the famous writer.
[会发现]　
①句根据和从句中名词的搭配选择介词。be home to “是……家园”;
②句根据和先行词的搭配选择介词。with the camera “用这部相机”;
③句根据句子的意思来选择介词。in his (the boss’) company “在他的公司里”;
④句根据句子的意思来选择介词。without the colorless gas “没有这种无色气体”;
⑤句表示 “整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。half of 10 books “这十本书中的一半”。
[明规则]　
在“介词+关系代词”结构中,选用介词的依据是:
1.根据与定语从句中谓语动词、形容词等的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
2.根据与先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
[再运用]　用关系词或介词填空
①Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.
②In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
③There are many reasons for which people like traveling.
④The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
四、有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前
[先感知]
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
[会发现]　
①②③句中的固定短语look for(寻找)、look after (照看)、hear of (听说)不能拆开。因此,定语从句中这些短语的介词不能放在关系代词的前面。
[明规则]　定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的固定动词短语,则不可把介词提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to、look at、depend on、look for、pay attention to、take care of、look after、take part in、call on、catch up with、get along with、hear of、look forward to等。
[再运用]　补全句子
①As far as I know,he is a man who is hard to get along with.
据我所知,他是一个很难相处的人。
②This is the baby whom/that my grandma takes care of.
这就是我奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或介词填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Is this the car for which you paid a high price
2.Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.
3.We will be shown around some places which/that visitors seldom visit.
4.We will be shown around some places where visitors seldom go.
5.I will never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
6.I will never forget those years which/that I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
7.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
8.Do you think the reason why he was late is believable
9.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
10.Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.The person whom/who/that I depend on the most is my best friend.
我最依赖的人是我最好的朋友。
2.The project that/which we are looking forward to will start next month.
我们期待的项目将于下个月开始。
3.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。
4.There are more than 3,000 students in our school,the majority of whom can put their hearts into their studies.
我们学校有3 000多名学生,大多数都能用心学习。
5.We live in an age when/at which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
6.I desire to take part in the activity which/that will be held in the school lecture hall on June 19.
我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题2分,共14分)
根据汉语提示,用定语从句完成语段
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1.whose drawings were shown (她的画被展出) at the exhibition last month,is a model student 2.who/that is often praised (经常受到表扬) for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.that/which was hung on the wall (被挂在墙上的) in front of us.
The horse 4.which/that was drawn in the picture (被画在画中的) was exactly like a real horse.The man 5.who/that was riding on it (骑在它上面的) looked like a living man.
It was the best picture 6.that I had ever seen (我见过的),and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.that I have ever heard of (我听说过的).
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Raised in Bengaluru,Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage.She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city.As an enthusiast,she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution.
When she grew up,Meera worked as a writer,focusing on topics related to forests and science.She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.
A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort.During her visit,she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage.The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural.But there,she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it.
To preserve the forgotten heritage,she joined INTACH,a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India.There are thousands of monuments in the country protected by the government.However,there are also small temples,buildings,schools,and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored.Besides restoration and preservation,they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage.While they do welcome tourists and travelers,their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident.The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage.Also,the team starts from looking for a prospective building,then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project.
In the past years,they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall,Tipu’s Armoury,Gangubai Hangal,Museum,the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum,the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others.
They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.However,she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Meera在去Devanahalli Fort的旅行中发现网上缺少关于这个地方的历史与遗迹的信息,受此启发,她开始致力于修复和保护被忽视的历史遗迹。
1.What does Meera truly love
A.Writing articles.
B.Protecting heritage.
C.Studying science.
D.Exploring forests.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.”可知,她真正的爱好是遗迹保护,故选B项。]
2.What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort
A.It had such a long history.
B.Its heritage was well protected.
C.Its history and heritage were unknown.
D.It was of great architectural importance.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“During her visit...as if no one even knew about it.”可知,网上缺少关于Devanahalli Fort历史与遗迹的信息,Devanahalli Fort有着重要的历史和建筑意义,但似乎没有人知道这个地方,对此她感到惊讶,故选C项。]
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team
A.Their advantages.
B.Their efforts.
C.Their difficulties.
D.Their spirits.
答案　B　[段落大意题。本段主要介绍了Meera加入了致力于保护被忽略的历史遗迹的组织,除了修复和保护历史遗迹,他们还举办活动让人们了解这些历史遗迹。即,本段告诉我们为了保护历史遗迹INTACH这个机构团体以及Meera所做的努力,故选B项。]
4.What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph
A.Upset. B.Anxious.
C.Fortunate. D.Familiar.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.”可知,他们面临很多问题,筹资是主要困难。再根据表示转折的“However”可知,她感到非常幸运,因为可以得到个人和政府的捐助。所以画线单词的意思为“幸运的”,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·昆明市高一检测)
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting,originating from Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province,is a vibrant (充满活力的) and unique art form in order 1.　　　　　　 (show) the essence of seafaring life.This folk art style 2.　　　　 (beautiful) describes scenes of fishing boats at sea,busy harbors,and diverse marine life through bold brushstrokes and vivid colors.The artists,many of whom 3.　　　　　　 (be) fishermen themselves,draw inspiration (灵感) from their personal experiences 4.　　　　　　 the rich cultural heritage of the region.
The artists begin with a detailed sketch,5.　　　　　　 (outline) the main elements and composition of the painting.Artists then fill in these outlines with bright,symbolic colors such as red,blue,and yellow,6.　　　　 not only makes the artwork visually striking but also conveys themes of prosperity,good fortune,and happiness.Each stroke reflects the artist’s deep 7.　　　　　　 (connect) to the sea and his/her way of life.
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting has gained recognition both locally and internationally for 8.　　　　　　 (it) artistic value and cultural significance.It serves 9.　　　　 a window into the lives of the Zhoushan people and their enduring relationship with the sea,making it 10.　　　　　　 important part of China’s intangible cultural heritage.Through these paintings,one can experience the resilience,joy,and hardships of the fishing community,celebrating their deep bond with the ocean.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了舟山渔民画的起源、特点、创作过程以及其艺术和文化价值。
1.to show　[考查非谓语动词。句意:舟山渔民画起源于浙江省的舟山,是一种充满活力且独特的艺术形式,旨在展示航海生活的精髓。根据空前的“in order”可知,应填动词不定式表示目的,in order to do意为“为了……,目的是……”,故填to show。]
2.beautifully　[考查词性转换。句意:这种民间艺术风格通过大胆的笔触和生动的色彩,美丽地描述了海上渔船、繁忙的港口和多样的海洋生物等场景。分析句子结构可知,空处应填副词,修饰谓语动词“describes”,故填beautifully。]
3.are　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:许多艺术家本身就是渔民,他们从个人经历和丰富的地区文化遗产中汲取灵感。分析句子结构可知,“many of whom”引导定语从句,且在从句中充当主语,其后缺少谓语动词;根据语境可知,本文主要是介绍舟山渔民画,是客观事实,故用一般现在时;又因主语“many of whom”指代“many of the artists”是复数形式,所以be要用复数形式,故填are。]
4.and　[考查连词。句意同上。根据句意以及“their personal experiences”和“the rich cultural heritage of the region”可知,艺术家从个人经历汲取灵感,也从丰富的地区文化遗产中汲取灵感,所以此处是并列结构,故填and。]
5.outlining　[考查非谓语动词。句意:艺术家们从详细的草图开始,勾勒出绘画的主要元素和构图。分析句子结构可知,“begin”是句子谓语动词,所以空处填非谓语动词;已给词outline是动词,意为“勾勒,描画……的轮廓”,与其逻辑主语“the artists”是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作伴随状语,故填outlining。]
6.which　[考查定语从句。句意:艺术家们用红、蓝、黄等鲜艳的象征性色彩填充草图,不仅使作品在视觉上引人注目,还传达了繁荣、好运和幸福的主题。分析句子结构可知,设空处及其后的内容是非限制性定语从句,且设空处作从句的主语,which可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰限定空前“艺术家们用这些鲜艳的象征性色彩填充草图”这件事,故填which。]
7.connection　[考查词性转换。句意:每一笔都反映了艺术家与海洋及其生活方式的深厚联系。根据空前“deep”可知,空处填名词;已给词connect是动词,名词是不可数名词,故填connection。]
8.its　[考查代词。句意:舟山渔民画因其艺术价值和文化意义在国内外都获得了认可。根据空后的“artistic value”可知,空处应填it的形容词性物主代词,故填its。]
9.as　[考查介词。句意:它成为了解舟山人民的生活及其与海洋持久关系的窗口。根据句意可知,“serve as”是固定搭配,意为“充当,担任”,故填as。]
10.an　[考查冠词。句意:使其成为中国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知,“important part”前缺少限定词;又根据语境可知,此处的“重要部分”表示泛指,又因“important”的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。](共49张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(3)
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时精练
语 法 知 识 过 关
一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that we have ever made about friendship.(译林必一U1)
⑥After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
[会发现]　
①②③句中先行词为____________,只能用that引导定语从句。
④⑤句中先行词被__________________________修饰,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑥句中先行词被________________修饰,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑦句的先行词中既有__________又有__________,只能用that引导定语从句。
⑧句中先行词前有____________疑问词,只能用that引导定语从句。
不定代词
序数词或形容词最高级
the only
人
物
which
[明规则]　
只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
用法 例句
先行词为不定代词时,如all、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
用法 例句
先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰,或本身就是最高级、序数词时 This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
先行词被the only、the very、the last、just、all、every、no、little、few、any等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I want to buy.
There is little work (that) you can do.
The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
用法 例句
先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the man and the things that they saw.
当主句是以which/who开头的疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night
Who is the man that is reading over there
[再运用]　用适当的关系词填空
①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The worst matter ____________I’d been afraid of happened in the end.
that
that
③The only thing ____________________the students can do is study hard.
④We talked about the things and the people ____________we met during the trip.
⑤Which is the bag ____________belongs to me
that
that
that
二、关系代词作动词的间接宾语时,常用to或for
[先感知]
①Who is the woman that he bought the flower for
②This is the boy that she brought the book to.
[会发现]　
句①bought sth for sb意为________________________________;
句②brought sth to sb意为________________________________。
为某人买某物
给某人带来某物
[明规则]　接双宾语的及物动词所在的定语从句中,如果关系代词作此类动词的间接宾语时,用to或for。接 to 的动词有 bring、give、hand、leave、lend、offer、owe、pass、pay、post、promise、read、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、throw、write等。接 for 的动词有make、buy、call、choose、cook、do、fetch、find、get、keep、leave、save等。
[再运用]　同义句转换(用定语从句合并句子)
①My friend was grateful.I lent my car to my friend.
→__________________________________________________________
②The girl is my cousin.I made a cake for the girl.
→__________________________________________________________
My friend whom I lent my car to was grateful.
The girl that I made a cake for is my cousin.
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
注意:介词不可置于who或that之前。
[先感知]
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi is home.(外研必一 U6)
②This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
③The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
⑤I have about 10 books,half of which were written by the famous writer.
[会发现]　
①句根据和从句中____________的搭配选择介词。be home to “是……家园”;
②句根据和____________的搭配选择介词。with the camera “用这部相机”;
③句根据句子的____________来选择介词。in his (the boss’) company “在他的公司里”;
名词
先行词
意思
④句根据句子的____________来选择介词。without the colorless gas “没有这种无色气体”;
⑤句表示 “整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词____________________。half of 10 books “这十本书中的一半”。
意思
of
[明规则]　
在“介词+关系代词”结构中,选用介词的依据是:
1.根据与定语从句中谓语动词、形容词等的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
2.根据与先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
[再运用]　用关系词或介词填空
①Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with ____________they wish to communicate.
②In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ____________whom she could turn for help.
③There are many reasons ____________which people like traveling.
④The woman ____________whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in ____________they are dining.
which
to
for
with
which
四、有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前
[先感知]
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
[会发现]　
①②③句中的固定短语look for(寻找)、look after (照看)、hear of (听说)不能拆开。因此,定语从句中这些短语的介词不能放在______________的前面。
[明规则]　定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的固定动词短语,则不可把介词提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to、look at、depend on、look for、pay attention to、take care of、look after、take part in、call on、catch up with、get along with、hear of、look forward to等。
关系代词
[再运用]　补全句子
①As far as I know,he is a man _____________________________.
据我所知,他是一个很难相处的人。
②This is the baby ________________________________________.
这就是我奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。
who is hard to get along with
whom/that my grandma takes care of
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或介词填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Is this the car ____________________which you paid a high price
2.Copper is one of the metals _____________________which we are most familiar.
3.We will be shown around some places______________________ visitors seldom visit.
for
with
which/that
4.We will be shown around some places________________ visitors seldom go.
5.I will never forget those years ____________________I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
6.I will never forget those years _____________________I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
7.We live in an age ___________________________________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
where
when
which/that
when
8.Do you think the reason ___________________he was late is believable
9.This is the pilot with ___________________________________my brother has worked for ten years.
10.Maria has written two novels,both of ________________________ have been made into television series.
why
whom
which
Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.The person ______________________________________ is my best friend.
我最依赖的人是我最好的朋友。
2.The project _____________________________________________ will start next month.
我们期待的项目将于下个月开始。
whom/who/that I depend on the most
that/which we are looking forward to
3.The reason _____________________________________________ is not clear.
他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。
4.There are more than 3,000 students in our school,the majority _________________________________________________________.
我们学校有3 000多名学生,大多数都能用心学习。
why/for which he refused the invitation
of whom can put their hearts into their studies
5.We live in an age ___________________________________________
____________________________________.
我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
6.I desire to take part in the activity ____________________________
_________________________________________________________.
我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。
when/at which more information is available
with greater ease than ever before
which/that will be held in
the school lecture hall on June 19
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题2分,共14分)
根据汉语提示,用定语从句完成语段
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1._________________________ (她的画被展出) at the exhibition last month,is a model student 2._______________________ (经常受到表扬) for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.________________________________ (被挂在墙上的) in front of us.
whose drawings were shown
who/that is often praised
that/which was hung on the wall
The horse 4.________________________________ (被画在画中的) was exactly like a real horse.The man 5._________________________ (骑在它上面的) looked like a living man.
It was the best picture 6.________________________________ (我见过的),and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7._____________________________ (我听说过的).
which/that was drawn in the picture
who/that was riding on it
that I had ever seen
that I have ever heard of
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Raised in Bengaluru,Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage.She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city.As an enthusiast,she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution.
When she grew up,Meera worked as a writer,focusing on topics related to forests and science.She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.
A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort.During her visit,she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage.The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural.But there,she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it.
To preserve the forgotten heritage,she joined INTACH,a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India.There are thousands of monuments in the country protected by the government.However,there are also small temples,buildings,schools,and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored.Besides restoration and preservation,they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage.While they do welcome tourists and travelers,their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident.The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage.Also,the team starts from looking for a prospective building,then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project.
In the past years,they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall,Tipu’s Armoury,Gangubai Hangal,Museum,the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum,the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others.
They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.However,she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Meera在去Devanahalli Fort的旅行中发现网上缺少关于这个地方的历史与遗迹的信息,受此启发,她开始致力于修复和保护被忽视的历史遗迹。
1.What does Meera truly love
A.Writing articles.
B.Protecting heritage.
C.Studying science.
D.Exploring forests.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.”可知,她真正的爱好是遗迹保护,故选B项。
√
2.What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort
A.It had such a long history.
B.Its heritage was well protected.
C.Its history and heritage were unknown.
D.It was of great architectural importance.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“During her visit...as if no one even knew about it.”可知,网上缺少关于Devanahalli Fort历史与遗迹的信息,Devanahalli Fort有着重要的历史和建筑意义,但似乎没有人知道这个地方,对此她感到惊讶,故选C项。
√
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team
A.Their advantages. B.Their efforts.
C.Their difficulties. D.Their spirits.
解析　段落大意题。本段主要介绍了Meera加入了致力于保护被忽略的历史遗迹的组织,除了修复和保护历史遗迹,他们还举办活动让人们了解这些历史遗迹。即,本段告诉我们为了保护历史遗迹INTACH这个机构团体以及Meera所做的努力,故选B项。
√
4.What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph
A.Upset. B.Anxious.
C.Fortunate. D.Familiar.
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.”可知,他们面临很多问题,筹资是主要困难。再根据表示转折的“However”可知,她感到非常幸运,因为可以得到个人和政府的捐助。所以画线单词的意思为“幸运的”,故选C项。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·昆明市高一检测)
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting,originating from Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province,is a vibrant (充满活力的) and unique art form in order 1.____________ (show) the essence of seafaring life.This folk art style 2.________ (beautiful) describes scenes of fishing boats at sea,busy harbors,and diverse marine life through bold brushstrokes and vivid colors.The artists,many of whom 3.____________ (be) fishermen themselves,draw inspiration (灵感) from their personal experiences 4.____________ the rich cultural heritage of the region.
The artists begin with a detailed sketch,5.____________ (outline) the main elements and composition of the painting.Artists then fill in these outlines with bright,symbolic colors such as red,blue,and yellow,6.________ not only makes the artwork visually striking but also conveys themes of prosperity,good fortune,and happiness.Each stroke reflects the artist’s deep 7.____________ (connect) to the sea and his/her way of life.
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting has gained recognition both locally and internationally for 8.____________ (it) artistic value and cultural significance.It serves 9.________ a window into the lives of the Zhoushan people and their enduring relationship with the sea,making it 10.____________ important part of China’s intangible cultural heritage.Through these paintings,one can experience the resilience,joy,and hardships of the fishing community,celebrating their deep bond with the ocean.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了舟山渔民画的起源、特点、创作过程以及其艺术和文化价值。
1.to show　 [考查非谓语动词。句意:舟山渔民画起源于浙江省的舟山,是一种充满活力且独特的艺术形式,旨在展示航海生活的精髓。根据空前的“in order”可知,应填动词不定式表示目的,in order to do意为“为了……,目的是……”,故填to show。]
2.beautifully　 [考查词性转换。句意:这种民间艺术风格通过大胆的笔触和生动的色彩,美丽地描述了海上渔船、繁忙的港口和多样的海洋生物等场景。分析句子结构可知,空处应填副词,修饰谓语动词“describes”,故填beautifully。]
3.are　 [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:许多艺术家本身就是渔民,他们从个人经历和丰富的地区文化遗产中汲取灵感。分析句子结构可知,“many of whom”引导定语从句,且在从句中充当主语,其后缺少谓语动词;根据语境可知,本文主要是介绍舟山渔民画,是客观事实,故用一般现在时;又因主语“many of whom”指代“many of the artists”是复数形式,所以be要用复数形式,故填are。]
4.and　 [考查连词。句意同上。根据句意以及“their personal experiences”和“the rich cultural heritage of the region”可知,艺术家从个人经历汲取灵感,也从丰富的地区文化遗产中汲取灵感,所以此处是并列结构,故填and。]
5.outlining　 [考查非谓语动词。句意:艺术家们从详细的草图开始,勾勒出绘画的主要元素和构图。分析句子结构可知,“begin”是句子谓语动词,所以空处填非谓语动词;已给词outline是动词,意为“勾勒,描画……的轮廓”,与其逻辑主语“the artists”是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作伴随状语,故填outlining。]
6.which　 [考查定语从句。句意:艺术家们用红、蓝、黄等鲜艳的象征性色彩填充草图,不仅使作品在视觉上引人注目,还传达了繁荣、好运和幸福的主题。分析句子结构可知,设空处及其后的内容是非限制性定语从句,且设空处作从句的主语,which可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰限定空前“艺术家们用这些鲜艳的象征性色彩填充草图”这件事,故填which。]
7.connection　 [考查词性转换。句意:每一笔都反映了艺术家与海洋及其生活方式的深厚联系。根据空前“deep”可知,空处填名词;已给词connect是动词,名词是不可数名词,故填connection。]
8.its　 [考查代词。句意:舟山渔民画因其艺术价值和文化意义在国内外都获得了认可。根据空后的“artistic value”可知,空处应填it的形容词性物主代词,故填its。]
9.as　 [考查介词。句意:它成为了解舟山人民的生活及其与海洋持久关系的窗口。根据句意可知,“serve as”是固定搭配,意为“充当,担任”,故填as。]
10.an　 [考查冠词。句意:使其成为中国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知,“important part”前缺少限定词;又根据语境可知,此处的“重要部分”表示泛指,又因“important”的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。]

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