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Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——现在完成时的被动语态
一、定义
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,而且主语和谓语动词之间是被动的关系。
二、结构
肯定式 主语+have/has been done...
否定式 主语+have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done...
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...
三、用法
[先感知]
①Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.(人教必二U3)
②I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.(外研必三U3)
③How long has this film been shown
④You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
[会发现]　
①②③④句都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。①②④句为现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式;③句为特殊疑问式。
[明规则]　
1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already、yet、just、never、recently等副词连用。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long... ”句型中。
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
[联想发散]
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
already　　　　　已经
yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years
在过去的几年里
[再运用]　
(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place has been found by them to build a temple in the village.
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn’t been decided by us yet.
(2)补全句子
④I will go home when my homework has been finished.
当我的家庭作业完成时,我就回家。
⑤This tool has been used for over one thousand years.
这个工具已经被使用了1 000多年了。
四、注意事项
1.短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词,因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体,是固定词组,所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
[先感知]
①He has been operated on by the best surgeon.
②These problems have been seriously thought over.
③Women have been looked down upon in the past few years.
④The children have been taken good care of.
[会发现]　
①②③④句中的被动语态都是由短语动词构成的。
[明规则]　
对于短语动词的被动语态,要注意:短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
[再运用]　将下列句子改成被动句
①Grandma has taken care of my sister for 3 years.
→My sister has been taken care of by Grandma for 3 years.
②Tom has sold out all the books.
→All the books have been sold out by Tom.
2.带有双宾语的句子变为被动结构
[先感知]
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
[明规则]　
带有双宾语的动词,如give、send、bring、take、teach、show、tell、make、sing、write、read、sell、buy、pay、lend、pass、promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
[再运用]　将下面句子变为被动语态
He has sent me an e-mail.
→I have been sent an e-mail (by him).
→An e-mail has been sent to me (by him).
3.带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构
[先感知]
①They have chosen Tom captain.
→Tom has been chosen captain.
②I have found him lying on the floor.
→He has been found lying on the floor.
③People have seen him enter the building.
→He has been seen to enter the building.
[会发现]　
①句变为被动语态后,名词captain作主语补足语。
②句中lying on the floor作主语补足语。
③主动句中enter前省略了to,变被动句后要加to。
[明规则]　
1.如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语),变为被动句时,其方法是:把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。
2.在主动语态中,用于动词(短语)feel、listen to、hear、let、make、have、notice、watch、see等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但变成被动语态后要加上to。
[再运用]　将下面句子变为被动语态
①I have noticed Mary crying outside the house.
→Mary has been noticed crying outside the house.
②I have seen her come in.
→She has been seen to come in.
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.—Will Peterson come to our graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)
—It’s a pity.He has been sent(send) to India as a volunteer teacher.
2.It’s said that a piece of new software has been developed(develop).It will soon be on sale.
3.Since 1958,they have been recognised(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel.
4.Our classroom has been cleaned(clean).You needn’t clean it now.
5.How many cars have been stuck(stick) since the accident happened
6.Three new schools have been opened(open) in our city in the past five years.
7.The child has been taken(take) care of by his grandma all these years.
8.Up to now,no conclusion (结论)has been reached(reach) about who should be awarded first prize.
9.Fire extinguishers (灭火器) are located on each floor.You can use them only if you have been trained(train) to do so.
10.Great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have been set(set) up.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We are glad to hear that he has been admitted to/into Peking University.
我们很高兴听说他已被北京大学录取了。
2.When and where to go on holiday has not been decided yet.
何时何地去度假还没定下来。
3.Paper money has existed in the world for over one thousand years.
纸币已经在世界上存在了1 000多年了。
4.People’s health has been greatly affected by air pollution.
人们的健康已经受到了空气污染的极大影响。
5.老师已经给了这个学生一本书。
→The student has been give a book by the teacher.
→A book has been given to the student by the teacher.
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题2分,共8分)
根据汉语提示,用现在完成时的被动语态完成语段
As time went by,computers were made smaller.Since the 1970s,they 1.have been used (已被用) in offices and homes,and at the same time many new applications 2.have been developed (已被开发).Besides,being important in communication,finance and trade,they 3.have also been put into (也被放入) robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.They 4.have even been put into (甚至已被放入) space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·长沙市高一期中)
If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store,think again.
It may sound strange,but the more eco-friendly way to shop is going to a physical store rather than by making purchases online from companies that don’t have physical stores,according to a new report in Environmental Science & Technology,a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.
In the study,researchers estimated that shopping at physical stores for frequently bought items such as toilet paper,shampoo and toothpaste,often results in less greenhouse gas emissions (排放) than ordering the products from a company that only sells through the Internet.
The main reason is the way people shop online:Many buy items online frequently—but they only buy a few items per purchase.“When they shop in a store,they aggregate these items in a single large purchase,” noted Sadegh Shahmohammadi,one of six researchers who worked on the year-and-a-half long study.
“Frequent online purchases produce more packaging waste,and online items tend to come from different distribution (配送) centers.Both factors result in higher greenhouse gas emissions per item,” said Shahmohammadi.
The team modeled their research on the movement of goods from the factory all the way through to the end consumer.They then specifically focused on the part of the retail supply chain (零售供应链) called “the last mile” delivery:the distance between a store and a customer,or in the case of online shopping,the distance between the distribution center for the goods and the customer.
The analysis showed that total greenhouse gas footprints per item purchased were higher from physical stores than those from bricks & clicks (when people order online and a physical store delivers the items to them) purchases in 63% of the shopping events but lower than those of pure players (strictly online sellers) in 81% of shopping events.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实体店购物比纯线上购物更环保的原因和研究结果,提出了线下购物在减少温室气体排放和包装浪费方面的优势。
1.What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the new report
A.To recommend a strange shopping habit.
B.To introduce a respected scientific journal.
C.To analyze online shopping.
D.To prove the advantage of offline shopping.
答案　D　[写作目的题。根据第一段和第二段可推知,作者提到该报告是为了证明线下购物的好处,故选D项。]
2.What does the underlined word “aggregate” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Combine. B.Produce.
C.Divide. D.Check.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第四段的“The main reason...a few items per purchase.”以及画线单词后面的“in a single large purchase”可知,“aggregate these items in a single large purchase”表示在实体店将这些商品合并为一笔大额购买,意思与前文提到的线上购物相反,故选A项。]
3.What can we learn about “the last mile” delivery
A.It is designed by the research team.
B.It is managed by the factories.
C.It causes high greenhouse gas emissions.
D.It influences the total greenhouse gas footprints.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段以及倒数第二段的“They then specifically...the goods and the customer.”可推知,“the last mile” delivery(最后一英里配送)指从商店到顾客或从配送中心到顾客的距离,这一部分影响了总的温室气体足迹,故选D项。]
4.According to the analysis,which is probably the most eco-friendly way to shop
A.Buying at physical stores.
B.Buying from bricks & clicks.
C.Buying from pure players.
D.Buying a few items per time.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,线上加线下(bricks & clicks)购物方式的温室气体排放量在大多数购物事件中低于纯在线购物方式(pure players)。由此可推知,bricks & clicks这种方式可能是最环保的购物方式,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·周口市高一检测)
The Internet is good for many millions of things.In today’s 1.　　　　　　 (connect) world,it’s hard to imagine once again living in a world without the Internet.Of course,there are still libraries 2.　　　　　　 you can get information or photo-printing stores in which you can order pictures,but the Internet has made the way we live our lives much faster than it 3.　　　　　　 (be) in the past.
Along with the good comes the bad,though.If you’ve never thought of the Internet as a possibly dangerous place,you need to be aware that,just like in the real world,there are some people who intend 4.　　　　　　 (use) the Internet to harm you.Therefore,it’s important to learn how to stay safe when you’re online.
First,you should never give out the following types of information online:your full name,your address,your phone number,your birth date or your password.Of course,you will have to provide these things when you order things online,but be sure you’re dealing 5.　　　　　　 an honest online shopkeeper.
Second,choose email addresses,screen names,and passwords 6.　　　　　　 (careful).Make sure they don’t uncover personal information about you.For example,don’t use your real name as your screen name!Passwords should also be nearly 7.　　　　　　 (possible) to guess.
Third,if you feel like you’re being cyberbullied (网络欺凌),whether via email,a social media website,or in a chat room online,be sure to report 8.　　　　　　 (they) to an adult.
Finally,remember that the Internet is a large place,but it has a way of 9.　　　　 (spread) things around very quickly.If you wouldn’t want a friend or parent to see something,it’s probably something you shouldn’t post from 10.　　　　　　 beginning!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网给我们的生活带来很多便利的同时也伴随着一些不好的事情,互联网不是一个安全的地方,我们应该学会如何在网上保持安全。
1.connected　[考查词性转换。句意:在当今互联互通的世界,很难想象生活在一个没有互联网的世界。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词world,所以此处使用形容词形式,故填connected。]
2.where　[考查定语从句。句意:当然,现在仍然有图书馆,你可以在那里获取信息,也有照片打印店,你可以在那里订购照片,但是互联网使我们的生活方式比过去快得多。此空位于名词libraries之后,空前有谓语动词are,且空后有谓语动词can get,所以此处应为关系词引导的定语从句,从句中缺少状语,先行词libraries指的是地点,所以此处使用关系副词,故填where。]
3.was　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意同上。此空为从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语in the past可知,此处应为一般过去时,主语it为第三人称单数形式,故填was。]
4.to use　[考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未想过互联网是一个可能危险的地方,你需要意识到,就像在现实世界中一样,有一些人打算利用互联网来伤害你。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据intend to do sth意为“打算做某事”可知,此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语,故填to use。]
5.with　[考查介词。句意:当然,当你在网上订购东西时,你必须提供这些东西,但要确保你是在和一个诚实的网上店主打交道。此空位于名词单数之前,应使用介词构成介宾短语,结合句意可知,此处表示“与……打交道”应为deal with sb,故填with。]
6.carefully　[考查词性转换。句意:其次,仔细选择电子邮件地址、网名和密码。此空为副词作状语修饰谓语动词choose,故填carefully。]
7.impossible　[考查词形转换。句意:密码也应几乎不可能被猜到。此空为形容词作表语,结合句意可知,此处表示“不可能的”应为possible的反义词,故填impossible。]
8.them　[考查代词。句意:第三,如果你觉得自己受到了网络欺凌,无论是通过电子邮件、社交媒体网站,还是在网上聊天室,一定要向成年人报告。此空为代词作report的宾语,故填them。]
9.spreading　[考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,请记住,互联网是一个很大的地方,但它有一种迅速传播事物的方式。此空为非谓语动词形式作宾语,此空位于介词of之后,所以使用动词-ing形式作of的宾语,故填spreading。]
10.the　[考查冠词。句意:如果你不想让朋友或父母看到一些东西,那么从一开始你就不应该发布这些东西!此空位于介词和名词之间,应使用冠词,固定短语from the beginning意为“从一开始”,符合句意,故填the。](共45张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——现在完成时的被动语态
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时精练
语 法 知 识 过 关
一、定义
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,而且主语和谓语动词之间是被动的关系。
二、结构
肯定式 主语+have/has been done...
否定式 主语+have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done...
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...
三、用法
[先感知]
①Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.(人教必二U3)
②I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.(外研必三U3)
③How long has this film been shown
④You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
[会发现]　
①②③④句都使用了____________________________________。①②④句为现在完成时的被动语态的____________式;③句为____________式。
现在完成时的被动语态
肯定
特殊疑问
[明规则]　
1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already、yet、just、never、recently等副词连用。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long... ”句型中。
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
[联想发散]
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
already　 已经 yet 已经
recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
[再运用]　
(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack ______________________________by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place _______________________________by them to build a temple in the village.
has always been praised
has been found
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem _______________________________ by us yet.
hasn’t been decided
(2)补全句子
④I will go home when my homework ___________________________.
当我的家庭作业完成时,我就回家。
⑤This tool ______________________________________________.
这个工具已经被使用了1 000多年了。
has been finished
has been used for over one thousand years
四、注意事项
1.短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词,因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体,是固定词组,所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
[先感知]
①He has been operated on by the best surgeon.
②These problems have been seriously thought over.
③Women have been looked down upon in the past few years.
④The children have been taken good care of.
[会发现]　
①②③④句中的被动语态都是由______________构成的。
短语动词
[明规则]　
对于短语动词的被动语态,要注意:短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
[再运用]　将下列句子改成被动句
①Grandma has taken care of my sister for 3 years.
→__________________________________________________________
②Tom has sold out all the books.
→__________________________________________________________
My sister has been taken care of by Grandma for 3 years.
All the books have been sold out by Tom.
2.带有双宾语的句子变为被动结构
[先感知]
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
[明规则]　
带有双宾语的动词,如give、send、bring、take、teach、show、tell、make、sing、write、read、sell、buy、pay、lend、pass、promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
[再运用]　将下面句子变为被动语态
He has sent me an e-mail.
→________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________
I have been sent an e-mail (by him).
An e-mail has been sent to me (by him).
3.带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构
[先感知]
①They have chosen Tom captain.
→Tom has been chosen captain.
②I have found him lying on the floor.
→He has been found lying on the floor.
③People have seen him enter the building.
→He has been seen to enter the building.
[会发现]　
①句变为被动语态后,名词captain作________________。
②句中lying on the floor作________________。
③主动句中enter前省略了to,变被动句后要________________。
主语补足语
主语补足语
加to
[明规则]　
1.如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语),变为被动句时,其方法是:把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。
2.在主动语态中,用于动词(短语)feel、listen to、hear、let、make、have、notice、watch、see等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但变成被动语态后要加上to。
[再运用]　将下面句子变为被动语态
①I have noticed Mary crying outside the house.
→__________________________________________________________
②I have seen her come in.
→__________________________________________________________
Mary has been noticed crying outside the house.
She has been seen to come in.
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.—Will Peterson come to our graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)
—It’s a pity.He ______________________ (send) to India as a volunteer teacher.
2.It’s said that a piece of new software _________________________ (develop). It will soon be on sale.
has been sent
has been developed
3.Since 1958,they ____________________________(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel.
4.Our classroom ____________________________(clean).You needn’t clean it now.
5.How many cars ___________________________ (stick) since the accident happened
6.Three new schools ____________________________ (open) in our city in the past five years.
have been recognised
has been cleaned
have been stuck
have been opened
7.The child ________________________________(take) care of by his grandma all these years.
8.Up to now,no conclusion (结论) _________________________(reach) about who should be awarded first prize.
9.Fire extinguishers (灭火器) are located on each floor.You can use them only if you ____________________________(train) to do so.
10.Great changes _________________ (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories _______________ (set) up.
has been taken
has been reached
have been trained
have taken
have been set
Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We are glad to hear that _____________________________________.
我们很高兴听说他已被北京大学录取了。
2.When and where to go on holiday ____________________________.
何时何地去度假还没定下来。
3.Paper money ______________________________________________ over one thousand years.
纸币已经在世界上存在了1 000多年了。
he has been admitted to/into Peking University
has not been decided yet
has existed in the world for
4.__________________________________________air pollution.
人们的健康已经受到了空气污染的极大影响。
5.老师已经给了这个学生一本书。
→The student _____________________________________________.
→A book ________________________________________________.
People’s health has been greatly affected by
has been give a book by the teacher
has been given to the student by the teacher
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题2分,共8分)
根据汉语提示,用现在完成时的被动语态完成语段
As time went by,computers were made smaller.Since the 1970s, they 1.____________________ (已被用) in offices and homes,and at the same time many new applications 2._________________________ (已被开发).Besides,being important in communication,finance and trade,they 3.________________________________ (也被放入) robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.They 4.____________________________________ (甚至已被放入) space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.
have been used
have been developed
have also been put into
have even been put into
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·长沙市高一期中)
If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store,think again.
It may sound strange,but the more eco-friendly way to shop is going to a physical store rather than by making purchases online from companies that don’t have physical stores,according to a new report in Environmental Science & Technology,a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.
In the study,researchers estimated that shopping at physical stores for frequently bought items such as toilet paper,shampoo and toothpaste,often results in less greenhouse gas emissions (排放) than ordering the products from a company that only sells through the Internet.
The main reason is the way people shop online:Many buy items online frequently—but they only buy a few items per purchase.“When they shop in a store,they aggregate these items in a single large purchase,” noted Sadegh Shahmohammadi,one of six researchers who worked on the year-and-a-half long study.
“Frequent online purchases produce more packaging waste,and online items tend to come from different distribution (配送) centers.Both factors result in higher greenhouse gas emissions per item,” said Shahmohammadi.
The team modeled their research on the movement of goods from the factory all the way through to the end consumer.They then specifically focused on the part of the retail supply chain (零售供应链) called “the last mile” delivery:the distance between a store and a customer,or in the case of online shopping,the distance between the distribution center for the goods and the customer.
The analysis showed that total greenhouse gas footprints per item purchased were higher from physical stores than those from bricks & clicks (when people order online and a physical store delivers the items to them) purchases in 63% of the shopping events but lower than those of pure players (strictly online sellers) in 81% of shopping events.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实体店购物比纯线上购物更环保的原因和研究结果,提出了线下购物在减少温室气体排放和包装浪费方面的优势。
1.What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the new report
A.To recommend a strange shopping habit.
B.To introduce a respected scientific journal.
C.To analyze online shopping.
D.To prove the advantage of offline shopping.
解析　写作目的题。根据第一段和第二段可推知,作者提到该报告是为了证明线下购物的好处,故选D项。
√
2.What does the underlined word “aggregate” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Combine. B.Produce. C.Divide. D.Check.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段的“The main reason...a few items per purchase.”以及画线单词后面的“in a single large purchase”可知,“aggregate these items in a single large purchase”表示在实体店将这些商品合并为一笔大额购买,意思与前文提到的线上购物相反,故选A项。
√
3.What can we learn about “the last mile” delivery
A.It is designed by the research team.
B.It is managed by the factories.
C.It causes high greenhouse gas emissions.
D.It influences the total greenhouse gas footprints.
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段以及倒数第二段的“They then specifically...the goods and the customer.”可推知,“the last mile” delivery(最后一英里配送)指从商店到顾客或从配送中心到顾客的距离,这一部分影响了总的温室气体足迹,故选D项。
√
4.According to the analysis,which is probably the most eco-friendly way to shop
A.Buying at physical stores. B.Buying from bricks & clicks.
C.Buying from pure players. D.Buying a few items per time.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,线上加线下(bricks & clicks)购物方式的温室气体排放量在大多数购物事件中低于纯在线购物方式(pure players)。由此可推知,bricks & clicks这种方式可能是最环保的购物方式,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·周口市高一检测)
The Internet is good for many millions of things.In today’s 1.____________ (connect) world,it’s hard to imagine once again living in a world without the Internet.Of course,there are still libraries 2.____________ you can get information or photo-printing stores in which you can order pictures,but the Internet has made the way we live our lives much faster than it 3.____________ (be) in the past.
Along with the good comes the bad,though.If you’ve never thought of the Internet as a possibly dangerous place,you need to be aware that,just like in the real world,there are some people who intend 4.____________ (use) the Internet to harm you.Therefore,it’s important to learn how to stay safe when you’re online.
First,you should never give out the following types of information online:your full name,your address,your phone number,your birth date or your password.Of course,you will have to provide these things when you order things online,but be sure you’re dealing 5.____________ an honest online shopkeeper.
Second,choose email addresses,screen names,and passwords 6.____________ (careful).Make sure they don’t uncover personal information about you.For example,don’t use your real name as your screen name!Passwords should also be nearly 7.____________ (possible) to guess.
Third,if you feel like you’re being cyberbullied (网络欺凌),whether via email,a social media website,or in a chat room online,be sure to report 8.____________ (they) to an adult.
Finally,remember that the Internet is a large place,but it has a way of 9.________ (spread) things around very quickly.If you wouldn’t want a friend or parent to see something,it’s probably something you shouldn’t post from 10.____________ beginning!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网给我们的生活带来很多便利的同时也伴随着一些不好的事情,互联网不是一个安全的地方,我们应该学会如何在网上保持安全。
1.connected　 [考查词性转换。句意:在当今互联互通的世界,很难想象生活在一个没有互联网的世界。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词world,所以此处使用形容词形式,故填connected。]
2.where　 [考查定语从句。句意:当然,现在仍然有图书馆,你可以在那里获取信息,也有照片打印店,你可以在那里订购照片,但是互联网使我们的生活方式比过去快得多。此空位于名词libraries之后,空前有谓语动词are,且空后有谓语动词can get,所以此处应为关系词引导的定语从句,从句中缺少状语,先行词libraries指的是地点,所以此处使用关系副词,故填where。]
3.was　 [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意同上。此空为从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语in the past可知,此处应为一般过去时,主语it为第三人称单数形式,故填was。]
4.to use　 [考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未想过互联网是一个可能危险的地方,你需要意识到,就像在现实世界中一样,有一些人打算利用互联网来伤害你。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据intend to do sth意为“打算做某事”可知,此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语,故填to use。]
5.with　 [考查介词。句意:当然,当你在网上订购东西时,你必须提供这些东西,但要确保你是在和一个诚实的网上店主打交道。此空位于名词单数之前,应使用介词构成介宾短语,结合句意可知,此处表示“与……打交道”应为deal with sb,故填with。]
6.carefully　 [考查词性转换。句意:其次,仔细选择电子邮件地址、网名和密码。此空为副词作状语修饰谓语动词choose,故填carefully。]
7.impossible　 [考查词形转换。句意:密码也应几乎不可能被猜到。此空为形容词作表语,结合句意可知,此处表示“不可能的”应为possible的反义词,故填impossible。]
8.them　 [考查代词。句意:第三,如果你觉得自己受到了网络欺凌,无论是通过电子邮件、社交媒体网站,还是在网上聊天室,一定要向成年人报告。此空为代词作report的宾语,故填them。]
9.spreading　 [考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,请记住,互联网是一个很大的地方,但它有一种迅速传播事物的方式。此空为非谓语动词形式作宾语,此空位于介词of之后,所以使用动词-ing形式作of的宾语,故填spreading。]
10.the　 [考查冠词。句意:如果你不想让朋友或父母看到一些东西,那么从一开始你就不应该发布这些东西!此空位于介词和名词之间,应使用冠词,固定短语from the beginning意为“从一开始”,符合句意,故填the。]

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