资源简介

(共88张PPT)
主题语境:人与社会——体育文化、体育精神
UNIT 2　Sports culture ——体育文化
大观念之单元话题:本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题为“体育文化、体育精神”。本单元要求学生理解体育与语言和文化的关系,感悟奥运文化和奥运精神的内涵,领会体育精神的实质,树立正确的输赢观,了解中国在奥运方面的发展历程和瞩目成就,增强文化自信和民族自豪感。
①sedentary / sedntri/ 　adj.(人)惯于久坐不动的
②well－established/ wel st bl t/ adj.得到确认的
③optimal / pt m l/ 　adj.最有效果的
④minimal / m n m l/　adj.极小的;极少的
⑤cardiology / k di l d i/　n.心脏病学
⑥assess / ses/　v.评价,评定;估价
⑦cardiovascular/ k di v skj l (r)/adj.心血管的
⑧cut－off / k t f/ 　n.界点,界限
⑨be associated with　与……有关
类文悦读·情境导学
即使每天只走4 000步,也可能降低你死于任何原因的风险——不过,你走得越多,对健康的好处就越大。
Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause,the largest analysis to date suggests—the more you walk,the greater the health benefits.The idea that a sedentary①
lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well－established②,but it has been
unclear what the optimal③ number of steps people should take,and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal④.To investigate,researchers led by Maciej Banach,a professor of cardiology⑤ at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland,drew on data from 17 previous studies—involving 226,889 people,who were followed for an average of seven years—to assess⑥ the health impacts of different daily step counts.
The study,published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause,while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular⑦ disease.Above these cut－offs⑧,each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with⑨ a 15％ reduction in the risk of dying from any case,while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7％ reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease.
“Our study confirms that the more you walk,the better,” said Banach.“We found that this applied to both men and women,regardless of age and the region where you live.In addition,our analysis indicates that as little as 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce deaths from any cause,and even fewer to reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease.”
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre－reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
According to the title,this passage is mainly about some common knowledge of the Olympic Games.
Step Two:While－reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Diverse sports in the Olympic Games.
B.The history and achievement of Beijing Olympic Games.
C.Some famous Olympic players who have made great contributions.
D.The history,developments and achievements of the Olympic Games.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) ①　　　　　　 of the Olympic Games
Part 2(Paras.②　 　) History of the Olympic Games
Part 3(Paras.③　 　) Well－known Olympians
Part 4(Para.6) ④　　　　　　 and the Olympic Games
Part 5(Para.7) ⑤　　　　　　 of the Olympic Games
Introduction
2&3
4&5　
China
Influence
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why is the Olympics acknowledged as an extraordinary sporting event
A.Because it is held every four years.
B.Because it has a history of about 3,000 years.
C.Because its spirit has never been changed.
D.Because it brings together top athletes in the world.
√
2.What do we know about Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis－Hill
A.They are both track and field athletes.
B.They both won more than one gold medal.
C.They both thought great talent could lead to sporting excellence.
D.They both should be applauded for their excellent achievements.
√
3.What’s the meaning of “proceed” in Line 25,Para.4
A.Determined. B.Continued.
C.Failed. D.Succeeded.
4.How many historic moments for China are mentioned in the last but one paragraph
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
√
√
5.How does the author develop the passage
①By listing numbers
②By giving examples
③By quoting words
④By using headlines
A.①② B.①②③
C.①②③④ D.①②④
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句,主句为　　　　　　 　　　　,句中when引导　　　　　　　　从句,修饰during the 1960 Rome Olympics。demonstrating...in the process为现在分词短语作状语。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
He came to public attention
非限制性定语
他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了公众的关注,当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌,在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋和优秀的品性。
2.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句。主句为　　　　　　　　,In an interview为状语,其中第一个that引导　　　　从句;第二个that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the training。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
__________________________________________________________
she revealed ...
宾语
她在采访中透露,自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于从来不缺席训练。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The Olympics play 1.　　　　　　 significant role in the sports calendar.The extraordinary sporting event first took place in the year 776 BCE.At that time,only Greek men were allowed 2.______________ (take) part.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.A Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,3. 　　　　　　dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from
a
to take
whose
different cultures live side by side in peace,4. 　　 　　　　(bring) the Olympics back to life.In the history of the Olympics,a lot of sportspersons deserve 5.　　　 　　　 (praise).Among them the boxer Cassius Clay and the track and field athlete Jessica Ennis－Hill are 6.____________ (extreme) excellent.Cassius Clay draw 7.___________ (people) attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal.Jessica Ennis－Hill’s story is a remarkable example of how hard work and 8._____________ (devote)
brought
to be praised/praising
extremely
people’s
devotion
can lead to outstanding performance in sports.The 2008 Beijing Olympics appealed 9.　　　　　　 the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.Another 10.　　　　　　 (history)moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
to
historic
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
[原文呈现]　 The Olympic Games
Every four years,thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship,solidarity①and fair play②,ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best.This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.[1]
[1]句中that引导定语从句,修饰event。
[Subheading③ 1]The history of the Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE④.During the early Games,only Greek men were allowed to participate.They competed⑤ in such events as boxing,running and the long jump.The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries,until they eventually died out⑥ around the year 393.
More than 1,500 years later,however,the Games rose⑦ again.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,who brought the Olympics back to life.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial⑧ origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.[2]For over a century,people from diverse⑨ backgrounds have made joint⑩ efforts to help realize Coubertin’s dream.
[2]句中that引导表语从句。
[Subheading 2]The sportspersons who should be applauded
Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes,both male and female,have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the
process.[3]Afterwards ,this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964,and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali.He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
[3]句中when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰during the 1960 Rome Olympics,现在分词短语demonstrating great talent and personality in the process作伴随状语。
Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill.Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence.A former track and field athlete from the UK,she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.As if that were not enough,she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016,just two years after giving birth to her first child.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.[4]
[4]句中第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰training。
[Subheading 3]The historic Olympic moments of China
The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also ranked first in the medal table.This success is truly remarkable if you consider that just 24 years before,at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal.[5] Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport
has been unstoppable.At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles ,while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games,the Chinese women’s volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final.[6] Another historic moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[5]句中if引导条件状语从句,该从句中that引导宾语从句。
[6]句中while连接两个并列句。
The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world.As Coubertin believed,“With the Olympic Games,each generation celebrates its advent ,its joy of living,its faith in the future,its ambition and its will to ascend .”
[名师圈点]
①solidarity / s l d r ti/ n.团结,齐心协力
②fair play (按规则进行的)公平比赛
rules designed to ensure fair play旨在确保比赛公平的规则
③subheading / s bhed / n.副标题
④BCE / bi si i / abbr.公元前
[联想]　CE / si i / 公元
⑤compete /k m pi t/ vi.参加比赛;竞争
⑥die out 逐渐消失,灭绝
⑦rise /r z/ vi.[熟词生义] 复活;再生
⑧racial / re l/ adj.种族的;种族间的
[派生构词]　race(n.种族)+-ial(形容词后缀)→racial(adj.)
⑨diverse /da v s/ adj.多种多样的,不同的
[派生构词]　diverse(adj.)+-ity(名词后级,表示“……特征,……行为”)→diversity(n.不同;多样化)
a great/wide/rich diversity of... 各种各样的 ……
⑩joint /d nt/ adj.联合的,共同的 n.关节;接合处
make joint efforts 共同努力
a joint account 联名账户
knee joints 膝关节
motivate / m t ve t/ vt.激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
motto / m t / n.格言,座右铭
boundary / ba ndri/ n.边界,分界线
national boundaries 国界
within/beyond the boundaries of sth
在某事物的范围内/超出某事物的范围
demonstrate / dem nstre t/ vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示
vi.游行示威
[派生词]demonstration / dem n stre n/ n.演 示;证实;表露;游行示威
afterwards / a ft w dz/ adv.以后,后来
shortly/soon afterwards 不久以后
proceed /pr si d/ vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
proceed to do sth 接着做某事
proceed with sth 继续做某事
proceed smoothly 进展顺利
flame /fle m/ n.火焰,火舌
light the flame 点燃火焰
applaud / pl d/ vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌
applaud...for (doing) sth因(做)某事而赞赏……
applaud loudly 热烈鼓掌
[拓展]applause / pl z/ n.鼓掌,喝彩
a round of applause 一阵鼓掌/喝彩
thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声
lead to 导致;通往
track and field 田径运动
consistent /k n s st nt/ adj.一致的,始终如一的;连续的
be consistent in... 在……方面一致
be consistent with... 与……一致/相符
[派生构词]consistent(adj.)+-ly(副词后缀)→consistently adv.一致地,始终如一地;连续地
call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
call on 公开请求,呼吁
humanity /hju m n ti/ n.(统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈(=human being,humankind,human,man,mankind);
a man of deep humanity 一个极富同情心的人
rank /r k/ vi.& vt.属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n.地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔
trend /trend/ n.趋势,趋向
upward trend 上升的趋势
trend towards... ……的趋势
hurdle / h dl/ n.(hurdles)跨栏赛;栏架;障碍
election / lek n/ n.选举,推选;当选
win/lose an election 在选举中获胜/失败
have/hold an election 举行选举
run for election 参加竞选
[派生构词]　elect(vt.选举;选择)+-ion(名词后级)→ election(n.)
elect sb to be/as... 选举某人担任……
elect to do sth 选择做某事
advent / dvent/ n.(重要事件、人物等的)到来,出现
faith /fe θ/ n.信心;宗教信仰
faith in... 对……的信心/信任
ambition / m b n/ n.追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
ascend / send/ vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高
[参考译文]　 奥林匹克运动会
每过四年,成千上万名训练有素、天赋过人的运动员,本着友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神聚集在一起准备相互较量,希望能成为举世公认的顶尖选手。这就是奥运会——一场可以追溯到约3 000年前的非凡的体育赛事。
[副标题1]奥林匹克运动会的历史
古代奥林匹克运动会始于公元前776年。早期的奥运会只允许希腊男性参赛。他们的竞赛项目包括拳击、赛跑和跳远。古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举办,持续了近12个世纪,直到公元393年前后才最终停办。
然而1 500多年后,奥运会旧火重燃。1896年,第一届现代奥运会在雅典举办。是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。一个多世纪以来,来自不同背景的人们共同努力,帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。
[副标题2] 值得称赞的运动员
在原先的奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下,许多著名的男女运动员致力于在体育运动方面追求卓越突破人类成就的极限。拳击手卡修斯·克莱就是这样一名奥运会选手。他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了公众的关注,当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌,在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋和优秀的品性。后来,这位年轻人又在1964年成为了世界重量级拳击冠军,之后将名字改成了我们耳熟能详的穆罕默德·阿里。1996年,他重返亚特兰大奥林匹克运动会,在开幕式上点燃了奥运火炬。在2016年过世前,阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。
另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯-希尔。她的故事为我们出色地示范了如何通过勤奋和专注取得优异的体育成绩。作为一名前英国田径运动员,2012年,她在自己的祖国赢得了一块奥运金牌。不仅如此,2016年,在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后,她又重返奥运赛场并斩获一块银牌。她在采访中透露,自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于从来不缺席训练。
[副标题3]中国奥运会的历史性时刻
2008年北京奥运会以“同一个世界,同一个梦想”为口号,号召全世界共享奥运精神,为人类共建美好未来。中国不仅是第一次举办奥运会,更是在奖牌榜上位列第一。考虑到仅仅24年前,许海峰才在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为我们国家摘得了史上第一块金牌,这份成功着实令人瞩目。从那时起,中国体育的上升势头就不可阻挡了。2004年雅典奥林匹克运动会上,刘翔成为亚洲赢得男子110米跨栏金牌的第一人,而在2016年里约奥林匹克运动会上,中国女子排球队在决赛中艰苦作战取得了胜利。中国的另一个历史性时刻是北京在2015年赢得主办权后成功举办2022年冬奥会。
奥林匹克运动会给全世界人民带来了喜悦和激动。正如顾拜旦所信奉的:“有了奥林匹克运动会,每一代人都能庆祝他们的到来、他们生活的喜悦、他们对未来的信念、他们的雄心,以及他们进取的决心。”
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
The Legend (传说) of Kung Fu
According to a legend,in the fifth century,an Indian master taught some monks at the Shaolin Temple a series of exercises,or forms,inspired by the movement of animals.These forms became the basis of the style of fighting known as Kung Fu.Over 16 centuries,the monks have used Kung Fu for self-defense and in war.With it,they have won many battles against their enemies.
In Dengfeng today,ten kilometers from the Shaolin Temple,there are over 60 martial arts (武术) schools with more than 50,000 students.Students come to the schools for a variety of reasons.Some hope to become movie stars.Others come to learn skills that will ensure good jobs in the military or police force.A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work.
Master Hu Zhengsheng teaches at a small school in Dengfeng.Recently,he was offered an important role in a Kung Fu movie.It could have been good publicity for his school.However,he did not accept.He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence.
Unlike many large schools,which teach acrobatics (特技) and kickboxing,Hu teaches his students traditional Kung Fu forms.He teaches them the way his master—a Shaolin legend taught him.But attracting new students to this style of Kung Fu has become a problem.Hu is afraid his art will soon die out.He has to remind his students that Kung Fu was designed for fighting,not to entertain.
Hu’s students sleep in unheated rooms and train outside no matter what the temperature.They hit trees with their bare hands and take turns sitting on each other’s shoulders to build leg strength.Why such hardship To master Kung Fu,they must learn respect,and how to “eat bitterness”,a Chinese expression meaning “to endure suffering”.
Master Hu is in a difficult position.For old traditions to survive,the young must learn.Gradually,he had begun offering a few courses in kickboxing and the acrobatic Kung Fu forms,hoping to attract new students.Then,maybe,he’ll be able to convince them to learn Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了胡正生大师在登封教授年轻人学习传统少林武术的故事。
1.What is true about Kung Fu
A.It’s over 17 centuries old.
B.It was traditionally used for fighting.
C.It was introduced to China from Thailand.
D.It was originally designed to entertain people.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Over 16 centuries,the monks...against their enemies.”可知,最开始功夫是以自我防御和打仗为目的的。故选B。
√
2.What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To show why Hu teaches acrobatics and kickboxing.
B.To convince people that they can be rich and famous.
C.To explain the challenges traditional Kung Fu schools face.
D.To show how Hu’s ideas about Kung Fu are different from other teachers.
解析　写作目的题。根据第三段的“He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence,”可推测,本段的主要目的是说明胡正生对功夫的理解与他人是不同的,他觉得电视上展示的武功很暴力。故选D。
√
3.In the fifth paragraph,the underlined words “endure suffering” mean 　　　　.
A.eat something bitter B.be patient
C.do something enjoyable D.be hardworking
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子可知,中文表达“eat bitterness”所传递的是“be hardworking”的意思,因此D项符合以上说法。故选D。
√
4.Why does the passage mention Hu Zhengsheng
A.He is a Kung Fu student learning kickboxing.
B.He is a Kung Fu master preserving old traditions.
C.He is the man who introduced Kung Fu to China.
D.He is a famous actor in an exciting Kung Fu movie.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Master Hu is in a difficult position...Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.”可推测,文章提及胡大师是因为他是一位保护古老传统的功夫大师。故选B。
√
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous (剧烈的) exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance,the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activities may be quite large,” John Reilly,a professor at the University of Strathclyde said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5,000 children who
were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U.K.between 1991 and 1992.When children reached 11 years old,their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days.The device,similar to a pedometer (计步器) tracking the number of steps taken,recorded the average time children exercised,which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students, and also at age 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English,math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activities,the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls, science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13,their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam,each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score,especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be acquired if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于运动能帮助提高青少年学习成绩的研究。
5.What’s the study about
A.The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
B.The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
C.The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D.The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
解析　细节理解题。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,这项研究是关于运动对青少年学习成绩的影响。故选A。
√
6.What is the function of the device used in the study
A.To record how long students exercise.
B.To record the walking speed of students.
C.To record how many steps students walk.
D.To record the number of calories students consume.
解析　细节理解题。由第二段“The device,similar to a pedometer...for boys and 18 for girls.”可知,这个设备的作用是记录孩子们每天的运动时间。故选A。
√
7.What do the study’s results show
A.Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B.Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C.Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D.More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
解析　细节理解题。由第三段“For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.”可知,研究显示女孩子的科学成绩跟运动关系更加密切。故选C。
√
8.Where does the text most probably appear
A.In a storybook. B.In a fashion magazine.
C.In an exercise guide. D.In a research report.
解析　文章出处题。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,一项新的研究表明,运动可以帮助青少年提高成绩。结合后文的研究成果,可知本文是一篇研究报告。故选D。
√
C
Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey(冰球) can all trace their beginnings to early civilizations that fastened animal bones to their feet to skate on ice,according to A Dictionary of British History.Bone runners found in Switzerland date as far back as 3,000 BC and there is also evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.
Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.Wealthy Europeans picked up the sport while visiting the Netherlands,and British royals soon brought skating back to England in the late 1600s.When the Thames froze over in 1683,skating was among the many recreations at London’s famous winter fair on the ice,which King Charles Ⅱ attended.
At the end of the 18th century,American ballet dancer Jackson Haines transformed the sport into what is now known as figure skating by introducing elements of ballet to the ice.According to A Dictionary of American History,Haines skated in bear and ballet costumes and toured with exhibitions across Europe,where he was most admired in Vienna,Austria.
Ice skating evolved into other sports,including speed skating and ice hockey.Speed skating has been around as early as Dutch people dared to race on their skates,but hockey developed in 19th-century Canada as an icy version of field hockey.Both were well-established by the 1900s,so they were on the list in the first Winter Olympics.
Since the 1900s,different ice skating clubs have been founded around the Western world.As interest grew,the clubs’ membership increased over the next 50 years.By the end of the 20th century,ice skating was so widespread that it was one of the few recreations enjoyed by almost every Westerner.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了滑冰的历史和不同年代受到西方人欢迎的各种滑冰项目。
9.Which of the following is the oldest sport according to the text
A.Ice hockey. B.Speed skating.
C.Bone running. D.Figure skating.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey can all trace their beginnings to...evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.”可知,文章中提及的最古老的运动是 Bone running。
√
10.Who contributed most to the figure skating
A.British royals. B.Jackson Haines.
C.Dutch people. D.King Charles Ⅱ.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“At the end of the...of ballet to the ice.”可知,对花样滑冰运动贡献最大的是将芭蕾的元素引到冰上并将其变成花样滑冰的 Jackson Haines。
√
11.In what order did the author write the passage
A.In order of importance. B.In order of place.
C.In order of time. D.In order of frequency.
解析　写作手法题。根据第一段中“3,000 BC”;第二段中“in the early 17th century”“ in the late 1600s”和“in 1683”;第三段中“At the end of the 18th century”;第四段中“in 19th-century”和最后一段中“By the end of the 20th century”等表示时间的短语可看出,本文是按照时间顺序来展开说明的。
√
12.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How ice skating came into spotlight.
B.How ice skating evolved and became well-received.
C.Why ice skating is famous in the world.
D.Why ice skating enters Winter Olympics.
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了不同时期不同滑冰方式是如何发展起来的,以及如何受到大家欢迎的。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
If you desire to meet new friends,have fun and get into shape,basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur.
　1　.
Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball.
·Improve your fitness levels.
Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels.Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular(心血管的) exercise,which is beneficial to people with heart problems.　2　
·Encourage teamwork.
Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective.　3　This sport is great for kids,as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal.Learning how to relate with others will improve your child’s confidence as well as self-esteem(自尊).
·　4　
Making a shot or winning can really improve your child’s self-esteem,which is a vital aspect during childhood.Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better,according to recent studies.
·Develop social skills.
It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds.This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy,as it helps them interact with new friends.　5　
Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball,it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
A.Build up your muscles.
B.Improve confidence and self-esteem.
C.The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win.
D.Social skills will help your child function better in life.
E.Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons.
F.Generally speaking,basketball is one of the safest sports in the world.
G.Moreover,it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了打篮球的好处。
1.E　[上句介绍如果想认识新朋友,玩得开心,锻炼身体,篮球是最适合的运动。E项“出于各种原因,篮球在世界范围内很受欢迎”与上句承接,说明了打篮球的普遍性,故选E。]
2.G　[本部分介绍打篮球能提高健康水平,上句介绍打篮球是很好的心血管运动,对心脏问题有好处。G项“此外,它有助于氧气循环和血液在全身的分布”与上句并列,说明打篮球对健康的好处,故选G。]
3.C　[本部分介绍打篮球能鼓励团队合作,C项“为了保证胜利,队员们必须团结一致”介绍了合作的重要性,符合本段内容,故选C。]
4.B　[根据本部分中“improve your child’s self-esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知,该段主要介绍打篮球对孩子自尊心和自信心的好处,B项“Improve confidence and self-esteem.”概括了这两项内容,适合作为本段标题,故选B。]
5.D　[本部分介绍打篮球在提高社交技能方面的作用,D项“社交技巧将帮助你的孩子在生活中更好地发挥作用”介绍了社交技能的重要性。D项中的“Social skills”与标题一致,故选D。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:monk n.修道士,僧侣　martial adj.战争的;军事的　publicity n.关注,宣传　kickboxing n.跆拳道　B篇:moderate adj.适度的;中等的　vigorous adj.剧烈的;充满活力的;果断的
七选五:amateur n.业余爱好者;业余运动员
主题词块 A篇:unheated rooms没有开启供暖设备的房间　
B篇:a sample of样本　compulsory national tests强制性国家考试　
七选五:be associated to与……有关系;与……相联系
熟词生义 七选五:perform熟义:v.演出;表演　生义:v.做;履行;执行
It is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
你有必要做其他的运动来提高你的速度和力量。
A computer can perform many tasks at once.
电脑能同时执行多项任务。
难句剖析 C篇:Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.
[译文]　现代滑冰可能起源于荷兰,在17世纪初,它被认为是该国的一种全民娱乐活动,当时贵族们为了娱乐会在结冰的运河上滑冰。
[分析]　本句是复合句,主句是Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,其中where引导定语从句,when引导定语从句。UNIT 2 Sports culture——体育文化
主题语境:人与社会——体育文化体育精神
大观念之单元话题:本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题为“体育文化、体育精神”。本单元要求学生理解体育与语言和文化的关系,感悟奥运文化和奥运精神的内涵,领会体育精神的实质,树立正确的输赢观,了解中国在奥运方面的发展历程和瞩目成就,增强文化自信和民族自豪感。
①sedentary / sedntri/ adj.(人)惯于久坐不动的
②well-established/ wel st bl t/ adj.
得到确认的
③optimal / pt m l/ adj.最有效果的
④minimal / m n m l/adj.极小的;极少的
⑤cardiology / k di l d i/n.心脏病学
⑥assess / ses/v.评价,评定;估价
⑦cardiovascular/ k di v skj l (r)/adj.心血管的
⑧cut-off / k t f/ n.界点,界限
⑨be associated with　与……有关
类文悦读·情境导学
　　即使每天只走4 000步,也可能降低你死于任何原因的风险——不过,你走得越多,对健康的好处就越大。
Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause,the largest analysis to date suggests—the more you walk,the greater the health benefits.The idea that a sedentary① lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well-established②,but it has been unclear what the optimal③ number of steps people should take,and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal④.To investigate,researchers led by Maciej Banach,a professor of cardiology⑤ at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland,drew on data from 17 previous studies—involving 226,889 people,who were followed for an average of seven years—to assess⑥ the health impacts of different daily step counts.
The study,published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause,while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular⑦ disease.Above these cut-offs⑧,each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with⑨ a 15% reduction in the risk of dying from any case,while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7% reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease.
“Our study confirms that the more you walk,the better,” said Banach.“We found that this applied to both men and women,regardless of age and the region where you live.In addition,our analysis indicates that as little as 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce deaths from any cause,and even fewer to reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease.”
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit &Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案　According to the title,this passage is mainly about some common knowledge of the Olympic Games.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
　What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Diverse sports in the Olympic Games.
B.The history and achievement of Beijing Olympic Games.
C.Some famous Olympic players who have made great contributions.
D.The history,developments and achievements of the Olympic Games.
答案　D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) ①Introduction of the Olympic Games
Part 2(Paras.②2&3) History of the Olympic Games
Part 3(Paras.③4&5) Well-known Olympians
Part 4(Para.6) ④China and the Olympic Games
Part 5(Para.7) ⑤Influence of the Olympic Games
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why is the Olympics acknowledged as an extraordinary sporting event
A.Because it is held every four years.
B.Because it has a history of about 3,000 years.
C.Because its spirit has never been changed.
D.Because it brings together top athletes in the world.
2.What do we know about Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis-Hill
A.They are both track and field athletes.
B.They both won more than one gold medal.
C.They both thought great talent could lead to sporting excellence.
D.They both should be applauded for their excellent achievements.
3.What’s the meaning of “proceed” in Line 25,Para.4
A.Determined. B.Continued.
C.Failed. D.Succeeded.
4.How many historic moments for China are mentioned in the last but one paragraph
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
5.How does the author develop the passage
①By listing numbers
②By giving examples
③By quoting words
④By using headlines
A.①② B.①②③
C.①②③④ D.①②④
答案　1.D　2.D　3.B　4.D　5.C
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句,主句为He came to public attention,句中when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰during the 1960 Rome Olympics。demonstrating...in the process为现在分词短语作状语。
尝试翻译:他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了公众的关注,当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌,在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋和优秀的品性。
2.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句。主句为she revealed ...,In an interview为状语,其中第一个that引导宾语从句;第二个that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the training。
尝试翻译:她在采访中透露,自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于从来不缺席训练。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The Olympics play 1.a significant role in the sports calendar.The extraordinary sporting event first took place in the year 776 BCE.At that time,only Greek men were allowed 2. to take (take) part.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.A Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,3. whose dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace,4. brought (bring) the Olympics back to life.In the history of the Olympics,a lot of sportspersons deserve 5.to be praised/praising (praise).Among them the boxer Cassius Clay and the track and field athlete Jessica Ennis-Hill are 6.extremely (extreme) excellent.Cassius Clay draw 7.people’s (people) attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal.Jessica Ennis-Hill’s story is a remarkable example of how hard work and 8.devotion(devote)can lead to outstanding performance in sports.The 2008 Beijing Olympics appealed 9.to the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.Another 10.historic (history)moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[原文呈现]　 The Olympic Games
Every four years,thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship,solidarity①and fair play②,ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best.This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.[1]
[1]句中that引导定语从句,修饰event。
[Subheading③ 1]The history of the Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE④.During the early Games,only Greek men were allowed to participate.They competed⑤ in such events as boxing,running and the long jump.The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries,until they eventually died out⑥ around the year 393.
More than 1,500 years later,however,the Games rose⑦ again.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,who brought the Olympics back to life.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial⑧ origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.[2]For over a century,people from diverse⑨ backgrounds have made joint⑩ efforts to help realize Coubertin’s dream.
[2]句中that引导表语从句。
[Subheading 2]The sportspersons who should be applauded
Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes,both male and female,have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.[3]Afterwards ,this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964,and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali.He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
[3]句中when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰during the 1960 Rome Olympics,现在分词短语demonstrating great talent and personality in the process作伴随状语。
Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill.Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence.A former track and field athlete from the UK,she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.As if that were not enough,she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016,just two years after giving birth to her first child.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.[4]
[4]句中第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰training。
[Subheading 3]The historic Olympic moments of China
The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also ranked first in the medal table.This success is truly remarkable if you consider that just 24 years before,at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal.[5] Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable.At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles,while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games,the Chinese women’s volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final.[6] Another historic moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[5]句中if引导条件状语从句,该从句中that引导宾语从句。
[6]句中while连接两个并列句。
The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world.As Coubertin believed,“With the Olympic Games,each generation celebrates its advent,its joy of living,its faith in the future,its ambition and its will to ascend.”
[名师圈点]
①solidarity / s l d r ti/ n.团结,齐心协力
②fair play (按规则进行的)公平比赛
rules designed to ensure fair play旨在确保比赛公平的规则
③subheading / s bhed / n.副标题
④BCE / bi si i / abbr.公元前
[联想]　CE / si i / 公元
⑤compete /k m pi t/ vi.参加比赛;竞争
⑥die out 逐渐消失,灭绝
⑦rise /r z/ vi.[熟词生义] 复活;再生
⑧racial / re l/ adj.种族的;种族间的
[派生构词]　race(n.种族)+-ial(形容词后缀)→racial(adj.)
⑨diverse /da v s/ adj.多种多样的,不同的
[派生构词]　diverse(adj.)+-ity(名词后级,表示“……特征,……行为”)→diversity(n.不同;多样化)
a great/wide/rich diversity of...
各种各样的 ……
⑩joint /d nt/ adj.联合的,共同的
n.关节;接合处
make joint efforts 共同努力
a joint account 联名账户
knee joints 膝关节
motivate / m t ve t/ vt.激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
motto / m t / n.格言,座右铭
boundary / ba ndri/ n.边界,分界线
national boundaries 国界
within/beyond the boundaries of sth 在某事物的范围内/超出某事物的范围
demonstrate / dem nstre t/ vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示 vi.游行示威
[派生词]demonstration / dem n stre n/ n.演 示;证实;表露;游行示威
afterwards / a ft w dz/ adv.以后,后来
shortly/soon afterwards 不久以后
proceed /pr si d/ vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
proceed to do sth 接着做某事
proceed with sth 继续做某事
proceed smoothly 进展顺利
flame /fle m/ n.火焰,火舌
light the flame 点燃火焰
applaud / pl d/ vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌
applaud...for (doing) sth因(做)某事而赞赏……
applaud loudly 热烈鼓掌
[拓展]applause / pl z/ n.鼓掌,喝彩
a round of applause 一阵鼓掌/喝彩
thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声
lead to 导致;通往
track and field 田径运动
consistent /k n s st nt/ adj.一致的,始终如一的;连续的
be consistent in... 在……方面一致
be consistent with... 与……一致/相符
[派生构词]consistent(adj.)+-ly(副词后缀)→consistently adv.一致地,始终如一地;连续地
call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
call on 公开请求,呼吁
humanity /hju m n ti/ n.(统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈(=human being,humankind,human,man,mankind);
a man of deep humanity 一个极富同情心的人
rank /r k/ vi.& vt.属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n.地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔
trend /trend/ n.趋势,趋向
upward trend 上升的趋势
trend towards... ……的趋势
hurdle / h dl/ n.(hurdles)跨栏赛;栏架;障碍
election / lek n/ n.选举,推选;当选
win/lose an election 在选举中获胜/失败
have/hold an election 举行选举
run for election 参加竞选
[派生构词]　elect(vt.选举;选择)+-ion(名词后级)→ election(n.)
elect sb to be/as... 选举某人担任……
elect to do sth 选择做某事
advent / dvent/ n.(重要事件、人物等的)到来,出现
faith /fe θ/ n.信心;宗教信仰
faith in... 对……的信心/信任
ambition / m b n/ n.追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
ascend / send/ vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高
[参考译文]　 奥林匹克运动会
每过四年,成千上万名训练有素、天赋过人的运动员,本着友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神聚集在一起准备相互较量,希望能成为举世公认的顶尖选手。这就是奥运会——一场可以追溯到约3 000年前的非凡的体育赛事。
[副标题1]奥林匹克运动会的历史
古代奥林匹克运动会始于公元前776年。早期的奥运会只允许希腊男性参赛。他们的竞赛项目包括拳击、赛跑和跳远。古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举办,持续了近12个世纪,直到公元393年前后才最终停办。
然而1 500多年后,奥运会旧火重燃。1896年,第一届现代奥运会在雅典举办。是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。一个多世纪以来,来自不同背景的人们共同努力,帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。
[副标题2] 值得称赞的运动员
在原先的奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下,许多著名的男女运动员致力于在体育运动方面追求卓越突破人类成就的极限。拳击手卡修斯·克莱就是这样一名奥运会选手。他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了公众的关注,当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌,在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋和优秀的品性。后来,这位年轻人又在1964年成为了世界重量级拳击冠军,之后将名字改成了我们耳熟能详的穆罕默德·阿里。1996年,他重返亚特兰大奥林匹克运动会,在开幕式上点燃了奥运火炬。在2016年过世前,阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。
另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯-希尔。她的故事为我们出色地示范了如何通过勤奋和专注取得优异的体育成绩。作为一名前英国田径运动员,2012年,她在自己的祖国赢得了一块奥运金牌。不仅如此,2016年,在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后,她又重返奥运赛场并斩获一块银牌。她在采访中透露,自己维持良好表现的秘诀在于从来不缺席训练。
[副标题3]中国奥运会的历史性时刻
2008年北京奥运会以“同一个世界,同一个梦想”为口号,号召全世界共享奥运精神,为人类共建美好未来。中国不仅是第一次举办奥运会,更是在奖牌榜上位列第一。考虑到仅仅24年前,许海峰才在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为我们国家摘得了史上第一块金牌,这份成功着实令人瞩目。从那时起,中国体育的上升势头就不可阻挡了。2004年雅典奥林匹克运动会上,刘翔成为亚洲赢得男子110米跨栏金牌的第一人,而在2016年里约奥林匹克运动会上,中国女子排球队在决赛中艰苦作战取得了胜利。中国的另一个历史性时刻是北京在2015年赢得主办权后成功举办2022年冬奥会。
奥林匹克运动会给全世界人民带来了喜悦和激动。正如顾拜旦所信奉的:“有了奥林匹克运动会,每一代人都能庆祝他们的到来、他们生活的喜悦、他们对未来的信念、他们的雄心,以及他们进取的决心。”
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
The Legend (传说) of Kung Fu
According to a legend,in the fifth century,an Indian master taught some monks at the Shaolin Temple a series of exercises,or forms,inspired by the movement of animals.These forms became the basis of the style of fighting known as Kung Fu.Over 16 centuries,the monks have used Kung Fu for self-defense and in war.With it,they have won many battles against their enemies.
In Dengfeng today,ten kilometers from the Shaolin Temple,there are over 60 martial arts (武术) schools with more than 50,000 students.Students come to the schools for a variety of reasons.Some hope to become movie stars.Others come to learn skills that will ensure good jobs in the military or police force.A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work.
Master Hu Zhengsheng teaches at a small school in Dengfeng.Recently,he was offered an important role in a Kung Fu movie.It could have been good publicity for his school.However,he did not accept.He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence.
Unlike many large schools,which teach acrobatics (特技) and kickboxing,Hu teaches his students traditional Kung Fu forms.He teaches them the way his master—a Shaolin legend taught him.But attracting new students to this style of Kung Fu has become a problem.Hu is afraid his art will soon die out.He has to remind his students that Kung Fu was designed for fighting,not to entertain.
Hu’s students sleep in unheated rooms and train outside no matter what the temperature.They hit trees with their bare hands and take turns sitting on each other’s shoulders to build leg strength.Why such hardship To master Kung Fu,they must learn respect,and how to “eat bitterness”,a Chinese expression meaning “to endure suffering”.
Master Hu is in a difficult position.For old traditions to survive,the young must learn.Gradually,he had begun offering a few courses in kickboxing and the acrobatic Kung Fu forms,hoping to attract new students.Then,maybe,he’ll be able to convince them to learn Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了胡正生大师在登封教授年轻人学习传统少林武术的故事。
1.What is true about Kung Fu
A.It’s over 17 centuries old.
B.It was traditionally used for fighting.
C.It was introduced to China from Thailand.
D.It was originally designed to entertain people.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Over 16 centuries,the monks...against their enemies.”可知,最开始功夫是以自我防御和打仗为目的的。故选B。]
2.What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To show why Hu teaches acrobatics and kickboxing.
B.To convince people that they can be rich and famous.
C.To explain the challenges traditional Kung Fu schools face.
D.To show how Hu’s ideas about Kung Fu are different from other teachers.
答案　D　[写作目的题。根据第三段的“He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence,”可推测,本段的主要目的是说明胡正生对功夫的理解与他人是不同的,他觉得电视上展示的武功很暴力。故选D。]
3.In the fifth paragraph,the underlined words “endure suffering” mean 　　　　.
A.eat something bitter B.be patient
C.do something enjoyable D.be hardworking
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子可知,中文表达“eat bitterness”所传递的是“be hardworking”的意思,因此D项符合以上说法。故选D。]
4.Why does the passage mention Hu Zhengsheng
A.He is a Kung Fu student learning kickboxing.
B.He is a Kung Fu master preserving old traditions.
C.He is the man who introduced Kung Fu to China.
D.He is a famous actor in an exciting Kung Fu movie.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Master Hu is in a difficult position...Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.”可推测,文章提及胡大师是因为他是一位保护古老传统的功夫大师。故选B。]
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous (剧烈的) exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance,the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activities may be quite large,” John Reilly,a professor at the University of Strathclyde said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5,000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U.K.between 1991 and 1992.When children reached 11 years old,their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days.The device,similar to a pedometer (计步器) tracking the number of steps taken,recorded the average time children exercised,which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students,and also at age 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English,math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activities,the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13,their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam,each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score,especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be acquired if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于运动能帮助提高青少年学习成绩的研究。
5.What’s the study about
A.The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
B.The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
C.The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D.The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
答案　A　[细节理解题。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,这项研究是关于运动对青少年学习成绩的影响。故选A。]
6.What is the function of the device used in the study
A.To record how long students exercise.
B.To record the walking speed of students.
C.To record how many steps students walk.
D.To record the number of calories students consume.
答案　A　[细节理解题。由第二段“The device,similar to a pedometer...for boys and 18 for girls.”可知,这个设备的作用是记录孩子们每天的运动时间。故选A。]
7.What do the study’s results show
A.Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B.Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C.Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D.More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
答案　C　[细节理解题。由第三段“For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.”可知,研究显示女孩子的科学成绩跟运动关系更加密切。故选C。]
8.Where does the text most probably appear
A.In a storybook. B.In a fashion magazine.
C.In an exercise guide. D.In a research report.
答案　D　[文章出处题。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,一项新的研究表明,运动可以帮助青少年提高成绩。结合后文的研究成果,可知本文是一篇研究报告。故选D。]
C
Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey(冰球) can all trace their beginnings to early civilizations that fastened animal bones to their feet to skate on ice,according to A Dictionary of British History.Bone runners found in Switzerland date as far back as 3,000 BC and there is also evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.
Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.Wealthy Europeans picked up the sport while visiting the Netherlands,and British royals soon brought skating back to England in the late 1600s.When the Thames froze over in 1683,skating was among the many recreations at London’s famous winter fair on the ice,which King Charles Ⅱ attended.
At the end of the 18th century,American ballet dancer Jackson Haines transformed the sport into what is now known as figure skating by introducing elements of ballet to the ice.According to A Dictionary of American History,Haines skated in bear and ballet costumes and toured with exhibitions across Europe,where he was most admired in Vienna,Austria.
Ice skating evolved into other sports,including speed skating and ice hockey.Speed skating has been around as early as Dutch people dared to race on their skates,but hockey developed in 19th-century Canada as an icy version of field hockey.Both were well-established by the 1900s,so they were on the list in the first Winter Olympics.
Since the 1900s,different ice skating clubs have been founded around the Western world.As interest grew,the clubs’ membership increased over the next 50 years.By the end of the 20th century,ice skating was so widespread that it was one of the few recreations enjoyed by almost every Westerner.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了滑冰的历史和不同年代受到西方人欢迎的各种滑冰项目。
9.Which of the following is the oldest sport according to the text
A.Ice hockey. B.Speed skating.
C.Bone running. D.Figure skating.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey can all trace their beginnings to...evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.”可知,文章中提及的最古老的运动是 Bone running。]
10.Who contributed most to the figure skating
A.British royals. B.Jackson Haines.
C.Dutch people. D.King Charles Ⅱ.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“At the end of the...of ballet to the ice.”可知,对花样滑冰运动贡献最大的是将芭蕾的元素引到冰上并将其变成花样滑冰的 Jackson Haines。]
11.In what order did the author write the passage
A.In order of importance. B.In order of place.
C.In order of time. D.In order of frequency.
答案　C　[写作手法题。根据第一段中“3,000 BC”;第二段中“in the early 17th century”“ in the late 1600s”和“in 1683”;第三段中“At the end of the 18th century”;第四段中“in 19th-century”和最后一段中“By the end of the 20th century”等表示时间的短语可看出,本文是按照时间顺序来展开说明的。]
12.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How ice skating came into spotlight.
B.How ice skating evolved and became well-received.
C.Why ice skating is famous in the world.
D.Why ice skating enters Winter Olympics.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了不同时期不同滑冰方式是如何发展起来的,以及如何受到大家欢迎的。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
If you desire to meet new friends,have fun and get into shape,basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur.
　1　.
Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball.
·Improve your fitness levels.
Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels.Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular(心血管的) exercise,which is beneficial to people with heart problems.　2　
·Encourage teamwork.
Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective.　3　This sport is great for kids,as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal.Learning how to relate with others will improve your child’s confidence as well as self-esteem(自尊).
·　4　
Making a shot or winning can really improve your child’s self-esteem,which is a vital aspect during childhood.Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better,according to recent studies.
·Develop social skills.
It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds.This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy,as it helps them interact with new friends.　5　
Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball,it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
A.Build up your muscles.
B.Improve confidence and self-esteem.
C.The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win.
D.Social skills will help your child function better in life.
E.Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons.
F.Generally speaking,basketball is one of the safest sports in the world.
G.Moreover,it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了打篮球的好处。
1.E　[上句介绍如果想认识新朋友,玩得开心,锻炼身体,篮球是最适合的运动。E项“出于各种原因,篮球在世界范围内很受欢迎”与上句承接,说明了打篮球的普遍性,故选E。]
2.G　[本部分介绍打篮球能提高健康水平,上句介绍打篮球是很好的心血管运动,对心脏问题有好处。G项“此外,它有助于氧气循环和血液在全身的分布”与上句并列,说明打篮球对健康的好处,故选G。]
3.C　[本部分介绍打篮球能鼓励团队合作,C项“为了保证胜利,队员们必须团结一致”介绍了合作的重要性,符合本段内容,故选C。]
4.B　[根据本部分中“improve your child’s self-esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知,该段主要介绍打篮球对孩子自尊心和自信心的好处,B项“Improve confidence and self-esteem.”概括了这两项内容,适合作为本段标题,故选B。]
5.D　[本部分介绍打篮球在提高社交技能方面的作用,D项“社交技巧将帮助你的孩子在生活中更好地发挥作用”介绍了社交技能的重要性。D项中的“Social skills”与标题一致,故选D。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:monk n.修道士,僧侣　martial adj.战争的;军事的　publicity n.关注,宣传　kickboxing n.跆拳道　B篇:moderate adj.适度的;中等的　vigorous adj.剧烈的;充满活力的;果断的 七选五:amateur n.业余爱好者;业余运动员
主题词块 A篇:unheated rooms没有开启供暖设备的房间　B篇:a sample of样本　compulsory national tests强制性国家考试　七选五:be associated to与……有关系;与……相联系
熟词生义 七选五:perform熟义:v.演出;表演　生义:v.做;履行;执行 It is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power. 你有必要做其他的运动来提高你的速度和力量。 A computer can perform many tasks at once. 电脑能同时执行多项任务。
难句剖析 C篇:Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun. [译文]　现代滑冰可能起源于荷兰,在17世纪初,它被认为是该国的一种全民娱乐活动,当时贵族们为了娱乐会在结冰的运河上滑冰。 [分析]　本句是复合句,主句是Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,其中where引导定语从句,when引导定语从句。

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