资源简介

(共84张PPT)
主题语境:人与社会——医学进展，疾病与健康
UNIT 4 Fit for life——健康生活
大观念之单元话题:本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题为“生命健康及医学等领域”,让学生了解生物医学领域的创新研究和发展,认识现代医学对人类健康的影响,除此以外,还要了解针灸的作用、特点以及对医学的贡献,培养学生对生命科学的热爱,重视近视问题,培养传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的意识,坚定文化自信。
①allergic / l d k/ adj.过敏的
②radiation / re di e n/ n.辐射
③sample / sɑ mp( )l/ n.样品
④transform /tr ns f m/ vt.& vi.转换
⑤be exposed to暴露于
类文悦读·情境导学
“救命针”到了太空竟变“毒针” 加拿大一群学生实验发现惊人结果。
Student scientists study EpiPens in space
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery:EpiPens,which help control severe allergic① reactions,might not work in space.
An EpiPen is a shot that puts a medicine called “epinephrine (肾上腺素)” straight into a person’s body with a needle.Epinephrine calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
But students in the Program for Gifted Learners had a question about EpiPens:Would they work in space They knew that on Earth,radiation② from the sun can change the molecules (分子) of the epinephrine in an EpiPen.They wondered if the same thing would happen when epinephrine was exposed to⑤ radiation in space.So they designed an experiment to test their idea.They wanted to send samples③ of the liquid in an EpiPen,as well as pure epinephrine,into space to see if anything changed.
Working with a group called iEDU,which offers a program called Cubes in Space,the students sent two cubes into space—one on a rocket and the other on a balloon.Each cube held a small bottle of pure epinephrine and a small bottle of EpiPen liquid.
After the cubes returned to Earth,the students tested the liquids in the bottles once more.The results suggested that they had discovered something big.The bottles that held the EpiPen liquid now had no epinephrine at all.The results from the bottles of pure epinephrine were even more surprising.Only 87％ of the liquid was still epinephrine.The other 13％ had transformed④ into poisonous chemicals.
The discovery the students made is a big deal.It suggests that EpiPens might not work in space,and might even become dangerous. That’s important information for astronauts with allergies.It is hoped that the experiment will be repeated a second time to check the results.
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　
According to the title, this passage mainly talks about the future direction of gene development.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The problems of genome editing.
B.The fast development of genome editing.
C.The new possibilities that gene research can bring.
D.The greatest inventions in the history of science.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
Para.2　B.I want to share my excitement about genome editing with you.
Para.3　C.There are some concerns about how to use genome editing appropriately.
Para.4　D.Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives and even determine our lifespan.
Para.5　E.Genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案 Para.1　B　Para.2　D　Para.3　A　Para.4　C Para.5　E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and
fill in the blanks.
possibilities
shaping our lives
disease treatment
prevention
use
appropriately
argument
greatest
inventions
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.According to Para.1,where is the passage taken from
A.Medical advertisement.
B.Medical magazine.
C.Lecture script(演讲稿).
D.Encyclopedia(百科).
√
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Talented people have more genes.
B.Genome needs information to grow.
C.Genome exists only in human cells.
D.Our lifespan is related to our genome.
√
3.What is people’s concern about genome editing
A.It will develop too fast.
B.It might be used improperly.
C.It will make people sensitive.
D.It will ruin people’s intelligence.
√
4.What does the phrase “designer babies” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics.
B.It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories.
C.It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories.
D.It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents.
√
5.What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.
C.Neutral. D.Supportive.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句,主句为　　　 　　　　　　,其中As引导非限制性定语从句,意为　　　　　　　　。
尝试翻译:　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
_________________________________________________________
genes play a critical role
“正如,正像”
在座的很多人可能已经知道,基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。
2.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,creating what some have called “designer babies”.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句。主句为We will also be able to select specific characteristics...,其中before they are born是before引导的　　　　　　　　　　　 从句;creating...“designer babies”为动词－ing形式短语作　　　　状语;what引导　　　　从句。
时间状语
结果
宾语
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
____________________________________________________________
我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征,制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
As we all know, genes control everything in our bodies. A genome is a complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being. Our genome 1.__________ (contain) not only all of the information 2.____________ (need)to make us grow and develop, but also information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3.________________ (contract) certain diseases.
contains
needed
contracting
Genome editing is a way of making changes to the genome, It is believed to be 4.　　　　　　　　 effective means of treating and preventing diseases, so geneticists 5.　　　 　　　 (attempt) to identify which genes relate to which diseases for years. They hope to use this technology to treat a wide range of health problems in the near future.
an
have been attempting
However, with the new technology developing 6.　　　　　　 a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 7.　　 　
(appropriate). It also raises moral questions about 8.　　　　　　 (it) unknown risks. Fortunately, philosophers, geneticists and government officials have taken measures to wrestle with such issues. They believe that genome editing will work to our advantage by putting appropriate controls in place. Despite the public 9.________________ (argue)over the technology, there is no doubt 10.　　　 　 genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
at
appropriately
its
argument(s)
that
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
[原文呈现]　　　The future is in our genes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of① my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome② editing.[1] I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
[1]句中but连接两个并列句,在第二个并列分句中,有as...as引导的比较状语从句。
As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on③ genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell④ or a living being⑤ is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan⑥ and affects⑦ our chances of contracting⑧ certain diseases.Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus⑨or develop a particular form of cancer⑩.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.[2] It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense
of hearing.Ultimately , this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
[2]句中as引导原因状语从句,主句中which genes relate to which diseases是宾语从句。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace , however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus , to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select
specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.[3]However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
[3]句中before引导时间状语从句,creating what some have called “designer babies”是现在分词短语作结果状语,该短语中what引导宾语从句。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt , genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening.
[名师圈点]
①over the course of... 在……过程中
course /k s/ n.[熟词生义] 进展,进程
the course of history 历史进程
②genome / d i n m/ n.基因组,染色体组
genome editing 基因组编辑
③depend on 相信,依靠;取决于
④cell /sel/ n.细胞
⑤being / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
human being n.人
for the time being 目前
⑥lifespan / la fsp n/ n.寿命,有效期
⑦affect / fekt/ vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动
⑧contract /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约) n.合同,合约
[熟词生义] vt.感染(疾病)
⑨virus / va r s/ n.病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒
catch a virus 感染病毒
⑩cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤
identify /a dent fa / vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份
relate /r le t/ vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述
relate to 涉及,与……有关
means /mi nz/ n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
delete /d li t/ vt.删去,删除
restore /r st (r)/ vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最终;根本上
[派生构词] ultimate / lt m t/ (adj.最后的)+-ly(副词后缀)→ultimately(adv.)
abnormal / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的
[派生构词]ab-(前缀,表示“偏离,与其相反”)+normal(adj.正常的)→abnormal(adj.)
weapon / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
fundamental / f nd mentl/ adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的 n.基本规律,根本法则,基础
be fundamental to... 是……的基础
Hard work and persistence are fundamental to success.
努力工作和坚持不懈是成功的基础。
pace /pe s/ n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏 vi.& vt.来回踱步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏
at a fast pace 快速地
arise / ra z/ vi.发生,出现;(由……)引起,(因……)产生
restrict /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
restrict...to... 把……限制在……范围
[派生词 ] restriction /r str k n/ n.限制,约束
prohibit /pr h b t/vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗
resistance to... 对……的抵制
flu /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
characteristic / k r kt r st k/ n.特征,特点 adj.典型的,独特的
[联想]character / k r kt (r)/ n.(书写或印刷)文 字,符号;人物;性格
wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤
wrestle with 努力处理,全力解决
put sth in place 准备就绪
debate /d be t/ vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考 n.讨论,争论,辩论
without doubt毫无疑问,的确
[译文参考]　未来就在我们的基因之中
女士们,先生们,下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中,我见证过许多了不起的科研成果,但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已,并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。
在座的很多人可能已经知道,基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋,一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。基因组还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。比如,有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更容易感染某种病毒,或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分改变基因组。在不久的将来,遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器,将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。
　　然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的应用局限于疾病的治疗和预防 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它来使健康的身体更加强健 不久之后,我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力,也能让人长得更高、肌肉生长得更快,让人体的各种感官更加灵敏或者智商更高。我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征,制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。但这是一件好事吗 会有什么后果 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止这项技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位,以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。没有它们,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
对于基因组编辑这一话题,要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论,但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问,基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen under a microscope, but they are vitally important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA—the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸).In the early 1950s, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways.New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping. Scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective. For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚). An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot.Scientists are trying to treat the defective genes, and have made great achievements. If scientists could know a child has any defective genes beforehand, they might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因的基本概念、功能及其在科学研究中的应用。
1.What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson
A.They discovered why people have different hair colors.
B.They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C.They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D.They worked out the structure of DNA.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森的成就是他们研究出了DNA的结构。故选D。
√
2.Which of the following statements is a fact
A.Genes help determine your height and weight.
B.Genetic engineering is the most important scientific discovery of the last 25 years.
C.It is dangerous to make changes in genes.
D.Supermarkets should not sell genetically engineered food.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,一些基因有助于决定你的身高甚至体重。因此A项“基因帮助决定你的身高和体重”是事实。故选A。
√
3.Which word below can replace the underlined word “defective” in Paragraph 4
A.Faulty. B.Wonderful. C.Perfect. D.Useful.
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知,一个生来就带有这种defective基因的人可能会因为血液无法凝结而发生严重的出血甚至流血致死。结合画线词下文的wrong with和bleed to death可知,此处是指一些基因出现了问题,即defective“有问题的,有缺陷的”,与faulty同义。故选A。
√
4.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Defective genes can never be repaired.
B.Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope.
C.Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics.
D.The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body.
√
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,基因太小,在显微镜下看不见,但它们却极其重要。人体内的每一组基因都包含了构成一个人所需要的所有指令。有些基因决定头发的颜色。有些决定鼻子的形状。一些基因有助于决定你的身高甚至体重。由此可知,文章主要是讲基因帮助科学家了解生物如何发展其特征。故选C。
B
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters.Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma.The goal is that the patient then creates a new,
more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments.In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and
behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday pared to other talk therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate.It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma.This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT.Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort.Some therapists also argue that,because it only addresses current problems and specific issues,it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions.And because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves,it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults.The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种主要针对创伤后应激障碍的长程心理疗法——认知加工疗法,包括其原理、应用、优势及局限性。
5.According to the passage, what is CPT intended to help patients do
A.Learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices.
B.Cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events.
C.Minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life.
D.Focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is... the patient’s current life.”可知,认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创伤性事件的积极看法和理解。故选B项。
√
6.Compared with other talk therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT
A.Its multiple treating assignments.
B.Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C.Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D.Its brain connectivity enhancement.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk therapies,... argued to be more effective than medicine.”可知,认知加工疗法的优势在于它所需时间短,可以增强患者大脑的连通性,所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B.CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C.More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D.CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知,认知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法,并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法;由此可以推出,下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上,研究它的有效性。故选C项。
8.What is the main idea of this passage
A.The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B.An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C.A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D.The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义;第二段讲了它为何如此有效,其原理是什么;第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点;第四段讲了它的应用范围。综合全文可知,文章主要介绍了一种长程心理疗法——认知加工疗法。故选B项。
√
C
There was a time when the word “surgery” used to scare people,and they would try their best to avoid a surgical procedure.The feeling is understandable,as the idea of a large cut on your body is discomforting in many ways.However,thanks to the advances in medical science,surgical techniques have improved considerably.
Compared with the traditional open surgery,minimally invasive surgery(微创手术) has several benefits to offer.Not only is the procedure quick and less painful,but also ensures rapid recovery. Now,surgical procedures,either big or small,are done within a few minutes to a few hours.The best part about the minimally invasive surgery is the painless procedure.The advanced techniques are helping with quality treatments to patients who have to undergo(进行) surgical procedures.
Unlike the traditional open surgery that requires a large cut,a surgeon makes multiple tiny cuts of less than an inch.For the process,the surgeon uses small surgical instruments,such as a tiny tube with a mini camera at one end.Once marking the cuts,the surgeon then passes the tiny tube through one of the cuts.The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.These images give the surgeon a clear picture of the area undergoing the surgery.After the surgery,the surgeon cleans the cuts and sometimes places a bandage for additional support.
Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.In fact,it would not be wrong to say that these surgeries are now the standard surgical procedures for many routine operations.Whether you have a minor issue or want a surgical intervention for a major health condition,it is the best option.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微创手术相比于传统开放手术的优势及其在现代医疗中的广泛应用。
9.What makes people afraid of surgery
A.The large cut.
B.The great risk.
C.The high expense.
D.The slow recovery.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“There was a time when the...in many ways.”可知,大的伤口让人们害怕手术。故选A。
√
10.What can surgeons use as a reference in the surgery
A.The previous treatment plan.
B.The images by the mini camera.
C.The standard surgical procedures.
D.The advice from other surgeons.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.”可知,外科医生在手术中可以使用微型相机拍摄的图像作为参考。故选B。
√
11.Who might benefit most from the minimally invasive surgery
A.Patients in need of additional support.
B.Patients lack of regular checkups.
C.Patients with several medical conditions.
D.Patients scared of surgical instruments.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.”可知,患有多种疾病的病人可能从微创手术中受益最大。故选C。
√
12.What is the author’s attitude towards minimally invasive surgery
A.Disapproving. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“Minimally invasive surgery has become...it is the best option.”可推知,作者对微创手术的态度是支持的。故选D。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for a terrible fever. 　1　 The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provides medication directly for the infected area.
　2　 They are called “nanorobot”(纳米机器人) and engineering teams around the world are working to design robots that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer.
In recent years, researchers have been building nanorobots out of a familiar material—the same stuff that makes human life possible. 　3　 DNA is all around and in you—you just can’t see it. If you were to look inside almost any cell inside any living creature, you would find DNA.
This might sound surprising—especially since these nanorobots don’t need batteries(电池) or any power sources. Instead, they work by using the natural structure of DNA.The nanorobots “crawl”(缓慢行进) on DNA.Sometimes researchers refer to these things as DNA “spiders”.　4　 A nanorobot could, perhaps, destroy just a cancerous cell, for example, but leave healthy cells alone.
　5　 But the future is bright for nanorobots made from DNA.One day, perhaps the machine made from DNA will swim around in the human body, delivering medicine to diseased cells or helping doctors diagnose problems. Or maybe it’ll help build the smallest computers the world has ever seen.
A.These nanorobots are made from DNA.
B.Nanorobots made from DNA aren’t useful yet.
C.This description will give you a simple picture of the legs of a DNA nanorobot.
D.In other words, the DNA nanorobot destroys the track as it goes.
E.Being able to make such a tiny thing move in a certain way might be useful for health.
F.Instead of giving you a pill or a shot, the doctor puts a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
G.In fact, we’re not that far from seeing devices like this actually used in medical procedures.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种正在研究中的纳米机器人的基本原理及其未来在医学领域的应用前景。
1.F　[第一段主要介绍一种新的医疗手段。空前句是说假设你去找医生治疗发烧,空后句叙述这种机器人有检测发烧的原因等医疗功能,F项“医生没有给你一粒药也没有给你打一针, 而是在你的血管里放入一个微型机器人。”介绍这种新的医疗设备,衔接前后文,故F项正确。]
2.G　[第二段承接第一段,阐述这种新的医疗手段并非遥不可及。G项与空后句中的“that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer(它们最终会用于治疗从发烧到癌症等各种疾病)”呼应,空后句中的They指代G项中的复数名词devices,故G项正确。]
3.A　[本段主要讲述纳米机器人的制作,空后提及DNA,A项“这些纳米机器人由DNA制作而成。”符合语境,故A项正确。]
4.E　[本段主要讲述纳米机器人的优点及工作方式。空前内容指出它不需要电池,靠DNA的结构运行。空后句阐述也许它会只杀死癌细胞而不惊动健康细胞。E项“能够让这么微小的东西以某种方式运行可能对健康有好处。”能够衔接上下文,故E项正确。]
5.B　[本段主要讲述用DNA制作而成的纳米机器人的前景。空后句意为“但是由DNA制作而成的纳米机器人的未来是光明的”,B项“由DNA制作而成的纳米机器人还不实用。”与空后句形成转折关系,故B项正确。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地　deoxyribonucleic adj.脱氧核糖核的　
B篇:therapy n.治疗,疗法　modify v.修改,改进　
trauma n.创伤
主题词块 B篇:compare to与(某事物)相比　
C篇:a surgical procedure外科手术　
a cancerous cell癌细胞
熟词生义 B篇:work熟义:v.做体力(或脑力)工作　
生义:v.奏效;产生预期的结果(或作用)
In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.
在一些研究中,它已被证明在药物单独治疗无效时有帮助。
My plan worked, and I got them to agree.
我的计划奏效了,我让他们同意了。
难句剖析 B篇:The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.
[译文]　这样做的目的是让患者对创伤性事件产生一种新的、更积极的看法和理解,从而减少对患者当前生活的持续负面影响。
[分析]　本句是复合句,主句是The goal is ...,其中that引导表语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句。UNIT 3 Fit for life——健康生活
主题语境:人与社会——医学进展,疾病与健康
大观念之单元话题:本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题为“生命健康及医学等领域”,让学生了解生物医学领域的创新研究和发展,认识现代医学对人类健康的影响,除此以外,还要了解针灸的作用、特点以及对医学的贡献,培养学生对生命科学的热爱,重视近视问题,培养传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的意识,坚定文化自信。
①allergic / l d k/ adj.过敏的
②radiation / re di e n/ n.辐射
③sample / sɑ mp( )l/ n.样品
④transform /tr ns f m/ vt.& vi.转换
⑤be exposed to暴露于
类文悦读·情境导学
“救命针”到了太空竟变“毒针” 加拿大一群学生实验发现惊人结果。
Student scientists study EpiPens in space
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery:EpiPens,which help control severe allergic① reactions,might not work in space.
An EpiPen is a shot that puts a medicine called “epinephrine (肾上腺素)” straight into a person’s body with a needle.Epinephrine calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
But students in the Program for Gifted Learners had a question about EpiPens:Would they work in space They knew that on Earth,radiation② from the sun can change the molecules (分子) of the epinephrine in an EpiPen.They wondered if the same thing would happen when epinephrine was exposed to⑤ radiation in space.So they designed an experiment to test their idea.They wanted to send samples③ of the liquid in an EpiPen,as well as pure epinephrine,into space to see if anything changed.
Working with a group called iEDU,which offers a program called Cubes in Space,the students sent two cubes into space—one on a rocket and the other on a balloon.Each cube held a small bottle of pure epinephrine and a small bottle of EpiPen liquid.
After the cubes returned to Earth,the students tested the liquids in the bottles once more.The results suggested that they had discovered something big.The bottles that held the EpiPen liquid now had no epinephrine at all.The results from the bottles of pure epinephrine were even more surprising.Only 87% of the liquid was still epinephrine.The other 13% had transformed④ into poisonous chemicals.
The discovery the students made is a big deal.It suggests that EpiPens might not work in space,and might even become dangerous.That’s important information for astronauts with allergies.It is hoped that the experiment will be repeated a second time to check the results.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit &Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案　According to the title, this passage mainly talks about the future direction of gene development.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The problems of genome editing.
B.The fast development of genome editing.
C.The new possibilities that gene research can bring.
D.The greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案　C
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
Para.2　B.I want to share my excitement about genome editing with you.
Para.3　C.There are some concerns about how to use genome editing appropriately.
Para.4　D.Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives and even determine our lifespan.
Para.5　E.Genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案　Para.1　B　Para.2　D　Para.3　A Para.4　C　Para.5　E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.According to Para.1,where is the passage taken from
A.Medical advertisement. B.Medical magazine.
C.Lecture script(演讲稿). D.Encyclopedia(百科).
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Talented people have more genes. B.Genome needs information to grow.
C.Genome exists only in human cells. D.Our lifespan is related to our genome.
3.What is people’s concern about genome editing
A.It will develop too fast. B.It might be used improperly.
C.It will make people sensitive. D.It will ruin people’s intelligence.
4.What does the phrase “designer babies” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics.
B.It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories.
C.It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories.
D.It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents.
5.What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.
C.Neutral. D.Supportive.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.B　4.A　5.D
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句,主句为genes play a critical role,其中As引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”。
尝试翻译:在座的很多人可能已经知道,基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。
2.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,creating what some have called “designer babies”.
学会断句:此句为主从复合句。主句为We will also be able to select specific characteristics...,其中before they are born是before引导的时间状语从句;creating...“designer babies”为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语;what引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译:我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征,制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
As we all know, genes control everything in our bodies. A genome is a complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being. Our genome 1.contains (contain) not only all of the information 2.needed (need)to make us grow and develop, but also information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3.contracting (contract) certain diseases.
Genome editing is a way of making changes to the genome, It is believed to be 4.an effective means of treating and preventing diseases, so geneticists 5.have been attempting (attempt) to identify which genes relate to which diseases for years. They hope to use this technology to treat a wide range of health problems in the near future.
However, with the new technology developing 6.at a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 7. appropriately (appropriate).It also raises moral questions about 8.its (it) unknown risks. Fortunately, philosophers, geneticists and government officials have taken measures to wrestle with such issues. They believe that genome editing will work to our advantage by putting appropriate controls in place. Despite the public 9.argument(s) (argue)over the technology, there is no doubt 10.that genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
[原文呈现]　　　The future is in our genes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of① my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome② editing.[1] I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
[1]句中but连接两个并列句,在第二个并列分句中,有as...as引导的比较状语从句。
As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on③ genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell④ or a living being⑤ is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan⑥ and affects⑦ our chances of contracting⑧ certain diseases.Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus⑨or develop a particular form of cancer⑩.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.[2] It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately , this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
[2]句中as引导原因状语从句,主句中which genes relate to which diseases是宾语从句。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace , however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.[3]However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
[3]句中before引导时间状语从句,creating what some have called “designer babies”是现在分词短语作结果状语,该短语中what引导宾语从句。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening.
[名师圈点]
①over the course of... 在……过程中
course /k s/ n.[熟词生义] 进展,进程
the course of history 历史进程
②genome / d i n m/ n.基因组,染色体组
genome editing 基因组编辑
③depend on 相信,依靠;取决于
④cell /sel/ n.细胞
⑤being / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
human being n.人
for the time being 目前
⑥lifespan / la fsp n/ n.寿命,有效期
⑦affect / fekt/ vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动
⑧contract /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约) n.合同,合约
[熟词生义] vt.感染(疾病)
⑨virus / va r s/ n.病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒
catch a virus 感染病毒
⑩cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤
identify /a dent fa / vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份
relate /r le t/ vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述
relate to 涉及,与……有关
means /mi nz/ n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
delete /d li t/ vt.删去,删除
restore /r st (r)/ vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最终;根本上
[派生构词] ultimate / lt m t/ (adj.最后的)+-ly(副词后缀)→ultimately(adv.)
abnormal / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的
[派生构词]ab-(前缀,表示“偏离,与其相反”)+normal(adj.正常的)→abnormal(adj.)
weapon / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
fundamental / f nd mentl/ adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的 n.基本规律,根本法则,基础
be fundamental to... 是……的基础
Hard work and persistence are fundamental to success.
努力工作和坚持不懈是成功的基础。
pace /pe s/ n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏 vi.& vt.来回踱步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏
at a fast pace 快速地
arise / ra z/ vi.发生,出现;(由……)引起,(因……)产生
restrict /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
restrict...to... 把……限制在……范围
[派生词 ] restriction /r str k n/ n.限制,约束
prohibit /pr h b t/vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗
resistance to... 对……的抵制
flu /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
characteristic / k r kt r st k/ n.特征,特点 adj.典型的,独特的
[联想]character / k r kt (r)/ n.(书写或印刷)文 字,符号;人物;性格
wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤
wrestle with 努力处理,全力解决
put sth in place 准备就绪
debate /d be t/ vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考 n.讨论,争论,辩论
without doubt毫无疑问,的确
[译文参考]　 未来就在我们的基因之中
女士们,先生们,下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中,我见证过许多了不起的科研成果,但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已,并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。
在座的很多人可能已经知道,基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋,一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。基因组还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。比如,有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更容易感染某种病毒,或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分改变基因组。在不久的将来,遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器,将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。
　　然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的应用局限于疾病的治疗和预防 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它来使健康的身体更加强健 不久之后,我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力,也能让人长得更高、肌肉生长得更快,让人体的各种感官更加灵敏或者智商更高。我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征,制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。但这是一件好事吗 会有什么后果 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止这项技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位,以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。没有它们,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
对于基因组编辑这一话题,要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论,但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问,基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
A
Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen under a microscope, but they are vitally important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA—the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸).In the early 1950s, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways.New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping. Scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective. For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚). An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot.Scientists are trying to treat the defective genes, and have made great achievements. If scientists could know a child has any defective genes beforehand, they might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因的基本概念、功能及其在科学研究中的应用。
1.What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson
A.They discovered why people have different hair colors.
B.They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C.They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D.They worked out the structure of DNA.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知,弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森的成就是他们研究出了DNA的结构。故选D。]
2.Which of the following statements is a fact
A.Genes help determine your height and weight.
B.Genetic engineering is the most important scientific discovery of the last 25 years.
C.It is dangerous to make changes in genes.
D.Supermarkets should not sell genetically engineered food.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,一些基因有助于决定你的身高甚至体重。因此A项“基因帮助决定你的身高和体重”是事实。故选A。]
3.Which word below can replace the underlined word “defective” in Paragraph 4
A.Faulty. B.Wonderful.
C.Perfect. D.Useful.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知,一个生来就带有这种defective基因的人可能会因为血液无法凝结而发生严重的出血甚至流血致死。结合画线词下文的wrong with和bleed to death可知,此处是指一些基因出现了问题,即defective“有问题的,有缺陷的”,与faulty同义。故选A。]
4.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Defective genes can never be repaired.
B.Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope.
C.Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics.
D.The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body.
答案　C　[主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,基因太小,在显微镜下看不见,但它们却极其重要。人体内的每一组基因都包含了构成一个人所需要的所有指令。有些基因决定头发的颜色。有些决定鼻子的形状。一些基因有助于决定你的身高甚至体重。由此可知,文章主要是讲基因帮助科学家了解生物如何发展其特征。故选C。]
B
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters.Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma.The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments.In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday pared to other talk therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate.It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma.This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT.Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties.Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort.Some therapists also argue that,because it only addresses current problems and specific issues,it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions.And because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves,it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults.The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种主要针对创伤后应激障碍的长程心理疗法——认知加工疗法,包括其原理、应用、优势及局限性。
5.According to the passage, what is CPT intended to help patients do
A.Learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices.
B.Cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events.
C.Minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life.
D.Focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is... the patient’s current life.”可知,认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创伤性事件的积极看法和理解。故选B项。]
6.Compared with other talk therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT
A.Its multiple treating assignments.
B.Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C.Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D.Its brain connectivity enhancement.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk therapies,... argued to be more effective than medicine.”可知,认知加工疗法的优势在于它所需时间短,可以增强患者大脑的连通性,所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。]
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B.CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C.More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D.CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知,认知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法,并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法;由此可以推出,下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上,研究它的有效性。故选C项。]
8.What is the main idea of this passage
A.The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B.An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C.A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D.The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义;第二段讲了它为何如此有效,其原理是什么;第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点;第四段讲了它的应用范围。综合全文可知,文章主要介绍了一种长程心理疗法——认知加工疗法。故选B项。]
C
There was a time when the word “surgery” used to scare people,and they would try their best to avoid a surgical procedure.The feeling is understandable,as the idea of a large cut on your body is discomforting in many ways.However,thanks to the advances in medical science,surgical techniques have improved considerably.
Compared with the traditional open surgery,minimally invasive surgery(微创手术) has several benefits to offer.Not only is the procedure quick and less painful,but also ensures rapid recovery.Now,surgical procedures,either big or small,are done within a few minutes to a few hours.The best part about the minimally invasive surgery is the painless procedure.The advanced techniques are helping with quality treatments to patients who have to undergo(进行) surgical procedures.
Unlike the traditional open surgery that requires a large cut,a surgeon makes multiple tiny cuts of less than an inch.For the process,the surgeon uses small surgical instruments,such as a tiny tube with a mini camera at one end.Once marking the cuts,the surgeon then passes the tiny tube through one of the cuts.The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.These images give the surgeon a clear picture of the area undergoing the surgery.After the surgery,the surgeon cleans the cuts and sometimes places a bandage for additional support.
Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.In fact,it would not be wrong to say that these surgeries are now the standard surgical procedures for many routine operations.Whether you have a minor issue or want a surgical intervention for a major health condition,it is the best option.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微创手术相比于传统开放手术的优势及其在现代医疗中的广泛应用。
9.What makes people afraid of surgery
A.The large cut. B.The great risk.
C.The high expense. D.The slow recovery.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“There was a time when the...in many ways.”可知,大的伤口让人们害怕手术。故选A。]
10.What can surgeons use as a reference in the surgery
A.The previous treatment plan.
B.The images by the mini camera.
C.The standard surgical procedures.
D.The advice from other surgeons.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.”可知,外科医生在手术中可以使用微型相机拍摄的图像作为参考。故选B。]
11.Who might benefit most from the minimally invasive surgery
A.Patients in need of additional support.
B.Patients lack of regular checkups.
C.Patients with several medical conditions.
D.Patients scared of surgical instruments.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.”可知,患有多种疾病的病人可能从微创手术中受益最大。故选C。]
12.What is the author’s attitude towards minimally invasive surgery
A.Disapproving. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“Minimally invasive surgery has become...it is the best option.”可推知,作者对微创手术的态度是支持的。故选D。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for a terrible fever. 　1　 The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provides medication directly for the infected area.
　2　 They are called “nanorobot”(纳米机器人) and engineering teams around the world are working to design robots that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer.
In recent years, researchers have been building nanorobots out of a familiar material—the same stuff that makes human life possible. 　3　 DNA is all around and in you—you just can’t see it. If you were to look inside almost any cell inside any living creature, you would find DNA.
This might sound surprising—especially since these nanorobots don’t need batteries(电池) or any power sources. Instead, they work by using the natural structure of DNA.The nanorobots “crawl”(缓慢行进) on DNA.Sometimes researchers refer to these things as DNA “spiders”.　4　 A nanorobot could, perhaps, destroy just a cancerous cell, for example, but leave healthy cells alone.
　5　 But the future is bright for nanorobots made from DNA.One day, perhaps the machine made from DNA will swim around in the human body, delivering medicine to diseased cells or helping doctors diagnose problems. Or maybe it’ll help build the smallest computers the world has ever seen.
A.These nanorobots are made from DNA.
B.Nanorobots made from DNA aren’t useful yet.
C.This description will give you a simple picture of the legs of a DNA nanorobot.
D.In other words, the DNA nanorobot destroys the track as it goes.
E.Being able to make such a tiny thing move in a certain way might be useful for health.
F.Instead of giving you a pill or a shot, the doctor puts a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
G.In fact, we’re not that far from seeing devices like this actually used in medical procedures.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种正在研究中的纳米机器人的基本原理及其未来在医学领域的应用前景。
1.F　[第一段主要介绍一种新的医疗手段。空前句是说假设你去找医生治疗发烧,空后句叙述这种机器人有检测发烧的原因等医疗功能,F项“医生没有给你一粒药也没有给你打一针, 而是在你的血管里放入一个微型机器人。”介绍这种新的医疗设备,衔接前后文,故F项正确。]
2.G　[第二段承接第一段,阐述这种新的医疗手段并非遥不可及。G项与空后句中的“that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer(它们最终会用于治疗从发烧到癌症等各种疾病)”呼应,空后句中的They指代G项中的复数名词devices,故G项正确。]
3.A　[本段主要讲述纳米机器人的制作,空后提及DNA,A项“这些纳米机器人由DNA制作而成。”符合语境,故A项正确。]
4.E　[本段主要讲述纳米机器人的优点及工作方式。空前内容指出它不需要电池,靠DNA的结构运行。空后句阐述也许它会只杀死癌细胞而不惊动健康细胞。E项“能够让这么微小的东西以某种方式运行可能对健康有好处。”能够衔接上下文,故E项正确。]
5.B　[本段主要讲述用DNA制作而成的纳米机器人的前景。空后句意为“但是由DNA制作而成的纳米机器人的未来是光明的”,B项“由DNA制作而成的纳米机器人还不实用。”与空后句形成转折关系,故B项正确。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地　deoxyribonucleic adj.脱氧核糖核的　B篇:therapy n.治疗,疗法　modify v.修改,改进　trauma n.创伤
主题词块 B篇:compare to与(某事物)相比　C篇:a surgical procedure外科手术　a cancerous cell癌细胞
熟词生义 B篇:work熟义:v.做体力(或脑力)工作　生义:v.奏效;产生预期的结果(或作用) In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. 在一些研究中,它已被证明在药物单独治疗无效时有帮助。 My plan worked, and I got them to agree. 我的计划奏效了,我让他们同意了。
难句剖析 B篇:The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. [译文]　这样做的目的是让患者对创伤性事件产生一种新的、更积极的看法和理解,从而减少对患者当前生活的持续负面影响。 [分析]　本句是复合句,主句是The goal is ...,其中that引导表语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句。

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