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Section Ⅲ 　Learning About Language
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——复习名词性从句
在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句四类。
一、主语从句
[先感知]
①That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.(译林选必三U2)
哈勃望远镜位于太空中,这使它比地面望远镜看得更远,也使科学家能够更多地了解宇宙。
②It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration...
显而易见,望远镜是太空探索的重要工具……
③Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising.(译林选必三U2)
其他星球上是否存在生命还有待证实,但这些迹象很有希望。
④Ma Xu is a famous paratrooper.What impress me most are her courage, skill and determination.(外研选必三U1)
马旭是一位著名的伞兵。给我印象最深的是她的勇气、技巧和决心。
⑤How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture remains an important goal for him.
学会如何欣赏中国文化对他来说仍然是一个重要目标。
[会发现]
句①中的That引导　　　　　　, 不可省略, 在从句中不作任何成分;句②中的It作　　　　　　　　　,把that引导的主语从句后置;句③中的　　　　　引导主语从句, 在从句中不作任何成分。句④中的What引导主语从句, 在从句中作　　　　　;句⑤中的How引导主语从句, 在从句中作　　　　　　。
主语从句
形式主语
Whether
主语
状语
[明规则]
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有意义,但不可省略。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,把that引导的主语从句后置,that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种:
①It+be+形容词(necessary、important、certain、clear等)+that从句
②It+be+名词短语(a pity、a shame、a fact、an honour等)+that从句
③It+be+过去分词(said、told、heard、reported等)+that从句
④It+特殊动词或短语(seem、appear、turn out、occur to等)+that从句
2.whether引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。
主语从句位于主句谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、whoever、whomever、whatever等)和连接副词(when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however等)。
连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义,且不可省略。
小题集训　补全句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 doesn’t matter as long as we try our best.
只要我们尽了最大努力,能否赢得比赛并不重要。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that most students feel nervous like you.
你应记住的是大部分学生像你一样感到紧张。
Whether we can win the contest or not
What you should keep in mind
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 makes no difference.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the Asian Winter Games held in Harbin made all of us proud.
中国在哈尔滨亚洲冬季运动会上荣获32枚金牌,这让我们很自豪。
Where we shall have the meeting
That China won 32 gold medals
二、宾语从句
[先感知]
①Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.(外研选必四U5)
研究也表明,那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。
②I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
(北师大选必二U5)
我觉得很奇怪的是我的老师不能向我表示什么是爱。
③I don’t know whether/if the report is true.
我不知道这篇报道是否属实。
④As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署下名字,同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
⑤A modern city has been set up in what was once a wasteland.
一座现代化的城市已经在曾是废墟的地方建起来了。
[会发现]
句①中的that引导　　　　　　　　　从句,在句中不作成分;句②中的it作　　　　　　　　,将真正的宾语从句后置;句③中,引导宾语从句的　　　　　和　　　　　　可以互换;句④中的连接副词how引导宾语从句,并在从句中作　　　　　　;句⑤中的连接代词what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作　　　　　　。
宾语
形式宾语
whether
if
状语
主语
[明规则]
1.that引导的宾语从句
(1)that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,也没有意义,在口语中一般可以省略。
动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
(2)it作形式宾语
①find/consider/think/feel/believe/make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句
②enjoy/love/like/hate/appreciate/see to/insist on/depend on/rely on+it+宾语从句
2.whether与if引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。一般情况下whether和if可以互换,但在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if:
(1)宾语从句中与or not连用时,只能用whether;
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义,且不可省略。
小题集训　单句语法填空
①She learned 　　　　　　with a little creativity and observation, any challenge could be overcome.(2024·浙江1月卷)
②Please let me know 　　　　　　or not the time is suitable for you.
③Every citizen received a letter of thanks from the government for
　　　　　　they had done during the festival.
④I quite understand 　　　　　　you feel because I once went through the same experience.
⑤I believe you have done your best and 　　　　　　things will improve.
that
whether
what
how
that
三、同位语从句
[先感知]
①At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say.(教材原句)
刚开始,谢蕾不知道她该说些什么。
②I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.(译林选必三U4)
我想计划我的旅行,但我不知道寺庙什么时候开放。
③We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.(译林选必三U4)
毫无疑问,联合国教科文组织正在努力保护这些遗产。
④They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
(译林选必三U4)
他们无法阻止大坝的修建,也不知道寺庙能否从上涨的洪水中获救。
[会发现]
句①中的what引导同位语从句,并在从句中作　　　　　　　;句②中的when引导同位语从句,并在从句中作　　　　　　　　;句③中的that引导　　　　　　　　从句,无词义;不可省略;句④中的whether引导　　　　　　从句,不能用if替换。
宾语
状语
同位语
同位语
[明规则]　同位语从句一般放在fact、news、idea、truth、hope、problem、information、belief、thought、doubt、promise、question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,或说明前面名词的具体含义。同位语从句通常由that引导,也可由whether引导,或由连接代词(what、which、who、whose等)和连接副词(when、where、why、how等)引导。
小题集训　单句语法填空
①I have no idea 　　　　　　he lives.
②The question 　　　　　should do the job requires consideration.
③There is no doubt 　　　　　　keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English.
④We hold the firm belief 　　　　　　　visitors can learn more about traditional Chinese culture through the activity.
where
who
that
that
四、表语从句
[先感知]
①His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.(译林选必三U3)
他父亲的梦想是,有一天他能写出一部记录历史的巨著。
②His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.(译林选必三U3)
他最关心的是他能否更有效地完成他的工作。
③This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This is what makes them so special.(外研选必三U2)
我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
④A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.(外研选必三U2)
他通常在一家简单的餐馆里吃同样的一餐:香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
[会发现]
句①中的that引导　　　　　从句,不能省略;句②中的whether引导表语从句,意为“　　　　”;句③中的连接代词what引导　　　　　　从句,在句中分别作　　　　　　和　　　　　　;句④中的连接副词where引导表语从句,在句中作　　　　　　。
[明规则]　具体用法讲解见Unit 1
表语
是否
表语
宾语
主语
状语
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.—I wonder 　　　　　　　　Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
2.The exhibition tells us 　　　　　　　　we should do something to stop air pollution.
3.—Is there any particular soup you would like to have
—　　　　　　　　 you select is all right with me.
how
that
Whichever
4.Only when you go to the city in person will you realize ___________
diverse its culture is.
5.Up to now,I haven’t got any idea 　　　　　　　　we should go on with the project.
6.From space,the earth looks blue.This is 　　　　　　　　about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
7.It’s good to know 　　　　　　　　the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
how
whether
because
that
8.The bride and bridegroom gave 　　　　　　　　attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
9.Sorry,I’m late,but you cannot imagine 　　　　　　　　great trouble I took to find your house.
10.The problem is 　　　　　　　　we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
whoever
what
how
维度二　语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1. is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking.
最让我高兴的是,他们的艺术才华令人惊叹。
2.From what has been discussed above,we may draw the conclusion
.
通过上面的讨论,我们可以得出结论:如果你想实现目标,就一定要自信。
What pleases me most
that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal
3. I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.
非常遗憾,我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。
4. was that he didn’t give up fighting for his nation even when he was wronged by some.
即使被一些人冤枉,岳飞仍然为自己的民族而战,这是他最值得人们敬佩的地方。
It’s a great pity that
What made Yue Fei most respectable
5.That is during the May Day holiday.
这就是为什么我在五一假期学会了做饭。
6.I think the picture is telling us .
我认为这幅图是在告诉我们通常梦想和现实之间是有区别的。
why I learned how to cook
that there is usually a difference
between one’s dream and reality
维度三　语段翻译(每小题2分,共10分)
尽可能地运用名词性从句翻译下面语段
1. (我正在大学里学的是英国文学). 2. (我最大的问题是) I can’t understand the cultural background of many English novels.So 3. (我是否应该出国留学) has become what I’m concerned about.
What I am learning at university is English literature
My biggest problem is that
whether I should go abroad to study
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (很明显) the first practical question is 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我能否负担得起学费).I turned to my teacher and his suggestion was that I should get a loan to study abroad.
It is very clear that
whether I can afford the tuition fees
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,用适当的连接词填空
1.　　　　　　 worries Mary a lot these days is 2.___________ she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.　　　　　　　　 she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also,with the college entrance examination approaching,she becomes more stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.　　　　　　　　 she becomes fatter these days.She is always
What
that
whether
why
thinking about 5.　　　　　　　　 she can become slimmer and healthier.It is her parents’ suggestion 6.　　　　　　　　 she should consult Doctor Zhang,who suggests 7.　　　　　　 she should keep a balanced diet first.Mary asked Doctor Zhang 8.　　　　　　　　 she should take exercise.Doctor Zhang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.That is 9.　　　　　　　 she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Doctor Zhang 10.____________ Mary has become much healthier now.
whether
that
that
when
because
that
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
By tradition,on Chinese New Year,you’re supposed to put on new clothes,from inner to outer ones.If they’re the lucky red,all the better.You can never have too much luck.
But when you turn a multiple of 12,24,36,48,60 and so on—the tradition gets extended:Red underwear every day of that lunar calendar year.When I first heard about the practice a few years ago,I considered it nonsense.It also seemed ridiculous to buy so many pairs in a color vivid under light clothes.My practical immigrant Chinese parents,an engineer and scientist,didn’t pass this tradition down. Adding another superstition (迷信) also seemed like a thing I could do without.But as I approach my fourth time around the wheel for the “Year of the Dragon”—in what’s known as “ben ming nian” or the threshold year—I’ve been reflecting upon the milestones of those past intervals:puberty at age 12,moving across the country for a job at 24 and giving birth to my twin sons at 36.
The more I’ve looked into the practice,the more I realize the significance of its popularity.As an American-born Chinese,I have always adopted and adapted what comes from my birthplace. Logically,I know it won’t matter if I wear red or not,but for me,for now,this shared tradition strengthens my bond with my culture.
So often,life goes by so quickly before we could realize.Days become weeks,months,years and suddenly a dozen years go by.My newborns have grown into tweens and I’ve transformed from not quite middle-aged to now very much so.With the turn of the Chinese New Year,I value a chance to reflect on my past struggles and how I found a way through.
It’s a mindset we could all benefit from.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。
1.What is the tradition on Chinese New Year
A.Wearing lucky red clothes all year round.
B.Putting on new clothes from head to toe.
C.Never having too many lucky clothes.
D.Extending the superstition at a multiple of 12.
解析　细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“By tradition,on Chinese New Year,you’re supposed to put on new clothes,from inner to outer ones.”可知,中国农历新年的传统是从头到脚穿上新衣服。故选B。
√
2.Why did the author mention her parents
A.To prove it is ridiculous to wear red clothes.
B.To honor her practical immigrant parents.
C.To blame her parents for not passing the tradition down.
D.To justify her not following the extended tradition.
解析　写作目的题。文章第二段讲到“When I first heard about the...pass this tradition down.”可知,当作者第一次听说这种做法时,认为这是无稽之谈。她的父母没有把这一传统传下来。作者提到她的父母是为她不遵循传统辩解。故选D。
√
3.What finally changed the author’s attitude to the practice
A.Her approaching the age of 48.
B.Its connection with her culture.
C.Her illogical thinking patterns.
D.Its popularity among immigrants.
解析　细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“As an American-born Chinese, I have always...my bond with my culture.”可知,从逻辑上讲,作者知道是否穿红色并不重要,但对她来说,这种共同的传统加强了她与她的文化的联系。作者最终改变了对习俗的态度是因为这个习俗与她的文化有关。故选B。
√
4.What might the author do at her fourth time around the wheel
A.Reflect on her way through.
B.Develop a new beneficial mindset.
C.Buy underwear in the vivid red.
D.Realize time going by quickly.
解析　推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知作者对于本命年穿红色内衣的态度改变了,开始接纳这一传统。因此在她即将到达第四个本命年的时候,她可能会买红色内衣来穿。故选C。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
In Nanchang,an opera professor turns a classroom into performance stages.An optional college course named “Appreciation of the Jiangxi Opera” 1.　　　　　　 (teach) in a packed house recently at Nanchang University due to the professor’s 2.__________ (innovate) way of teaching.
Waving water sleeves,and spinning folding fans while wearing traditional makeup and costumes,Chen Li,the 3._______________ (instruct) of this course,displays the charm of Jiangxi Opera in front of the students.They recorded the performances and posted the video clips of the class on social media platforms,4.　　　　　　 (receive) millions of views and likes from netizens.
Professor Chen is also 5.　　　　　　 inheritor (继承人) of Jiangxi opera,one of the national intangible cultural heritages.The course she teaches has been open for many years,mainly introducing the history,tunes and performance characteristics of Jiangxi Opera.
6.　　　　　　 remains unknown to all is that this course,which is full of people now,was originally rarely attended.
Chen devotes more attention to her students’ interactive experience 7.　　　　　　 (engage) students’ interest.“I invite my students to experience the whole process of the performance by
8.　　　　　　 (they) and then they appreciate it gradually.” Chen added.
Although 9.　　　　　　 (face) with the unexpected fame,Chen was satisfied but also realized that a greater responsibility now rested 10.　　　　　　 her shoulders.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了近日,南昌大学开设了一门名为“赣剧艺术鉴赏课”的大学选修课,由于教授创新的教学方式,这门课座无虚席。
1.has been taught　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:近日,南昌大学开设了一门名为“赣剧艺术鉴赏课”的大学选修课,由于教授创新的教学方式,这门课座无虚席。主语An optional college course为单数形式,且与谓语动词teach构成被动关系,根据recently可知时态用现在完成时。故填has been taught。]
2.innovative　[考查词性转换。修饰名词way应用形容词innovative,作定语。故填innovative。]
3.instructor　[考查词性转换。句意:这门课的讲师陈俐身着传统服饰,摇着水袖,纺着折扇,在学生面前展示着赣剧的魅力。表示“讲师”应用名词instructor。故填instructor。]
4.receiving　[考查非谓语动词。句意:他们录制了这些表演,并将视频片段发布在社交媒体平台上,获得了数百万网民的观看和点赞。此处receive与上文构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填receiving。]
5.an　[考查冠词。句意:陈教授还是国家级非物质文化遗产赣剧的传承人。此处inheritor为泛指,且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。]
6.What　[考查名词性从句。句意:大家都不知道的是,这个现在座无虚席的课程,原来很少有人参加。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,应用what引导从句。故填What。]
7.to engage　[考查非谓语动词。句意:陈老师更注重学生的互动体验,以激发学生的兴趣。此处engage在句中作目的状语,应用不定式形式。故填to engage。]
8.themselves　[考查代词。句意:“我邀请我的学生亲自体验表演的全过程,然后他们逐渐欣赏它。”陈补充说。短语by oneself表示“亲自”。故填themselves。]
9.faced　[考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然面对意想不到的名声,陈很满意,但也意识到现在更大的责任落在了她的肩上。短语be faced with表示“面对”,作状语时,去掉be动词,使用过去分词形式作状语。故填faced。]
10.on　[考查介词。此处表示“责任落到肩上”用短语rest on。故填on。]Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language
Grammar——复习名词性从句
在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句四类。
一、主语从句
[先感知]
①That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.(译林选必三U2)
哈勃望远镜位于太空中,这使它比地面望远镜看得更远,也使科学家能够更多地了解宇宙。
②It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration...
显而易见,望远镜是太空探索的重要工具……
③Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising.(译林选必三U2)
其他星球上是否存在生命还有待证实,但这些迹象很有希望。
④Ma Xu is a famous paratrooper.What impress me most are her courage, skill and determination.(外研选必三U1)
马旭是一位著名的伞兵。给我印象最深的是她的勇气、技巧和决心。
⑤How he can learn to appreciate Chinese culture remains an important goal for him.
学会如何欣赏中国文化对他来说仍然是一个重要目标。
[会发现]
句①中的That引导主语从句, 不可省略, 在从句中不作任何成分;句②中的It作形式主语,把that引导的主语从句后置;句③中的Whether引导主语从句, 在从句中不作任何成分。句④中的What引导主语从句, 在从句中作主语;句⑤中的How引导主语从句, 在从句中作状语。
[明规则]
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有意义,但不可省略。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,把that引导的主语从句后置,that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种:
①It+be+形容词(necessary、important、certain、clear等)+that从句
②It+be+名词短语(a pity、a shame、a fact、an honour等)+that从句
③It+be+过去分词(said、told、heard、reported等)+that从句
④It+特殊动词或短语(seem、appear、turn out、occur to等)+that从句
2.whether引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。
主语从句位于主句谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、whoever、whomever、whatever等)和连接副词(when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however等)。
连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义,且不可省略。
小题集训　补全句子
①Whether we can win the contest or not doesn’t matter as long as we try our best.
只要我们尽了最大努力,能否赢得比赛并不重要。
②What you should keep in mind is that most students feel nervous like you.
你应记住的是大部分学生像你一样感到紧张。
③Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
④That China won 32 gold medals in the Asian Winter Games held in Harbin made all of us proud.
中国在哈尔滨亚洲冬季运动会上荣获32枚金牌,这让我们很自豪。
二、宾语从句
[先感知]
①Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.(外研选必四U5)
研究也表明,那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。
②I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(北师大选必二U5)
我觉得很奇怪的是我的老师不能向我表示什么是爱。
③I don’t know whether/if the report is true.
我不知道这篇报道是否属实。
④As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署下名字,同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
⑤A modern city has been set up in what was once a wasteland.
一座现代化的城市已经在曾是废墟的地方建起来了。
[会发现]
句①中的that引导宾语从句,在句中不作成分;句②中的it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语从句后置;句③中,引导宾语从句的whether和if可以互换;句④中的连接副词how引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语;句⑤中的连接代词what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语。
[明规则]
1.that引导的宾语从句
(1)that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,也没有意义,在口语中一般可以省略。
动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
(2)it作形式宾语
①find/consider/think/feel/believe/make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句
②enjoy/love/like/hate/appreciate/see to/insist on/depend on/rely on+it+宾语从句
2.whether与if引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。一般情况下whether和if可以互换,但在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if:
(1)宾语从句中与or not连用时,只能用whether;
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义,且不可省略。
小题集训　单句语法填空
①She learned that with a little creativity and observation, any challenge could be overcome.(2024·浙江1月卷)
②Please let me know whether or not the time is suitable for you.
③Every citizen received a letter of thanks from the government for what they had done during the festival.
④I quite understand how you feel because I once went through the same experience.
⑤I believe you have done your best and that things will improve.
三、同位语从句
[先感知]
①At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say.(教材原句)
刚开始,谢蕾不知道她该说些什么。
②I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.(译林选必三U4)
我想计划我的旅行,但我不知道寺庙什么时候开放。
③We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.(译林选必三U4)
毫无疑问,联合国教科文组织正在努力保护这些遗产。
④They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.(译林选必三U4)
他们无法阻止大坝的修建,也不知道寺庙能否从上涨的洪水中获救。
[会发现]
句①中的what引导同位语从句,并在从句中作宾语;句②中的when引导同位语从句,并在从句中作状语;句③中的that引导同位语从句,无词义;不可省略;句④中的whether引导同位语从句,不能用if替换。
[明规则]　同位语从句一般放在fact、news、idea、truth、hope、problem、information、belief、thought、doubt、promise、question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,或说明前面名词的具体含义。同位语从句通常由that引导,也可由whether引导,或由连接代词(what、which、who、whose等)和连接副词(when、where、why、how等)引导。
小题集训　单句语法填空
①I have no idea where he lives.
②The question who should do the job requires consideration.
③There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English.
④We hold the firm belief that visitors can learn more about traditional Chinese culture through the activity.
四、表语从句
[先感知]
①His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.(译林选必三U3)
他父亲的梦想是,有一天他能写出一部记录历史的巨著。
②His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.(译林选必三U3)
他最关心的是他能否更有效地完成他的工作。
③This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This is what makes them so special.(外研选必三U2)
我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
④A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.(外研选必三U2)
他通常在一家简单的餐馆里吃同样的一餐:香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
[会发现]
句①中的that引导表语从句,不能省略;句②中的whether引导表语从句,意为“是否”;句③中的连接代词what引导表语从句,在句中分别作宾语和主语;句④中的连接副词where引导表语从句,在句中作状语。
[明规则]　具体用法讲解见Unit 1
[基础语境练]
维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
2.The exhibition tells us that we should do something to stop air pollution.
3.—Is there any particular soup you would like to have
—Whichever you select is all right with me.
4.Only when you go to the city in person will you realize how diverse its culture is.
5.Up to now,I haven’t got any idea whether we should go on with the project.
6.From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
7.It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
8.The bride and bridegroom gave whoever attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
9.Sorry,I’m late,but you cannot imagine what great trouble I took to find your house.
10.The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
维度二　语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.What pleases me most is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking.
最让我高兴的是,他们的艺术才华令人惊叹。
2.From what has been discussed above,we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.
通过上面的讨论,我们可以得出结论:如果你想实现目标,就一定要自信。
3. It’s a great pity that I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.
非常遗憾,我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。
4. What made Yue Fei most respectable was that he didn’t give up fighting for his nation even when he was wronged by some.
即使被一些人冤枉,岳飞仍然为自己的民族而战,这是他最值得人们敬佩的地方。
5.That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.
这就是为什么我在五一假期学会了做饭。
6.I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.
我认为这幅图是在告诉我们通常梦想和现实之间是有区别的。
维度三　语段翻译(每小题2分,共10分)
尽可能地运用名词性从句翻译下面语段
1.What I am learning at university is English literature (我正在大学里学的是英国文学).2.My biggest problem is that (我最大的问题是) I can’t understand the cultural background of many English novels.So 3.whether I should go abroad to study (我是否应该出国留学) has become what I’m concerned about.4.It is very clear that (很明显) the first practical question is 5.whether I can afford the tuition fees (我能否负担得起学费).I turned to my teacher and his suggestion was that I should get a loan to study abroad.
维度四　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,用适当的连接词填空
1.What worries Mary a lot these days is 2.that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also,with the college entrance examination approaching,she becomes more stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.why she becomes fatter these days.She is always thinking about 5.whether she can become slimmer and healthier.It is her parents’ suggestion 6.that she should consult Doctor Zhang,who suggests 7.that she should keep a balanced diet first.Mary asked Doctor Zhang 8.when she should take exercise.Doctor Zhang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.That is 9.because she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Doctor Zhang 10.that Mary has become much healthier now.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
By tradition,on Chinese New Year,you’re supposed to put on new clothes,from inner to outer ones.If they’re the lucky red,all the better.You can never have too much luck.
But when you turn a multiple of 12,24,36,48,60 and so on—the tradition gets extended:Red underwear every day of that lunar calendar year.When I first heard about the practice a few years ago,I considered it nonsense.It also seemed ridiculous to buy so many pairs in a color vivid under light clothes.My practical immigrant Chinese parents,an engineer and scientist,didn’t pass this tradition down.Adding another superstition (迷信) also seemed like a thing I could do without.But as I approach my fourth time around the wheel for the “Year of the Dragon”—in what’s known as “ben ming nian” or the threshold year—I’ve been reflecting upon the milestones of those past intervals:puberty at age 12,moving across the country for a job at 24 and giving birth to my twin sons at 36.
The more I’ve looked into the practice,the more I realize the significance of its popularity.As an American-born Chinese,I have always adopted and adapted what comes from my birthplace.Logically,I know it won’t matter if I wear red or not,but for me,for now,this shared tradition strengthens my bond with my culture.
So often,life goes by so quickly before we could realize.Days become weeks,months,years and suddenly a dozen years go by.My newborns have grown into tweens and I’ve transformed from not quite middle-aged to now very much so.With the turn of the Chinese New Year,I value a chance to reflect on my past struggles and how I found a way through.
It’s a mindset we could all benefit from.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。
1.What is the tradition on Chinese New Year
A.Wearing lucky red clothes all year round.
B.Putting on new clothes from head to toe.
C.Never having too many lucky clothes.
D.Extending the superstition at a multiple of 12.
答案　B　[细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“By tradition,on Chinese New Year,you’re supposed to put on new clothes,from inner to outer ones.”可知,中国农历新年的传统是从头到脚穿上新衣服。故选B。]
2.Why did the author mention her parents
A.To prove it is ridiculous to wear red clothes.
B.To honor her practical immigrant parents.
C.To blame her parents for not passing the tradition down.
D.To justify her not following the extended tradition.
答案　D　[写作目的题。文章第二段讲到“When I first heard about the...pass this tradition down.”可知,当作者第一次听说这种做法时,认为这是无稽之谈。她的父母没有把这一传统传下来。作者提到她的父母是为她不遵循传统辩解。故选D。]
3.What finally changed the author’s attitude to the practice
A.Her approaching the age of 48.
B.Its connection with her culture.
C.Her illogical thinking patterns.
D.Its popularity among immigrants.
答案　B　[细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“As an American-born Chinese,I have always...my bond with my culture.”可知,从逻辑上讲,作者知道是否穿红色并不重要,但对她来说,这种共同的传统加强了她与她的文化的联系。作者最终改变了对习俗的态度是因为这个习俗与她的文化有关。故选B。]
4.What might the author do at her fourth time around the wheel
A.Reflect on her way through.
B.Develop a new beneficial mindset.
C.Buy underwear in the vivid red.
D.Realize time going by quickly.
答案　C　[推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知作者对于本命年穿红色内衣的态度改变了,开始接纳这一传统。因此在她即将到达第四个本命年的时候,她可能会买红色内衣来穿。故选C。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
In Nanchang,an opera professor turns a classroom into performance stages.An optional college course named “Appreciation of the Jiangxi Opera” 1.　　　　　　 (teach) in a packed house recently at Nanchang University due to the professor’s 2.　　　　　　 (innovate) way of teaching.
Waving water sleeves,and spinning folding fans while wearing traditional makeup and costumes,Chen Li,the 3.　　　　　　 (instruct) of this course,displays the charm of Jiangxi Opera in front of the students.They recorded the performances and posted the video clips of the class on social media platforms,4.　　　　　　 (receive) millions of views and likes from netizens.
Professor Chen is also 5.　　　　　　 inheritor (继承人) of Jiangxi opera,one of the national intangible cultural heritages.The course she teaches has been open for many years,mainly introducing the history,tunes and performance characteristics of Jiangxi Opera.6.　　　　　　 remains unknown to all is that this course,which is full of people now,was originally rarely attended.
Chen devotes more attention to her students’ interactive experience 7.　　　　　　 (engage) students’ interest.“I invite my students to experience the whole process of the performance by 8.　　　　　　 (they) and then they appreciate it gradually.” Chen added.
Although 9.　　　　　　 (face) with the unexpected fame,Chen was satisfied but also realized that a greater responsibility now rested 10.　　　　　　 her shoulders.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了近日,南昌大学开设了一门名为“赣剧艺术鉴赏课”的大学选修课,由于教授创新的教学方式,这门课座无虚席。
1.has been taught　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:近日,南昌大学开设了一门名为“赣剧艺术鉴赏课”的大学选修课,由于教授创新的教学方式,这门课座无虚席。主语An optional college course为单数形式,且与谓语动词teach构成被动关系,根据recently可知时态用现在完成时。故填has been taught。]
2.innovative　[考查词性转换。修饰名词way应用形容词innovative,作定语。故填innovative。]
3.instructor　[考查词性转换。句意:这门课的讲师陈俐身着传统服饰,摇着水袖,纺着折扇,在学生面前展示着赣剧的魅力。表示“讲师”应用名词instructor。故填instructor。]
4.receiving　[考查非谓语动词。句意:他们录制了这些表演,并将视频片段发布在社交媒体平台上,获得了数百万网民的观看和点赞。此处receive与上文构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填receiving。]
5.an　[考查冠词。句意:陈教授还是国家级非物质文化遗产赣剧的传承人。此处inheritor为泛指,且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。]
6.What　[考查名词性从句。句意:大家都不知道的是,这个现在座无虚席的课程,原来很少有人参加。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,应用what引导从句。故填What。]
7.to engage　[考查非谓语动词。句意:陈老师更注重学生的互动体验,以激发学生的兴趣。此处engage在句中作目的状语,应用不定式形式。故填to engage。]
8.themselves　[考查代词。句意:“我邀请我的学生亲自体验表演的全过程,然后他们逐渐欣赏它。”陈补充说。短语by oneself表示“亲自”。故填themselves。]
9.faced　[考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然面对意想不到的名声,陈很满意,但也意识到现在更大的责任落在了她的肩上。短语be faced with表示“面对”,作状语时,去掉be动词,使用过去分词形式作状语。故填faced。]
10.on　[考查介词。此处表示“责任落到肩上”用短语rest on。故填on。]

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