资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.Respecting others is a 　　　　　　（美德） and being respected is a great pleasure.
2.It was 　　　　　　（自私的） of Mary to ask you to pick her up at the airport when you were sick.
3.The application of intelligent robots in libraries makes the job of 　　　　　　（图书馆管理员） easier and easier.
4.Undoubtedly， it is not 　　　　　　（合法的） for restaurants to hire teenagers under 16 years old in China.
5.Last year I passed the driving test and got a driving 　　　　　　（执照）.
6.The two women used some blankets to cover the injured， while others were waiting for the 　　　　　　　　　（救护车） to arrive.
7.Mr White’s short-term aim is to make more money and pay off the home 　　　　　　　（贷款） as soon as possible.
8.Having turned 18， I feel I’m m　　　　　　 enough to be independent of my parents.
9.Costs should be kept to a m　　　　　　， but the quality must be guaranteed.
10.Nowadays few people are able to maintain friendships into a　　　　　　.
维度二：词形转换
1.The company’s 　　　　　　（commit） to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
2.Being the world’s first astronaut， Gagarin 　　　　　　　　（instant） became an international celebrity.
3.Helen is not 　　　　　　（suit）for being the monitor because she is not very popular with her classmates.
4.Many contestants are evaluated by the 　　　　（approve） they get through online voting， ignoring their true quality.
5.It’s 　　　　　　（legal） to hunt and kill rare animals.
6.We are 　　　　　　（gradual） changing over to a completely metric system.
7.During his 　　　　　　（elect） campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.
8.The economy of China has developed 　　　　　（steady） in recent years.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （每天早上锻炼） helps make us healthy.
2.She doesn’t consider that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（在这件事上有发言权）.
3.　　　　　　 （无疑地） Lisa is a top student， and she has set a good example for the others in our class.
4.As an adult， you should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（为……负责） what you have done.
5.My mother was very angry yesterday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（好像我犯了一个大错误）.
6.Plenty of students do not like 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（父母对他们说话的方式）.
维度四：课文语法填空
　　In most countries， turning 18 1.　　　　 （mark） the start of adulthood.In this passage， three young people tell us 2.　　　　 turning 18 means， or meant， to them.
　　16-year-old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3.　　　　 （vote） in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes.Though Bethany’s mum， an ambulance driver， worries about her 4.　　　　 （be） behind the wheel， Bethany thinks she can take 5.　　　　 （responsible） for her life and the lives of other people.
Lin Ning， 19-year-old from Shanghai in China， celebrated his 18th birthday just before he 6.　　　　　　　 （go） to university.He expected to feel 7.　　　　 （instant） different， but it wasn’t like that.In fact， the change has been more gradual and subtle than he imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be， he has begun to feel more aware 8.　　　　 other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility.
Morgan， 20-year-old from Florida in the US， used to believe he should become 9.　　　　 （independence） at the age of 18， but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive， he finds 10.　　　　 hard to save any money.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away： his watch， wallet， comb and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
　　Dad’s comb was jade green.I heard he bought it when he married Mum.Every night， he would smile， hand me the comb and say， “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it， OK？”
　　I was more than happy to do it.At age five， this kind of task brought me such joy.I would excitedly turn the tap on， and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could.Satisfied that I’d done a good job， I would proudly return the comb to Dad.He would smile at me， and place the comb on top of his wallet.
　　About two years later， Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business.I started primary school.That was when things started to change.Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well， and our stable lives started getting shaky.He didn’t come home as much as he used to.And when he did come home， it was always late and I’d already be in bed.I started to get mad.Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job？ Why did he take the risk and place the whole family in trouble？ Over the years， I stopped waiting for him to come home， and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
　　Now 28， I’ve graduated from college and got a job.Dad’s business has also started to get back on track.Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
　　Two days before my birthday last year， Dad came home early.On that evening， I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual.When I turned to leave， he asked me to clean his comb.I looked at him for a while， then took the comb and headed to the sink.
　　It was the same comb.After cleaning it， I passed it back to Dad.He looked at it and smiled.But this time， I noticed something different.My dad had aged.He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled， yet his smile was still as heart-warming as before.
1.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs？
A.The author would study with Dad every evening.
B.The precious green comb of Dad was made of jade.
C.The earliest memories with Dad were full of joy.
D.The author was unwilling to clean the comb for Dad.
2.What probably made Dad decide to start his own business？
A.He was eager to get everything on track.
B.He wanted to keep his family life stable.
C.He was laid off and had to make a living.
D.He hoped to earn a better life for the family.
3.What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with Dad these years？
A.Cheerful→mad→warm.
B.Mad→satisfied→warm.
C.Satisfied→worried→angry.
D.Warm→concerned→uncomfortable.
4.Which could be the best title for the text？
A.My Dad’s Comb
B.Dad’s Wholesale Business
C.Changes of My Dad
D.My Earliest Memories with Dad
B
　　In a new study of more than 50，000 Korean adolescents， those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use.Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center， Korea， and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on 6 December 2023.
　　Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years， and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health， such as psychiatric disorders （精神紊乱）， sleep issues， and eye-related problems.
　　However， growing evidence suggests that at least some daily Internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents.
　　To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents’ use of smartphones and health， Moon， Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50，000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures.
　　The researchers found that in 2020， the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017.Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress， thoughts of suicide， and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day.However， adolescents that used a smartphone 1－2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all.
　　The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes.However， the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents — especially if daily usage continues to rise.
5.What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A.Related.　　　　　　 B.Negative.
C.Favorable. D.Positive.
6.What can be inferred about the results of the new study？
A.Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers.
B.A growing number of teenagers use smartphones.
C.A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial.
D.The more use of smartphones， the higher risks of mental health.
7.How did researchers carry out the study？
A.By comparing different studies.
B.By studying adolescents’ health.
C.By analyzing previous information.
D.By collecting data from participants.
8.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Smartphone Use Among Teenagers On the Rise
B.Smartphone Use Accounting for Poor Mental Health
C.Right Smartphone Use Leading to Fewer Problems in Teenagers
D.Overuse of Smartphones Linked to Mental Health Risks in Teenagers
C
　　Does a happy person live longer？ Many studies have convinced us that happiness brings good health， which has resulted in an increasing demand for speakers and products encouraging positive thinking.However， being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy.There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition.
　　Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous.Positive thinking， when taken to the extreme， can cause a person to be separated from reality.For example， a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it， may blame himself for not being happy.In this case， positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors.Sometimes the pursuit of happiness is even associated with serious mental health problems such as depression.
　　All types of happiness are not good for us either.For example， pride， a pleasant feeling， can sometimes rob us of the ability to empathize with others or understand another’s viewpoint.This anti-social behavior can cause people around us to turn away from us， and this could， in turn， make us feel lonely and do harm to our mental and even physical health.
　　Moreover， unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-being.Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being.For example， if I have behaved badly towards my good friend， the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness.The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one’s mental well-being.
　　In trying to experience happiness， we should remember that seeking for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating， and does not necessarily lead to better health.After all， one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life.Instead， learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health.
9.What’s the writer’s opinion in this passage？
A.Negative thinking can be dangerous.
B.Staying happy can bring good health.
C.Unpleasant feelings cannot be beneficial.
D.Happiness cannot ensure one’s good health.
10.When can positive thinking be dangerous according to the passage？
A.When we use it with a realistic attitude to solve problems.
B.When we focus on it as an only determinant of happy life.
C.When we think it one of the necessary factors for good health.
D.When we realize it may rob us of the ability to understand others.
11.How can unpleasant feelings be beneficial to a person’s well-being？
A.They rebuild a broken relationship.
B.They lead to self-reflection and personal growth.
C.They help keep the problems and challenges away.
D.They prevent long-term negative effects on mental health.
12.Which of the following has the similar meaning of “an end in itself” underlined in the last paragraph？
A.An ultimate goal. B.An individual plan.
C.A final decision. D.A great start.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Living with young adults is different from living with the children they once were.　13　.The rules make your entire household run well.Here are four most important rules to establish to help you and your teens get comfortable.
　　Ask for rent or help with bills
　　Get them to pay the cost of living if they have an income.This lets them contribute to the household while also saving up.But this is also an opportunity to train them for a more independent life， where bills are a reality.Make it clear that this isn’t a free ride.Don’t forget things like electric or water bills.　14　.
　　Discuss food arrangements
　　Tell them how much you’re willing to feed or cook for them.When they are living alone， they’ll have to feed themselves.Will they buy their own groceries？ Will they cook their own meals？ 　15　.Ask them to prepare those meals for the household 2－3 nights a week.
　　Assign housework
　　　16　.List all the tasks and choose 4－5 to assign to your teens.Or， prepare them for independent life by letting them handle all their own daily work： they wash their own clothes， clean their own living space， etc.Create a schedule for when they ought to be completed.
　　　17　
　　Let them know that they can’t hang around the house all day.It’s time for them to contribute to the household， and that means finding jobs， or studying to help them find work later.Suggest that they get an entry-level， part-time job.If you’re able， offer to help them pay for school.
A.You’ll need to set some basic rules
B.Order your young adults to go to college
C.Teach your teens to cook some basic meals
D.Encourage them to find work or get education
E.If necessary， have your teens pay their own part
F.You are providing for them as they live under your roof
G.Prepare your teens for the work involved in running a household
13.　　　　　　 14.　　　　　　 15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.virtue　2.selfish　3.librarians　4.legal　5.licence
6.ambulance　7.loan　8.mature　9.minimum　10.adulthood
维度二
1.commitment　2.instantly　3.suitable　4.approval
5.illegal　6.gradually　7.election　8.steadily
维度三
1.Taking exercise every morning
2.have a say on the matter　3.No doubt
4.take responsibility for　5.as if I had made a big mistake
6.the way （that/in which） their parents talk to them
维度四
1.marks　2.what　3.to vote　4.being　5.responsibility　6.went　7.instantly　8.of　9.more independent　10.it
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变得更好，辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了。作者长大找到了一份工作后最终理解了父亲。
1.C　细节理解题。根据前三段内容尤其是第三段中的I was more than happy to do it.At age five， this kind of task brought me such joy.可知，作者小时候与父亲的相处是非常愉快的。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well， and our stable lives started getting shaky.可知，作者一家之前的生活是稳定的，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的I was more than happy to do it.和第四段中的I started to get mad.以及最后一段中的yet his smile was still as heart-warming as before可推知，作者这些年和爸爸在一起的情感变化是“快乐→生气→温暖”。
4.C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变得更好，辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了。作者长大找到了一份工作后最终理解了父亲。因此C项（父亲的变化）为本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。
5.B　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的Adolescents who used a smartphone ...than those with usage below 4 hours per day.可知，画线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”。画线词adverse和negative意思相近。
6.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，适量使用智能手机是有益的。
7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员通过收集参与者的数据来进行这项研究。
8.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。因此D项（过度使用手机与青少年心理健康风险有关）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康，还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键。
9.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者认为快乐并不能保证一个人的健康。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第二段列举的例子可知，当我们将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是危险的。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，不愉快的感觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。
12.A　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，快乐不一定会让我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。此处与首段相呼应，an end in itself意为“目的”，A项（一个最终目标）与画线部分意思相近。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四条帮助你和你的青少年获得舒适感的重要规则。
13.A　下文提到The rules，空处应承接下文，A项（你需要制定一些基本规则）符合语境。A项中的some basic rules与空后一句中的The rules相呼应。
14.E　上文说明电费水费也需要孩子们分担，E项（如有必要，让你的青少年自己支付）承接上文，符合语境。
15.C　上文提出了两个问题，下文提到让孩子们自己去准备饭菜，C项（教你的青少年做一些基本的饭菜）回应了上文的问题，符合语境，且some basic meals与下文those meals相呼应。
16.G　本段小标题Assign housework说明家长要给孩子分配任务，空处是对小标题的进一步解释，G项（让你的青少年做好参与家庭经营工作的准备）符合语境。
17.D　下文说明不能让孩子整天待在家里，要让他们去找工作或者去学习，D项（鼓励他们找工作或接受教育）符合语境。
5 / 6Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Age of Majority
In most countries， [1]turning 18 marks① the start of adulthood②.But what does reaching this milestone③， the age of majority④， really mean？ Will you be completely in charge of⑤ your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways？ What new responsibilities⑥ will this freedom⑦ bring？ Here， three young people tell us [2]what turning 18 means， or meant， to them.
　　[1]动词-ing短语作主语。
[2]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作直接宾语。
Bethany　16， Victoria， Australia
I can’t wait to⑧ be 18.One reason is [3]that although I’ve been working ever since⑨ leaving school， I won’t be voting⑩ in the next general election .Why？ Because I still won’t be old enough.Surely ， [4]if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes ， you should be allowed to have a say on [5]how the government spends them！ I’ve also been taking driving lessons， and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18.My mum worries about me being behind the wheel .As an ambulance driver， she’s seen a lot of car accidents [6]involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21.But I think I’m already mature enough to understand [7]that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
　　[3]that引导表语从句，从句中含有although引导的让步状语从句。
[4]if引导条件状语从句。
[5]how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
[6]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词car accidents。
[7]that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
Lin Ning　19， Shanghai， China
I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university .I expected to feel instantly different， [8]as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.But it wasn’t like that.When I woke up the next day ， [9]there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend.In fact， the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager [10]I used to be， I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility .To give an example， I will be signing an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow.This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents （although I knew they would approve ）.Turning 18 also changed the way [11]that society viewed me.I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer.Of course， I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point， but I currently don’t have a steady income， so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have！
　　[8]as if引导方式状语从句，意为“好像，仿佛，似乎”，从句使用了虚拟语气。
[9]动词不定式短语 to obey和to attend作后置定语，分别修饰名词rules和lessons。
[10]I used to be为定语从句，修饰先行词teenager，从句省略了关系代词that或which。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【读文清障】
①mark v.标志，意味着
②adulthood n.成年
③milestone n.重大事件，里程碑
④the age of majority
法定成年年龄
⑤in charge of 掌管，负责
⑥responsibility n.责任，义务
⑦freedom n.自由
⑧can’t wait to do sth
迫不及待做某事
⑨ever since 自……以来
⑩vote v.投票；选举
election n.选举
general election 大选，普选
surely adv.当然
wage n.（按小时、日或周计算的）工资，薪金
tax n.税
pay taxes 交税，纳税
have a say 有发言权
very adj.恰好的，（特指人或事物）正是的
behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车
ambulance n.救护车
involve v.牵涉，涉及
legal adj.合法的
driving licence
驾照，驾驶执照
mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的
take responsibility for
对……负责
go to university 上大学
instantly adv.立即，马上
childhood n.童年，儿童时代
the next day 第二天
obey v.服从；遵守
subtle adj.难以察觉的；微妙的
gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
selfish adj.自私的
a strong sense of social
responsibility
一种强烈的社会责任感
organ donation 器官捐献
approve v.赞成，同意
view v.看待
credit card 信用卡
currently adv.目前
steady adj.稳定的
tempt v.诱惑，引诱
tempt sb to do sth
诱惑某人做某事
　　Morgan　20， Florida， the US
[12]People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives， and that we should become more independent .I used to believe this， but the reality for me has been very different.I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18， but how wrong I was！ My librarian’s salary means that I’ll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive， [13]I find it hard to save any money.I’ll be starting a new job next month， however， so maybe things will get easier.I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment， but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment ， and [14]I do like my mom’s cooking.I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age.
　　[12]本句中含有两个that引导的并列的宾语从句。
[13]本句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to save any money作真正的宾语。
[14]句中do用来强调谓语动词like。
independent adj.独立的；自主的
assume v.假定；假设；认为
librarian n.图书馆管理员
household adj.家庭的
commute n.每天上班的路程
deposit n.订金
pay the deposit on ...
支付……的订金
commitment n.投入，花费；承诺
【参考译文】
成　年
在大多数国家，进入18岁便意味着成年。但是到达成年这一里程碑到底意味着什么呢？你将完全主宰自己的生活吗？你能够用新奇的、激动人心的方式来表达自己吗？获得这种自由又会带来什么新的责任呢？接下来，有三位年轻人会为我们讲述年满18岁对他们意味着什么，或是曾经意味着什么。
贝萨妮　16岁，澳大利亚 维多利亚州
我简直等不及想要到18岁了。其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。为什么？因为我依然不满18岁。当然，如果你已经挣工资并且交税了，那你应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。我也一直在学习驾驶，并且我会在18岁当天就去考驾照。妈妈十分担心我开车，作为一名救护车司机，她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。
林宁　19岁，中国 上海
上大学前我刚满18岁。我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。但是事实并非如此。第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则，需要参加的课程。事实上，这种变化比我想象的更微小，更平缓。相比自己之前那个自私的青少年角色，我已经开始更多地关注别人，并且去培养更强烈的社会责任感。比如说，明天这个时候我将会签署器官捐赠意向书。这对我来说是一个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见（虽然我知道他们会同意的）。满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。有家银行给我打电话让我办理信用卡的时候，我非常惊讶。虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由，而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间获得一张信用卡，但是我现在还没有稳定的收入，所以现在办理的话可能会让我透支！
　　摩根　20岁，美国 佛罗里达州
人们都说18岁意味着翻开人生的新篇章，我们应该变得更独立。我曾经也这样认为，但是事实并非如此。我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！作为一个图书馆管理员，我的工资只够我继续长时间和父母住在一起。因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非常困难。不过下个月我会开始一份新工作，也许情况能有所好转。我知道我可以通过贷款来支付购买自己公寓的订金，但我还无法向银行做出这种重大的承诺，而且我真的很喜欢吃妈妈做的饭。我觉得要想负起一些责任，更多的是关乎态度，而不是年龄。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following words can be used to describe Bethany’s attitude towards growing up？
A.Eager and excited.
B.Indifferent and expectant.
C.Disappointed and different.
D.Responsible and cautious.
2.What does Lin Ning think being an adult means？
A.It means he can go to university.
B.It means he can celebrate his birthday freely.
C.It means he needn’t obey rules or attend lessons.
D.It means he should have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
3.Why will Morgan be living at home with his parents for a while longer？
A.He has a well-paid job.
B.He has to start a new job next month.
C.He is independent as expected.
D.He earns a low salary working as a librarian.
4.What does the word “commitment” in the last paragraph probably mean？
A.Hope.　　　　　　　 B.Promise.
C.Willingness. D.Belief.
5.What’s the main idea of the text？
A.Views about the right to vote.
B.Young people should leave home when they grow up.
C.What the age of majority means to different people.
D.The age of majority varies in different countries.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What does turning 18 mean to you？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
2.Do you think it is necessary to set a legal adult age？ Why？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to show the change of the mood.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find a sentence about simile （比喻） in the part of Lin Ning.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.One reason is that although I’ve been working ever since leaving school， I won’t be voting in the next general election.
句式分析 that although I’ve been working ever since leaving school， I won’t be voting in the next general election为that 引导的　　　　从句，although I’ve been working ever since leaving school为although引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Surely， if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes， you should be allowed to have a say on how the government spends them！
句式分析 if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes为if引导的　　　　从句，how the government spends them为how引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
句式分析 that引导　　　　从句，作　　　　　　的宾语；动词-ing短语taking ...作动词means的　　　　语。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
句式分析 as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world为as if引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18， but how wrong I was！
句式分析 I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18是由and连接的两个　　　　从句，引导词都是that，在第一个宾语从句中that　　　　省略，而第二个宾语从句中that　　　　省略。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
election n.选举
【教材原句】　One reason is that although I’ve been working ever since leaving school， I won’t be voting in the next general election.
其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。
【用法】
（1）win/lose an election 当/落选；选举获胜/失败
hold an election 举行选举
（2）elect v. 选举，推选；选择，决定
elect to do sth 决定/选择做某事
elect sb （as/to be）＋职位 选某人为……（职位名词前不加冠词）
【佳句】　It is not surprising that she was elected （as/to be） monitor； she is a capable and intelligent girl.
她当选班长一点都不奇怪。她是个既能干又聪明的女孩。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Everyone was allowed to vote regardless of skin colour to celebrate South Africa’s first 　　　　　　（elect） in 1994.
②Nowadays，increasing numbers of people elect 　　　　　　（work） at home to avoid their distant commutes.
【写美】　补全句子
③听说你被选为学生会主席，我写信向你表示祝贺。（祝贺信）
Hearing you 　　　　　　　　　　　　of the Students’ Union， I’m writing to express my congratulations to you.
legal adj.合法的
【教材原句】　As an ambulance driver， she’s seen a lot of car accidents involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21. 作为一名救护车司机，她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。
【用法】
（1）It is legal/illegal （for sb） to do sth （某人）做某事是合法/违法的
legal holiday/age　　　法定假期/年龄
legal action 法律诉讼
（2）illegal adj. 违法的，犯法的
（3）legally adv. 合法地，法律上
【佳句】　She threatened to take legal action against the hospital.
她扬言要起诉医院。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It’s illegal 　　　　　　（drive） after drinking alcohol in China.
②I wonder which of them is 　　　　　　（legal） responsible for the accident.
【写美】　补全句子
③在中国，对于男性来说，结婚的法定年龄是22岁。
In China， for men， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is 22.
take responsibility for 对……负责
【教材原句】　But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。
【用法】
（1）have （the/a） responsibility to do ... 有责任/有义务做……
It is one’s responsibility to do sth
做某事是某人的责任
a sense of responsibility 责任感
（2）responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for 对……负责
【佳句】　Born into a traditional family， Rick was brought up to value the sense of responsibility.
瑞克出生在一个传统家庭，从小就被教育要有责任感。
【联想】　表示“对……负责”还可用bear/shoulder responsibility for来表达。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It’s the police’s responsibility 　　　　　　（protect） the travellers， so they should be responsible 　　　　　　the accidents that happened to them.
②Although he is a man with 　　　　sense of responsibility， he is at a loss what to do for his hometown.
【写美】　一句多译
③最重要的是你要对你的行为承担责任。
→What is most important is that you need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　your actions first.（responsibility）
→What is most important is that you need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　your actions first.（responsible）
instantly adv.立即，马上
【教材原句】　I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
【用法】
（1）instantly ...＝the instant ...　　一……就……
（2）instant adj.立即的，立刻的；速食的，方便的
n. 瞬间，片刻
in an instant 立即，马上
for an instant 瞬间，片刻
【佳句】　We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world.
我们现在可以与世界另一端的人进行即时沟通。
【联想】　表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的还有immediately/directly， as soon as，the moment/minute/second等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Just 　　　　an instant I came to realise he wasn’t going to obey the rule from his subtle expression.
②They forgot all their fears and miseries 　　　　　　　　an instant.
③He shook me by the hand and we opened a conversation 　　　　　　（instant）.
【写美】　一句多译
④看到分数的那一刻，玛丽高兴地跳起来。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she jumped with delight.（instant）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she jumped with delight.（instantly）
approve v.赞成，同意；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
【教材原句】　This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents （although I knew they would approve）. 这对我来说是一个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见（虽然我知道他们会同意的）。
【用法】
（1）approve sth　 批准/通过某事
approve of （sb/sb’s） doing sth 同意/赞成（某人）做某事
（2）approval n. 赞成，同意；批准，通过，认可
win/earn sb’s approval 赢得某人的同意/赞成/认可
【佳句】　We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.
如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。（感谢信）
【点津】　“同意/赞成某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I would appreciate it if my application could get your 　　　　　　（approve）.
②He told his plan to his friends， most of whom approved of him 　　　　　　（carry） it out immediately.
【写美】　补全句子
③至于我，我赞成这项禁令。限塑令使中国符合日益增长的减少塑料袋使用的国际趋势。（环境保护）
As for me， 　　　　　　　　　. The ban on plastic bags brings China in line with a growing international trend to cut plastic bag use.
no doubt无疑地；必定
【教材原句】　Of course， I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point ...
虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由，而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间获得一张信用卡……
【用法】
（1）doubt v.　　　怀疑，不确定；不信任
n. 怀疑，不确定
doubt whether/if ... 怀疑是否……（用于肯定句）
doubt that ... 怀疑（用于否定句或疑问句）
（2）beyond/without/out of doubt 毫无疑问/确实地
【佳句】　No doubt that the Earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused the global warming.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，正是人类活动导致了全球变暖。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is no doubt 　　　　　　you can get along well with them.
②There is some doubt 　　　　　　John will come on time.
③　　　　　　 doubt these rumours added further fuel to the flames.
【写美】　补全句子
④我丝毫都不怀疑我们对环境的污染是不可挽回的。（环境保护）
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we are polluting the environment beyond redemption.
assume vt.认为；假定，假设
【教材原句】　I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18， but how wrong I was！
我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！
【用法】
（1）assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ...　　 一般认为……
（2）assumption n. 假定，假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
（3）assuming/assume that ... 假设/假定……
【佳句】　She assumed that her parents would feel proud of her great talent.
她认为她的父母会为她的才华感到骄傲。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the 　　　　　　　　（assume） you’ve made.
【写美】　补全句子
②人们普遍认为我们应该保护好这些古建筑。（报道）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we should well preserve these ancient buildings.
suitable adj.合适的
【教材原句】　Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.
为这篇文章选择另一个合适的标题并给出你的理由。
【用法】
（1）be suitable for　　 　适合……
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
（2）suit v.适合（某人）；适宜；满足（某人）需要；合（某人）心意
suit ...to ... 使……适合……
（3）suit n. 西装，套装
【佳句】　Please let me know what time suits you best. I am available anytime next weekend.
请告诉我什么时间最适合你。下周末我什么时候都有空。（道歉信）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A good teacher should suit his lessons 　　　　　　the age of his students.
②Having qualifications to teach golf，I am greatly convinced that I am suitable 　　　　（act） as a coach in your club.
【写美】　补全句子
③因为我流利的英语，我相信我适合这个志愿者工作。
Because of my fluent English， I am convinced that I 　　　　　　　　the volunteer work.
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as if引导状语从句或表语从句
【教材原句】　I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
【用法】
as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，既可以引导表语从句也可以引导状语从句。
（1）如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，句子要用陈述语气。
（2）如果as if/though所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（从句中be动词常用were）；
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
【点津】　当as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可以省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。
【写美】　微写作
①当一支铅笔部分放入水中时，它看起来好像断了一样。
When a pencil is partly put into water， it looks 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②他张了张嘴，似乎要对我说些什么，然后摇头走开了。（动作链描写）
He opened his mouth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and then went away， shaking his head.
③他凝视着她，愣住了。他觉得好像他的心都不跳了。
He stared at her， shocked. He felt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④看天空中的云！看起来好像要下雨了。
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
the way 作先行词的定语从句
【教材原句】　Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me.
满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。
【用法】
（1）句中that society viewed me为定语从句，修饰先行词the way；从句引导词为that，在从句中作状语。
（2）way（方式，方法）后的定语从句的引导词有两种：
①在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语，要用that或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略。
②在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。
【品悟】　I don’t like the way （that/in which） you talk to the librarian of our university library. 我不喜欢你和我们大学图书馆的图书馆管理员说话的方式。
【写美】　句型转换/微写作
①The way that the professor explained the question was quite simple.
→The way 　　　　　　　　the professor explained the question was quite simple.
②近年来，人们生活中的交流方式发生了巨大的变化。我们也需要改变我们思考问题的方式。
Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s lives in recent years.We also need to change the way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was quite simple.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.vote　2.licence　3.more aware of　4.responsibility
5.live　6.attitude
第二步
1－5　ADDBC
第三步
1.Turning 18 means that I am a grown-up.And I will share more responsibilities and care more about my parents.
2.Legally speaking， our society needs to set a line to let people completely undertake their rights and duties. What’s more， setting a legal adult age helps us develop a sense of responsibility consciously. Knowing we are legal adults，we will force ourselves to think deeply and behave maturely. It is a necessary boost （促进） for our mental growth.
第四步
1.（1）I can’t wait to be 18.
（2）But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
（3）I expected to feel instantly different.
（4）I used to believe this， but the reality for me has been very different.
2.I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
第五步
1.表语　让步状语
其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。
2.条件状语　宾语
当然，如果你已经挣工资并且交税了，那你应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。
3.宾语　understand　宾
但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。
4.方式状语
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
5.宾语　可　不可
我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①election　②to work
③were elected （as/to be） chairman
2.①to drive　②legally　③the legal age to get married
3.①to protect； for　②a　③take/bear/shoulder responsibility for； be responsible for
4.①for　②in　③instantly　④The instant Mary caught sight of the score； Instantly Mary caught sight of the score
5.①approval　②carrying　③I approve of the ban
6.①that　②whether/if　③Without/Beyond
④have no doubt that/don’t doubt that
7.①assumption　②It is generally assumed that
8.①to　②to act　③am suitable for
重点句型解构
1.①as if/though it were broken　②as if to say something to me　③as if/though his heart had stopped　④as if/though it is going to rain
2.①in which　②（that/in which） we think about matters
③The way （which/that） he explained to us
12 / 12(共121张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Age of Majority
In most countries， [1]turning 18 marks① the start of adulthood
②.But what does reaching this milestone③， the age of majority④， really
mean？ Will you be completely in charge of⑤ your own life and able to
express yourself in new and exciting ways？ What new responsibilities⑥
will this freedom⑦ bring？ Here， three young people tell us [2]what
turning 18 means， or meant， to them.
　　[1]动词-ing短语作主语。
[2]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作直接宾语。
【读文清障】
①mark v.标志，意味着
②adulthood n.成年
③milestone n.重大事件，里程碑
④the age of majority 法定成年年龄
⑤in charge of 掌管，负责
⑥responsibility n.责任，义务
⑦freedom n.自由
Bethany　16， Victoria， Australia
I can’t wait to⑧ be 18.One reason is [3]that although I’ve been
working ever since⑨ leaving school， I won’t be voting⑩ in the next
general election .Why？ Because I still won’t be old enough.Surely
， [4]if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes ， you
should be allowed to have a say on [5]how the government spends
them！ I’ve also been taking driving lessons， and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18.My mum worries about me being
behind the wheel .As an ambulance driver， she’s seen a lot of car
accidents [6]involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a
driving licence should be 21.But I think I’m already mature enough
to understand [7]that driving a car also means taking responsibility for
my life and the lives of other people.
　　[3]that引导表语从句，从句中含有although引导的让步状语
从句。
[4]if引导条件状语从句。
[5]how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
[6]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词car accidents。
[7]that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
⑧can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
⑨ever since 自……以来
⑩vote v.投票；选举
election n.选举
general election 大选，普选
surely adv.当然
wage n.（按小时、日或周计算的）工资，薪金
tax n.税pay taxes 交税，纳税
have a say 有发言权
very adj.恰好的，（特指人或事物）正是的
behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车
ambulance n.救护车
involve v.牵涉，涉及
legal adj.合法的
driving licence 驾照，驾驶执照
mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的
take responsibility for 对……负责
Lin Ning　19， Shanghai， China
I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university .I
expected to feel instantly different， [8]as if I had closed the door on my
childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.But it wasn’t like
that.When I woke up the next day ， [9]there were still rules to obey
and lessons to attend.In fact， the change has been more subtle and
gradual than I imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager [10]I
used to be， I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to
develop a stronger sense of social responsibility .To give an example，
I will be signing an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow.This
was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents
（although I knew they would approve ）.Turning 18 also changed the
way [11]that society viewed me.I was really surprised when a bank
contacted me with a credit card offer.Of course， I would like to have
more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at
some point， but I currently don’t have a steady income， so getting
a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have！
　　[8]as if引导方式状语从句，意为“好像，仿佛，似乎”，从句使
用了虚拟语气。
[9]动词不定式短语 to obey和to attend作后置定语，分别修饰名词
rules和lessons。
[10]I used to be为定语从句，修饰先行词teenager，从句省略了关
系代词that或which。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
go to university 上大学
instantly adv.立即，马上
childhood n.童年，儿童时代
the next day 第二天
obey v.服从；遵守
subtle adj.难以察觉的；微妙的
gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
selfish adj.自私的
a strong sense of social responsibility一种强烈的社会责任感
organ donation 器官捐献
approve v.赞成，同意
view v.看待
credit card 信用卡
currently adv.目前
steady adj.稳定的
tempt v.诱惑，引诱
tempt sb to do sth 诱惑某人做某事
Morgan　20， Florida， the US
[12]People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives， and that
we should become more independent .I used to believe this， but the
reality for me has been very different.I assumed I’d already have a
well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I
turned 18， but how wrong I was！ My librarian’s salary means that
I’ll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.Because I
contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite
expensive， [13]I find it hard to save any money.I’ll be starting a new
job next month， however， so maybe things will get easier.
I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own
apartment， but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment ，
and [14]I do like my mom’s cooking.I guess some responsibilities are
more about attitude than age.
　　[12]本句中含有两个that引导的并列的宾语从句。
[13]本句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to save any money作真
正的宾语。
[14]句中do用来强调谓语动词like。
independent adj.独立的；自主的
assume v.假定；假设；认为
librarian n.图书馆管理员
household adj.家庭的
commute n.每天上班的路程
deposit n.订金
pay the deposit on ... 支付……的订金
commitment n.投入，花费；承诺
【参考译文】
成　年
在大多数国家，进入18岁便意味着成年。但是到达成年这一里程
碑到底意味着什么呢？你将完全主宰自己的生活吗？你能够用新奇
的、激动人心的方式来表达自己吗？获得这种自由又会带来什么新的
责任呢？接下来，有三位年轻人会为我们讲述年满18岁对他们意味着
什么，或是曾经意味着什么。
贝萨妮　16岁，澳大利亚 维多利亚州
我简直等不及想要到18岁了。其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工
作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。为什么？因为我依然不
满18岁。当然，如果你已经挣工资并且交税了，那你应该对政府在支
配税收方面有一定的话语权。我也一直在学习驾驶，并且我会在18岁
当天就去考驾照。妈妈十分担心我开车，作为一名救护车司机，她目
睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21
岁。但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他
人的生命负责。
林宁　19岁，中国 上海
上大学前我刚满18岁。我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好
像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。但是事实并非
如此。第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则，需要参加的课程。
事实上，这种变化比我想象的更微小，更平缓。相比自己之前那个自
私的青少年角色，我已经开始更多地关注别人，并且去培养更强烈的
社会责任感。比如说，明天这个时候我将会签署器官捐赠意向书。这
对我来说是一个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见
（虽然我知道他们会同意的）。满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变
了。有家银行给我打电话让我办理信用卡的时候，我非常惊讶。
虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由，而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间
获得一张信用卡，但是我现在还没有稳定的收入，所以现在办理的话
可能会让我透支！
人们都说18岁意味着翻开人生的新篇章，我们应该变得更独立。
我曾经也这样认为，但是事实并非如此。我以为我一到18岁就有了一
份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！作
为一个图书馆管理员，我的工资只够我继续长时间和父母住在一起。
因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非
常困难。不过下个月我会开始一份新工作，也许情况能有所好转。我
知道我可以通过贷款来支付购买自己公寓的订金，但我还无法向银行
做出这种重大的承诺，而且我真的很喜欢吃妈妈做的饭。我觉得要想
负起一些责任，更多的是关乎态度，而不是年龄。
　　摩根　20岁，美国 佛罗里达州
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Which of the following words can be used to describe Bethany’s
attitude towards growing up？
A. Eager and excited.
B. Indifferent and expectant.
C. Disappointed and different.
D. Responsible and cautious.
2. What does Lin Ning think being an adult means？
A. It means he can go to university.
B. It means he can celebrate his birthday freely.
C. It means he needn’t obey rules or attend lessons.
D. It means he should have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
3. Why will Morgan be living at home with his parents for a while
longer？
A. He has a well-paid job.
B. He has to start a new job next month.
C. He is independent as expected.
D. He earns a low salary working as a librarian.
4. What does the word “commitment” in the last paragraph probably
mean？
A. Hope. B. Promise.
C. Willingness. D. Belief.
5. What’s the main idea of the text？
A. Views about the right to vote.
B. Young people should leave home when they grow up.
C. What the age of majority means to different people.
D. The age of majority varies in different countries.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What does turning 18 mean to you？


　Turning 18 means that I am a grown-up.And I will share more
responsibilities and care more about my parents.　
2. Do you think it is necessary to set a legal adult age？ Why？






　Legally speaking， our society needs to set a line to let people
completely undertake their rights and duties. What’s more， setting a
legal adult age helps us develop a sense of responsibility consciously.
Knowing we are legal adults，we will force ourselves to think deeply
and behave maturely. It is a necessary boost （促进） for our mental
growth.　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to show the change of
the mood.







（1）I can’t wait to be 18.　
　（2）But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that
driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives
of other people.　
（3）I expected to feel instantly different.　
　（4）I used to believe this， but the reality for me has been very
different.　
2. Read the passage carefully and find a sentence about simile （比喻）
in the part of Lin Ning.


　I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on
my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. One reason is that although I’ve been working ever since leaving
school， I won’t be voting in the next general election.
句式分析 that although I’ve been working ever since leaving
school， I won’t be voting in the next general election为that 引导
的 从句，although I’ve been working ever since leaving
school为although引导的 从句。
自主翻译

表语　
让步状语　
其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然
不能在下一届大选中投票。　
2. Surely， if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes， you
should be allowed to have a say on how the government spends them！
句式分析 if you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes为if引导
的 从句，how the government spends them为how引导
的 从句。
自主翻译

条件状语　
宾语　
当然，如果你已经挣工资并且交税了，那你应该对政
府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。　
3. But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car
also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other
people.
句式分析 that引导 从句，作 的宾语；动词-
ing短语taking ...作动词means的 语。
自主翻译

宾语　
understand　
宾　
但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要
对自己和他人的生命负责。　
4. I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed the door on my
childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
句式分析 as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into
a whole new adult world为as if引导的 从句。
自主翻译

方式状语　
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭
了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。　
5. I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving
into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18， but how wrong I was！
句式分析 I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving
into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18是由and连接的两个
从句，引导词都是that，在第一个宾语从句中that 省略，而
第二个宾语从句中that 省略。
自主翻译

宾
语　
可　
不可　
我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬
进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
election n.选举
【教材原句】　One reason is that although I’ve been working ever
since leaving school， I won’t be voting in the next general election. 其
中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选
中投票。
【用法】
（1）win/lose an election 当/落选；选举获胜/失败
hold an election　　举行选举
（2）elect v.　　选举，推选；选择，决定
elect to do sth　　决定/选择做某事
elect sb （as/to be）＋职位 选某人为……（职位名词前不加冠词）
【佳句】　It is not surprising that she was elected （as/to be）
monitor； she is a capable and intelligent girl.她当选班长一点都不奇
怪。她是个既能干又聪明的女孩。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Everyone was allowed to vote regardless of skin colour to celebrate
South Africa’s first （elect） in 1994.
②Nowadays，increasing numbers of people elect （work）
at home to avoid their distant commutes.
election　
to work　
【写美】　补全句子
③听说你被选为学生会主席，我写信向你表示祝贺。（祝贺信）
Hearing you of the Students’
Union， I’m writing to express my congratulations to you.
were elected （as/to be） chairman　
legal adj.合法的
【教材原句】　As an ambulance driver， she’s seen a lot of car
accidents involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving
licence should be 21.
作为一名救护车司机，她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾
照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。
【用法】
（1）It is legal/illegal （for sb） to do sth　（某人）做某事是合法/违
法的
legal holiday/age　　法定假期/年龄
legal action　　法律诉讼
（2）illegal adj.　　违法的，犯法的
（3）legally adv.　　合法地，法律上
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It’s illegal （drive） after drinking alcohol in China.
②I wonder which of them is （legal）responsible for the
accident.
to drive　
legally　
【佳句】　She threatened to take legal action against the hospital. 她扬
言要起诉医院。
【写美】　补全句子
③在中国，对于男性来说，结婚的法定年龄是22岁。
In China， for men， is 22.
the legal age to get married　
take responsibility for 对……负责
【教材原句】　But I think I’m already mature enough to understand
that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the
lives of other people.
但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的
生命负责。
【用法】
（1）have （the/a） responsibility to do ... 有责任/有义务做……
It is one’s responsibility to do sth　　做某事是某人的责任
a sense of responsibility　　责任感
（2）responsible adj.　　有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for　　对……负责
【佳句】　Born into a traditional family， Rick was brought up to value
the sense of responsibility.
瑞克出生在一个传统家庭，从小就被教育要有责任感。
【联想】　表示“对……负责”还可用bear/shoulder responsibility for
来表达。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It’s the police’s responsibility （protect） the
travellers， so they should be responsible the accidents that
happened to them.
②Although he is a man with sense of responsibility， he is at a loss
what to do for his hometown.
to protect　
for　
a　
【写美】　一句多译
③最重要的是你要对你的行为承担责任。
→What is most important is that you need to
your actions first.（responsibility）
→What is most important is that you need to your
actions first.（responsible）
take/bear/shoulder
responsibility for　
be responsible for
instantly adv.立即，马上
【教材原句】　I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed
the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，
踏进一个全新的成人世界。
【用法】
（1）instantly ... ＝the instant ...　　一……就……
（2）instant adj.　　立即的，立刻的；速食的，方便的
n.　　瞬间，片刻
in an instant　　立即，马上
for an instant　　瞬间，片刻
【佳句】　We can now communicate instantly with people on the other
side of the world.
我们现在可以与世界另一端的人进行即时沟通。
【联想】　表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的还有
immediately/directly， as soon as，the moment/minute/second等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Just an instant I came to realise he wasn’t going to obey the
rule from his subtle expression.
②They forgot all their fears and miseries an instant.
③He shook me by the hand and we opened a conversation
（instant）.
for　
in　
instantly　
【写美】　一句多译
④看到分数的那一刻，玛丽高兴地跳起来。
→ ， she jumped with
delight.（instant）
→ ， she jumped with
delight.（instantly）
The instant Mary caught sight of the score　
Instantly Mary caught sight of the score　
approve v.赞成，同意；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
【教材原句】　This was a big decision for me and I made it without
asking my parents （although I knew they would approve）.
这对我来说是一个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见
（虽然我知道他们会同意的）。
【用法】
（1）approve sth　　批准/通过某事
approve of （sb/sb’s） doing sth　　同意/赞成（某人）做某事
（2）approval n.　　赞成，同意；批准，通过，认可
win/earn sb’s approval　　赢得某人的同意/赞成/认可
【佳句】　We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.
如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。（感谢信）
【点津】　“同意/赞成某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I would appreciate it if my application could get your
（approve）.
②He told his plan to his friends， most of whom approved of
him （carry） it out immediately.
approval　
carrying　
【写美】　补全句子
③至于我，我赞成这项禁令。限塑令使中国符合日益增长的减少塑料
袋使用的国际趋势。（环境保护）
As for me， . The ban on plastic bags brings
China in line with a growing international trend to cut plastic bag use.
I approve of the ban　
no doubt无疑地；必定
【教材原句】　Of course， I would like to have more freedom with
money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point ...
虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由，而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间
获得一张信用卡……
【用法】
（1）doubt v.　　　怀疑，不确定；不信任
n.　　怀疑，不确定
doubt whether/if ...　　怀疑是否……（用于肯定句）
doubt that ...　　怀疑（用于否定句或疑问句）
（2）beyond/without/out of doubt　　毫无疑问/确实地
【佳句】　No doubt that the Earth is becoming warmer and that it is
human activities that have caused the global warming.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，正是人类活动导致了全球变暖。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is no doubt you can get along well with them.
②There is some doubt John will come on time.
③ doubt these rumours added further fuel to the
flames.
that　
whether/if　
Without/Beyond　
【写美】　补全句子
④我丝毫都不怀疑我们对环境的污染是不可挽回的。（环境保护）
I we are polluting the
environment beyond redemption.
have no doubt that/don’t doubt that　
assume vt.认为；假定，假设
【教材原句】　I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that
I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18， but how
wrong I was！
我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公
寓，我是多么异想天开呀！
【用法】
（1）assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ...　　　一般认为……
（2）assumption n.　　假定，假设
make an assumption　　认为；假定
（3）assuming/assume that ...　　假设/假定……
【佳句】　She assumed that her parents would feel proud of her great
talent.
她认为她的父母会为她的才华感到骄傲。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on
the （assume） you’ve made.
assumption　
【写美】　补全句子
②人们普遍认为我们应该保护好这些古建筑。（报道）
we should well preserve these ancient
buildings.
It is generally assumed that　
suitable adj.合适的
【教材原句】　Choose another suitable title for the passage and give
your reasons.
为这篇文章选择另一个合适的标题并给出你的理由。
【用法】
（1）be suitable for　　 　适合……
be suitable to do sth　　适合做某事
（2）suit v.　　适合（某人）；适宜；满足（某人）需要；合（某
人）心意
suit ...to ...　　使……适合……
（3）suit n.　　西装，套装
【佳句】　Please let me know what time suits you best. I am available
anytime next weekend.
请告诉我什么时间最适合你。下周末我什么时候都有空。（道歉信）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A good teacher should suit his lessons the age of his students.
②Having qualifications to teach golf，I am greatly convinced that I am
suitable （act） as a coach in your club.
to　
to act　
【写美】　补全句子
③因为我流利的英语，我相信我适合这个志愿者工作。
Because of my fluent English， I am convinced that I
the volunteer work.
am suitable for　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as if引导状语从句或表语从句
【教材原句】　I expected to feel instantly different， as if I had closed
the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，
踏进一个全新的成人世界。
【用法】
as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，既可以引导表语从句也可以引导状
语从句。
（1）如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能
发生的，句子要用陈述语气。
（2）如果as if/though所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句
的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（从句
中be动词常用were）；
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
【点津】　当as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且
从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可以省略，后面直
接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。
【写美】　微写作
①当一支铅笔部分放入水中时，它看起来好像断了一样。
When a pencil is partly put into water， it looks
.
②他张了张嘴，似乎要对我说些什么，然后摇头走开了。（动作
链描写）
He opened his mouth and then went
away， shaking his head.
as if/though it were
broken　
as if to say something to me　
③他凝视着她，愣住了。他觉得好像他的心都不跳了。
He stared at her， shocked. He felt
.
④看天空中的云！看起来好像要下雨了。
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks .
as if/though his heart had
stopped　
as if/though it is going to rain　
the way 作先行词的定语从句
【教材原句】　Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed
me. 满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。
【用法】
（1）句中that society viewed me为定语从句，修饰先行词the way；
从句引导词为that，在从句中作状语。
（2）way（方式，方法）后的定语从句的引导词有两种：
①在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语，要用that
或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略。
②在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导
定语从句，也可以省略引导词。
【品悟】　I don’t like the way （that/in which） you talk to the
librarian of our university library. 我不喜欢你和我们大学图书馆的图书
馆管理员说话的方式。
【写美】　句型转换/微写作
①The way that the professor explained the question was quite simple.
→The way the professor explained the question was quite
simple.
②近年来，人们生活中的交流方式发生了巨大的变化。我们也需要改
变我们思考问题的方式。
Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s
lives in recent years.We also need to change the way
.
③他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
was quite simple.
in which　
（that/in which）
we think about matters　
The way （which/that） he explained to us　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. Respecting others is a （美德） and being respected is a
great pleasure.
2. It was （自私的） of Mary to ask you to pick her up at the
airport when you were sick.
3. The application of intelligent robots in libraries makes the job
of （图书馆管理员） easier and easier.
virtue　
selfish　
librarians　
4. Undoubtedly， it is not （合法的） for restaurants to hire
teenagers under 16 years old in China.
5. Last year I passed the driving test and got a driving （执
照）.
6. The two women used some blankets to cover the injured， while others
were waiting for the （救护车） to arrive.
7. Mr White’s short-term aim is to make more money and pay off the
home （贷款） as soon as possible.
legal　
licence　
ambulance　
loan　
8. Having turned 18， I feel I’m m enough to be independent of
my parents.
9. Costs should be kept to a m ， but the quality must be
guaranteed.
10. Nowadays few people are able to maintain friendships into
a .
ature　
inimum　
dulthood　
维度二：词形转换
1. The company’s （commit） to providing quality at
a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
2. Being the world’s first astronaut， Gagarin （instant）
became an international celebrity.
3. Helen is not （suit）for being the monitor because she is
not very popular with her classmates.
4. Many contestants are evaluated by the （approve） they
get through online voting， ignoring their true quality.
commitment　
instantly　
suitable　
approval　
5. It’s （legal） to hunt and kill rare animals.
6. We are （gradual） changing over to a completely
metric system.
7. During his （elect） campaign he promised to put the
economy back on its feet.
8. The economy of China has developed （steady） in recent
years.
illegal　
gradually　
election　
steadily　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （每天早上锻炼） helps make us
healthy.
2. She doesn’t consider that I （在这件事
上有发言权）.
3. （无疑地） Lisa is a top student， and she has set a
good example for the others in our class.
4. As an adult， you should （为……负责）
what you have done.
Taking exercise every morning　
have a say on the matter　
No doubt　
take responsibility for　
5. My mother was very angry yesterday
（好像我犯了一个大错误）.
6. Plenty of students do not like
（父母对他们说话的方式）.
as if I had made a big
mistake　
the way （that/in which） their parents
talk to them　
维度四：课文语法填空
　　In most countries， turning 18 1. （mark） the start of
adulthood.In this passage， three young people tell us 2.
turning 18 means， or meant， to them.
marks　
what　
　　16-year-old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough
3. （vote） in the election and have a say on how the
government spends the taxes.Though Bethany’s mum， an ambulance
driver， worries about her 4. （be） behind the wheel，
Bethany thinks she can take 5. （responsible） for her
life and the lives of other people.
to vote　
being　
responsibility　
Lin Ning， 19-year-old from Shanghai in China， celebrated his 18th
birthday just before he 6. （go） to university.He expected to
feel 7. （instant） different， but it wasn’t like that.In
fact， the change has been more gradual and subtle than he
imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be， he has
begun to feel more aware 8. other people and to develop a stronger
sense of social responsibility.
went　
instantly　
of　
Morgan， 20-year-old from Florida in the US， used to believe he
should become 9. （independence） at the age of
18， but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes
to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive， he
finds 10. hard to save any money.
more independent　
it　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his
study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he
put his personal items away： his watch， wallet， comb and car keys.
They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
　　Dad’s comb was jade green.I heard he bought it when he married
Mum.Every night， he would smile， hand me the comb and say， “Be
a good girl and help Daddy clean it， OK？”
　　I was more than happy to do it.At age five， this kind of task brought
me such joy.I would excitedly turn the tap on， and then brush the comb
with a used toothbrush as hard as I could.Satisfied that I’d done a good
job， I would proudly return the comb to Dad.He would smile at me，
and place the comb on top of his wallet.
　　About two years later， Dad left his sales job and started his own
wholesale business.I started primary school.That was when things started
to change.Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well， and our stable lives
started getting shaky.He didn’t come home as much as he used to.And
when he did come home， it was always late and I’d already be in bed.I
started to get mad.Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old
job？ Why did he take the risk and place the whole family in trouble？
Over the years， I stopped waiting for him to come home， and stopped
going downstairs to check on him.
　　Now 28， I’ve graduated from college and got a job.Dad’s
business has also started to get back on track.Yet the uncomfortable
silence between Dad and me went on.
　　Two days before my birthday last year， Dad came home early.On
that evening， I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual.When I
turned to leave， he asked me to clean his comb.I looked at him for a
while， then took the comb and headed to the sink.
　　It was the same comb.After cleaning it， I passed it back to Dad.He
looked at it and smiled.But this time， I noticed something different.My
dad had aged.He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled， yet his
smile was still as heart-warming as before.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作
者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变
得更好，辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了。作者长大找到了一份
工作后最终理解了父亲。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作
者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变
得更好，辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了。作者长大找到了一份
工作后最终理解了父亲。
1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs？
A. The author would study with Dad every evening.
B. The precious green comb of Dad was made of jade.
C. The earliest memories with Dad were full of joy.
D. The author was unwilling to clean the comb for Dad.
解析：　细节理解题。根据前三段内容尤其是第三段中的I was
more than happy to do it.At age five， this kind of task brought me
such joy.可知，作者小时候与父亲的相处是非常愉快的。
2. What probably made Dad decide to start his own business？
A. He was eager to get everything on track.
B. He wanted to keep his family life stable.
C. He was laid off and had to make a living.
D. He hoped to earn a better life for the family.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Dad’s business wasn’t
doing so well， and our stable lives started getting shaky.可知，作者
一家之前的生活是稳定的，后来爸爸为了让家庭生活变得更好，因
此辞职创业。
3. What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with
Dad these years？
A. Cheerful→mad→warm.
B. Mad→satisfied→warm.
C. Satisfied→worried→angry.
D. Warm→concerned→uncomfortable.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的I was more than happy to
do it.和第四段中的I started to get mad.以及最后一段中的yet his
smile was still as heart-warming as before可推知，作者这些年和爸爸
在一起的情感变化是“快乐→生气→温暖”。
4. Which could be the best title for the text？
A. My Dad’s Comb
B. Dad’s Wholesale Business
C. Changes of My Dad
D. My Earliest Memories with Dad
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以一把梳子为线索，
讲述了作者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸为了让家
庭生活变得更好，辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了。作者长大找
到了一份工作后最终理解了父亲。因此C项（父亲的变化）为本文
最佳标题。
B
　　In a new study of more than 50，000 Korean adolescents， those
who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of
adverse mental health and substance use.Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha
of Hanyang University Medical Center， Korea， and colleagues
presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on 6
December 2023.
　　Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents
has increased in recent years， and that this usage may be associated with
higher risk of adverse health， such as psychiatric disorders （精神紊
乱）， sleep issues， and eye-related problems.
　　However， growing evidence suggests that at least some daily
Internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for
adolescents.
　　To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents’
use of smartphones and health， Moon， Cha and colleagues analyzed
data on more than 50，000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in
2020.The data included the approximate number of daily hours each
participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures.
　　The researchers found that in 2020， the percentage of adolescents in
the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7
percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017.Adolescents who used a
smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress，
thoughts of suicide， and substance use than those with usage below 4
hours per day.However， adolescents that used a smartphone 1－2 hours
per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a
smartphone at all.　
　　The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship
between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes.However， the
findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents — especially if
daily usage continues to rise.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研
究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康
和物质使用率。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研
究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康
和物质使用率。
5. What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 1 probably
mean？
A. Related. B. Negative.
C. Favorable. D. Positive.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的Adolescents who used
a smartphone ...than those with usage below 4 hours per day.可知，
画线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更
高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”。画线词adverse和negative意思
相近。
6. What can be inferred about the results of the new study？
A. Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers.
B. A growing number of teenagers use smartphones.
C. A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial.
D. The more use of smartphones， the higher risks of mental health.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，适量使用
智能手机是有益的。
7. How did researchers carry out the study？
A. By comparing different studies.
B. By studying adolescents’ health.
C. By analyzing previous information.
D. By collecting data from participants.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员通过收集
参与者的数据来进行这项研究。
8. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Smartphone Use Among Teenagers On the Rise
B. Smartphone Use Accounting for Poor Mental Health
C. Right Smartphone Use Leading to Fewer Problems in Teenagers
D. Overuse of Smartphones Linked to Mental Health Risks in Teenagers
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针
对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小
时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。因此D项（过度使用
手机与青少年心理健康风险有关）为文章最佳标题。
C
　　Does a happy person live longer？ Many studies have convinced us
that happiness brings good health， which has resulted in an increasing
demand for speakers and products encouraging positive
thinking.However， being happy does not promise that one is going to be
healthy.There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life
such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition.
　　Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be
dangerous.Positive thinking， when taken to the extreme， can cause a
person to be separated from reality.For example， a person who thinks
that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like
cancer but later fails to recover from it， may blame himself for not being
happy.In this case， positive thinking may potentially make the victim
disregard other factors.Sometimes the pursuit of happiness is even
associated with serious mental health problems such as depression.
　　All types of happiness are not good for us either.For example，
pride， a pleasant feeling， can sometimes rob us of the ability to
empathize with others or understand another’s viewpoint.This anti-social
behavior can cause people around us to turn away from us， and this
could， in turn， make us feel lonely and do harm to our mental and even
physical health.
　　Moreover， unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-
being.Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense
of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological
well-being.For example， if I have behaved badly towards my good
friend， the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize
and ask for forgiveness.The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a
lift to one’s mental well-being.
　　In trying to experience happiness， we should remember that seeking
for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating， and does not
necessarily lead to better health.After all， one will surely experience
setbacks and conflicts in life.Instead， learning to cope with negative
emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人
就会健康，还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的
基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。学会用现实的积极态度应对消
极情绪是一个人健康的关键。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人
就会健康，还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的
基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。学会用现实的积极态度应对消
极情绪是一个人健康的关键。
9. What’s the writer’s opinion in this passage？
A. Negative thinking can be dangerous.
B. Staying happy can bring good health.
C. Unpleasant feelings cannot be beneficial.
D. Happiness cannot ensure one’s good health.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者认为快乐
并不能保证一个人的健康。
10. When can positive thinking be dangerous according to the passage？
A. When we use it with a realistic attitude to solve problems.
B. When we focus on it as an only determinant of happy life.
C. When we think it one of the necessary factors for good health.
D. When we realize it may rob us of the ability to understand others.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段列举的例子可知，当我们
将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是
危险的。
11. How can unpleasant feelings be beneficial to a person’s well-being？
A. They rebuild a broken relationship.
B. They lead to self-reflection and personal growth.
C. They help keep the problems and challenges away.
D. They prevent long-term negative effects on mental health.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，不愉快的感
觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。
12. Which of the following has the similar meaning of “an end in itself”
underlined in the last paragraph？
A. An ultimate goal.
B. An individual plan.
C. A final decision.
D. A great start.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，快乐不一定会让
我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。此处与首段相呼应，
an end in itself意为“目的”，A项（一个最终目标）与画线部分
意思相近。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Living with young adults is different from living with the children
they once were. 　13　.The rules make your entire household run
well.Here are four most important rules to establish to help you and your
teens get comfortable.
　　Ask for rent or help with bills
Get them to pay the cost of living if they have an income.This lets
them contribute to the household while also saving up.But this is also an
opportunity to train them for a more independent life， where bills are a
reality.Make it clear that this isn’t a free ride.Don’t forget things like
electric or water bills. 　14　.
　　
　　 Discuss food arrangements
Tell them how much you’re willing to feed or cook for them.When
they are living alone， they’ll have to feed themselves.Will they buy
their own groceries？ Will they cook their own meals？ 　15　.Ask them
to prepare those meals for the household 2－3 nights a week.
　　Assign housework
　　 　16　.List all the tasks and choose 4－5 to assign to your
teens.Or， prepare them for independent life by letting them handle all
their own daily work： they wash their own clothes， clean their own
living space， etc.Create a schedule for when they ought to be completed.
　　 　17　
　　Let them know that they can’t hang around the house all day.It’s
time for them to contribute to the household， and that means finding
jobs， or studying to help them find work later.Suggest that they get an
entry-level， part-time job.If you’re able， offer to help them pay for
school.
A. You’ll need to set some basic rules
B. Order your young adults to go to college
C. Teach your teens to cook some basic meals
D. Encourage them to find work or get education
E. If necessary， have your teens pay their own part
F. You are providing for them as they live under your roof
G. Prepare your teens for the work involved in running a household
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四条帮助你和你的
青少年获得舒适感的重要规则。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四条帮助你和你的
青少年获得舒适感的重要规则。
13. A　下文提到The rules，空处应承接下文，A项（你需要制定一些
基本规则）符合语境。A项中的some basic rules与空后一句中的The
rules相呼应。
14. E　上文说明电费水费也需要孩子们分担，E项（如有必要，让你
的青少年自己支付）承接上文，符合语境。
15. C　上文提出了两个问题，下文提到让孩子们自己去准备饭菜，C
项（教你的青少年做一些基本的饭菜）回应了上文的问题，符合语
境，且some basic meals与下文those meals相呼应。
16. G　本段小标题Assign housework说明家长要给孩子分配任务，空
处是对小标题的进一步解释，G项（让你的青少年做好参与家庭经营
工作的准备）符合语境。
17. D　下文说明不能让孩子整天待在家里，要让他们去找工作或者
去学习，D项（鼓励他们找工作或接受教育）符合语境。
谢谢观看！

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