资源简介

UNIT 2　A life’s work
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.My Chinese teacher knew my 　　　　　（着迷） with reading and made sure I had great books to read.
2.They have just returned from 　　　　　　（遥远的） places with wonderful stories to tell.
3.People waited outside for the chance to see some 　　　　　　（名人）.
4.The 　　　　　　（食品杂货店） is not on business for the night； we’ll have to come back tomorrow.
5.The distinction between c　　　　　　 and fine art is more controversial.
6.Before going into their meeting， the six foreign ministers p　　　　　　 for photographs.
维度二：词形转换
1.The 　　　　　　（fascinate） lay in the mystery of what was inside the box.
2.In the 1980s， shoulder pads were very 　　　　（fashion） in women’s clothes.
3.He was an 　　　　　　（complicated） person who felt happy when he was with his friends and family.
4.I would like to thank all of you who made the effort.It is a relief that employees show their 　　　　　　（devote） to their jobs.
5.In American English “　　　　　　 （grocer） store” is often used to mean “supermarket”.
6.A few days later， Professor Waterman， an 　　　　　　（anthropology） from the University of California， came to see him.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Facing up to your problems 　　　　　　　　（而不是） running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
2.The newly discovered notes are 　　　　　　　（仅仅，只不过） Lang’s personal journal.
3.It is the doctors’ 　　　　　　　　（对……的奉献） the patients that makes the miracle happen.
4.You must continue to see them 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（无论你和他们之间有多大的分歧）.
5.With a different theme each year， the International Day of Families is observed with 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（广泛的活动）.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （正是在你的帮助下） I made such rapid progress in English.
维度四：课文语法填空
Bill Cunningham， who looked ordinary， was one of the 1.　　　　　 （important） American photographers of the last 50 years.What made Cunningham so great？ He usually found 2.　　　　　　 （inspire） where others could not， in simple， everyday scenes.These things were real， and it was within their reality 3.　　　　　　 Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.Through his fascination with what people 4.　　　　　　 （wear）， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it 5.　　　　　　 （belong） to the people， not just to high society and big 6.　　　　　 （brand）. Moreover， 7.　　　　　 made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， he lived a simple life.Cunningham never accepted the benefits 8.　　　　　　 （offer） to him for being a fashion photographer， which kept Cunningham 9.　　　　　　 （focus） on his craft.Cunningham’s passion 10.　　　　　　 photography lasted throughout his life.Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·河南平顶山高二上期末）Sadaf’s childhood was happy.She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends.But one day， she returned home running a high temperature.
　　“We thought it was regular flu.But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now，” she recalls.
　　Sadaf was just 10 years old then.After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir， they went to Mumbai， where an operation was performed to treat her legs.But eventually， Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around.By this time， she had to discontinue her education.
　　Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.“Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities.But he always encouraged me to dream big.I missed him.”
　　“There were days when I would end up crying all day， sitting alone in my room.I was getting into depression，” she says.
　　“By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.I chose the latter.I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something.I had just lost my ability to walk， not my ability to use my brain，” she adds.
　　That is when Sadaf decided to step up for herself.In 2015， she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight.She says，“But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association.”
　　Recently， Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley.“Today， I have established my own business without anyone’s emotional or financial support.People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair， when their educated and able-bodied children sat idly （闲散地）.Now the very same people give my example to others，” she says.
　　Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves.“If you hear others say something not so positive， you may end up depressed.Instead of living within the confines （限制） of a room， try to prove yourself，” she advises.
1.What did Sadaf lose after her father’s death？（　　）
A.Walking ability. B.Financial support.
C.Spiritual backing. D.Precious eyesight.
2.Why did Sadaf try basketball？（　　）
A.To build up her body.
B.To prove herself.
C.To win awards.
D.To pursue her dream.
3.Which of the following can best describe Sadaf？（　　）
A.Talented but inflexible.
B.Disabled but learned.
C.Independent and honest.
D.Determined and capable.
4.What message can we get from Sadaf’s story？（　　）
A.A fine example has limitless power.
B.Do not let your disability rule you.
C.Encouragement is the source of power.
D.Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
B
　　Over the past three years， Kang Jian has created more than 400 dough sculptures （面塑） and become a city-level inheritor （传承人） of this intangible cultural heritage in Mohe， Heilongjiang Province.
　　“When I was a little boy， every time my parents made dumplings， they would give me a small piece of dough，” he said.“I tried to make various animals — a rabbit， a fish， or a snail.The small， simple objects brought me lots of good childhood memories and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.” Kang’s parents were not financially （财务上） able to support his desire to study fine arts while he was at school.But he didn’t give up.He spent his spare time after school studying drawing by himself.
　　Then， in December 2018， during a visit to a museum in Beijing， Kang， for the first time， got information about the intangible cultural heritage of dough sculpting， which attracted him greatly.“I was really excited to learn about dough sculpting，” he said.“Then I had the idea of taking my childhood interest up again.” He then spent 20 days learning skills from Bai Chunyu， a provincial-level inheritor of dough sculpting.And in August 2019， he got the chance to learn from another national-level inheritor.
　　Kang spent nearly all his spare time practicing， hoping to improve quickly.“To learn as much as possible during my 40 days there， I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night，” he said.“When I slept， I had to put my hands in hot water to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.”
　　In April， Kang completed the dough sculptures of 108 characters from the novel Outlaws of the Marsh after 16 months of work.“Most of my dough sculptures are traditional Chinese characters.In my mind， the real value of my dough sculpture as a national intangible cultural heritage lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture.That’s the charm and significance of the art，” he said.
5.What inspired Kang to have the dream of dough sculpting？（　　）
A.His talent for drawing.
B.His admiration for Bai’s skills.
C.His parents’ encouragement and support.
D.His childhood experiences with dough.
6.What did Kang do to learn dough sculpting？（　　）
A.He sought guidance from masters.
B.He paid frequent visits to museums.
C.He got formal training at an art school.
D.He sought help from many sculpting lovers.
7.What does Kang probably think of his learning of dough sculpting？（　　）
A.Tiring but rewarding.
B.Costly and stressful.
C.Effective and smooth.
D.Boring but productive.
8.Why does Kang like making dough sculptures of Chinese characters？（　　）
A.To get more recognition.
B.To attract more enthusiasts.
C.To better express Chinese culture.
D.To improve skills with familiar characters.
C
　　Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career， some people complain like this： Those tests are so stupid. When I was in the sixth grade， I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer. While I don’t think I would be a very good farmer， the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit. At the time， it seemed unreasonable — I hated the outdoors and physical activities. Now， I think it might have had some points that fit my personality： I like planning （good for planning how to grow crops）， working by myself （for those long days on an agricultural machine）， and sometimes working on a team （for harvest time）.
Watch out for any personality test that claims to be able to tell you what your dream job is by the type of animal you’d like to be， or from your favourite breakfast food as a child. While there are many personality assessments that are accurate， I’d like to say that they are a second step. The best choice is self-assessment.
Before finding ways to know your work preferences， it’s important to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work. I once met a third-year marine biology student at a large state school in Ohio. He was placed into the Whale Watch Program， where he found out that he became violently seasick on any kind of boat — a big disadvantage for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild.
The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of your favourites. If that career doesn’t exist， my advice would be to take the job where there is a skill match. In this way， you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job and perhaps become interested in it.
9.What is some people’s opinion on choosing a career through personality tests？（　　）
A.It’s possible to lead to career failure.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s unreasonable.
D.It’s worth a try.
10.What does the author think of the personality test she took when she was young？（　　）
A.She admits it forecasts her present job accurately.
B.She thinks it shows some parts of her personality.
C.She finds it helpless for her.
D.She has little interest in it.
11.What is the best way to know your dream job？（　　）
A.Taking personality tests on your favourite things.
B.Doing accurate personality assessments.
C.Trying your dream job in practice.
D.Finding it out by yourself.
12.Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job？（　　）
A.Because he disliked the job.
B.Because he felt sea sick traveling on a boat.
C.Because he was afraid of marine animals.
D.Because he knew little about his preferences.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　In science， advances are a daily occurrence， but true breakthroughs are rare.What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs？ Some are the result of a lucky accident， combined with curiosity.Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road， one they have never planned to travel — a road that may well lead nowhere.
　　13.（　　） One day， usually initially in their career， they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about.It’s crazy， they say to themselves， but is it really impossible？ They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work， and how damaging this could be to their career.Yet， the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere.14.（　　）
　　Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel， they often endure disinterest， like Fleming， who discovered penicillin （青霉素） due to lucky accidents and curiosity， or repeated skepticism and rejection， like Karikó， who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience.By bringing their dreams to life， they were rewarded with fame， wealth and something even more valuable.15.（　　）
　　Of course， the obsession （痴迷） with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists.16.（　　） Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they have predicted it.In the end， their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts.For those dreamers on the right track， they would have achieved their dreams — if only they had done the experiment a little differently， if only they had persisted a little longer， or if only the support for their work had not run out.
　　Ultimately， scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers， recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs.17.（　　） Above all， the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas， though brilliant， in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to back down and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them， millions of people around the world avoid getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-rays and vaccines.
G.However， the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.fascination　2.faraway　3.celebrities　4.grocery　5.craft
6.posed
维度二
1.fascination　2.fashionable　3.uncomplicated　4.devotion
5.grocery　6.anthropologist
维度三
1.rather than
2.nothing more than
3.devotion to
4.no matter how much you may disagree with them
5.a wide range of events
6.It was with your help that
维度四
1.most important　2.inspiration　3.that　4.were wearing　5.belonged　6.brands　7.what　8.offered　9.focused　10.for
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.以及第七段中的But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.可知，Sadaf试着打篮球是为了证明自己。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第七至九段可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力。因此用“有决心，有能力”描述Sadaf最好。
4.B　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段内容可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The small， simple objects ...and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.可知，康健儿时捏面团的经历激发了他后来学习面塑的兴趣。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的learning skills from Bai Chunyu和another national-level inheritor 可知，康健利用业余时间抓住机会，向其他面塑传承人学习面塑技艺。
7.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night ...to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.可推知，康健觉得自己学习面塑的过程虽然很辛苦但很值得做。
8.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的the real value ...lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture可知，康健认为将面塑做成中国传统民间故事中的形象有助于中国文化的表达和传播。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，他们认为通过个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit以及I think it might have had some points that fit my personality可知，作者认为该测试结果与她性格的某些方面相符。
11.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，想要寻找到梦想的工作，只能通过自己，只有了解了自己，才能找到适合自己的工作。
12.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
13.E　根据第一段第二至三句可知，获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢？有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。E项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）与第一段相呼应，符合语境。
14.F　本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破，所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后，还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果（这是重点）。F项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）与上句构成转折关系，与前面“一无所获”的结果相反，符合语境。
15.D　上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素，卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能，通过实现自己的梦想，这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项（因为他们，全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡）符合语境。
16.B　空前一句谈到：对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报，空后两句谈到：结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终，他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀。B项（他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的）与上下文关系密切，符合语境。
17.G　根据空前一句可知，归根结底，只有社会愿意投资于梦想家，认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破，科学突破才有可能实现；根据空后一句可知，最重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界。G项（然而，带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报）符合语境，与空前一句形成转折，同时，与下文形成递进关系。
1 / 3Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Life Behind the Lens①
[1]A white-haired② old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York， always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him， you’d never think there was anything remarkable③ about him.And yet④ every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than⑤ to pose⑥ for this man.
　　[1]本句采用了照片说明文字的描写方式，突出了人物形象特征。
This ordinary-looking⑦ man was Bill Cunningham， one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
What made Cunningham so great？ It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive，technologically-advanced⑧ equipment.Cunningham always used simple， relatively⑨cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York， not in a studio.[2]Nor was it a wide range of⑩ contacts and connections.[3]Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening， Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not， in simple， everyday scenes， such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store， or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway.[4]These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.[5]Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people， not just to high society and big brands.
　　[2]本句为倒装句。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
[3]Although引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句。
[4]本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型。
[5]and连接分别由what和who引导的并列的宾语从句；破折号后是插入语，起解释说明作用。
Moreover， [6]what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.[7]He would even stay outside in a storm， not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.[8]This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This is what makes them so special.
　　[6]what引导主语从句；and连接并列的表语；he put into his work为省略了关系词的定语从句。
[7]本句含有until引导的时间状语从句，not ...until ...“直到……才……”。
[8]句中两个what均引导表语从句。
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated .He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.[9]He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone， no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party， he was there to work rather than have fun .“Money’s the cheapest thing，” he once said， then added： “...freedom is the most expensive.” [10] This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft ， enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style.
　　[9]本句为主从复合句。no matter how引导让步状语从句；and连接并列谓语；he was offered为定语从句。
[10]句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style为动词-ing短语作结果状语。
Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.He was 87 when he passed away， and had been working right up until his last illness.Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer — he was a “cultural anthropologist ”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.Bill Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed ， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
【读文清障】
①lens n.（照相机、摄像机的） 镜头
②white-haired adj.白发苍苍的
③remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的，引人注目的
④yet conj.然而
⑤nothing more than
仅仅，只不过
⑥pose v.（使）摆好姿势
pose for （为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
⑦ordinary-looking adj.相貌平平的，看起来普普通通的
⑧technologically-advanced
adj.技术先进的
⑨relatively adv.相对的
⑩a wide range of
各种各样的
contact n.人际关系；联系；接触
fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的
photograph v.拍照，照相
as much as 和……一样多
inspiration n.灵感
grocery n.食品杂货店
fascination n.着迷，迷恋
fascination with
对……入迷/着迷
devotion n.奉献；专心
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
put ...into
将……投入……
take off 休假，休息
not once 从未，从来没有
reflect v.反映
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
benefit n.好处，益处
integrity n.正直；诚实
destination n.目的地，终点
rather than 而不是
have fun 玩得开心
focus on 专注于
craft n.（某一行业所需的）技能
capture v.捕捉
passion n.酷爱；热衷的爱好（或活动等）
passion for
对……的热爱/酷爱
more than 不仅仅；不止
anthropologist n.人类学家
observe v.观察（到）；注视
【参考译文】
镜头背后的人生
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
　　是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他用了昂贵、技术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，他所有照片的拍摄地都是纽约的街道，而不是摄影棚。也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中得到其他人无法得到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。不管天气如何，坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
　　作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
　　坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does Cunningham think of fashion？（　　）
A.High society is the source of fashion.
B.The celebrities are the symbol of fashion.
C.Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion.
D.Big brands tend to be fashionable.
2.Why do people like and respect Cunningham？（　　）
A.He was expert at finding beauty in ordinary people.
B.He didn’t accept any benefits for being a fashion photographer.
C.He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
D.He always ate the same meal of sausages and eggs.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.Cunningham’s skills of taking photos.
B.Cunningham’s attitude towards people.
C.Cunningham’s devotion to his job.
D.Cunningham’s concerns about weather.
4.Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？（　　）
A.He reflected his culture in photography.
B.He focused on people in his photos.
C.He was interested in the photography culture.
D.He recorded the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham’s words “Money’s the cheapest thing”？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.If you were to write about Bill Cunningham， which aspect would you choose？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although引导　　　　　　从句，where引导宾语从句，in the poor Bronx和in rich Manhattan为介词短语作　　　　，分别修饰people和VIPs。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导　　　　从句，he put into his work为省略了关系代词的　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
句式分析 句中no matter how ...为“no matter＋疑问词”引导的　　　　　　从句，he was offered为　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
a wide range of 各种不同的，大范围的
【教材原句】　Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。
【用法】
（1）range n.　 　种类，（变化或浮动的）范围
within/in range of 在……可及的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
（2）range v. （在一定范围内）变化；包括（各种不同的人或物）
range from ...to ... 从……到……变化
range between ...and ... 在……与……之间变化
【佳句】　Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day， such as leftover food， waste paper and plastic bottles， which brings a wide range of environmental problems.
我们学校每天都会产生很多垃圾，比如剩饭、废纸和塑料瓶，这带来了广泛的环境问题。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Activities there range 　　　　　　whale watching 　　　　hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
②The girl liked the new dress so much， but the price of the dress was really 　　　　　　her range.
③The temperature in Kunming usually ranges between 15 ℃ 　　　　25 ℃.That’s why it is called “the Spring City”.
【写美】　补全句子
④In addition to these traditional activities， we have 　　　　　　　　　choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多选择，比如旅游和走亲访友。
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
【教材原句】　Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ...他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）have a fascination for 　对……有吸引力
（2）fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的
（3）be fascinated with/by 对……着迷；被……
所吸引
be fascinated to do sth 痴迷于做某事
【佳句】　If you look back on history， you will certainly be fascinated with/by many customs and cultures.
如果你回顾历史，你肯定会被许多风俗习惯和文化所吸引。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you want to see this 　　　　　　（fascinate） river， then come to the Yellow River Scenic Area.
②Taking a book off the shelf， he found himself 　　　　　　（fascinate）， not with the words of the book， but with the notes penciled in the margin.
③Some people like to collect foreign stamps or coins， yet others are fascinated 　　　　　（collect） seashells or rare stones.
fashion n.时尚；时兴；流行款式
【教材原句】　...he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ...
……他向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）come into fashion 成为时尚，变得流行起来
be in fashion 正流行
（go） out of fashion 过时
（2）fashionable adj. 流行的，时兴的，时髦的
【佳句】　I am writing to invite you to the fashion show to be held in our school hall on 20 June， in which all the clothing in the show will be made from waste products.
我写信邀请你参加6月20日在学校礼堂举行的时装表演，表演中所有的衣服都是用废品做的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He shouldn’t have spent as much as 20 dollars buying some clothes that are out 　　　　　　fashion.
②This is a very small shop but there are so many 　　　　　　（fashion） clothes in it.
【写美】　一句多译
③据说这种款式的帽子今年又流行起来了。
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　again this year.
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　again this year.
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
（1）devotion n.　　　　献身，奉献；忠诚；挚爱
（2）devote v. 献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to （doing） sth
＝be devoted to （doing） sth 致力于（做）某事
devote ...to ... 把……用于……；献身；致力；专心
（3）devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
【佳句】　Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的热爱是非常鼓舞人心的。
【点津】　devote是及物动词，常接表示时间、精力、生命等的抽象名词作宾语，而“专心”和“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出，to后接名词或动词-ing形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We should think of him as a shining example of devotion 　　　　　　duty.
②His spirit of 　　　　　　（devote） sets him apart from other doctors.
③He wanted to devote his energies to 　　　　　　（write） novels.
④He has been a 　　　　　　（devote） fan of Lionel Messi since he knew what football game is.
【写美】　一句多译
⑤她深爱着她的教育事业。
→She shows 　　　　　　her career in education.
→She 　　　　　　　　　　her career in education.
→She 　　　　　　　　　　her career in education.
put ...into ...将……投入……
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
put up 　　　　建造，搭起；张贴；举起，挂起；提高（价格）；留宿
put down 写下，记下；放下；镇压
put off 推迟；延迟
put aside 把……放一边；搁置，不考虑
【佳句】　The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people put the things they learn into practice.
成功者和失败者之间的区别是成功者将他们所学的东西付诸实践。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On Christmas Eve， the whole family helped to put 　　　　　　the Christmas tree， the decorations and the balloons.
②I put 　　　　　　half an hour every day to write my diary.
③We will put 　　　　　　the picnic in the park until next week， when the weather may be better.
④I decided to put more time and energy 　　　　　　my work in the coming year.So that I could got a pay rise.
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
【教材原句】　Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
【用法】
approach v.　接近，靠近
n. 接近；方法，途径
an approach to （doing） sth （做）某事的方法
with the approach of 随着……的来临/临近
【佳句】　The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
【点津】　“做某事的方法”的表达：
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【生义】　approach作动词时，还可意为“处理，对付”。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Due to the new approach， wheat production has risen over the years. 　　　　　　　
②As we were approaching the farm， we saw a dim figure. 　　　　　　　
③Do you know the best way of approaching the problem？ 　　　　　　　
④It’s time that we adopted different approaches to 　　　　　　（solve） the problem.
【写美】　一句多译
⑤随着考试的临近，很多学生表现出焦虑的迹象。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach n.）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach v.）
passion for 对……的热爱/酷爱
【教材原句】　Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。
【用法】
（1）passion n.　热情，激情；酷爱
with passion 热情洋溢地，充满激情地
have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好；酷爱
（2）passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的
　酷爱……
（3）passionately adv. 充满热情地；激动地
【佳句】　Anton has had a consuming passion for science fiction ever since he was a pupil.
自从安东是一名小学生时，他就对科幻小说痴迷不已。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I have a great passion 　　　　　　English.
②Employees who are passionate 　　　　　their jobs tend to be more productive.
【写美】　一句多译
③他是一个非常棒的人，他激情四射地谈论科学。
→He was such a great guy and he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（passionately）
→He was such a great guy and he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（passion）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
【教材原句】　These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
【用法】
该句是强调句，强调的是地点状语within their reality。强调句需要注意以下几点：
（1）强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。
（2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？
（3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分？
（4）not ... until ... 结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分。
【品悟】　It was the kindness of people that lit the light of hope in this little boy’s heart.
正是人们的善良在这个小男孩的心中点亮了希望之光。
【点津】　It is/was ...that/who ...只是一个框架结构，不充当任何句子成分，所以去掉这个框架之后，剩下的部分仍能组成一个语法结构完整的句子。
【写美】　微写作
①就是在这一刻我意识到我不得不与我的学校、我的同学们和我的老师们说再见了。（心理描写）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I realize that I have to say good-bye to my school， my classmates and my teachers.
②正是幽默风趣的王老师让我喜欢上了物理课。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 made me like physics class.
③是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mr Smith got angry？
④你是如何这么快完成这项任务的？
　　　　　　　　　　 you managed to finish the task so quickly？
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers　2.fashion　3.uncomplicated　4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4　CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
　（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语　定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语　定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语　定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to　②beyond　③and　④a wide range of
2.①fascinating　②fascinated　③to collect
3.①of　②fashionable　③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to　②devotion　③writing　④devoted　⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up　②aside　③off　④into
6.①n.方法　②v.靠近　③v.处理，对付　④solving　⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for　②about　③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
　①It is at this moment that　②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that　③Was it because Jack came late for school that　④How was it that
11 / 11(共120张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Life Behind the Lens①
[1]A white-haired② old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the
streets of New York， always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and
simple black running shoes. If you saw him， you’d never think there
was anything remarkable③ about him.And yet④ every member of New
York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than⑤ to pose⑥ for this
man.
　　[1]本句采用了照片说明文字的描写方式，突出了人物形象
特征。
【读文清障】
①lens n.（照相机、摄像机的）镜头
②white-haired adj.白发苍苍的
③remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的，引人注目的
④yet conj.然而
⑤nothing more than 仅仅，只不过
⑥pose v.（使）摆好姿势
pose for （为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
What made Cunningham so great？ It certainly wasn’t the use of
expensive，technologically-advanced⑧ equipment.Cunningham always
used simple， relatively⑨cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the
streets of New York， not in a studio.[2]Nor was it a wide range of⑩
contacts and connections.[3]Although he always knew where
fashionable parties and events were happening， Cunningham liked to
photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich
Manhattan.
This ordinary-looking⑦ man was Bill Cunningham， one of the most
important American photographers of the last 50 years.
He found inspiration where others could not， in simple， everyday
scenes， such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store， or a
woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway.[4]These things were
real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and
potential.[5]Through his fascination with what people were wearing，
and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone —
fashion as he saw it belonged to the people， not just to high society and
big brands.
　　[2]本句为倒装句。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分
倒装。
[3]Although引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句。
[4]本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型。
[5]and连接分别由what和who引导的并列的宾语从句；破折号后是插入语，起解释说明作用。
⑦ordinary-looking adj.相貌平平的，看起来普普通通的
⑧technologically-advanced adj.技术先进的
⑨relatively adv.相对的
⑩a wide range of各种各样的
contact n.人际关系；联系；接触
fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的
photograph v.拍照，照相
as much as 和……一样多
inspiration n.灵感
grocery n.食品杂货店
fascination n.着迷，迷恋
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
Moreover， [6]what made Cunningham great was his devotion to
photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into
his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each
and every day， regardless of the weather.[7]He would even stay outside
in a storm， not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He
hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.[8]This
devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This
is what makes them so special.
　　[6]what引导主语从句；and连接并列的表语；he put into his work
为省略了关系词的定语从句。
[7]本句含有until引导的时间状语从句，not ...until ...“直
到……才……”。
[8]句中两个what均引导表语从句。
devotion n.奉献；专心
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
put ...into将……投入……
take off 休假，休息
not once 从未，从来没有
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer，
Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated .He lived in a
small apartment with a shared washroom.A simple restaurant was where
he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a
fashion photographer.[9]He valued his integrity and would not be
bought by anyone， no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway
destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party， he was
there to work rather than have fun .“Money’s the cheapest thing，”
he once said， then added： “...freedom is the most expensive.”
[10] This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on
his craft ， enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style.
　　[9]本句为主从复合句。no matter how引导让步状语从句；and连接并列谓语；he was offered为定语从句。
[10]句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋
宾语补足语”结构。enabling him to capture New York’s unique street
style为动词-ing短语作结果状语。
reflect v.反映
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
benefit n.好处，益处
integrity n.正直；诚实
destination n.目的地，终点
rather than 而不是
have fun 玩得开心
focus on 专注于
craft n.（某一行业所需的）技能
capture v.捕捉
Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his
life.He was 87 when he passed away， and had been working right up
until his last illness.Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he
wanted.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer — he
was a “cultural anthropologist ”， who we can thank for recording the
life of a whole city and its people over half a century.Bill Cunningham
was an observer， and not one of the observed ， a worker not a star —
and this was how he wanted it.
passion n.酷爱；热衷的爱好（或活动等）
passion for 对……的热爱/酷爱
more than 不仅仅；不止
anthropologist n.人类学家
observe v.观察（到）；注视
【参考译文】
镜头背后的人生
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑
鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你不会
觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个
人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重
要的摄影师之一。
是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他用了昂贵、技
术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，他所有照片
的拍摄地都是纽约的街道，而不是摄影棚。也不是因为他交友广泛，
识人无数。虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论
是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵
宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中得到其他人无法得
到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满
涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安
看到了美好和潜力。
他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向
所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于
上流社会和大品牌。
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在
工作中投入的大量时间和精力。不管天气如何，坎宁安每天都会走上
纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已
经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待
在家中。我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这
些照片如此与众不同的原因。
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并
不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简
单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
　　作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他
珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或
远程航班。而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。
“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自
身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到
纽约独特的街头风格。
　　坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直
到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的
辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学
家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比
尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是
一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly
and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does Cunningham think of fashion？（　　）
A. High society is the source of fashion.
B. The celebrities are the symbol of fashion.
C. Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion.
D. Big brands tend to be fashionable.
2. Why do people like and respect Cunningham？（　　）
A. He was expert at finding beauty in ordinary people.
B. He didn’t accept any benefits for being a fashion photographer.
C. He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
D. He always ate the same meal of sausages and eggs.
3. What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. Cunningham’s skills of taking photos.
B. Cunningham’s attitude towards people.
C. Cunningham’s devotion to his job.
D. Cunningham’s concerns about weather.
4. Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？
（　　）
A. He reflected his culture in photography.
B. He focused on people in his photos.
C. He was interested in the photography culture.
D. He recorded the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham’s words “Money’s
the cheapest thing”？


　In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value
money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.　
2. If you were to write about Bill Cunningham， which aspect would you
choose？



　As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion
to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build
ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.





　（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the
streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and
simple black running shoes.　
　（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and
every day， regardless of the weather.　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were
happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the
poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although引导 从句，
where引导宾语从句，in the poor Bronx和in rich Manhattan为介词短
语作 ，分别修饰people和VIPs。
自主翻译


让步状语　
定语　
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但
无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍
摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。　
2. Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his devotion to
photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into
his work.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导 从句，he put into
his work为省略了关系代词的 从句。
自主翻译

主语　
定语　
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精
神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。　
3. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of
sausages， eggs and coffee.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导 从句。
自主翻译

表语　
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡
蛋和咖啡。　
4. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter
how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was
offered.
句式分析 句中no matter how ...为“no matter＋疑问词”引导
的 从句，he was offered为 从句。
自主翻译

让步状语　
定语　
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给
他多少免费衣物或远程航班。　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
a wide range of 各种不同的，大范围的
【教材原句】　Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.也
不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。
【用法】
（1）range n.　 　　种类，（变化或浮动的）范围
within/in range of　　 在……可及的范围内
out of/beyond range of 　　超出……的范围
（2）range v.（在一定范围内）变化；包括（各种不同的人或物）
range from ...to ... 从……到……变化
range between ...and ... 在……与……之间变化
【佳句】　Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day， such as
leftover food， waste paper and plastic bottles， which brings a wide
range of environmental problems.
我们学校每天都会产生很多垃圾，比如剩饭、废纸和塑料瓶，这带来
了广泛的环境问题。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Activities there range whale watching hiking and
accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
②The girl liked the new dress so much， but the price of the dress was
really her range.
③The temperature in Kunming usually ranges between 15 ℃ 25
℃.That’s why it is called “the Spring City”.
from　
to　
beyond　
and　
【写美】　补全句子
④In addition to these traditional activities， we have
choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多选择，比如旅游和走亲访友。
a wide range of　
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
【教材原句】　Through his fascination with what people were
wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to
everyone ...
他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向
所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）have a fascination for 　　对……有吸引力
（2）fascinating adj.　　极有吸引力的
（3）be fascinated with/by　　对……着迷；被……
所吸引
be fascinated to do sth 　　痴迷于做某事
【佳句】　If you look back on history， you will certainly be fascinated
with/by many customs and cultures.如果你回顾历史，你肯定会被许多
风俗习惯和文化所吸引。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you want to see this （fascinate） river， then come
to the Yellow River Scenic Area.
②Taking a book off the shelf， he found himself
（fascinate）， not with the words of the book， but with the notes
penciled in the margin.
③Some people like to collect foreign stamps or coins， yet others are
fascinated （collect） seashells or rare stones.
fascinating　
fascinated　
to collect　
fashion n.时尚；时兴；流行款式
【教材原句】　...he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ... ……
他向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）come into fashion 　　成为时尚，变得流行起来
be in fashion 　　正流行
（go） out of fashion 　　过时
（2）fashionable adj.　　流行的，时兴的，时髦的
【佳句】　I am writing to invite you to the fashion show to be held in our
school hall on 20 June， in which all the clothing in the show will be made
from waste products.
我写信邀请你参加6月20日在学校礼堂举行的时装表演，表演中所有
的衣服都是用废品做的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He shouldn’t have spent as much as 20 dollars buying some clothes
that are out fashion.
②This is a very small shop but there are so many
（fashion） clothes in it.
of　
fashionable　
【写美】　一句多译
③据说这种款式的帽子今年又流行起来了。
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are again this year.
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are again this year.
in fashion　
fashionable　
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his
devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he
put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作
中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
（1）devotion n.　　献身，奉献；忠诚；挚爱
（2）devote v.　　献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to （doing） sth＝be devoted to （doing） sth 　　致力
于（做）某事
devote ...to ... 　　把……用于……；献身；致力；专心
（3）devoted adj.　　挚爱的；忠诚的
【佳句】　Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的热爱是非常鼓舞人心的。
【点津】　devote是及物动词，常接表示时间、精力、生命等的抽象
名词作宾语，而“专心”和“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出，to后接
名词或动词-ing形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We should think of him as a shining example of devotion duty.
②His spirit of （devote） sets him apart from other
doctors.
③He wanted to devote his energies to （write） novels.
④He has been a （devote） fan of Lionel Messi since he
knew what football game is.
to　
devotion　
writing　
devoted　
【写美】　一句多译
⑤她深爱着她的教育事业。
→She shows her career in education.
→She her career in education.
→She her career in education.
devotion to　
is devoted to　
devotes herself to　
put ...into ...将……投入……
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his
devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he
put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作
中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
put up 　　建造，搭起；张贴；举起，挂起；提高（价格）；留宿
put down 　　写下，记下；放下；镇压
put off 　　推迟；延迟
put aside 　　把……放一边；搁置，不考虑
【佳句】　The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is
that successful people put the things they learn into practice.
成功者和失败者之间的区别是成功者将他们所学的东西付诸实践。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On Christmas Eve， the whole family helped to put the
Christmas tree， the decorations and the balloons.
②I put half an hour every day to write my diary.
③We will put the picnic in the park until next week， when the
weather may be better.
④I decided to put more time and energy my work in the coming
year.So that I could got a pay rise.
up　
aside　
off　
into　
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
【教材原句】　Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer，
Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. 虽然坎宁安是一位
世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
【用法】
approach v.　　接近，靠近
n.　　接近；方法，途径
an approach to （doing） sth 　　（做）某事的方法
with the approach of 　　随着……的来临/临近
【佳句】　The school has decided to adopt a different approach to
discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
【点津】　“做某事的方法”的表达：
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【生义】　approach作动词时，还可意为“处理，对付”。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Due to the new approach， wheat production has risen over the
years. 　
②As we were approaching the farm， we saw a dim figure.

③Do you know the best way of approaching the problem？

④It’s time that we adopted different approaches to
（solve） the problem.
n.方法　
v.靠近　
v.处理，对付　
solving　
【写美】　一句多译
⑤随着考试的临近，很多学生表现出焦虑的迹象。
→ ， many students show signs of
anxiety. （approach n.）
→ ， many students show signs of
anxiety. （approach v.）
With the approach of the exam　
With the exam approaching　
passion for 对……的热爱/酷爱
【教材原句】　Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted
throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。
【用法】
【佳句】　Anton has had a consuming passion for science fiction ever
since he was a pupil.自从安东是一名小学生时，他就对科幻小说痴迷
不已。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I have a great passion English.
②Employees who are passionate their jobs tend to be more
productive.
for　
about　
【写美】　一句多译
③他是一个非常棒的人，他激情四射地谈论科学。
→He was such a great guy and he .
（passionately）
→He was such a great guy and he .
（passion）
talked about science passionately　
talked about science with passion　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成
分
【教材原句】　These things were real， and it was within their reality
that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.这些东西是真实的，在
这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
【用法】
该句是强调句，强调的是地点状语within their reality。强调句需要注
意以下几点：
（1）强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其
他成分。
（2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子
其他成分？
（3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成
分？
（4）not ... until ... 结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部
分＋that＋句子其他成分。
【品悟】　It was the kindness of people that lit the light of hope in this
little boy’s heart.
正是人们的善良在这个小男孩的心中点亮了希望之光。
【点津】　It is/was ...that/who ...只是一个框架结构，不充当任何
句子成分，所以去掉这个框架之后，剩下的部分仍能组成一个语法结
构完整的句子。
【写美】　微写作
①就是在这一刻我意识到我不得不与我的学校、我的同学们和我的老
师们说再见了。（心理描写）
I realize that I have to say good-bye to my
school， my classmates and my teachers.
②正是幽默风趣的王老师让我喜欢上了物理课。
made me like physics class.
③是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
Mr Smith got angry？
④你是如何这么快完成这项任务的？
you managed to finish the task so quickly？
It is at this moment that　
It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that　
Was it because Jack came late for school that　
How was it that　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. My Chinese teacher knew my （着迷） with reading
and made sure I had great books to read.
2. They have just returned from （遥远的） places with
wonderful stories to tell.
3. People waited outside for the chance to see some （名
人）.
fascination　
faraway　
celebrities　
4. The （食品杂货店） is not on business for the night；
we’ll have to come back tomorrow.
5. The distinction between c and fine art is more controversial.
6. Before going into their meeting， the six foreign ministers p for
photographs.
grocery　
raft　
osed　
维度二：词形转换
1. The （fascinate） lay in the mystery of what was
inside the box.
2. In the 1980s， shoulder pads were very （fashion） in
women’s clothes.
3. He was an （complicated） person who felt happy
when he was with his friends and family.
4. I would like to thank all of you who made the effort.It is a relief that
employees show their （devote） to their jobs.
fascination　
fashionable　
uncomplicated　
devotion　
5. In American English “ （grocer） store” is often used to
mean “supermarket”.
6. A few days later， Professor Waterman， an
（anthropology） from the University of California， came to see
him.
grocery　
anthropologist　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Facing up to your problems （而不是） running away
from them is the best approach to working things out.
2. The newly discovered notes are （仅仅，只不
过） Lang’s personal journal.
3. It is the doctors’ （对……的奉献） the patients that
makes the miracle happen.
4. You must continue to see them
（无论你和他们之间有多大的分歧）.
rather than　
nothing more than　
devotion to　
no matter how much you may
disagree with them　
5. With a different theme each year，the International Day of Families is
observed with （广泛的活动）.
6. （正是在你的帮助下） I made such
rapid progress in English.
a wide range of events　
It was with your help that　
维度四：课文语法填空
Bill Cunningham， who looked ordinary， was one of the 1.
（important） American photographers of the last 50
years.What made Cunningham so great？ He usually found
2. （inspire） where others could not， in simple，
everyday scenes.These things were real， and it was within their reality
3. Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.Through his
fascination with what people 4.
most
important　
inspiration　
that　
（wear）， and not who they were， he opened the doors
of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it 5. （belong）
to the people， not just to high society and big 6. （brand）.
Moreover， 7. made Cunningham great was his devotion to
photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his
work.Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， he lived a
simple life.Cunningham never accepted the benefits 8.
were wearing　
belonged　
brands　
what　
（offer） to him for being a fashion photographer， which kept
Cunningham 9. （focus） on his craft.Cunningham’s
passion 10. photography lasted throughout his life.Cunningham
was an observer， and not one of the observed， a worker not a star —
and this was how he wanted it.
offered　
focused　
for　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·河南平顶山高二上期末）Sadaf’s childhood was
happy.She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends.But one
day， she returned home running a high temperature.
　　“We thought it was regular flu.But we were told that I would not be
able to walk ever again now，” she recalls.
　　Sadaf was just 10 years old then.After the family was turned down by
doctors in Kashmir， they went to Mumbai， where an operation was
performed to treat her legs.But eventually， Sadaf had to rely on a
wheelchair to move around.By this time， she had to discontinue her
education.
　　Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”，
passed away.“Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities.But
he always encouraged me to dream big.I missed him.”
　　“There were days when I would end up crying all day， sitting alone
in my room.I was getting into depression，” she says.
　　“By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or
struggle to prove myself.I chose the latter.I wanted to prove to the world
that people like me can also achieve something.I had just lost my ability to
walk， not my ability to use my brain，” she adds.
　　That is when Sadaf decided to step up for herself.In 2015， she
opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected
her eyesight.She says，“But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I
decided to play basketball as well.I have also been awarded multiple times
by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association.”
　　Recently， Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir
valley.“Today， I have established my own business without anyone’s
emotional or financial support.People would question me what I could
achieve sitting in a wheelchair， when their educated and able-bodied
children sat idly （闲散地）.Now the very same people give my example
to others，” she says.
　　Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt
themselves.“If you hear others say something not so positive， you may
end up depressed.Instead of living within the confines （限制） of a
room， try to prove yourself，” she advises.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他
人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他
人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1. What did Sadaf lose after her father’s death？（　　）
A. Walking ability. B. Financial support.
C. Spiritual backing. D. Precious eyesight.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things worsened when her
father， her “only source of support”， passed away.可知，Sadaf
的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世
让她失去了精神支柱。
2. Why did Sadaf try basketball？（　　）
A. To build up her body.
B. To prove herself.
C. To win awards.
D. To pursue her dream.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第六段中的By now， I’ve realized
that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.以及第七
段中的But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play
basketball as well.可知，Sadaf试着打篮球是为了证明自己。
3. Which of the following can best describe Sadaf？（　　）
A. Talented but inflexible.
B. Disabled but learned.
C. Independent and honest.
D. Determined and capable.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第七至九段可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但
是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢
地证明自己的能力。因此用“有决心，有能力”描述Sadaf最好。
4. What message can we get from Sadaf’s story？（　　）
A. A fine example has limitless power.
B. Do not let your disability rule you.
C. Encouragement is the source of power.
D. Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段内容可推
知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
B
　　Over the past three years， Kang Jian has created more than 400
dough sculptures （面塑） and become a city-level inheritor （传承人）
of this intangible cultural heritage in Mohe， Heilongjiang Province.
　　“When I was a little boy， every time my parents made
dumplings， they would give me a small piece of dough，” he said.“I
tried to make various animals — a rabbit， a fish， or a snail.The small，
simple objects brought me lots of good childhood memories and planted
the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.” Kang’s
parents were not financially （财务上） able to support his desire to study
fine arts while he was at school.But he didn’t give up.He spent his spare
time after school studying drawing by himself.
　　Then， in December 2018， during a visit to a museum in Beijing，
Kang， for the first time， got information about the intangible cultural
heritage of dough sculpting， which attracted him greatly.“I was really
excited to learn about dough sculpting，” he said.“Then I had the idea
of taking my childhood interest up again.” He then spent 20 days
learning skills from Bai Chunyu， a provincial-level inheritor of dough
sculpting.And in August 2019， he got the chance to learn from another
national-level inheritor.
　　Kang spent nearly all his spare time practicing， hoping to improve
quickly.“To learn as much as possible during my 40 days there， I
practiced every day from 6 am until late at night，” he said.“When I
slept， I had to put my hands in hot water to relieve the pain.But all the
efforts turned out to be worth it.”
　　In April， Kang completed the dough sculptures of 108 characters
from the novel Outlaws of the Marsh after 16 months of work.“Most of
my dough sculptures are traditional Chinese characters.In my mind， the
real value of my dough sculpture as a national intangible cultural heritage
lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture.That’s the charm
and significance of the art，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧
合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧
合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
5. What inspired Kang to have the dream of dough sculpting？（　　）
A. His talent for drawing.
B. His admiration for Bai’s skills.
C. His parents’ encouragement and support.
D. His childhood experiences with dough.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The small， simple
objects ...and planted the seeds of fine art， especially
sculpture， in my heart.可知，康健儿时捏面团的经历激发了他
后来学习面塑的兴趣。
6. What did Kang do to learn dough sculpting？（　　）
A. He sought guidance from masters.
B. He paid frequent visits to museums.
C. He got formal training at an art school.
D. He sought help from many sculpting lovers.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段中的learning skills from Bai
Chunyu和another national-level inheritor 可知，康健利用业余时间抓
住机会，向其他面塑传承人学习面塑技艺。
7. What does Kang probably think of his learning of dough sculpting？
（　　）
A. Tiring but rewarding.
B. Costly and stressful.
C. Effective and smooth.
D. Boring but productive.
解析： 　观点态度题。根据第四段中的I practiced every day from
6 am until late at night ...to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned
out to be worth it.可推知，康健觉得自己学习面塑的过程虽然很辛
苦但很值得做。
8. Why does Kang like making dough sculptures of Chinese characters？
（　　）
A. To get more recognition.
B. To attract more enthusiasts.
C. To better express Chinese culture.
D. To improve skills with familiar characters.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第五段中的the real value ...lies in its
connection with traditional Chinese culture可知，康健认为将面塑做
成中国传统民间故事中的形象有助于中国文化的表达和传播。
C
　　Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career，
some people complain like this： Those tests are so stupid. When I was in
the sixth grade， I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer.
While I don’t think I would be a very good farmer， the results are
probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit. At the time， it
seemed unreasonable — I hated the outdoors and physical activities.
Now， I think it might have had some points that fit my personality： I
like planning （good for planning how to grow crops）， working by
myself （for those long days on an agricultural machine）， and
sometimes working on a team （for harvest time）.
Watch out for any personality test that claims to be able to tell you
what your dream job is by the type of animal you’d like to be， or from
your favourite breakfast food as a child. While there are many personality
assessments that are accurate， I’d like to say that they are a second
step. The best choice is self-assessment.
Before finding ways to know your work preferences， it’s important
to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work. I
once met a third-year marine biology student at a large state school in
Ohio. He was placed into the Whale Watch Program， where he found out
that he became violently seasick on any kind of boat — a big disadvantage
for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild.
The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the
tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of your favourites. If that
career doesn’t exist， my advice would be to take the job where there is
a skill match. In this way， you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job
and perhaps become interested in it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的
关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的
关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
9. What is some people’s opinion on choosing a career through
personality tests？（　　）
A. It’s possible to lead to career failure.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s unreasonable.
D. It’s worth a try.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，他们认为通过
个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。
10. What does the author think of the personality test she took when she
was young？（　　）
A. She admits it forecasts her present job accurately.
B. She thinks it shows some parts of her personality.
C. She finds it helpless for her.
D. She has little interest in it.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the results are probably a
lot more accurate than I’d like to admit以及I think it might have had
some points that fit my personality可知，作者认为该测试结果与她
性格的某些方面相符。
11. What is the best way to know your dream job？（　　）
A. Taking personality tests on your favourite things.
B. Doing accurate personality assessments.
C. Trying your dream job in practice.
D. Finding it out by yourself.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，想要寻找
到梦想的工作，只能通过自己，只有了解了自己，才能找到适合
自己的工作。
12. Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job？（　　）
A. Because he disliked the job.
B. Because he felt sea sick traveling on a boat.
C. Because he was afraid of marine animals.
D. Because he knew little about his preferences.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，这名学
生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　In science， advances are a daily occurrence， but true
breakthroughs are rare.What does it take to achieve world-changing
scientific breakthroughs？ Some are the result of a lucky accident，
combined with curiosity.Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find
reason to switch to another road， one they have never planned to
travel — a road that may well lead nowhere.
　　13. （　　） One day， usually initially in their career， they get
an idea they can’t stop thinking about.It’s crazy， they say to
themselves， but is it really impossible？ They talk to respected
colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might
not work， and how damaging this could be to their career.Yet， the idea
won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may
well lead nowhere.14.（　　）
　　Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs
travel， they often endure disinterest， like Fleming， who discovered
penicillin （青霉素） due to lucky accidents and curiosity， or repeated
skepticism and rejection， like Karikó， who made all mRNA vaccines
possible with years of persistence and resilience.By bringing their dreams
to life， they were rewarded with fame， wealth and something even more
valuable.15.（　　）
　　Of course， the obsession （痴迷） with an unlikely dream fails to
pay off for many scientists.16.（　　） Nature doesn’t turn out to
operate the way they have predicted it.In the end， their beautiful theory
is killed by brutal facts.For those dreamers on the right track， they would
have achieved their dreams — if only they had done the experiment a little
differently， if only they had persisted a little longer， or if only the
support for their work had not run out.
　　Ultimately， scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is
willing to invest in dreamers， recognizing that not all investments will
lead to major breakthroughs.17.（　　） Above all， the investments
prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A. Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B. Their ideas， though brilliant， in the end are proved wrong.
C. But they refuse to back down and struggle to find more financial
support.
D. Because of them， millions of people around the world avoid getting
sick or death.
E. Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific
idea.
F. But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-rays and
vaccines.
G. However， the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater
economic return.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的
意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有
当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来
重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
13. E　根据第一段第二至三句可知，获得改变世界的科学突破需要
什么呢？有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。E项（其他重大突破
源于科学家对特定想法的追求）与第一段相呼应，符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的
意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有
当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来
重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
14. F　本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科
学突破，所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果
后，还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果（这是重点）。F项（但有时
这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）与上句构成转折关系，与前
面“一无所获”的结果相反，符合语境。
15. D　上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素，卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗
成为可能，通过实现自己的梦想，这些科学家获得了名利和更宝
贵的东西。D项（因为他们，全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡）
符合语境。
16. B　空前一句谈到：对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能实
现的梦并没有得到回报，空后两句谈到：结果是大自然并不会像他们
预测的那样运转。最终，他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀。B项
（他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的）与上下文关系密
切，符合语境。
17. G　根据空前一句可知，归根结底，只有社会愿意投资于梦想
家，认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破，科学突破才有可能实
现；根据空后一句可知，最重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并
改变世界。G项（然而，带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报）符
合语境，与空前一句形成转折，同时，与下文形成递进关系。
谢谢观看！

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