资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.It is no use 　　　　　　（operate） on the sick man now； he should have been sent here early.
2.　　　　　　 （go） abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
3.Rachel’s father’s job is 　　　　　　（teach） maths in a high school.
4.In April， thousands of holidaymakers remained 　　　　　　（stick） abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
5.We all rely on it that respecting others is 　　　　（respect） ourselves.
6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　　　　　　（sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的面试没有通过。
2.It is our duty 　　　　　　　　　　　　and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题，看看出了什么问题。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
4.I can hardly imagine Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很难想象彼得借酒消愁。
5.Her cellphone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which made her upset.
她的手机被盗了，这使她很心烦。
6.They asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to work as teachers.
他们请求被派到中国西部去当教师。
7.His wish is 　　　　　　　　　in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　It is usual for young people and old people not 1.　　　　　　 （agree） with each other about life，work and play.But in one special program in New York State， the adults and the teenagers live in peace.Each summer， 200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.　　　　　　 （live） for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn 3.　　　　　　 （make） furniture and to build houses.The adults are 4.　　　　　　 （delight） to teach them these skills.Everyone has several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends， too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or 5.　　　　　　 （paint）.
　　It is necessary 6.　　　　　　 （make） rules when people live together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together.When someone breaks the rules， the group will discuss the problem.After the program，one of the teenagers said，“This program has taught me that I should stop 7.　　　　　　 （think） only about myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Over the past decade or so， camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to store memories and important information， and cameras help keep us safe while we are driving.Parallel parking is much easier now because cars come with rearview cameras.
　　However， up until now， cameras have also been limited.Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras.This can lead to distortion （失真）.In addition， using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted （折射） differently underwater.
　　According to Fast Company， the researchers took inspiration from nature.They began by studying the fiddler crab （招潮蟹） and its compound eye.Unlike humans， fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time， giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In addition， fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
　　Dr Fredo Durand， a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory， told Laser Focus World， “Amphibians （两栖动物） are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different visual characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
　　The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colours.
　　Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use， the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
1.Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras？（　　）
A.They can only be used underwater.
B.They occupy too much space.
C.They consist of only two cameras.
D.They cover a limited field of vision.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
3.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.Designed. B.Repaired.
C.Drowned. D.Abandoned.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the camera？（　　）
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear. D.Carefree.
B
　　In valleys with thick plants， different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan， Fujian Province.There are more than 23，000 tulou in Yongding， which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal （共有的） living and defensive organization， and， in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment， an outstanding example of the human settlement，” UNESCO said.
　　The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries， these massive communal homes were sited based on fengshui principles， which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea， tobacco， rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
　　Throughout history， tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas — migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbours， so they built their homes to double as defending.The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high.The first floor serves as the kitchen， the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical （对称的）， and their defensive features include ironclad gates， escape tunnels， narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs， and a water well.For their defensive function， only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows， which are very small.With sufficient food， the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
　　Communal living is integral to these villages， where the closed wall design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.
5.What do we know about tulou？（　　）
A.Over 23，000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23，000 tulou， only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
6.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict？（　　）
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food.
C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
7.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou？（　　）
A.Favorable. B.Unclear.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
8.Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Tulou： in Harmony with Their Environments
B.Tulou： Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou： Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou： a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Nature has a lot to offer.9.（　　）.Here are some valuable life lessons.
　　·Respect our roots.With time， a young tree grows into a full-grown one — something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree capable of supporting others.However tall it grows， its roots are firmly buried where it once took root.10.（　　）， and give something back to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
　　·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of different plants’ leaves， those brightly coloured flowers， and unique patterns on animals？With so much beauty around， who could refuse to admit that nature is the most creative artist out there？11.（　　）.Be inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
　　·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance to exist， however big or small it may be.12.（　　）.The tiger eats the antelope； without the antelope，the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise， without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to starve to death.
　　·13.（　　）.For example， the icy cold snow melts in the warmth of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves， and these leaves turn into shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile， we shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
　　What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and include her wisdom in our lives.
A.Change is constant
B.We should not forget but respect our origins
C.She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D.Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E.She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F.Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G.But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·广东潮州高二上期末）In the last 100 years， the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and 　14　 the habitat of many species of plants and animals.A（n） 　15　 of 2 ℃ in global temperatures could result in 　16　 of 30% of the world’s land species.
　　Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts 　17　 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future.　18　， areas which were land a few hundred years ago are now under water.
　　As a result of the changing 　19　， the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before.So what is 　20　 climate change？ The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere， but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me.As the 　21　 increases， more land is needed to provide food， and more energy is 　22　 too.Burning fossil fuels for heating， lighting， transport， or electricity 　23　 CO2.Furthermore， humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce oxygen — so by 　24　 trees， we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.As a result of these 　25　， CO2 levels are now at their highest for 800，000 years.
　　The biggest 　26　 we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters.We need to 　27　 burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy.If we can get enough 　28　 from renewable fuels， we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
14.（　）A.attacking B.ignoring
C.threatening D.discovering
15.（　）A.limitation B.reduction
C.increase D.improvement
16.（　）A.extinction B.escape
C.change D.development
17.（　）A.argue B.explain
C.doubt D.predict
18.（　）A.Surprisingly B.Consequently
C.Immediately D.Usually
19.（　）A.climate B.height
C.period D.environment
20.（　）A.forcing B.allowing
C.causing D.helping
21.（　）A.animal B.species
C.plant D.population
22.（　）A.wasted B.needed
C.supplied D.stored
23.（　）A.produces B.includes
C.requires D.provides
24.（　）A.transporting to B.searching for
C.planting in D.cutting down
25.（　）A.questions B.activities
C.procedures D.disasters
26.（　）A.challenge B.disadvantage
C.adventure D.influence
27.（　）A.consider B.deny
C.stop D.hate
28.（　）A.time B.energy
C.inspiration D.knowledge
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Malaindrano is a giant baobab （猴面包树） that is hollowed out （被挖空） for the storage of water， 29.　　　　　　 （exist） in the rural area in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”， 30.　　　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 31.　　　　　　（complete） filled.Even semi-full， the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 32.　　　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks， such baobab trees form a network of 33.　　　　　　（nature） water tanks.Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare， and where the little rain that falls 34.　　　　　　 （absorb） quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.In the 1920s and 1930s， thousands of people 35.　　　　　（die） because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea： hollowing out baobabs 36.　　　　　（store） water when water is abundant.A large baobab has the 37.　　　　　　（able） to store about 14，000 litres of water.Today， some 20，000 people live in the region， many of 38.　　　　　　 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.operating　2.Going　3.teaching　4.stuck　5.respecting
6.swept
维度二
1.regret to inform you
2.to analyse the problem
3.was disappointed
4.drowning his sadness in wine
5.got stolen
6.to be sent to the west of China
7.to be a doctor
维度三
1.to agree　2.living　3.to make　4.delighted　5.painting　6.to make　7.thinking
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近十年来，相机技术已经越来越多地融入我们的日常生活。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感，研究并开发了一种新款相机。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.可知，宽视野相机覆盖的视野有限。
2.B　段落大意题。第三段提到研究人员开始研究招潮蟹和它的复眼，与人类不同的是，招潮蟹可以同时向多个方向看，这给了它360度的视野。此外，招潮蟹需要在陆地和水中都能看得很清楚。由此可知，本段主要介绍了招潮蟹复眼的优点。
3.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的to test its underwater capabilities可知，为了测试相机的水下能力，要将相机浸泡在水中。design设计；repair修理；drown浸泡；abandon放弃。
4.A　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段，还没有准备好投入商业使用，但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能，来帮助提高汽车的安全性。由此可知，作者对于这款相机的态度是积极的。positive积极的；doubtful怀疑的；unclear不确定的；carefree不负责任的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，以及其建造特点、功能等。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function可知，土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。
6.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的With sufficient food， the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.可知，在长期的冲突中，对居民来说最重要的是有足够的食物。
7.A　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.可知，作者对土楼的评价是肯定的，因此作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。favorable支持的，赞同的；unclear不确定的；negative消极的；unconcerned不关心的。
8.D　标题归纳题。文章在第一段对土楼进行整体介绍，接下来介绍了土楼的建造特点、功能等。因此，D项（土楼：中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大自然给我们提供了很多东西，并且教会我们很多道理。文章列举了一些我们能从大自然中学到的道理。
9.E　根据空后的Here are some valuable life lessons.可知，E项符合语境，起承上启下的作用。
10.B　根据本段主旨句Respect our roots可推知，B项符合语境。B项中的origins呼应上文中的roots。
11.F　结合选项可知，F项承上启下，符合语境。F项中的this beautiful artist’s creation呼应上文中的nature is the most creative artist。
12.G　根据本段空后内容可知，生物间是相互依存的。故G项（但一种生物的存在依靠另一种生物的存在）符合语境。
13.A　根据本段内容可知，本段主要说明改变是不可避免且持续不断的。由此可知，A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对全球生态系统的影响和引起气候变化的原因。
14.C　根据上文causing sea levels to rise and可知，海平面上升从而威胁到了许多动植物的栖息地。attack攻击；ignore忽视；threaten威胁；discover发现。
15.C　根据上文In the last 100 years， the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.可知，本段主要讲全球气温升高的影响。因此，此处意为“全球气温每升高2 ℃”。limitation限制；reduction减少；increase升高；improvement改善。
16.A　上文提到了海平面上升威胁到许多动植物的栖息地。由此可知，气温升高会导致物种灭绝。extinction灭绝；escape逃走；change改变；development发展。
17.D　根据空后的that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future可知，此处是专家的预测：在不久的将来，全球海平面可能会上升59厘米。argue争论；explain解释；doubt怀疑；predict预测。
18.B　上文提到在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约10厘米，因此结果就是几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没了。surprisingly惊人地；consequently结果；immediately立即；usually通常。
19.A　根据下文the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before可知，生态系统变化是因为气候在发生变化。下文climate change也给出了提示。climate气候；height高度；period时期；environment环境。
20.C　根据下文The main cause of climate change可知，此处问的是：是什么导致了气候变化？force迫使；allow允许；cause导致；help帮助。
21.D　根据上文The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of ... you and me.可知，此处指人口的增长。animal动物；species物种；plant植物；population人口。
22.B　根据上文more land is needed to provide food可知，随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。waste浪费；need需要；supply供应；store储存。
23.A　根据常识可知，燃烧化石燃料会产生二氧化碳。produce产生；include包含；require需要；provide提供。
24.D　根据下文we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.可知，我们增加了大气中的二氧化碳含量，是因为砍伐森林。transport to运送到；search for寻找；plant in种植；cut down砍伐。
25.B　根据语境可知，人口增加、燃烧化石燃料、砍伐森林等人类的一系列活动导致了二氧化碳增加。question问题；activity活动；procedure程序；disaster灾难。
26.A　根据下文to prevent further environmental disasters可知，防止进一步的环境灾难是人们面临的最大挑战。challenge挑战；disadvantage缺点；adventure冒险；influence影响。
27.C　根据下文we can stop using fossil fuels completely可知，我们需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。consider考虑；deny否认；stop停止；hate讨厌。
28.B　根据空后的from renewable fuels可知，从燃料中获得的是能量。time时间；energy能量；inspiration鼓舞；knowledge知识。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树的储水功能，该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
29.existing　考查非谓语动词。Malaindrano后的is是谓语动词，that is ... of water为定语从句，修饰baobab；空处为非谓语动词，exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填existing。
30.but　考查连词。空处前后分别为两个完整的句子，都不缺成分，空处应用连词，且空前与空后为转折关系，故填but。
31.completely　考查词形转换。空处修饰filled，应用副词，故填completely。
32.as　考查介词。be known as意为“以……著称”。此处为非谓语动词形式作状语，故填as。
33.natural　考查词形转换。空处修饰空后的名词短语water tanks，应用形容词作定语。故填natural。
34.is absorbed　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。空处在where引导的定语从句中作谓语；陈述客观存在的状况，应用一般现在时；the little rain与absorb之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为the little rain，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is absorbed。
35.died　考查动词的时态。根据句中时间状语In the 1920s and 1930s可知，应用一般过去时。故填died。
36.to store　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，表目的，应用动词不定式，故填to store。
37.ability　考查词形转换。have the ability to do sth意为“有做某事的能力”。故填ability。
38.whom　考查定语从句。many of 38.　　　　　 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year为“many of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词some 20，000 people，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，故填whom。
1 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习：非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
①It is natural to think in this way ...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms， ...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的To use biomimicry为动词不定式短语作　　　　，有时可以用　　　　作形式主语而把动词不定式短语放在后面，如句①；句②中的动词不定式短语作　　　　；句④和句⑥中的to create structures为动词不定式短语作　　　　。
2.句③中的动词-ing短语作　　　　；句⑦中的动词-ing短语作　　　　。
3.句⑤中为过去分词作　　　　。
一、非谓语动词概述
　非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
形式 主动形式 被动形式
动词不 定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing ——
动词-ing 形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done ——
名师点津
非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词的前面直接加not，如not to do， not doing， not to be done， not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
　　句法功能 形式　　　 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1.非谓语动词作主语
（1）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语的区别：动词-ing形式作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作，尤指一次性的动作。
To teach you English is my job.
教你们英语是我的工作。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting experience.
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣的经历。
（2）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语，都可以用it作形式主语，经常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth ... doing sth
②It＋be＋名词＋to do sth
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋for sb to do sth
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb to do sth
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
数据经常被更新是重要的。
It is no good playing computer games all day long.
整天玩电脑游戏是不好的。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （expose） to the sunlight does great harm to your skin.
②It’s hard 　　　　　　（distinguish） one twin from the other.
③It took him about a month 　　　　　　（accustom） himself to the senior high life.
④　　　　　　 （face） up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
⑤I think it is no good 　　　　　　（have） another talk with him on this matter.
2.非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动词-ing形式在句中都可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动词-ing形式作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下，两者可以通用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
（1）下列动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语：
decide/determine， learn， want， expect/hope/wish； refuse， manage， care， pretend； offer， promise， choose， plan； agree， ask/beg， help； afford， strive， happen， wait， threaten， fail等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock， I will not be coming.
如果我7点钟没有出现的话，我就不会来了。
After a gap of five years， Jennifer decided to go back to work full-time.
间隔五年之后，詹妮弗决定继续全职工作。
（2）下列动词或动词短语后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon； admit，delay/put off，fancy； avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice； deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate； forbid，imagine，risk； can’t help，mind， allow/permit， escape等
此外，下列动词短语后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to， lead to， be devoted to， go back to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， give up， feel like， insist on， thank ...for， apologise for， be busy （in）， have difficulty/trouble （in）， have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）， spend time （in）等
I don’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.
我不反对房子里有条狗，只要它干净就行了。
He has become accustomed to doing morning exercises every day.
他每天晨练，已经习以为常了。
（3）下列动词或动词短语后既可以用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
后接动词不定式 后接动词-ing形式
regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
If we want to catch the 7：30 train， that will mean leaving the house at 6：00.
如果我们想赶上7：30的火车，那就意味着要6：00从家中出发。
I didn’t mean to leave her name off the list； it was an oversight.
我不是有意在名单上漏掉她的名字的，这是个疏忽。
（4）动词allow， permit， forbid， advise等后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry， we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don’t allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
（5）need， want， require作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后用动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）或动词不定式的被动形式（to be done）表示被动意义。be worth后也用动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗户需要擦了。
（6）think， find， feel， make， believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth”结构，在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it important to take notes in all classes.
我认为在所有课上做笔记是重要的。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①Tom’s English is not good， so he devoted all his free time to 　　　　　　　　（study） it.
②He didn’t feel well and suggested 　　　　　　　　　　（give） a good medical examination.
③She pretended 　　　　　　（read） when the teacher came into the classroom.
④If you wish to be admitted to a key university， you must tolerate 　　　　　　（work） hard all the three years in senior high school.
⑤I intend 　　　　　　（take） full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
3.非谓语动词作表语
（1）动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语虽然都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语时的区别。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。动词-ing形式说明主语的特征，过去分词则说明主语的状态。
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.听到他考试不及格的消息，我很惊讶。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
（3）动词不定式作表语和动词不定式表示将来时的区别。
动词不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，主语和表语可以交换位置，其意思不变；动词不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，主语和表语不可交换位置。
The purpose of fundamental education is to develop a fine personality in children.
基础教育的目的是培养儿童优良的品格。
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美国老师即将离开中国。
（4）过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态时的区别。
过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态或特征；过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
The painting remains unfinished.
这幅画仍未完成。
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①The purpose of the activity is 　　　　　（raise） people’s awareness of environmental protection.
②The argument is very 　　　　　　（convince） and we are all convinced of you.
③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain 　　　　　　（seat） as the plane was making a landing.
④Joining the firm as a clerk， he gradually got 　　　　　　（promote） and ended up as a manager.
vary from ...to ...从……到……不等
【教材原句】　This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish， to a tree in blossom， a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
从池塘和鱼儿飞溅的景色，到盛开的树、宝塔或月亮形的大门，这些都是不同的。
【用法】
（1）vary v.　变化，不同；使不同，使多样性
vary with 随……而变化
vary in 在……方面变化，在……方面有差异
（2）variety n. 多样化；不同种类
a variety of 各种各样的
（3）various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的
【佳句】　The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual.
对疼痛的忍受程度因人而异，差别很大。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There are a 　　　　　　（vary） of ways to learn English beyond the classroom.
②Often due to 　　　　　　（vary） pressures， we tend to ignore our health.
③The two products have a lot in common but vary 　　　　　　their functions.
【写美】　补全句子
④Teenagers’ attitudes towards failure 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
青少年对待失败的态度因人而异。
employ v.使用，运用；雇用
【教材原句】　Inspired by dolphins， people have learnt how to send signals underwater， which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
人们受到了海豚的启发，学会了如何在水下发送信号，这项技术目前被应用于海啸早期预警系统中。
【用法】
（1）employ sb （as ...） 　雇用某人（为……）
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth 运用某物做某事
（2）be employed in （doing） sth＝employ oneself in （doing） sth 从事/忙于（做）某事
（3）employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employee n. 受雇者，雇员
【佳句】　Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these results.
运用尖端的统计分析技术得到了这些结果。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She was employed 　　　　　　a shop assistant the other day.
②I was employed 　　　　　　（assist） the manager with his duties.
【写美】　同义句转换
③Employed in drawing up plans， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语　it　宾语　表语　2.表语　主语　3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed　②to distinguish　③to accustom
④Facing　⑤having
即时演练2
①studying　②being given　③to be reading　④working　⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise　②convincing　③seated　④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety　②various　③in　④vary from person to person
2.①as　②to assist　③Employing himself in drawing up plans
6 / 6(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
①It is natural to think in this way ...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of
natural forms， ...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and
science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that
surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so
truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and
processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony
with our environment.
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的To use biomimicry为动词不定式短语
作 ，有时可以用 作形式主语而把动词不定式短语放
在后面，如句①；句②中的动词不定式短语作 ；句④和句
⑥中的to create structures为动词不定式短语作 。
2. 句③中的动词-ing短语作 ；句⑦中的动词-ing短语作
。
3. 句⑤中为过去分词作 。
主语　
it　
宾语　
表语　
表语　
主
语　
表语　
一、非谓语动词概述
　非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓
语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自
己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
形式 主动形式 被动形式
动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have
been done
完成进行式 to have been doing ——
动词-ing形
式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having
been done
过去分词 done ——
名师点津
非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词的前面直接加not，如not to
do， not doing， not to be done， not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
句法功能 形式　　　 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1. 非谓语动词作主语
（1）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语的区别：动词-ing形式
作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常
性的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作，尤指一次
性的动作。
To teach you English is my job.
教你们英语是我的工作。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting experience.
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣的经历。
（2）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语，都可以用it作形式主语，
经常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth ... doing sth
②It＋be＋名词＋to do sth
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋
for sb to do sth
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb to
do sth
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
数据经常被更新是重要的。
It is no good playing computer games all day long.
整天玩电脑游戏是不好的。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
① （expose） to the sunlight does great harm to your
skin.
②It’s hard （distinguish） one twin from the other.
③It took him about a month （accustom） himself to the
senior high life.
④ （face） up to your problems rather than running away
from them is the best approach to working things out.
⑤I think it is no good （have） another talk with him on this
matter.
Being exposed　
to distinguish　
to accustom　
Facing　
having　
2. 非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动词-ing形式在句中都可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾
语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动词-ing形式作宾语常表
示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下，两者可以通
用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
（1）下列动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语：
decide/determine， learn， want， expect/hope/wish； refuse，
manage， care， pretend； offer， promise， choose， plan；
agree， ask/beg， help； afford， strive， happen， wait，
threaten， fail等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock， I will not be coming.
如果我7点钟没有出现的话，我就不会来了。
After a gap of five years， Jennifer decided to go back to work
full-time.
间隔五年之后，詹妮弗决定继续全职工作。
（2）下列动词或动词短语后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；
admit，delay/put off，fancy； avoid，miss，keep/keep on，
practice； deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate； forbid，imagine，
risk； can’t help，mind， allow/permit， escape等
此外，下列动词短语后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to， lead to， be devoted to， go back to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， give up， feel like， insist on， thank ...for， apologise for， be busy （in）， have difficulty/trouble （in）， have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）， spend time （in）等
I don’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.
我不反对房子里有条狗，只要它干净就行了。
He has become accustomed to doing morning exercises every day.
他每天晨练，已经习以为常了。
（3）下列动词或动词短语后既可以用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可
以用动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
后接动词不定式 后接动词-ing形式
regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth
后悔做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth
忘记做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth
记得做过某事
后接动词不定式 后接动词-ing形式
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth
意味着做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth
尝试做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth
忍不住做某事
If we want to catch the 7：30 train， that will mean leaving the
house at 6：00.
如果我们想赶上7：30的火车，那就意味着要6：00从家中
出发。
I didn’t mean to leave her name off the list； it was an
oversight.
我不是有意在名单上漏掉她的名字的，这是个疏忽。
（4）动词allow， permit， forbid， advise等后直接跟动词-ing形式
作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式
作宾语补足语。
Sorry， we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don’t allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
（5）need， want， require作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”
讲时，其后用动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）或动词不定
式的被动形式（to be done）表示被动意义。be worth后也用
动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗户需要擦了。
（6）think， find， feel， make， believe等动词可用于“动词＋it
＋形容词＋to do sth”结构，在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而
真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it important to take notes in all classes.
我认为在所有课上做笔记是重要的。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①Tom’s English is not good， so he devoted all his free time
to （study） it.
②He didn’t feel well and suggested （give） a good
medical examination.
③She pretended （read） when the teacher came into
the classroom.
studying　
being given　
to be reading　
④If you wish to be admitted to a key university， you must
tolerate （work） hard all the three years in senior high
school.
⑤I intend （take） full advantage of this trip to buy the things
we need.
working　
to take　
3. 非谓语动词作表语
（1）动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语虽然都是用于回答主语
“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。动词不定式作表语强
调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动词-ing形
式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语时的区别。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么
样”的。动词-ing形式说明主语的特征，过去分词则说明主
语的状态。
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.听到他考试不及格的消息，我很惊讶。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
（3）动词不定式作表语和动词不定式表示将来时的区别。
动词不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，主语和表语可以
交换位置，其意思不变；动词不定式用来表示将来时态时，表
示主语即将要执行的动作，主语和表语不可交换位置。
The purpose of fundamental education is to develop a fine
personality in children.
基础教育的目的是培养儿童优良的品格。
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美国老师即将离开中国。
（4）过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态时的区别。
过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态或特征；过去分词用于被
动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
The painting remains unfinished.
这幅画仍未完成。
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①The purpose of the activity is （raise） people’s
awareness of environmental protection.
②The argument is very （convince） and we are all
convinced of you.
③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain
（seat） as the plane was making a landing.
④Joining the firm as a clerk， he gradually got
（promote） and ended up as a manager.
to raise　
convincing　
seated　
promoted　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
vary from ...to ...从……到……不等
【教材原句】　This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing
of fish， to a tree in blossom， a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.从池塘
和鱼儿飞溅的景色，到盛开的树、宝塔或月亮形的大门，这些都是不
同的。
【用法】
（1）vary v.　　变化，不同；使不同，使多样性
vary with 　　随……而变化
vary in　　 在……方面变化，在……方面有差异
（2）variety n.　　多样化；不同种类
a variety of 　　各种各样的
（3）various adj.　　各种各样的，各种不同的
【佳句】　The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to
individual.
对疼痛的忍受程度因人而异，差别很大。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There are a （vary） of ways to learn English beyond the
classroom.
②Often due to （vary） pressures， we tend to ignore our
health.
③The two products have a lot in common but vary their functions.
variety　
various　
in　
【写美】　补全句子
④Teenagers’ attitudes towards failure .
青少年对待失败的态度因人而异。
vary from person to person　
employ v.使用，运用；雇用
【教材原句】　Inspired by dolphins， people have learnt how to send
signals underwater， which is currently employed in tsunami early-
warning systems.
人们受到了海豚的启发，学会了如何在水下发送信号，这项技术目前
被应用于海啸早期预警系统中。
【用法】
（1）employ sb （as ...） 　　雇用某人（为……）
employ sb to do sth 　　雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth 　　运用某物做某事
（2）be employed in （doing） sth＝employ oneself in （doing） sth　　
从事/忙于（做）某事
（3）employer n.　　雇用者，雇主
employee n.　　受雇者，雇员
【佳句】　Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these
results.
运用尖端的统计分析技术得到了这些结果。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She was employed a shop assistant the other day.
②I was employed （assist） the manager with his duties.
as　
to assist　
【写美】　同义句转换
③Employed in drawing up plans， the architect didn’t see Tom come
in.
→ ， the architect didn’t see
Tom come in.
Employing himself in drawing up plans　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1. It is no use （operate） on the sick man now； he
should have been sent here early.
2. （go） abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two
different things.
operating　
Going　
3. Rachel’s father’s job is （teach） maths in a high
school.
4. In April， thousands of holidaymakers remained （stick）
abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
5. We all rely on it that respecting others is （respect）
ourselves.
6. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got
（sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
teaching　
stuck　
respecting　
swept　
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. I that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的面试没有通过。
2. It is our duty and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题，看看出了什么问题。
3. I at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to
be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
regret to inform you　
to analyse the problem　
was disappointed　
4. I can hardly imagine Peter .
我很难想象彼得借酒消愁。
5. Her cellphone ， which made her upset.
她的手机被盗了，这使她很心烦。
6. They asked to work as teachers.
他们请求被派到中国西部去当教师。
7. His wish is in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
drowning his sadness in wine　
got stolen　
to be sent to the west of China　
to be a doctor　
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　It is usual for young people and old people not 1.
（agree） with each other about life，work and play.But in one special
program in New York State， the adults and the teenagers live in
peace.Each summer， 200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.
（live） for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some
teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn
3.
to agree　
living　
（make） furniture and to build houses.The adults are
4. （delight） to teach them these skills.Everyone has
several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends，
too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or
5. （paint）.
to make　
delighted　
painting　
　　It is necessary 6. （make） rules when people live
together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules
together.When someone breaks the rules， the group will discuss the
problem.After the program，one of the teenagers said，“This program
has taught me that I should stop 7. （think） only about
myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
to make　
thinking　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Over the past decade or so， camera technology has become more
and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to
store memories and important information， and cameras help keep us
safe while we are driving.Parallel parking is much easier now because cars
come with rearview cameras.
　　However， up until now， cameras have also been limited.Wide
field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras
only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙
的）.They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more
cameras.This can lead to distortion （失真）.In addition， using the
cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted （折射）
differently underwater.
　　According to Fast Company， the researchers took inspiration from
nature.They began by studying the fiddler crab （招潮蟹） and its
compound eye.Unlike humans， fiddler crabs can look in many directions
at the same time， giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In
addition， fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in
water.
　　Dr Fredo Durand， a professor of electrical engineering and computer
science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory， told Laser Focus World， “Amphibians （两栖动物） are
particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments
with vastly different visual characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from
nature how to address these challenges.”
　　The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and
understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s
capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different
angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its
underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colours.
　　Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is
not ready for commercial use， the hope is that it will eventually be used
to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and
improving camera capabilities in the rain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近十年来，相机技术已经越来越多
地融入我们的日常生活。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感，研究并开
发了一种新款相机。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近十年来，相机技术已经越来越多
地融入我们的日常生活。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感，研究并开
发了一种新款相机。
1. Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras？（　　）
A. They can only be used underwater.
B. They occupy too much space.
C. They consist of only two cameras.
D. They cover a limited field of vision.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Wide field of vision
cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a
180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.可知，宽
视野相机覆盖的视野有限。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B. The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C. The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D. The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
解析： 　段落大意题。第三段提到研究人员开始研究招潮蟹和它
的复眼，与人类不同的是，招潮蟹可以同时向多个方向看，这给了
它360度的视野。此外，招潮蟹需要在陆地和水中都能看得很清
楚。由此可知，本段主要介绍了招潮蟹复眼的优点。
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in
Paragraph 5？（　　）
A. Designed. B. Repaired.
C. Drowned. D. Abandoned.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的to test its underwater
capabilities可知，为了测试相机的水下能力，要将相机浸泡在水
中。design设计；repair修理；drown浸泡；abandon放弃。
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the camera？（　　）
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Unclear. D. Carefree.
解析： 　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，虽然这款相机仍处于
开发的早期阶段，还没有准备好投入商业使用，但人们希望它最终
能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能，来帮助提高汽车的
安全性。由此可知，作者对于这款相机的态度是积极的。positive
积极的；doubtful怀疑的；unclear不确定的；carefree不负责任的。
B
　　In valleys with thick plants， different-sized round and square
buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in
mountainous villages in Longyan， Fujian Province.There are more than
23，000 tulou in Yongding， which became well-known after 46 were
given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were
awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition
and function demonstrating a particular type of communal （共有的）
living and defensive organization， and， in terms of their harmonious
relationship with their environment， an outstanding example of the
human settlement，” UNESCO said.
　　The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud
walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries， these massive
communal homes were sited based on fengshui principles， which claim to
use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou
are also purposefully resting amid tea， tobacco， rice plantations and
abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
　　Throughout history， tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas —
migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between
the Hakkas and their neighbours， so they built their homes to double as
defending.The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high.The first
floor serves as the kitchen， the second is used for grain storage and the
upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical
（对称的）， and their defensive features include ironclad gates， escape
tunnels， narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs， and a
water well.For their defensive function， only rooms on the third floor
and higher have windows， which are very small.With sufficient food，
the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
　　Communal living is integral to these villages， where the closed wall
design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for
ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such a superb
piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，
以及其建造特点、功能等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，
以及其建造特点、功能等。
5. What do we know about tulou？（　　）
A. Over 23，000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B. Among 23，000 tulou， only 46 became famous globally.
C. They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D. Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The structures were
awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of
tradition and function可知，土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。
6. What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict？
（　　）
A. Escape tunnels. B. Enough food.
C. Small windows. D. Defensive weapons.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的With sufficient food，
the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.可知，在
长期的冲突中，对居民来说最重要的是有足够的食物。
7. What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou？
（　　）
A. Favorable. B. Unclear.
C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
解析： 　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Tulou is such a superb
piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO. 可
知，作者对土楼的评价是肯定的，因此作者对土楼保护的态度可能
是支持的。favorable支持的，赞同的；unclear不确定的；negative
消极的；unconcerned不关心的。
8. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Tulou： in Harmony with Their Environments
B. Tulou： Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C. Tulou： Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D. Tulou： a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
解析： 　标题归纳题。文章在第一段对土楼进行整体介绍，接下
来介绍了土楼的建造特点、功能等。因此，D项（土楼：中国特色
的居住与防御相结合的建筑）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Nature has a lot to offer.9.（　　）.Here are some valuable life
lessons.
　　·Respect our roots.With time， a young tree grows into a full-grown
one — something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree
capable of supporting others.However tall it grows， its roots are firmly
buried where it once took root.10.（　　）， and give something back
to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
　　·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of
different plants’ leaves， those brightly coloured flowers， and unique
patterns on animals？With so much beauty around， who could refuse to
admit that nature is the most creative artist out there？11.（　　）.Be
inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
　　·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance
to exist， however big or small it may be.12.（　　）.The tiger eats the
antelope； without the antelope，the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise，
without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to
starve to death.
　　·13.（　　）.For example， the icy cold snow melts in the warmth
of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves， and these leaves turn into
shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold
winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have
to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile， we
shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
　　What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and
include her wisdom in our lives.
A. Change is constant
B. We should not forget but respect our origins
C. She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D. Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E. She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F. Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G. But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大自然给我们提供了很多东西，并
且教会我们很多道理。文章列举了一些我们能从大自然中学到的道
理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大自然给我们提供了很多东西，并
且教会我们很多道理。文章列举了一些我们能从大自然中学到的道
理。
9. E　根据空后的Here are some valuable life lessons.可知，E项符合语
境，起承上启下的作用。
10. B　根据本段主旨句Respect our roots可推知，B项符合语境。B项
中的origins呼应上文中的roots。
11. F　结合选项可知，F项承上启下，符合语境。F项中的this
beautiful artist’s creation呼应上文中的nature is the most creative
artist。
12. G　根据本段空后内容可知，生物间是相互依存的。故G项（但一
种生物的存在依靠另一种生物的存在）符合语境。
13. A　根据本段内容可知，本段主要说明改变是不可避免且持续不
断的。由此可知，A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·广东潮州高二上期末）In the last 100 years， the global
temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.Such a small increase is
causing sea levels to rise and 　14　 the habitat of many species of plants
and animals.A（n） 　15　 of 2 ℃ in global temperatures could result
in 　16　 of 30% of the world’s land species.
　　Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100
years and experts 　17　 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in
the near future. 　18　， areas which were land a few hundred years ago
are now under water.
　　As a result of the changing 　19　， the world’s ecosystems are
also changing faster than ever before.So what is 　20　 climate change？
The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases
like CO2 in the atmosphere， but the reason for this is the world’s
population — you and me.As the 　21　 increases， more land is needed
to provide food， and more energy is 　22　 too.Burning fossil fuels for
heating， lighting， transport， or electricity 　23　 CO2.Furthermore，
humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce
oxygen — so by 　24　
trees， we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and
reducing the amount of oxygen.As a result of these 　25　， CO2 levels
are now at their highest for 800，000 years.
　　The biggest 　26　 we all face is to prevent further environmental
disasters.We need to 　27　 burning fossil fuels and start using
renewable energy.If we can get enough 　28　 from renewable fuels，
we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对全球生态系
统的影响和引起气候变化的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对全球生态系
统的影响和引起气候变化的原因。
14. A. attacking B. ignoring
C. threatening D. discovering
解析： 　根据上文causing sea levels to rise and可知，海平面上升
从而威胁到了许多动植物的栖息地。attack攻击；ignore忽视；
threaten威胁；discover发现。
15. A. limitation B. reduction
C. increase D. improvement
解析： 　根据上文In the last 100 years， the global temperature
has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.可知，本段主要讲全球气温升高的
影响。因此，此处意为“全球气温每升高2 ℃”。limitation限
制；reduction减少；increase升高；improvement改善。
16. A. extinction B. escape
C. change D. development
解析： 　上文提到了海平面上升威胁到许多动植物的栖息地。
由此可知，气温升高会导致物种灭绝。extinction灭绝；escape逃
走；change改变；development发展。
17. A. argue B. explain
C. doubt D. predict
解析： 　根据空后的that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm
in the near future可知，此处是专家的预测：在不久的将来，全球
海平面可能会上升59厘米。argue争论；explain解释；doubt怀疑；
predict预测。
18. A. Surprisingly B. Consequently
C. Immediately D. Usually
解析： 　上文提到在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约
10厘米，因此结果就是几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没
了。surprisingly惊人地；consequently结果；immediately立即；
usually通常。
19. A. climate B. height
C. period D. environment
解析： 　根据下文the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster
than ever before可知，生态系统变化是因为气候在发生变化。下文
climate change也给出了提示。climate气候；height高度；period时
期；environment环境。
20. A. forcing B. allowing
C. causing D. helping
解析： 　根据下文The main cause of climate change可知，此处问
的是：是什么导致了气候变化？force迫使；allow允许；cause导
致；help帮助。
21. A. animal B. species
C. plant D. population
解析： 　根据上文The main cause of climate change is the huge
amount of ... you and me.可知，此处指人口的增长。animal动
物；species物种；plant植物；population人口。
22. A. wasted B. needed
C. supplied D. stored
解析： 　根据上文more land is needed to provide food可知，随着
人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能
源。waste浪费；need需要；supply供应；store储存。
23. A. produces B. includes
C. requires D. provides
解析： 　根据常识可知，燃烧化石燃料会产生二氧化碳。
produce产生；include包含；require需要；provide提供。
24. A. transporting to B. searching for
C. planting in D. cutting down
解析： 　根据下文we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.可知，我们增加了
大气中的二氧化碳含量，是因为砍伐森林。transport to运送到；
search for寻找；plant in种植；cut down砍伐。
25. A. questions B. activities
C. procedures D. disasters
解析： 　根据语境可知，人口增加、燃烧化石燃料、砍伐森林
等人类的一系列活动导致了二氧化碳增加。question问题；activity
活动；procedure程序；disaster灾难。
26. A. challenge B. disadvantage
C. adventure D. influence
解析： 　根据下文to prevent further environmental disasters可知，
防止进一步的环境灾难是人们面临的最大挑战。challenge挑战；
disadvantage缺点；adventure冒险；influence影响。
27. A. consider B. deny C. stop D. hate
解析： 　根据下文we can stop using fossil fuels completely可知，
我们需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。consider考
虑；deny否认；stop停止；hate讨厌。
28. A. time B. energy
C. inspiration D. knowledge
解析： 　根据空后的from renewable fuels可知，从燃料中获
得的是能量。time时间；energy能量；inspiration鼓舞；
knowledge知识。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Malaindrano is a giant baobab （猴面包树） that is hollowed out
（被挖空） for the storage of water， 29. 　　　　　　 （exist） in the
rural area in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”，
30. 　　　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that
many people believe it has never been 31. 　　　　　　（complete）
filled.Even semi-full， the trees are vital for storing water in one of
Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 32. 　　　　　　 bottle trees
because of their unique thick trunks， such baobab trees form a network of
33. 　　　　　　
（nature） water tanks.Employing them has allowed people to live in a
place where rain is rare， and where the little rain that falls
34. 　　　　　　（absorb） quickly by the soil.
　　Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.In the 1920s and 1930s，
thousands of people 35. 　　　　　（die） because of extreme
drought.This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up
with an idea： hollowing out baobabs 36. 　　　　　（store） water
when water is abundant.A large baobab has the 37. 　　　　　　
（able） to store about 14，000 litres of water.Today， some 20，000
people live in the region， many of 38. 　　　　　　rely on the tree
water for around a third of the year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树
的储水功能，该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
29. existing　考查非谓语动词。Malaindrano后的is是谓语动词，that
is ... of water为定语从句，修饰baobab；空处为非谓语动词，exist与
其逻辑主语Malaindrano为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填
existing。
30. but　考查连词。空处前后分别为两个完整的句子，都不缺成分，
空处应用连词，且空前与空后为转折关系，故填but。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树
的储水功能，该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
31. completely　考查词形转换。空处修饰filled，应用副词，故填
completely。
32. as　考查介词。be known as意为“以……著称”。此处为非谓语
动词形式作状语，故填as。
33. natural　考查词形转换。空处修饰空后的名词短语water tanks，应
用形容词作定语。故填natural。
34. is absorbed　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。空处在where引
导的定语从句中作谓语；陈述客观存在的状况，应用一般现在时；the
little rain与absorb之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为the little
rain，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is absorbed。
35. died　考查动词的时态。根据句中时间状语In the 1920s and 1930s
可知，应用一般过去时。故填died。
36. to store　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，表目的，应用动
词不定式，故填to store。
37. ability　考查词形转换。have the ability to do sth意为“有做某事的
能力”。故填ability。
38. whom　考查定语从句。many of 38. 　　　　　 rely on the tree
water for around a third of the year为“many of＋关系代词”引导的非
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词some 20，000 people，关系代词在从句
中作介词of的宾语，指人，故填whom。
谢谢观看！

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