资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.Technological innovation， 　　　　　　（combine） with good marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2.When we got a call 　　　　　　（say） she was short listed， we thought it was a joke.
3.　　　　　　 （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.I find some students in this school often 　　　　（punish） by the teachers.
6.The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself 　　　　　　（understand）.
7.The stadium 　　　　　　（build） at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
8.I will have my bike 　　　　　　（repair） tomorrow.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we’re enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了许多有效措施来防止污染，我们正享受着幸福的生活。
2.Our teachers try to raise their voice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们的老师尽量提高声音以便自己能够被学生听到。
3.He hurried to the booking office， only 　　　　　　　　that all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙赶到售票处，却被告知票都卖光了。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we had no difficulty in finding his home.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
5.He was very funny and 　　　　　　　　　　all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
6.After a long day， I finally got back to my small room， 　　　　　　　　　.
漫长的一天过后，我终于回到了自己的小房间，感到疲惫不堪。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　， he was in low spirits.
受到了老师的惩罚，他情绪低落。
8.When he woke up， he found himself 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被困在了一座荒岛上。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　There once was a goat and a donkey 1.　　　　 （live） on a farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With the donkey 2.　　　　 （give） more food， this made the goat so jealous that it began 3.　　　　　　 （plot） against （谋划对付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，” the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend 4.　　　　　　 （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in the stable on its side with its eyes 5.　　　　　　 （close）.Right away， the farmer called a doctor.After 6.　　　　 （look） at the donkey， the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7.　　　　　　 （make） from the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
　　By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are creating such small-area and native forests in response to big environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different tree species.
　　Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.
　　Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
　　Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF） Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project can improve biodiversity in cities.”
1.What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（　　）
A.It has a small size.
B.It includes only rare species.
C.It has an interesting shape.
D.It is beside a parking lot.
2.What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？（　　）
A.To make a great profit.
B.To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C.To set an example to other countries.
D.To help improve the local environment.
3.What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.Checking. B.Protecting.
C.Removing. D.Discovering.
4.Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（　　）
A.To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B.To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C.To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D.To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
B
　　Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （双筒望远镜） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings， letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
　　Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美洲驼）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行队） wasn’t exciting ...
　　“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
　　Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
　　“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the time？” she asked.
　　“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro said.
　　Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful from below.”
　　Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
　　“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she looked down.
　　Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
　　He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
　　“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
　　Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could even see the geese in the yard.
　　Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （镜头）.With a smile， he handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
5.What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Searching for lost llamas.
B.Talking to his older brother.
C.Watching the llamas.
D.Looking at the city.
6.What can be inferred about Marta？（　　）
A.She enjoyed being with animals.
B.She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C.She was a bit shy around new people.
D.She would love to operate a llama caravan.
7.What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？（　　）
A.How he looked after the llamas.
B.The details of the mountains.
C.Why the city seemed dull.
D.A clear sight of the city.
8.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.A Different View
B.An Unexpected Visitor
C.A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D.A Life-changing Mountain Trip
C
　　High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect place.
　　These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，” Bunn added.
　　“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
　　“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
　　The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古气候） record，” he insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
9.Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the trees are very old.
B.To prove his discovery is important.
C.To attract readers’ attention.
D.To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
10.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The result of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The method of the research.
D.The significance of the research.
11.What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.It puzzled me. B.It surprised me.
C.It defeated me. D.It disappointed me.
12.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B.There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C.Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D.There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies for fun in 2020.
　　But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species， their 　13　 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
　　They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had　14　 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　15　 and the widespread use of chemicals， which made the milkweed （马利筋） the monarchs 　16　 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
　　So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 　17　 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic milkweed that 　18　 and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the creature’s condition and help 　19　 the locals to sustain the monarch population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 　20　 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’ market to sell their 　21　 milkweed to people to plant.Although the fundraising days were 　22　， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
　　The team has won the silver award for their　23　 of taking care of butterflies， but they are not 　24　 with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of 　25　 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 　26　，“I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.”
13.（　）A.dream B.hobby
C.career D.decision
14.（　）A.doubled B.faded
C.declined D.exploded
15.（　）A.management B.assessment
C.selection D.destruction
16.（　）A.relied on B.kept off
C.broke down D.gave away
17.（　）A.partly B.secretly
C.rarely D.specially
18.（　）A.attracted B.protected
C.monitored D.enhanced
19.（　）A.employ B.educate
C.force D.limit
20.（　）A.meant B.cost
C.changed D.hurt
21.（　）A.dry B.medical
C.healthy D.wild
22.（　）A.pleasing B.light
C.long D.disappointing
23.（　）A.project B.concept
C.schedule D.assignment
24.（　）A.concerned B.connected
C.finished D.occupied
25.（　）A.chemicals B.time
C.funds D.energy
26.（　）A.quoted B.continued
C.replied D.commented
27.（　）A.donations B.support
C.patience D.efforts
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.combined　2.saying　3.To help　4.used　5.punished　6.understood　7.being built　8.repaired
维度二
1.With many effective measures taken to prevent pollution
2.to make themselves heard
3.to be told
4.With the boy leading the way
5.had us laughing
6.feeling exhausted
7.Punished by his teacher
8.trapped on a deserted island
维度三
1.living　2.given　3.plotting　4.to get　5.closed
6.looking　7.made
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森林来改善城市环境。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的such special and very small forests和It’s about the size of a basketball court.可知，Muziekplein森林的特点是尺寸很小。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，建造这样的小森林是为了让孩子们知道保护环境的重要性，并为防止气候变化和物种多样性流失做一些事情。由此推知，在荷兰的城市里建造小森林的目的是帮助改善当地环境。
3.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的unwanted weeds可知，obliterating unwanted weeds表示“清除不要的草”。画线词与removing同义。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Suzanne Valkman说的“看到这么多物种被认出，我实在是惊讶”和“小森林的数据表明，这个小项目可以改善城市的生物多样性”可知，作者提到Suzanne Valkman的话是为了展示小森林计划的效果很好。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He aimed his binoculars （双筒望远镜） at the city below.可知，在第一段中Quinterro在看城市。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的making friends with the llamas及in a gentle voice可推断，Marta喜欢和动物在一起。
7.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第四段内容可知，他把双筒望远镜递给Marta，然后转过身来俯视这座城市。如果不放大，这座城市看起来更小、更沉闷。由此可知，Quinterro把双筒望远镜递给Marta是想向她展示城市的清晰景象。
8.A　标题归纳题。综合全文内容尤其是最后一段中的It depends on how you look through them.可知，文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。因此A项（不同的视角）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国深山中生长的一种松树。这是全世界最长寿的树种，其中最老的那棵树已经活了超过四千八百年了。
9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的the oldest individual trees in the world以及it was growing when the pyramids were built可知，提到金字塔是为了说明这种松树非常古老。
10.D　段落大意题。根据第三段中的discover their hidden precise history以及it contains dozens of information — chemical information， the information on growth， and climate information可知，研究这种树有很多益处。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了这项研究的意义。
11.B　句意理解题。根据画线部分所在句的前一句可知，此处是在介绍Charlotte Pearson教授对这种树着迷的相关情况。再结合语境推测后边是说她对这种树着迷的原因。结合画线部分所在句中的she said excitedly可知，B项与画线部分更匹配，更符合语境。
12.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，写在年轮中的气候记录为我们在计划未来时如何看待现在发生的事情提供了指导。由此可知，研究树木年轮对气候研究很重要。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie和Callie从养帝王蝶的爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到好评。
13.B　根据文章首句可知，Natalie和Callie以前是把养帝王蝶作为一种爱好，但在意识到帝王蝶是濒危物种后，她们的爱好很快就变成了一项严肃而具有强烈信念的任务。dream梦想；hobby业余爱好；career事业；decision决定。
14.C　根据上文the monarchs were an endangered species可知，由于种种原因，帝王蝶已经是濒危物种，数量应该是在减少。double（使）加倍；fade逐渐消失；decline减少；explode爆炸。
15.D　此处讲述帝王蝶数量减少的原因，帝王蝶栖息地遭到破坏是其原因之一。management管理；assessment评估；selection选择；destruction摧毁，破坏。
16.A　分析句子结构可知，the monarchs 　16　 for their main diet为定语从句，修饰the milkweed，空处为定语从句的谓语，此处指帝王蝶所依赖的主要食物是马利筋草。rely on依赖；keep off与……保持距离；break down打破；分解；give away泄露；赠送。
17.D　根据下文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，这个本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，因此是专门为帝王蝶种植的本土花园。partly部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少；specially专门地。
18.A　这个本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，这会吸引并留住帝王蝶。attract吸引；protect保护；monitor监视；enhance改进，增强。
19.B　根据下文they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library可知，她们举办关于帝王蝶展览的目的是提醒人们注意这种生物的现状，并帮助教育当地人维持帝王蝶的数量。employ雇用；educate教育；force迫使；limit限制。
20.B　根据下文的To cover the expense和the fundraising days可知，她们还想在镇上张贴一个教育标志，但这花费很大。mean意味着；cost花费；change改变；hurt伤害。
21.C　根据上文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，她们种植的是有机的马利筋草，因此卖给人们种的马利筋草应该是健康的。dry干燥的；medical医学的；healthy健康的；wild野生的。
22.C　根据下文they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support可知，筹款并不顺利，持续的日子很长。pleasing令人愉悦的；light明亮的；long漫长的；disappointing令人失望的。
23.A　她们为保护帝王蝶设立了一个花园，这是一个项目。project项目；concept概念；schedule工作计划；assignment任务。
24.C　根据下文Our next step is ...可知，她们还有保护帝王蝶的下一步计划，说明她们保护帝王蝶的工作尚未完成。be finished with sth完成某事。
25.A　根据第三段中的the widespread use of chemicals可知，因化学制品的广泛使用，帝王蝶的生存环境不安全，所以此处表示要减少化学品的使用，以保证帝王蝶拥有安全的环境。chemical化学制品；time时间；fund基金；energy精力。
26.D　根据下文的I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.可知，这是她们的老师布莱恩对她们的评论。quote引用；continue继续；reply答复；comment评论。
27.D　根据上文可知，二人为了保护帝王蝶，不仅给帝王蝶种食物，做保护帝王蝶的宣传活动，还赚钱来实现目标。由此可知，老师为她们的不断努力感到骄傲。donation捐赠；support支持；patience耐心；effort努力。
1 / 7Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中，句①和句③为非谓语动词作　　　　　　　。
2.句②和句④中的动词不定式和句⑤中的动词-ing形式在句中作　　　　；句②中的动词不定式作　　　　状语，句④中的动词不定式作　　　　状语，句⑤中的动词-ing形式作　　　　状语。
3.句④中的动词-ing形式作　　　　，并与所修饰的名词之间是　　　　关系。
一、非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。动词不定式与所修饰词一般存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要帮助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有许多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（the ability＝to express an idea）
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
名师点津
动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定式须用及物动词；如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
（2）当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或被这些词修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐费。
（3）有些抽象名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的这类名词有ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
这次展览是观看她后期作品的难得的机会。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语
（1）动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语往往具有形容词的性质。单个的动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语经常置于所修饰词之前；动词-ing短语和过去分词短语作定语经常置于被修饰词之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些开水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in 1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的某种用途或性能，常置于被修饰词的前面。
a walking stick　　拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停车场
cooking oil 食用油
（3）动词-ing形式（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示事物存在的状态或动作正在进行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他们修了一条通往山里的路。
（4）过去分词（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
这些从全国选拔出来的运动员有望在今年夏天的比赛中为我们带来荣誉。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention 　　　　　　（harm） her， Helen started to run.
②The airport 　　　　　　（complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the 　　　　　　（regulate） authority to put the measures into effect.
④The research 　　　　　　（conduct） recently shows that WeChat is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　　　（fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article 　　　　　　（title） “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
二、非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
1.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以起副词作用，在句中作状语。动词不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……；以便于……”，常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等结构。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make our sky blue again.
我们将继续我们防止空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话订购。
名师点津
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，可用in order to或 so as to接动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。动词不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in order that或so ...that ...引导的目的状语从句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了通过考试。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...， so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到达商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的这类形容词有sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高兴。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语
动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，相当于状语从句。
（1）作时间状语
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
从山上看，我们的城镇看起来很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
过街时，你必须小心。
（2）作原因状语
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
（3）作结果状语（过去分词无此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds， blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路线都堵塞了。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
（4）作条件状语
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
（5）作让步状语
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴随状语
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only 　　　　（find） nobody was there.
③　　　　　　 （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④　　　　　　 （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， 　　　　　　（release） all her sorrowful emotions.
三、非谓语动词作补语
1.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语
下列动词或词组后面要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：forbid， advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect， persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind， require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
这里不允许你抽烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。
名师点津
下列动词（短语）接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to），三让（let， have， make），四看（see， notice， observe， watch），五帮助（help）。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式和过去分词一般只在两类动词（短语）后作宾语补足语：
①感觉、感官、意愿动词（短语）：see， observe， notice， watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want， wish等。
②使役动词：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地上覆盖着落叶。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看见他正走进银行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行车给修了。
2.作主语补足语
动词不定式作主语补足语时，同句子的主语是主谓关系。分词作主语补足语时，说明主语的状态、动作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人们认为他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
汤姆被抓到在课堂上睡觉。
名师点津
带有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时，原来的宾语成为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补足语也就变成主语补足语。若宾语补足语为省略to的动词不定式，句子变为被动句时，动词不定式符号to需还原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看见他进了阅览室。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog 　　　　　　（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me 　　　　　　（make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 　　　　　　（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 　　　　　　（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work 　　　　　　（do）， I have to stay behind after work.
句型公式：what引导的感叹句
【教材原句】　...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的时光啊！
【用法】
what和how引导的感叹句结构如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
（2）How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语（＋其他）！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
【品悟】　Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹骏马！
【写美】　微写作/一句多译
①最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法摆脱困境。（主旨升华）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我们从山顶上看到的景色多么优美啊！（情感描写）
→What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
→How 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】　Now think of more words in each category and add them to the boxes.
现在想想每个类别中还有没有其他的词，把它们添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to　　　　增添；加入
add up 把……加起来；有意义，有道理
add up to 合计，总共
add that ... 补充说
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj. 额外的，附加的
【佳句】　Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the students.
她鼓舞人心的演讲给学生们增添了许多信心。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added 　　　　　　the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In 　　　　　　（add）， his physics is also quite excellent.
【写美】　补全句子
③Please 　　　　　　　　　　　　and I’m sure they will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过100。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语　2.状语　结果　目的　伴随　3.定语　主谓
即时演练1
①to harm　②to be completed　③regulating　④conducted
⑤falling　⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep　②to find　③Having studied　④Located　⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering　②to make　③taken　④to process　⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience　②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to　②addition　③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
7 / 7(共96张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the
window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling
snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子中，句①和句③为非谓语动词作 。
2. 句②和句④中的动词不定式和句⑤中的动词-ing形式在句中作
；句②中的动词不定式作 状语，句④中的动词不定式
作 状语，句⑤中的动词-ing形式作 状语。
3. 句④中的动词-ing形式作 ，并与所修饰的名词之间是
关系。
宾语补足语　
状
语　
结果　
目的　
伴随　
定语　
主
谓　
一、非谓语动词作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。
动词不定式与所修饰词一般存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同
位关系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要帮助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有许多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
（the ability＝to express an idea）
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
名师点津
动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定
式须用及物动词；如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词
不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词
不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
（2）当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或被这
些词修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐费。
（3）有些抽象名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的这类名词有
ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
这次展览是观看她后期作品的难得的机会。
2. 动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语
（1）动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语往往具有形容词的性质。单
个的动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语经常置于所修饰词之
前；动词-ing短语和过去分词短语作定语经常置于被修饰词
之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些开水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in
1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的某种用途或性能，常
置于被修饰词的前面。
a walking stick 拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停车场
cooking oil 食用油
（3）动词-ing形式（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上
的主谓关系，表示事物存在的状态或动作正在进行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他们修了一条通往山里的路。
（4）过去分词（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动
宾关系，表示被动或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to
bring us honour in this summer game.
这些从全国选拔出来的运动员有望在今年夏天的比赛中为我
们带来荣誉。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention （harm） her，
Helen started to run.
②The airport （complete） next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the （regulate） authority to put the measures
into effect.
④The research （conduct） recently shows that WeChat is
the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
to harm　
to be completed　
regulating　
conducted　
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and
held out his arms to catch the （fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article （title） “Five
Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
falling　
titled　
二、非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持
一致。
1. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以起副词作用，在句中作状语。动词不定式可以作目
的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……；以便于……”，
常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等结构。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make
our sky blue again.
我们将继续我们防止空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次
蔚蓝。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话订购。
名师点津
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，可用in order to或 so as to接动词原
形，但so as to不用于句首。动词不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in
order that或so ...that ...引导的目的状语从句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了通过考试。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结
构中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...，
so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到达商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状
语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的这类形容词有
sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高兴。
2. 动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语
动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让
步、方式或伴随情况，相当于状语从句。
（1）作时间状语
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
从山上看，我们的城镇看起来很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
过街时，你必须小心。
（2）作原因状语
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
（3）作结果状语（过去分词无此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，
blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路线都堵塞了。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
（4）作条件状语
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
（5）作让步状语
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然
被警告有危险，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴随状语
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
① （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on
rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only （find） nobody was there.
③ （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still
amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④ （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading
rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the
weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， （release） all her sorrowful
emotions.
To keep　
to find　
Having studied　
Located　
releasing　
三、非谓语动词作补语
1. 作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语
下列动词或词组后面要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：forbid，
advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect，
persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind，
require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
这里不允许你抽烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。
名师点津
下列动词（短语）接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感
（feel），二听（hear，listen to），三让（let， have， make），四看
（see， notice， observe， watch），五帮助（help）。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式和过去分词一般只在两类动词（短语）后作宾语补
足语：
①感觉、感官、意愿动词（短语）：see， observe， notice，
watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want，
wish等。
②使役动词：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen
leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地上覆盖着落叶。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看见他正走进银行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行车给修了。
2. 作主语补足语
动词不定式作主语补足语时，同句子的主语是主谓关系。分词作主
语补足语时，说明主语的状态、动作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人们认为他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
汤姆被抓到在课堂上睡觉。
名师点津
带有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时，原来的宾语成为被动句的主
语，原来的宾语补足语也就变成主语补足语。若宾语补足语为省略to
的动词不定式，句子变为被动句时，动词不定式符号to需还原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看见他进了阅览室。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog
（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific
choices that allow me （make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required
（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work （do）， I have to stay behind after
work.
wandering　
to make　
taken　
to
process　
to do　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
句型公式：what引导的感叹句
【教材原句】　...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的
时光啊！
【用法】
what和how引导的感叹句结构如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
（2）How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语（＋其他）！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
【品悟】　Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹骏马！
【写美】　微写作/一句多译
①最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证
明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法摆脱困境。（主旨升华）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What
！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of
trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我们从山顶上看到的景色多么优美啊！（情感描写）
→What ！
→How ！
an
unforgettable experience　
a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill　
beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill　
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】　Now think of more words in each category and add them
to the boxes.
现在想想每个类别中还有没有其他的词，把它们添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to　　增添；加入
add up　　把……加起来；有意义，有道理
add up to　　合计，总共
add that ...　　补充说
（2）addition n.　　增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj.　　额外的，附加的
【佳句】　Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the
students.
她鼓舞人心的演讲给学生们增添了许多信心。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added
the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In （add）， his physics is also
quite excellent.
to　
addition　
【写美】　补全句子
③Please and I’m sure they will
.
请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过100。
add up these numbers　
add up to
more than 100　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1. Technological innovation， （combine） with good
marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2. When we got a call （say） she was short listed， we
thought it was a joke.
combined　
saying　
3. （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested
reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4. Ordinary soap， （use） correctly， can deal with bacteria
effectively.
5. I find some students in this school often （punish） by
the teachers.
6. The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make
himself （understand）.
To help　
used　
punished　
understood　
7. The stadium （build） at present in our city is intended
for the coming Asian Games.
8. I will have my bike （repair） tomorrow.
being built　
repaired　
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， we’re
enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了许多有效措施来防止污染，我们正享受着幸福的生活。
2. Our teachers try to raise their voice .
我们的老师尽量提高声音以便自己能够被学生听到。
3. He hurried to the booking office， only that all the
tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙赶到售票处，却被告知票都卖光了。
With many effective measures taken to prevent pollution　
to make themselves heard　
to be told　
4. ， we had no difficulty in finding his
home.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
5. He was very funny and all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
6. After a long day， I finally got back to my small room，
.
漫长的一天过后，我终于回到了自己的小房间，感到疲惫不堪。
7. ， he was in low spirits.
受到了老师的惩罚，他情绪低落。
With the boy leading the way　
had us laughing　
feeling
exhausted　
Punished by his teacher　
8. When he woke up， he found himself
.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被困在了一座荒岛上。
trapped on a deserted
island　
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　There once was a goat and a donkey 1. （live） on a
farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With
the donkey 2. （give） more food， this made the goat so
jealous that it began 3.
living　
given　
（plot） against （谋划对付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，”
the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You
carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend
4. （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey
thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in
the stable on its side with its eyes 5. （close）.Right away，
the farmer called a doctor.After 6. （look） at the donkey，
the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7. （make） from
the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
plotting　
to get　
closed　
looking　
made　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such
special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny
forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball
court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
　　By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an
organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small
forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are
creating such small-area and native forests in response to big
environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at
least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be
built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different
tree species.
　　Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the
idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest
plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance
of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are
becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a
very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate
change and loss of biodiversity.
　　Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows
that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny
forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also
recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in
the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating
unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as
wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
　　Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF）
Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many
species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife
populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three
decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard
hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project
can improve biodiversity in cities.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森
林来改善城市环境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森
林来改善城市环境。
1. What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（　　）
A. It has a small size.
B. It includes only rare species.
C. It has an interesting shape.
D. It is beside a parking lot.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的such special and very small
forests和It’s about the size of a basketball court.可知，Muziekplein
森林的特点是尺寸很小。
2. What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？
（　　）
A. To make a great profit.
B. To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C. To set an example to other countries.
D. To help improve the local environment.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，建造这样的小森林
是为了让孩子们知道保护环境的重要性，并为防止气候变化和物种
多样性流失做一些事情。由此推知，在荷兰的城市里建造小森林的
目的是帮助改善当地环境。
3. What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（　　）
A. Checking. B. Protecting.
C. Removing. D. Discovering.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的unwanted weeds可知，
obliterating unwanted weeds表示“清除不要的草”。画线词与
removing同义。
4. Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（　　）
A. To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B. To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C. To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D. To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据最后一段Suzanne Valkman说的“看到
这么多物种被认出，我实在是惊讶”和“小森林的数据表明，这个
小项目可以改善城市的生物多样性”可知，作者提到Suzanne
Valkman的话是为了展示小森林计划的效果很好。
B
　　Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass
high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （双筒望远
镜） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings，
letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
　　Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He
sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美
洲驼）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行队） wasn’t exciting ...
　　“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his
thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
　　Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see
that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the
other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased
after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to
the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he
had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the
llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
　　“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro
approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the
time？” she asked.
　　“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro
said.
　　Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful
from below.”
　　Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
　　“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she
looked down.
　　Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
　　He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the
city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
　　“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
　　Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his
eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He
aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his
family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could
even see the geese in the yard.
　　Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely
out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （镜头）.With a smile， he
handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro
said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远
镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远
镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。
5. What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Searching for lost llamas.
B. Talking to his older brother.
C. Watching the llamas.
D. Looking at the city.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He aimed his binoculars
（双筒望远镜） at the city below.可知，在第一段中Quinterro在看
城市。
6. What can be inferred about Marta？（　　）
A. She enjoyed being with animals.
B. She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C. She was a bit shy around new people.
D. She would love to operate a llama caravan.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的making friends with the
llamas及in a gentle voice可推断，Marta喜欢和动物在一起。
7. What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？
（　　）
A. How he looked after the llamas.
B. The details of the mountains.
C. Why the city seemed dull.
D. A clear sight of the city.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据倒数第四段内容可知，他把双筒望远
镜递给Marta，然后转过身来俯视这座城市。如果不放大，这座城
市看起来更小、更沉闷。由此可知，Quinterro把双筒望远镜递给
Marta是想向她展示城市的清晰景象。
8. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. A Different View
B. An Unexpected Visitor
C. A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D. A Life-changing Mountain Trip
解析： 　标题归纳题。综合全文内容尤其是最后一段中的It
depends on how you look through them.可知，文章主要讲述了
Quinterro通过望远镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。因此A项
（不同的视角）为文章最佳标题。
C
　　High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions
make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and
for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect
place.
　　These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the
world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the
ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these
trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，”
Bunn added.
　　“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover
their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the
environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt
Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-
Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
　　“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree
rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human
life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of
Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading
about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It
blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be
used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
　　The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，
800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings
offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the
present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is
that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through
right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古气候） record，” he
insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国深山中生长的
一种松树。这是全世界最长寿的树种，其中最老的那棵树已经活了
超过四千八百年了。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国深山中生长的
一种松树。这是全世界最长寿的树种，其中最老的那棵树已经活了
超过四千八百年了。
9. Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To state the trees are very old.
B. To prove his discovery is important.
C. To attract readers’ attention.
D. To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段中的the oldest individual trees
in the world以及it was growing when the pyramids were built可知，提
到金字塔是为了说明这种松树非常古老。
10. What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. The result of the research.
B. The process of the research.
C. The method of the research.
D. The significance of the research.
解析： 　段落大意题。根据第三段中的discover their hidden
precise history以及it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information可
知，研究这种树有很多益处。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了这项
研究的意义。
11. What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（　　）
A. It puzzled me. B. It surprised me.
C. It defeated me. D. It disappointed me.
解析： 　句意理解题。根据画线部分所在句的前一句可知，
此处是在介绍Charlotte Pearson教授对这种树着迷的相关情
况。再结合语境推测后边是说她对这种树着迷的原因。结合画
线部分所在句中的she said excitedly可知，B项与画线部分更
匹配，更符合语境。
12. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A. The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B. There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C. Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D. There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，写在年轮中
的气候记录为我们在计划未来时如何看待现在发生的事情提供了
指导。由此可知，研究树木年轮对气候研究很重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch
butterflies for fun in 2020.
　　But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species，
their 　13　 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
　　They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 　14　
since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　15　 and the widespread use of
chemicals， which made the milkweed （马利筋） the
monarchs 　16　for their main diet dangerous to eat.
　　So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a
native garden 　17　 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic
milkweed that 　18　and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the
creature’s condition and help 　19　 the locals to sustain the monarch
population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local
library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but
it 　20　 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’
market to sell their 　21　milkweed to people to plant.Although the
fundraising days were 　22　， they finally succeeded in earning enough
money with their hard work and people’s support.
　　The team has won the silver award for their 　23　of taking care of
butterflies， but they are not 　24　 with their work.“Our next step is to
cut down on the use of 　25　 to guarantee a safe environment for the
monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher
Brian 　26　，“I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie和Callie从养帝王
蝶的爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到
好评。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie和Callie从养帝王
蝶的爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到
好评。
13. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析： 　根据文章首句可知，Natalie和Callie以前是把养帝王蝶
作为一种爱好，但在意识到帝王蝶是濒危物种后，她们的爱好很
快就变成了一项严肃而具有强烈信念的任务。dream梦想；hobby
业余爱好；career事业；decision决定。
14. A. doubled B. faded
C. declined D. exploded
解析： 　根据上文the monarchs were an endangered species可知，
由于种种原因，帝王蝶已经是濒危物种，数量应该是在减少。
double（使）加倍；fade逐渐消失；decline减少；explode爆炸。
15. A. management B. assessment
C. selection D. destruction
解析： 　此处讲述帝王蝶数量减少的原因，帝王蝶栖息地遭到
破坏是其原因之一。management管理；assessment评估；selection
选择；destruction摧毁，破坏。
16. A. relied on B. kept off
C. broke down D. gave away
解析： 　分析句子结构可知，the monarchs 　16　 for their
main diet为定语从句，修饰the milkweed，空处为定语从句的
谓语，此处指帝王蝶所依赖的主要食物是马利筋草。rely on依
赖；keep off与……保持距离；break down打破；分解；give
away泄露；赠送。
17. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D. specially
解析： 　根据下文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，这个
本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，因此是专门为帝王
蝶种植的本土花园。partly部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少；
specially专门地。
18. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. enhanced
解析： 　这个本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，这
会吸引并留住帝王蝶。attract吸引；protect保护；monitor监视；
enhance改进，增强。
19. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析： 根据下文they created an exhibition about the monarchs in
the local library可知，她们举办关于帝王蝶展览的目的是提醒人们
注意这种生物的现状，并帮助教育当地人维持帝王蝶的数量。
employ雇用；educate教育；force迫使；limit限制。
20. A. meant B. cost C. changed D. hurt
解析： 　根据下文的To cover the expense和the fundraising days可
知，她们还想在镇上张贴一个教育标志，但这花费很大。mean意
味着；cost花费；change改变；hurt伤害。
21. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析： 　根据上文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，她们
种植的是有机的马利筋草，因此卖给人们种的马利筋草应该是健
康的。dry干燥的；medical医学的；healthy健康的；wild野生的。
22. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析： 　根据下文they finally succeeded in earning enough money
with their hard work and people’s support可知，筹款并不顺利，持
续的日子很长。pleasing令人愉悦的；light明亮的；long漫长的；
disappointing令人失望的。
23. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析： 　她们为保护帝王蝶设立了一个花园，这是一个项目。
project项目；concept概念；schedule工作计划；assignment任务。
24. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析： 　根据下文Our next step is ...可知，她们还有保护帝王
蝶的下一步计划，说明她们保护帝王蝶的工作尚未完成。be
finished with sth完成某事。
25. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析： 　根据第三段中的the widespread use of chemicals可知，
因化学制品的广泛使用，帝王蝶的生存环境不安全，所以此处表
示要减少化学品的使用，以保证帝王蝶拥有安全的环境。
chemical化学制品；time时间；fund基金；energy精力。
26. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D. commented
解析： 　根据下文的I am so proud of them for their
constant 　27　.可知，这是她们的老师布莱恩对她们的评论。
quote引用；continue继续；reply答复；comment评论。
27. A. donations B. support
C. patience D. efforts
解析： 　根据上文可知，二人为了保护帝王蝶，不仅给帝王蝶
种食物，做保护帝王蝶的宣传活动，还赚钱来实现目标。由此可
知，老师为她们的不断努力感到骄傲。donation捐赠；support支
持；patience耐心；effort努力。
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