资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The restaurant enjoys a worldwide 　　　　　　（声誉） because of its delicious food and excellent service.
2.As we all know， 　　　　　　（钻石） is considered to be one of the most precious stones in the world.
3.Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in 　　　　　　（合唱曲）.
4.The number of participants has risen to more than two 　　　　　　（一打）.
5.Can you give a more 　　　　　　（精确的） definition of the word？
6.When he came out of the water， he was 　　　　（发抖） with cold.
7.In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b　　　　　　.
8.The country successfully l　　　　　　 104 satellites in a single space mission to explore the space.
维度二：词形转换
1.The furniture managed to combine practicality with 　　　　　　（elegant）.
2.He brought to the job not just considerable experience but 　　　　　　（passion） enthusiasm.
3.It is difficult to know 　　　　　　（precise） how much impact the changes will have.
4.He was accused of 　　　　　　（knowing） making a false statement to the police.
5.I 　　　　　　（thorough） approve of what the government is doing.
6.When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　　question，she stood there with a 　　　　　　look on her face.（puzzle）
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It is our parents who 　　　　　　　　（支持） us all the time even if all others reject us.
2.These days littering are common， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（对环境造成严重危害）.
3.The city has 　　　　　　　　（许多） new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（对……感到迷惑不解） why his books are so popular worldwide.
5.If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes 　　　　　　　　（……的目标） treatment.
6.He 　　　　　　　　（被看作） the most suitable man to do this work.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （虽然他学习努力）， he didn’t pass the exam.
8.The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last， 　　　　　　　　　　（又饿又累）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote the book 1.　　　　　　 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity 2.　　　　　　 natural ecosystems.And she wished to see pesticides 3.　　　　　　 （use） in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research， examples and so on，4.　　　　　　showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The arguments were strong and the writing was 5.　　　　　　 （elegance） and influential.However， the book was not received positively by everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry， who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in public and on television 6.　　　　　　 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was very 7.　　　　　　 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.　　　　　　 （ban） and the EPA was established in the US.The book was considered as 9.　　　　　　 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10.　　　　　　 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·四川自贡高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia， Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”， an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
　　In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18 October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
　　At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic （磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous skyline.
　　Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become the most bird-friendly big city in America.
1.What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（　　）
A.Glass reflections.
B.The attraction of sunlight.
C.New York’s unique climate.
D.Birds’ confused sense of balance.
2.What can we know about the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre？ （　　）
A.It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B.It was painted green to attract birds.
C.It was the first to put new laws into force.
D.It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B.Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C.Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D.Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
4.What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（　　）
A.Energy-consuming. B.Promising.
C.Eye-catching. D.Annoying.
B
　　We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
5.What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B.Adults have done their part pretty well.
C.Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D.Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
6.What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.The project has already proved effective.
B.Some parents are angry with the project.
C.Children are good at looking after adults.
D.Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
7.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.Using plastic straws.
B.Plastic pollution.
C.Protecting the planet.
D.The Hummingbirds class.
C
　　The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
　　The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
　　Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing human manure （粪肥）.
　　“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the ground.
　　Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu said.
8.Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（　　）
A.Their planes are heavier than before.
B.They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C.Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D.They want to rely less on imported oil.
9.What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？（　　）
A.It has as much energy as natural gas.
B.It can be changed into fatty acids.
C.It’s born out of organic wastes.
D.It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
10.What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（　　）
A.Producing green fuel.
B.Cleaning processed wastewater.
C.Making commercial fertilizers.
D.Absorbing wastewater.
11.What does the text mainly tell us？（　　）
A.Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B.Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C.Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D.Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（　　） But fast forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts of plant intelligence.13.（　　）
　　Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in particular， can communicate with one another.14.（　　） It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
　　Learning：15.（　　） What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments， but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
　　Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants can indeed learn and create memories.16.（　　）
　　Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real possibility.
A.Can plants be taught？
B.The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C.This communication occurs through underground networks.
D.It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E.They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F.The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G.Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely baseless.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校英文报正在举办主题为Observing Nature的征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你的观察；
2.你的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.reputation　2.diamond　3.chorus　4.dozen　5.precise　6.trembling　7.banned　8.launched
维度二
1.elegance　2.passionate　3.precisely　4.knowingly
5.thoroughly　6.puzzling； puzzled
维度三
1.stand by
2.causing serious harm to the environment
3.dozens of
4.am puzzled about
5.a target for
6.is regarded as
7.Hard as/though he worked
8.hungry and tired
维度四
1.aiming　2.on　3.used　4.which　5.elegant　6.to defend
7.alarming　8.was banned　9.a　10.awareness
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了纽约市为保护鸟类和减少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括实施新的法律和规定、推广使用鸟类友好的建筑材料、关闭夜间照明等。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，每年有多达25万只鸟在纽约撞到窗户上死亡，是因为鸟类把天空或植物的反射误认为是真实的，并直接向它们飞去。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可知，Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre已经发展成为一个鸟类友好的地方。
3.D　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲述的是该市为了保护鸟类不在夜间坠毁，要求所有城市拥有和管理的建筑物在鸟类迁徙季节的晚上关掉灯。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Jessica Wilson认为去年颁布的法律是非常好的，有发展前景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一所学校的蜂鸟班举行环保活动，呼吁人们正视严峻的环境问题。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的but if everyone does a little bit， it all adds up可知，Isohel Kelleher认为每个人都可以采取一点措施阻止污染。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It is really hard to believe ... them from using plastic straws.可知，孩子们所做的事情对家长产生了影响。由此可推测，这个项目已经证明是有效的。
7.B　代词指代题。根据第二段中的We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.可知，蜂鸟班的孩子所做的事情是在应对塑料污染，因此他们想要向全世界传递的信息是，阻止塑料污染不是别人的事情。由此推知，此处this指代的是塑料污染。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了能源部专家与废水处理厂合作开发清洁航空燃料。
8.C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，喷气式客机的二氧化碳排放量可能会受到限制，重型飞机也缺乏电力燃料替代品。由此可推知，为了环保航空公司急于寻找一种新的航空燃料。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Vardon认为液体燃料来自我们通常送往垃圾填埋场或废水处理厂的有机垃圾，例如粪便和食物垃圾。由此可知，根据Vardon的说法，液体燃料是从有机垃圾中产生的。
10.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater.可知，余建平的想法是利用特殊的藻类去除处理过的废水中的污染物。
11.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段提出，能源部正在处理一个棘手的研究问题，这一问题困扰了专家十多年：开发一种替代现有航空燃料的低成本替代品。最后一段第一句指出，其他研究人员也感受到了与废水处理厂合作开发丰富低碳资源的潜力。由此可知，文章主要告诉我们对清洁航空燃料的探寻将科学家带到废水处理厂。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智慧植物及其特征。
12.G　G项中的completely baseless与空前一句中的previously unheard of相匹配，故G项符合语境。
13.F　下文列举了智慧植物的三个行为特征。F项 （这些实验得出了以下行为特征）引起下文，符合语境。
14.C　C项中的This communication与上文的communicate with one another相呼应；C项中的underground networks与下文中的the Internet相呼应。故C项符合语境。
15.A　根据空前的Learning和下文中的learn from experiences以及whether plants could learn可知，A项（植物可以被训练吗？）符合本段主旨，与下句衔接紧密，由两个问句引出本段话题。
16.E　本段讲的是植物有记忆。E项与记忆有关，且E项中的memory与上句的memories是原词复现，They指代上句中的plants。
Ⅲ.
A moment in nature
　　Once， as I sat beneath the shelter of a tree， the world around me burst into a glorious display.Birds sang melodiously， butterflies danced in flowers， and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees.It was a symphony of sights and sounds， which left me amazed.
　　At that moment， I realized the profound wisdom that nature holds.Simply spending a moment appreciating nature’s wonders can be a soul-cleansing experience.Nature offers us so many things from which we can find harmony within ourselves and with the world around us.
1 / 6Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
　　[1]puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨ way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
　　[2]that引导定语从句；they were originally designed to solve为定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。
[3]how引导宾语从句。
　　Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ： the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was established in the US.Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50 years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
　　[4]Though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
　　[5]not ...but ...连接并列的表语；though引导让步状语从句，此处为倒装句。
[6]that引导定语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。
[7]unless引导条件状语从句。
【读文清障】
①stillness n.安静，静止
still adj.静止的
②tremble v.颤抖，发抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
④by profession职业上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到
alert ...to 使意识到，使认识到
⑥in particular尤其，特别
particularly adv.尤其，特别
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to对……造成伤害
⑨monitor v.监督，监视
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.详细说明 n.细节
eradication n.消灭
originally adv.最初地，原来地
be designed to 旨在，设计用于
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
thoroughly adv.彻底，完全；缜密地
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
precisely adv.精确地
alarming adj.令人惊恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.惊恐，惊慌；警报
v.使惊恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影响深远的
ban v.禁止，取缔 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on
颁布对……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
become a target for
成为……的目标
critic n.批评家
criticize v.批评
criticism n.批评，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情绪的
attempt to ……的努力/尝试
reputation n.名誉，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
stand by支持
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的
elegance n.优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的；简洁的
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
passion n.激情，强烈情感
passion for 对……的热情，对……的激情
【参考译文】
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声：只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962年，她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用；环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑。这使卡森在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
　　而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（　　）
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D.Because most birds were gone.
2.What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（　　）
A.The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B.The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C.Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D.Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment？（　　）
A.Carson’s scientific research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
4.What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（　　）
A.Critical.　　　　　B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s environmental awareness and green movement？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引导　　　　从句，第二个and连接并列谓语　　　　　　和　　　　　　；see pesticides ...way为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引导　　　　　　从句，从句中又包含一个who引导的　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取缔 n.禁令
【教材原句】　Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some for malaria control.
（杀虫剂）现在在许多国家已经被禁止，但在一些国家仍然用于控制疟疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on 对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on） 解除（对……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on） 颁布（对……的）禁令
【佳句】　In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.
依我看来，学生带手机不应该被禁止，但应该被限制在某些区域内。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned 　　　　　　littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban 　　　　cigarette advertising.
【写美】　补全句子
③In this country， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for people under the age of 18.
在这个国家，禁止18岁以下的人吸烟。
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到n.警惕，戒备adj.警觉的，警惕的
【教材原句】　By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 　使某人意识到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for 密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth 意识到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv. 警惕地，警觉地
【佳句】　The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民们提醒旅行者注意夜间可能出现的狼和其他野兽。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Climbers need to be alert 　　　　　　the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people 　　　　　　the disease.
【写美】　同义句转换
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious packages.
→The public were warned to be 　　　　　　for suspicious packages.
cause harm to 对……造成伤害
【教材原句】　She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n.　　　　　伤害，损害
do harm to 伤害，损害
harm sb/sth 伤害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
（3）harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to 对……无害
【佳句】　Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to human health.
城市环境污染主要对人类健康造成极大危害。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She thought the bug was 　　　　　　（harm）， but later she found out that it could cause some minor problems.
【写美】　同义句转换
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm n.）
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】　Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.强烈的欲望；冲动
urge that sb （should） do sth　敦促某人（应该）做某事
the urge to do sth 做某事的强烈欲望
（2）urgent adj. 紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n. 紧急
【佳句】　I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved the 　　　　　　（urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the 　　　　　　（urge） as soon as possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children 　　　　　　　（take） advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
【写美】　补全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
迫切需要政府和专家采取措施解决这些问题。
be designed to do sth 旨在/被设计用于做某事
【教材原句】　The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.
书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ...　 　为……而设计……
be designed for sb/sth 为某人/某物而设计
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 设计者
【佳句】　Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival.
特殊图案的剪纸被张贴来庆祝春节。
【联想】　by design的同义短语为on purpose，反义短语为by accident。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to him 　　　　　　design.
【写美】　补全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth 　　　　　　　　　　　　senior high school students and they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our campus life.
英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的，旨在丰富我们的校园生活。
a target for ……的目标
【教材原句】　Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【用法】
（1）target n.　　　　目标；对象
reach one’s target 达到某人的目标
target language 目标语言，对象语言
（2）target v.把……作为攻击目标，把……作为批评对象；面向……，把……对准（某群体）
be targeted at 瞄准，针对……
【佳句】　His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的参战经历成了他的敌人攻击的目标。
【助记】　Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach their targets in six months.我们的课程针对英语初学者。他们能在六个月内达到他们的目标。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The new policy has become a target 　　　　　　　　criticism， attracting widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is 　　　　　　　　　（target） at attracting the younger generation.
【写美】　补全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you from 　　　　　　　　a cyberbully.
最后，礼貌是强烈推荐的，这可以保护你避免成为网络欺凌的目标。
reputation n.名誉，名望，名声
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for　　以……著称
earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉
live up to one’s reputation 名副其实
enjoy a good reputation 享有很好的声誉
damage/ruin one’s reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声
【佳句】　This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
这所学校在我的家乡享有很好的声誉。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation 　　　　　　quality of design.
②She has won 　　　　　　good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation 　　　　　　（ruin） when he was caught cheating people of large fortune.
【写美】　补全句子
④Sima Qian 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as one of the cultural elites.
司马迁是名副其实的文化精英之一。
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj.　　　　坚决的，坚定的
be determined to do sth 决心/决定做某事
（2）determine v. 决定，确定
determine to do sth 下定决心做某事
（3）determination n. 决心
with determination 坚定地
【佳句】　There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.
这个地方有数不清的潜水点，拉里决心去参观所有这些地方。
【点津】　be determined to do sth表示状态，常考查determined to do sth在句中作状语，有类似用法的还有be lost in， be caught in， be absorbed in等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Write a poem about how courage， 　　　　（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
②　　　　　　　　 （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will make careful preparations.
【写美】　一句多译　
③不知道在什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determined adj.）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作状语
【教材原句】　Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。形容词（短语）作状语的用法如下：
（1）结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
【品悟】　Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.
孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
【点津】　如果修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则用副词作状语。
【写美】　微写作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打开了那张小纸条。
　　　　　　　　　　　 what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不过气来，我们到达山顶，并欣赏了美丽的景色。（动作描写）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful views.
③为了及时赶到那里，我在路上加快了车速，生怕给顾客留下不好的印象。（日常活动）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I speeded up my car on the way to get there in time.
句型公式：though引导的倒装让步状语从句
【教材原句】　This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引导的倒装句， 作表语的strong提到了句首。though引导的倒装句也可以是正常语序，其中的though也可以使用as， 但是as引导的倒装句必须使用倒装语序。as/though引导让步状语从句倒装的用法： 名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋动词
【品悟】　Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the night.
虽然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【点津】　（1）该倒装结构中，句首名词不能带任何冠词。
（2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
【写美】　微写作
①尽管他可能会尝试，但还是不能自己解决问题。
　　　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②尽管他们做了很大努力，他们却没法让她改变主意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， they couldn’t make her change her mind.
③那条项链虽然很漂亮，但我们认为价格太高。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we thought it was over-priced.
④虽然他是个孩子，但他知道做什么是正确的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he knew what was the right thing to do.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962　2.natural ecosystems　3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored　4.case studies　5.beautiful and elegant　6.The pesticide industry　7.precise　8.defend her claims　9.banned　10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4　DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语　believed　wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语　定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from　②on　③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to　②to　③on the alert
3.①harmless　②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent　②urgency　③to take　④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by　②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for　②targeted　③being a target for
7.①for　②a　③was ruined　④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination　②Determined　③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out　②Tired and breathless　③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might　②Hard as/though they tried　③Beautiful as/though the necklace was　④Child as/though he was
11 / 12(共125张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had
they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The
feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen
anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It
was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with
the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and
scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over
the fields and woods and marsh.
　　[1]puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
【读文清障】
①stillness n.安静，静止
still adj.静止的
②tremble v.颤抖，发抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from
the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for
Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without
birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the
general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural
ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as
DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing
harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨
way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do
something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific
research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication
programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another
case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire
ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication
programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally
designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list
Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a
scientist.
　　[2]that引导定语从句；they were originally designed to solve为定
语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。
[3]how引导宾语从句。
④by profession职业上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到
alert ...to 使意识到，使认识到
⑥in particular尤其，特别
particularly adv.尤其，特别
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to对……造成伤害
⑨monitor v.监督，监视
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.详细说明 n.细节
eradication n.消灭
originally adv.最初地，原来地
be designed to 旨在，设计用于
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
thoroughly adv.彻底，完全；缜密地
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
precisely adv.精确地
　　Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in
environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ：
the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency
（EPA） was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded
as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western
world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of
Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by
everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported
by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a
target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not
understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine
biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more
emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s
reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she
remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in
public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50
years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud
and clear.
　　[4]Though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。
alarming adj.令人惊恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.惊恐，惊慌；警报
v.使惊恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影响深远的
ban v.禁止，取缔 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on 颁布对……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
become a target for 成为……的目标
critic n.批评家
criticize v.批评
criticism n.批评，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情绪的
attempt to ……的努力/尝试
reputation n.名誉，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
stand by支持
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but
potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to
millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a
century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so
that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate
message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one
day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent
spring.
　　[5]not ...but ...连接并列的表语；though引导让步状语从句，
此处为倒装句。
[6]that引导定语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。
[7]unless引导条件状语从句。
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的
elegance n.优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的；简洁的
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
passion n.激情，强烈情感
passion for 对……的热情，对……的激情
【参考译文】
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人
谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多
的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春
天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、
鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声：只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田
野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962年，她在《寂静的春
天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作
家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒
公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是
使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业
正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在
使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》
中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，
她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例
则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。书中还
讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本
书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家
的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的
意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用；环境保
护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的
里程碑。这使卡森在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17
美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有
说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很
快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科
学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她
的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来
削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公
众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》
已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂
的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中
高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜
欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍
然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的
温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之
后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly
and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（　　）
A. Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B. Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C. Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D. Because most birds were gone.
2. What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（　　）
A. The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B. The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C. Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D. Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3. What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the
environment？（　　）
A. Carson’s scientific research.
B. The fire-ant program.
C. The green movement.
D. Some gypsy moths.
4. What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（　　）
A. Critical. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s
environmental awareness and green movement？





　Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many
silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions，
pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too
late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now，
they say， or pay the price.　
2. Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？





　The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence
to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides
seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is
interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals
（Carson focuses on birds） and humans.　




　In these days， the political debate about climate change is
fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus
among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the
world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.　
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to
plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used
in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，第二个and连接并列谓
语 和 ；see pesticides ...way为“see＋宾语
＋宾语补足语”结构。
自主翻译


宾语　
believed　
wished　
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人
类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节
制，并且严加监管。　
2. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most
scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target
for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引导 从句，从句中又包含一个
who引导的 从句。
自主翻译


让步状语　
定语　
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过
这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判
的对象。　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取缔 n.禁令
【教材原句】　Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some
for malaria control.
（杀虫剂）现在在许多国家已经被禁止，但在一些国家仍然用于控制
疟疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth　　禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on　　对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on）　　解除（对……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on）　　颁布（对……的）禁令
【佳句】　In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should
not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.依我看来，学生
带手机不应该被禁止，但应该被限制在某些区域内。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned
littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban cigarette advertising.
from　
on　
【写美】　补全句子
③In this country， for people under the
age of 18.
在这个国家，禁止18岁以下的人吸烟。
there is a ban on smoking　
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到n.警惕，戒备adj.警觉的，警惕的
【教材原句】　By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert
not only the scientific community but also the general public to the
damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in
particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类
活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之
类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 　　使某人意识到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for　　密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth　　意识到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv.　　警惕地，警觉地
【佳句】　The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other
wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民们提醒旅行者注意夜间可能出现的狼和其他野兽。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Climbers need to be alert the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people the
disease.
to　
to　
【写美】　同义句转换
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious
packages.
→The public were warned to be for suspicious packages.
on the alert　
cause harm to 对……造成伤害
【教材原句】　She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly
causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored
way.
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成
伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严
加监管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n.　　伤害，损害
do harm to　　伤害，损害
harm sb/sth　　伤害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj.　　有害的
be harmful to　　对……有害
（3）harmless adj.　　无害的
be harmless to　　对……无害
【佳句】　Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to
human health.
城市环境污染主要对人类健康造成极大危害。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She thought the bug was （harm）， but later she found
out that it could cause some minor problems.
harmless　
【写美】　同义句转换
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen .（harm n.）
does harm to our eyes　
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】　Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the
facts and do something about the situation.
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.强烈的欲望；冲动
urge that sb （should） do sth　　敦促某人（应该）做某事
the urge to do sth　　做某事的强烈欲望
（2）urgent adj.　　紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of　　迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（从句谓语用“should＋动词原
形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n.　　紧急
【佳句】　I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking
independently and going over lessons in time.
我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved
the （urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the （urge） as soon as
possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children （take）
advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
urgent　
urgency　
to take　
【写美】　补全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts
.
迫切需要政府和专家采取措施解决这些问题。
（should） take measures to
solve these problems　
be designed to do sth 旨在/被设计用于做某事
【教材原句】　The book also gives dozens of other examples of
eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were
originally designed to solve.
书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决
问题。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ...　 　为……而设计……
be designed for sb/sth　　为某人/某物而设计
（2）by design　　有意地，故意地
（3）designer n.　　设计者
【佳句】　Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the
Spring Festival.
特殊图案的剪纸被张贴来庆祝春节。
【联想】　by design的同义短语为on purpose，反义短语为by
accident。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to
him design.
by　
【写美】　补全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth
senior high school students and they our
campus life.
英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的，旨在丰富我们的校
园生活。
are specially designed
for　
are designed to enrich　
a target for ……的目标
【教材原句】　Though Carson’s research was strong and was
supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly
became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.虽然卡森的研究很有
说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很
快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【用法】
（1）target n.　　目标；对象
reach one’s target　　达到某人的目标
target language　　目标语言，对象语言
（2）target v.把……作为攻击目标，把……作为批评对象；面
向……，把……对准（某群体）
be targeted at 　　瞄准，针对……
【佳句】　His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的参战经历成了他的敌人攻击的目标。
【助记】　Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach
their targets in six months.我们的课程针对英语初学者。他们能在六
个月内达到他们的目标。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The new policy has become a target criticism， attracting
widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is （target） at attracting the
younger generation.
for　
targeted　
【写美】　补全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you
from a cyberbully.
最后，礼貌是强烈推荐的，这可以保护你避免成为网络欺凌的目标。
being a target for　
reputation n.名誉，名望，名声
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation
and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但
卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for　　以……著称
earn/establish/build a reputation　　赢得/确立/树立声誉
live up to one’s reputation　　名副其实
enjoy a good reputation　　享有很好的声誉
damage/ruin one’s reputation　　有损/毁坏某人的名声
【佳句】　This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
这所学校在我的家乡享有很好的声誉。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation quality of design.
②She has won good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation （ruin） when he was caught cheating
people of large fortune.
for　
a　
was ruined　
【写美】　补全句子
④Sima Qian as one of the cultural elites.
司马迁是名副其实的文化精英之一。
lived up to his reputation　
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and
stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但
卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj.　　坚决的，坚定的
be determined to do sth　　决心/决定做某事
（2）determine v.　　决定，确定
determine to do sth　　下定决心做某事
（3）determination n.　　决心
with determination　　坚定地
【佳句】　There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was
determined to visit all of them.
这个地方有数不清的潜水点，拉里决心去参观所有这些地方。
【点津】　be determined to do sth表示状态，常考查determined to do
sth在句中作状语，有类似用法的还有be lost in， be caught in， be
absorbed in等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Write a poem about how courage，
（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your
life.
② （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will
make careful preparations.
determination　
Determined　
【写美】　一句多译　
③不知道在什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determined adj.）
determines to write a
book　
is determined to write a
book　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作状语
【教材原句】　Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。形容词（短语）作状
语的用法如下：
（1）结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗
号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状
况等。
【品悟】　Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.孩
子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
【点津】　如果修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则用副词作状语。
【写美】　微写作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打开了那张小纸条。
what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不过气来，我们到达山顶，并欣赏了美丽的景色。（动
作描写）
， we reached the top of the mountain and
enjoyed the beautiful views.
Curious to find out　
Tired and breathless　
③为了及时赶到那里，我在路上加快了车速，生怕给顾客留下不好的
印象。（日常活动）
， I speeded
up my car on the way to get there in time.
Worried about making a bad impression on the customer　
句型公式：though引导的倒装让步状语从句
【教材原句】　This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽
和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引导的倒装句， 作表语的strong
提到了句首。though引导的倒装句也可以是正常语序，其中的though
也可以使用as， 但是as引导的倒装句必须使用倒装语序。as/though引
导让步状语从句倒装的用法： 名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋
as/though＋主语＋动词
【品悟】　Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the
night.
虽然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【点津】　（1）该倒装结构中，句首名词不能带任何冠词。
（2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾
语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
【写美】　微写作
①尽管他可能会尝试，但还是不能自己解决问题。
， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②尽管他们做了很大努力，他们却没法让她改变主意。
， they couldn’t make her change her
mind.
③那条项链虽然很漂亮，但我们认为价格太高。
， we thought it was over-
priced.
④虽然他是个孩子，但他知道做什么是正确的。
， he knew what was the right thing to do.
Try as/though he might　
Hard as/though they tried　
Beautiful as/though the necklace was　
Child as/though he was　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The restaurant enjoys a worldwide （声誉） because of
its delicious food and excellent service.
2. As we all know， （钻石） is considered to be one of
the most precious stones in the world.
3. Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in （合唱曲）.
reputation　
diamond　
chorus　
4. The number of participants has risen to more than two （一
打）.
5. Can you give a more （精确的） definition of the word？
6. When he came out of the water， he was （发抖） with
cold.
7. In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b .
8. The country successfully l 104 satellites in a single space
mission to explore the space.
dozen　
precise　
trembling　
anned　
aunched　
维度二：词形转换
1. The furniture managed to combine practicality with
（elegant）.
2. He brought to the job not just considerable experience
but （passion） enthusiasm.
3. It is difficult to know （precise） how much impact the
changes will have.
4. He was accused of （knowing） making a false
statement to the police.
elegance　
passionate　
precisely　
knowingly　
5. I （thorough） approve of what the government is
doing.
6. When the little girl was asked such a question，she stood
there with a look on her face.（puzzle）
thoroughly　
puzzling　
puzzled　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It is our parents who （支持） us all the time even if all
others reject us.
2. These days littering are common，
（对环境造成严重危害）.
3. The city has （许多） new millionaires， Asia’s
biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4. I （对……感到迷惑不解） why his books are
so popular worldwide.
stand by　
causing serious harm to the
environment　
dozens of　
am puzzled about　
5. If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes
（……的目标） treatment.
6. He （被看作） the most suitable man to do this
work.
7. （虽然他学习努力）， he didn’t
pass the exam.
8. The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last，
（又饿又累）.
a target for　
is regarded as　
Hard as/though he worked　
hungry and
tired　
维度四：课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote
the book 1. （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of
human activity 2. natural ecosystems.And she wished to see
pesticides 3. （use） in a more responsible， limited and
carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research，
examples and so on，4.
aiming　
on　
used　
showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The
arguments were strong and the writing was 5. （elegance）
and influential.However， the book was not received positively by
everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry，
who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in
public and on television 6. （defend） her claims.
which
elegant　
to defend　
Carson’s message was very 7. （alarm） and its
influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.
（ban） and the EPA was established in the US. The book was
considered as 9. milestone in the launch of the green movement in
the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after
she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s
10. （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
alarming　
was
banned　
a　
awareness　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·四川自贡高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia，
Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”，
an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring
and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows
in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird
charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky
or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
　　In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York
requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-
friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.
Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to
be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly
glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird
life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18
October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
　　At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are
more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction
because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic
（磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all
city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during
birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to
privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would
be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler
Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous
skyline.
　　Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for
birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become
the most bird-friendly big city in America.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了纽约市为保护鸟
类和减少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括实施新的法律和规
定、推广使用鸟类友好的建筑材料、关闭夜间照明等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了纽约市为保护鸟
类和减少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括实施新的法律和规
定、推广使用鸟类友好的建筑材料、关闭夜间照明等。
1. What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（　　）
A. Glass reflections.
B. The attraction of sunlight.
C. New York’s unique climate.
D. Birds’ confused sense of balance.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，每年有多达25
万只鸟在纽约撞到窗户上死亡，是因为鸟类把天空或植物的反射误
认为是真实的，并直接向它们飞去。
2. What can we know about the Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre？
（　　）
A. It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B. It was painted green to attract birds.
C. It was the first to put new laws into force.
D. It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可知，Jacob K. Javits
Convention Centre已经发展成为一个鸟类友好的地方。
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B. Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C. Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D. Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
解析： 　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲述的
是该市为了保护鸟类不在夜间坠毁，要求所有城市拥有和管理的建
筑物在鸟类迁徙季节的晚上关掉灯。
4. What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（　　）
A. Energy-consuming. B. Promising.
C. Eye-catching. D. Annoying.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Jessica Wilson认
为去年颁布的法律是非常好的，有发展前景。
B
　　We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as
we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary
School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds
class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I
don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does
a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at
the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of
the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds
class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has
been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about
the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how
to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much
we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe
having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to
stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from
using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that
they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t
someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一所学校的蜂鸟班举行环保活动，
呼吁人们正视严峻的环境问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一所学校的蜂鸟班举行环保活动，
呼吁人们正视严峻的环境问题。
5. What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B. Adults have done their part pretty well.
C. Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D. Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的but if everyone does a little
bit， it all adds up可知，Isohel Kelleher认为每个人都可以采取一点
措施阻止污染。
6. What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？
（　　）
A. The project has already proved effective.
B. Some parents are angry with the project.
C. Children are good at looking after adults.
D. Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It is really hard to
believe ... them from using plastic straws.可知，孩子们所做的事情
对家长产生了影响。由此可推测，这个项目已经证明是有效的。
7. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？
（　　）
A. Using plastic straws.
B. Plastic pollution.
C. Protecting the planet.
D. The Hummingbirds class.
解析： 　代词指代题。根据第二段中的We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.可知，蜂鸟班的孩子
所做的事情是在应对塑料污染，因此他们想要向全世界传递的信息
是，阻止塑料污染不是别人的事情。由此推知，此处this指代的是
塑料污染。
C
　　The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research
problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a
low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
　　The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns
about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines
have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the
amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-
fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
　　Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory
（NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and
plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing
human manure （粪肥）.
　　“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic
materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment
plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.
Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link
their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon
explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major
component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the
ground.
　　Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon
resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment
plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate
NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome
water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His
idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants
and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial
fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae，
so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed
wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a
way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce
the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the
goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu
said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了能源部专家与废水
处理厂合作开发清洁航空燃料。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了能源部专家与废水
处理厂合作开发清洁航空燃料。
8. Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（　　）
A. Their planes are heavier than before.
B. They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C. Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D. They want to rely less on imported oil.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，喷气式客机的
二氧化碳排放量可能会受到限制，重型飞机也缺乏电力燃料替代
品。由此可推知，为了环保航空公司急于寻找一种新的航空燃料。
9. What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？
（　　）
A. It has as much energy as natural gas.
B. It can be changed into fatty acids.
C. It’s born out of organic wastes.
D. It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Vardon认为液体燃
料来自我们通常送往垃圾填埋场或废水处理厂的有机垃圾，例如粪
便和食物垃圾。由此可知，根据Vardon的说法，液体燃料是从有机
垃圾中产生的。
10. What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（　　）
A. Producing green fuel.
B. Cleaning processed wastewater.
C. Making commercial fertilizers.
D. Absorbing wastewater.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Yu’s idea is to collect
and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of
the pollutants from processed wastewater.可知，余建平的想法是利
用特殊的藻类去除处理过的废水中的污染物。
11. What does the text mainly tell us？（　　）
A. Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B. Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C. Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D. Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
解析： 　主旨大意题。文章第一段提出，能源部正在处理一个
棘手的研究问题，这一问题困扰了专家十多年：开发一种替代现
有航空燃料的低成本替代品。最后一段第一句指出，其他研究人
员也感受到了与废水处理厂合作开发丰富低碳资源的潜力。由此
可知，文章主要告诉我们对清洁航空燃料的探寻将科学家带到废
水处理厂。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is
beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that
set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the
public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The
“Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（　　） But fast
forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of
video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts
of plant intelligence.13.（　　）
　　Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in
particular， can communicate with one another.14.（　　） It is in some
ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a
relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
　　Learning：15.（　　） What if plants can learn from experiences
like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to
prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed
impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments，
but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
　　Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant
memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something
without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants
can indeed learn and create memories.16.（　　）
　　Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As
more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real
possibility.
A. Can plants be taught？
B. The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C. This communication occurs through underground networks.
D. It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E. They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F. The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G. Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely
baseless.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智慧植物及其特
征。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智慧植物及其特
征。
12. G　G项中的completely baseless与空前一句中的previously unheard
of相匹配，故G项符合语境。
13. F　下文列举了智慧植物的三个行为特征。F项 （这些实验得出了
以下行为特征）引起下文，符合语境。
14. C　C项中的This communication与上文的communicate with one
another相呼应；C项中的underground networks与下文中的the Internet相
呼应。故C项符合语境。
15. A　根据空前的Learning和下文中的learn from experiences以及
whether plants could learn可知，A项（植物可以被训练吗？）符合本
段主旨，与下句衔接紧密，由两个问句引出本段话题。
16. E　本段讲的是植物有记忆。E项与记忆有关，且E项中的memory
与上句的memories是原词复现，They指代上句中的plants。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校英文报正在举办主题为Observing Nature的征文活动。请你写
一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你的观察；
2. 你的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
参考范文：
A moment in nature
　　Once， as I sat beneath the shelter of a tree， the world around me
burst into a glorious display.Birds sang melodiously， butterflies danced
in flowers， and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees.It was a
symphony of sights and sounds， which left me amazed.
　　At that moment， I realized the profound wisdom that nature
holds.Simply spending a moment appreciating nature’s wonders can be a
soul-cleansing experience.Nature offers us so many things from which we
can find harmony within ourselves and with the world around us.
谢谢观看！

展开更多......

收起↑