资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
维度一：基础题型练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.There is an obvious implication from the 　　　　（研究院） that clean water is inaccessible to the local inhabitants despite rapid industrial development.
2.Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering 　　　　　　（部）.
3.Mr Smith will take part in the research as a visiting 　　　　　　（学者）.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
have ...in common； give an account of； in addition to； at the end of； lead to
1.　　　　　　　　 my studies， I got involved in lots of extracurricular activities.
2.New economic development policies 　　　　　　substantial and rapid growth.
3.The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience clapping for 10 minutes 　　　　　　the show.
4.He 　　　　　　　　　what happened on the fateful night.
5.The oboe and the clarinet 　　　　　　certain features 　　　　　　.
Ⅲ.用适当的连词填空
1.　　　　　　 hard you try， it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
2.I can’t make sense of this poem， but perhaps I will understand 　　　　　　I read it again.
3.I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature 　　　　　　I started working as a translator.
4.He was a keen amateur photographer for many years 　　　　　　he turned professional.
5.It has been two years 　　　　　　this party came to power. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，
I moved under the desk.
地震一袭来，我就躲到桌下。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Jane was so angry and walked away.
当他们到达湖泊时，简非常生气，然后走开了。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　， the living conditions of the people have been improved accordingly.
随着经济的发展，人们的生活水平也相应地提高了。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 he realizes his mistakes.
过不了多久，他就会意识到自己的错误。
5.You won’t find paper-cutting difficult 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
只要你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸并不难。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we are sure that you will succeed.
如果你学会把知识和经验结合起来，我们确信你一定会成功。
7.He said he would stay in his office， just 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他说他会待在办公室里，以防你想见他。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he never gave up going home.
尽管下着大雨，但他始终没有放弃回家。
9.　　　　　　　　　　　　， he can answer these difficult questions.
他虽然是个孩子，却能回答这些难题。
10.She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　she decided to start an IT club.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的连词填空。
　　My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.　　　　　 I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.　　　　 the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door 3.　　　　　　 I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4.　　　　　　 her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5.　　　　
we didn’t know what had happened to her， we stood there and waited for my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave 6.　　　　　　　　 my sister told us all about it.7.　　　　　　 my sister got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch 8.　　　　　　 she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She couldn’t get out of the ditch.9.　　　　　　 she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but 10.　　　　　 hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.11.　　　　　　　　 time went by，she got worried.
　　After several vain attempts she had to stand 12.　　　　　 she was and waited 13.　　　　　 a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 14.　　　　　　 the boy told，and she came out.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　By tradition， on Lunar New Year， you’re supposed to put on new clothes， from inner to outer ones.If they’re the lucky red， all the better.You can never have too much luck.
　　But when you turn a multiple of 12， 24， 36， 48， 60 and so on — the tradition gets extended： Red underwear every day of that lunar calendar year.When I first heard about the practice a few years ago， I considered it nonsense.It also seemed ridiculous to buy so many pairs in a color vivid under light clothes.My practical immigrant Chinese parents， an engineer and scientist， didn’t pass this tradition down.Adding another superstition （迷信） also seemed like a thing I could do without.But as I approach my fourth time around the wheel for the “Year of the Dragon” — in what’s known as “ben ming nian” or the threshold year — I’ve been reflecting upon the milestones of those past intervals： puberty at age 12， moving across the country for a job at 24 and giving birth to my twin sons at 36.
　　The more I’ve looked into the practice， the more I realize the significance of its popularity.As an American-born Chinese， I have always adopted and adapted what comes from my birthplace.Logically， I know it won’t matter if I wear red or not， but for me， for now， this shared tradition strengthens my bond with my culture.
　　So often， life goes by so quickly before we could realize.Days become weeks， months， years and suddenly a dozen years go by.My newborns have grown into tweens and I’ve transformed from not quite middle-aged to now very much so.With the turn of the Lunar New Year， I value a chance to reflect on my past struggles and how I found a way through.
　　It’s a mindset we could all benefit from.
1.What is the tradition on Lunar New Year？（　　）
A.Wearing lucky red clothes all year round.
B.Putting on new clothes from head to toe.
C.Never having too many lucky clothes.
D.Extending the superstition at a multiple of 12.
2.Why did the author mention her parents？（　　）
A.To prove it is ridiculous to wear red clothes.
B.To honor her practical immigrant parents.
C.To blame her parents for not passing the tradition down.
D.To justify her not following the extended tradition.
3.What finally changed the author’s attitude to the practice？（　　）
A.Her approaching the age of 48.
B.Its connection with her culture.
C.Her illogical thinking patterns.
D.Its popularity among immigrants.
4.What might the author do at her fourth time around the wheel？（　　）
A.Reflect on her way through.
B.Develop a new beneficial mindset.
C.Buy underwear in the vivid red.
D.Realize time going by quickly.
B
　　The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world.This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East， and allowed the exchange of goods， technology， and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits traveling the road， it was not without risk.
　　The main Silk Road started in Chang’an （known today as Xi’an）， the early Han capital.Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China’s northwestern provinces.After this， they would face the Gobi Desert， arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
　　The Gobi Desert， the largest desert in Asia， consists mainly of rocky， hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across， compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert.Like other deserts， the Gobi Desert is dry and hot， and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
　　So， rest stops were created along the route， allowing travelers to rest， eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods， and even ideas， amongst the travelers who stopped there.Usually， the rest stops were placed within a day’s journey of each other.In this way， travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert， which would make them targets for robbers， another danger of the Silk Road.
　　Once through the Gobi Desert， travelers would continue their journey into Iran， Turkey， and finally Europe.Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous， it is not entirely without its perils.
5.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.Making huge profits.
B.Traveling the Silk Road.
C.Exchanging goods and ideas.
D.Connecting different civilizations.
6.Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts？（　　）
A.The desert’s surface was easier to walk on.
B.Camels for transportation were easier to find.
C.It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D.There were more natural water sources available.
7.What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert？（　　）
A.Travelers were offered free accommodation.
B.They were located around the edges of the desert.
C.Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D.They were shared by travelers from different countries.
8.What is the passage mainly about？（　　）
A.The origins of the Silk Road.
B.The benefits of the Silk Road.
C.The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D.The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When she was 86， Mom moved to our city.My husband， Kevin， and I found a lovely apartment for her.I was happy to help take care of her 　9　 she arrived.
　　The day after she moved in， she called me to 　10　 about the food at the facility.“The pizza was like rubber.I couldn’t 　11　 it.”“Mom， you’re complaining to me.Wouldn’t it make more sense to tell someone who can 　12　 the problem？” We hung up.This was only her second day here！ And week after week， Mom found more to complain about.
　　When with my friend Beth， I spent 20 minutes sharing how Mom’s attitude 　13　 me.“She seems 　14　.After everything Kevin and I do for her， all we hear is what she doesn’t like.” As the words spilled from my lips， I realized that I’d developed the same 　15　 of complaining that annoyed me so much in Mom.
　　I decided to keep a better watch on my 　16　.Things went fine for a few weeks.But soon I felt powerless to 　17　 by myself and couldn’t help complaining to Beth about Mom’s 　18　 again.
　　A few days later， I received a journal from my friend Torry.On the first page he had written， “Jeanette， I use such a journal every day to 　19　 things I’m thankful for.” I wrote three things I was grateful for.　20　 filled my heart.Maybe this was it.It was a joyous 　21　 that helped me overcome the complaining — gratitude.
　　Over the next few months， as I continued， I noticed little things I’d 　22　.Life was handing out gifts continuously， including Mom， complaints and all.I couldn’t change her； I could only 　23　 her.
9.（　）A.until　　　　　B.after
C.unless D.if
10.（　）A.ask B.argue
C.care D.complain
11.（　）A.order B.eat
C.prepare D.smell
12.（　）A.fix B.analyze
C.raise D.discuss
13.（　）A.tired B.confused
C.annoyed D.scared
14.（　）A.independent B.inactive
C.uncaring D.ungrateful
15.（　）A.custom　　　B.habit
C.routine D.idea
16.（　）A.teeth B.tongue
C.head D.eyes
17.（　）A.question B.communicate
C.change D.reflect
18.（　）A.calls B.visits
C.pizza D.apartment
19.（　）A.prove B.write
C.spread D.share
20.（　）A.Frustration B.Confidence
C.Patience D.Contentment
21.（　）A.journal B.discussion
C.replacement D.invention
22.（　）A.recorded B.forgotten
C.ignored D.abandoned
23.（　）A.guide B.teach
C.praise D.love
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure artworks.They carried good and lucky 24.　　　　　　　 （mean） and were possessed of high value， driving numerous people to protect them.
　　However， the huge number of these decorations increases the difficulty of conservation efforts.Fortunately， many Chinese artists have been considering various ways to pass down this culture 25.　　　　　　 the next generation.Huang Qingsui， 26.　　　　　　 Zhuang ethnic art designer， numbers among these artists.He started collecting decorative patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013 that now 27.　　　　　　 （contain） more than 20，000 traditional decorations.
　　Managing the database consists of three steps.The first is collecting these traditional patterns through various channels， including investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been passed down or 28.　　　　　　 （contact） museums and experts.After tracking down a decorative pattern， Huang and his team take photos and 29.　　　　　　 （digital） reproduce the patterns on computer.During the process， they often need to restore damaged patterns， especially 30.　　　　　 it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded or misshapen.The last step involves collecting the data and checking and correcting any mistakes 31.　　　　　　 may have occurred during the earlier steps.
The beauty 32.　　　　　　　　　 （hold） in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find 33.　　　　　　 （they） own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
Ⅰ.
1.institute　2.department　3.scholar
Ⅱ.
1.In addition to
2.led to
3.at the end of
4.gave an account of
5.have； in common
Ⅲ.
1.However　2.if　3.when　4.before　5.since
维度二
1.The moment the earthquake hit
2.By the time they reached the lake
3.As the economy develops
4.It will not be long before
5.as long as you keep practicing it
6.If you learn to combine your knowledge with experience
7.in case you wanted to meet him
8.Hard as/though it was raining
9.Child as/though he is
10.so inspired by the people she met online that
维度三
1.while/when　2.than　3.before　4.because　5.Since/As
6.unless　7.After　8.when　9.Although/Though/While　
10.however　11.As　12.where　13.until　14.as
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。
1.B　细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，农历新年的传统是从头到脚穿上新衣服。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，作者提到她的父母是为她不遵循传统辩解。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，最终改变作者对习俗态度的是因为这个习俗与她的文化有关。
4.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句以及第四段最后两句可知，作者对于本命年穿红色内衣的态度改变了，开始接纳这一传统。因此在她即将到达第四个本命年的时候，她可能会买红色内衣来穿。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为古代最出名的商道，丝绸之路让商人们可以经此挣钱，但也伴随着种种风险。
5.B　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，尽管穿行丝绸之路的商人可以获得高收益，但这也不是没有危险的，且下文讲到的危险也都与行走在丝绸之路上相关，所以it指代的应该是“行走在丝绸之路上”。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The Gobi Desert ...for traders to travel across可知，戈壁滩之所以较好穿越是由于其地面较为坚硬、好走。
7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的These places also promoted the exchange of goods， and even ideas， amongst the travelers who stopped there.可推知，休息处接待来自不同国家的旅客。
8.C　主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，作者在第一段给出了中心句Although merchants could make huge profits traveling the road， it was not without risk.，在中间几段讲述了商人们在戈壁滩面临的困难以及其他危险，最后一段再次强调即使过了戈壁滩，但还有其他危险等待着他们。因此本文主要介绍了关于丝绸之路商人所面对的困难。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为照顾经常喜欢抱怨的母亲而养成了抱怨的坏习惯，但她最终通过感恩克服了抱怨的习惯。
9.A　根据上文作者和丈夫为作者母亲找公寓和下文作者母亲总是向作者抱怨可知，此处是指作者很乐于照顾她，直到她搬来。
10.D　根据空后的The pizza was like rubber.和you’re complaining to me可知，此处表示作者母亲打电话向作者抱怨。
11.B　根据常识可知，因为披萨像橡胶，所以母亲应该是吃不下。
12.A　作者认为母亲向自己抱怨是没有用的，应该找真正能解决问题的人去说。fix the problem意为“解决问题”。
13.C　上段结尾说作者母亲仅来了两天就抱怨，而随着一周周过去，母亲抱怨得越来越多，因此作者在跟朋友交流时，应该是认为母亲的态度让自己很恼怒。第15空后的annoyed也是提示。
14.D　根据首段可知，作者和丈夫为母亲找了公寓，但她只是不停地抱怨自己不喜欢的东西，因此此处表示母亲看起来是不领情的。
15.B　根据语境可知，母亲经常抱怨，说明抱怨已经成为一种习惯，该空说作者发现自己也在抱怨，因此作者也养成了这种习惯。
16.B　根据语境可知，此处表示作者决定说话更注意些。
17.C　上文说作者决定更注意（自己的）说话方式，下文又说作者依然在向朋友抱怨，说明作者无力改变这个习惯。
18.A　根据第二段中的We hung up.可知，母亲对作者的抱怨是通过打电话进行的，因此此处作者向朋友抱怨的应该是母亲的电话。
19.B　根据上文提到的journal和下一句中的wrote three things可知，此处是指写下感激的事物。
20.D　因为写的是三件自己感激的事，所以此处表示情感上的满足。
21.C　此处表示作者通过感恩来代替抱怨的习惯。
22.C　根据空前的little things可知，此处表示之前被作者忽略的小事。
23.D　上文说作者开始用感恩来代替抱怨，空前说作者无法改变母亲，这说明作者只能接受她、爱她。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的愿望，具有极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美丽的装饰图案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。
24.meanings　考查词形转换。空处作carried的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，此处应用名词形式；又因空前无限定词修饰，再结合语境可知，此处表示不止一种含义。故填meanings。
25.to　考查介词。pass down sth to sb意为“使……世代相传”，为固定搭配。
26.a　考查冠词。该处泛指“一位壮族艺术设计师”，应用不定冠词，且Zhuang的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
27.contains　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导定语从句，指代上文的an online database，表单数概念，因此从句的谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时。
28.contacting　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or以及investigating and visiting可知，空处作介词including的宾语，应与investigating和visiting的形式保持一致，故填contacting。
29.digitally　考查词形转换。空处修饰动词reproduce，故填副词digitally。
30.when　考查固定句型。when it comes to ...为固定句型，意为“当涉及……时”。
31.that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词mistakes，先行词由不定代词any修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that。
32.held　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。beauty和hold之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
33.their　考查代词。此处表示所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习：状语从句
①You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
②If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.
③Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view.
④The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
⑤Move over here where you can see it in more detail.
⑥The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods ...
⑦In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.
⑧Gradually，it faded from memory，even though it was once such a great city.
⑨Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place.
【我的发现】
　句①－⑨中，黑体连词引导的分别是　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句、　　　　状语从句和　　　　状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
1.when，while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着”
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热时膨胀。
While/When I was reading，he came in.
我正在看书时，他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.
学生们边走边唱。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
（1）before与since的常用句式
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还未……就……；……之后才……；趁……；还没来得及…… It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……”
It won’t be long before ...“不久……就……”
It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……”
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）
It will be half a year before I come back.
我半年之后才回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
（2）since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
It’s two years since we arrived here.
我们到这里两年了。
It’s three years since we lived here.
我们不住在这里有三年了。
3.表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as， the moment， the minute， immediately， directly， hardly/scarcely ... when， no sooner ...than ...等。
Directly you feel any pains，you must go and see a doctor.
你一感觉疼痛就必须去看医生。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
（2）在hardly/scarcely ...when， no sooner ...than ...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当hardly/scarcely ...和no sooner ...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就开始哭。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站火车就开走了。
4.until与till引导的时间状语从句
（1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句型
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河走，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
（2）not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until he explained it to me again did I have any idea of it.
直到他又给我解释了一遍我才明白。
（3）until/till用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited till/until I returned.
他们一直等到我回来。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
5.其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）
（1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。
Every time I express an opinion，she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time you come back， we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there， the rain had stopped.
到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
　①　　　　　　 I first dated Steve， I learned he had a dog， Molly， and a cat， Flora.
②　　　　　　 I was waiting at the bus stop， I noticed a police car in front of the market.
③The islanders hadn’t got well prepared 　　　　　　they were required to relocate to a nearby island.In fact， it is only two or three years 　　　　　　some islanders moved here.
④Hardly had he collected the papers on his desk 　　　　　　the door burst open.
⑤“You can’t have this football back 　　　　　　　　you promise not to kick it at my cat again，” the old man said firmly.
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
where， wherever可引导地点状语从句。
We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if，unless， as/so long as， in case （万一），once，on condition that， provided/providing （that）， supposing/suppose （that），assuming that （假设）等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Suppose/Supposing （that） they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help？
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。
My parents don’t mind what job I do as/so long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
3.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire，what will we do first？
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
　①When you preview your lessons， you’d better make a mark 　　　　　　you have any questions.
②You’ll actually show up 　　　　　　you know someone is waiting for you at the gym.
③We cannot accept an opinion offered to us 　　　　　　it is based on facts.
三、原因状语从句
1.because/as/since/now that引导的原因状语从句
连词（短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now that 通常位于主句前 人们已经知道的事实 弱 不能 不能
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着他的妻子坐。
It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.
就是因为他上课迟到了老师才批评他。
I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here，we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2.when （既然）， seeing that （鉴于，由于）， considering that （考虑到）， in that （因为）引导原因状语从句
The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。
【即时演练3】　选词填空（because， since， now that， as）
　①—Coach， can I continue with the training？
—Sorry， you can’t， 　　　　　　you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
②　　　　　　　　 all the guests have arrived， let’s have dinner.
③—Why didn’t you come to the meeting？
—　　　　　　 I had a bad cold.
四、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1.in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句常与情态动词can， could， may， might等连用。
My father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that/in order that he might keep up with times.
我的父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。
2.for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常用“（should）＋动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that， so ...that ...， such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...， such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.
这些问题如此难，以至于我们没人会回答。
He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
4.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。
名师点津
so ...that ...与such ...that ...用法助记：
名前such，形副so， that从句跟在后；
多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；
“小”用such， “少”用so。
【即时演练4】　句型转换/一句多译
　①The boy is so young that he doesn’t know much about the society.
→So 　　　　　　　　　　　　he doesn’t know much about the society.
②He is so clever a boy that it seems nothing can defeat him.
→He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it seems nothing can defeat him.
③这是一部如此有趣的电影，以至于我看了两次。
→It was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I saw it twice.
→It was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I saw it twice.
五、让步状语从句
1.although， though， as与while引导的让步状语从句
（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那扇门。
名师点津
although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
（2）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。
I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me the whole afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。
Even if/though I were in your place，I wouldn’t take the job.
即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
3.“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
Don’t believe him， no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么，不要相信他。
名师点津
whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4.whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句
whether ...or ...意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools or not.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
【即时演练5】　单句语法填空
　①　　　　　　 online shopping has changed our lives， not all of its effects have been positive.
②Small child 　　　　　　I was at that time， I ate almost a big bowl of dumplings.
③We’ll make a trip 　　　　　　　　the weather is bad.
④　　　　　　 not known to use tools in the wild， the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage.
六、其他状语从句
状语从句类型 从属连词
方式状语从句 as， as if/though
比较状语从句 as ...as， not as/so ...as，比较级＋than
The lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个女士对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
【即时演练6】　补全句子
　①Night came 　　　　　　a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
②Leave it 　　　　　　　　.
让它照现在的样子放在那儿。
③They don’t use more water 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
④She has known 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in English.
她掌握的德语词汇和她掌握的英语词汇一样多。
give an account of 描述
【教材原句】　Zhang Qian， a diplomat， gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court.张骞是一位外交官，对于中亚地区他给汉朝廷做了可靠的描述。
【用法】
（1）account n.　　　　叙述，描述；报道；账目，账户 take ...into account 　把……考虑在内 on account of ... 因为，由于 on no account 决不（置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装） （2）account v. 解释，说明；占比 account for ... 是……的原因；解释……；（数量上、比例上）占……
【佳句】　In his essay， there is no point giving an account of his personal experiences in the Southeast Asian jungles.
在他的文章中，叙述他在东南亚丛林中的个人经历是没有意义的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They were asked to give up the privilege of taking a holiday on account 　　　　　　the national emergency.
②A difficult problem of the history of civilization is how to account 　　　　　　the brilliance and creativity of the ancient Greeks.
③You should take my advice 　　　　　　account before you announce the appointment.
【写美】　同义句转换
④All of you shall on no account tell him the secret.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 tell him the secret.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
时间　条件　目的　方式　地点　结果　比较　让步　原因
即时演练1
①When　②When/While/As　③before； since　④when　⑤until
即时演练2
①where　②if　③unless
即时演练3
①as　②Now that/Since　③Because
即时演练4
①young is the boy that　②such a clever boy that　
③such an interesting film that； so interesting a film that
即时演练5
①While　②as/though　③even if/though　④Though
即时演练6
①as if/though　②as it is　③than it is necessary　
④as many words in German as she has
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①of　②for　③into　④On no account shall all of you
8 / 8(共103张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：状语从句
①You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of
Dunhuang ahead of them.
②If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are
testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.
③Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view.
④The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their
scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
⑤Move over here where you can see it in more detail.
⑥The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods ...
⑦In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as
prosperous as it used to be.
⑧Gradually，it faded from memory，even though it was once such a
great city.
⑨Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and
strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，
Dunhuang was the ideal place.
【我的发现】
　句①－⑨中，黑体连词引导的分别是 状语从句、
状语从句、 状语从句、 状语从句、 状语从
句、 状语从句、 状语从句、 状语从句
和 状语从句。
时间　
条件　
目的　
方式　
地点　
结果　
比较　
让步　
原因　
一、时间状语从句
1. when，while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也
可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……
一边……；随着”
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热时膨胀。
While/When I was reading，he came in.
我正在看书时，他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.
学生们边走边唱。
2. before与since引导的时间状语从句
（1）before与since的常用句式
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还
未……
就……；……之后才……；趁……；
还没来得及…… It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……
（时间）才……”
It won’t be long before ...“不久……
就……”
It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……（时
间）才……”
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用
一般过去时）
It will be half a year before I come back.
我半年之后才回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
（2）since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓
语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自
动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
It’s two years since we arrived here.
我们到这里两年了。
It’s three years since we lived here.
我们不住在这里有三年了。
3. 表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或
短语有as soon as， the moment， the minute，
immediately， directly， hardly/scarcely ... when， no
sooner ...than ...等。
Directly you feel any pains，you must go and see a doctor.
你一感觉疼痛就必须去看医生。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
（2）在hardly/scarcely ...when， no sooner ...than ...中，主句应
用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当hardly/scarcely ...
和no sooner ...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就开始哭。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站火车就开走了。
4. until与till引导的时间状语从句
（1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句型
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河走，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
（2）not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until he explained it to me again did I have any idea of it.
直到他又给我解释了一遍我才明白。
（3）until/till用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于
否定句时，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited till/until I returned.
他们一直等到我回来。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
5. 其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）
（1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after，
whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last
time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。
Every time I express an opinion，she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句
则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去
完成时。
By the time you come back， we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there， the rain had stopped.
到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
① I first dated Steve， I learned he had a dog，
Molly， and a cat， Flora.
② I was waiting at the bus stop， I noticed a
police car in front of the market.
When　
When/While/As　
③The islanders hadn’t got well prepared they were
required to relocate to a nearby island.In fact， it is only two or
three years some islanders moved here.
④Hardly had he collected the papers on his desk the
door burst open.
⑤“You can’t have this football back you promise
not to kick it at my cat again，” the old man said firmly.
before　
since　
when　
until　
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1. 地点状语从句
where， wherever可引导地点状语从句。
We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2. 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if，unless， as/so
long as， in case （万一），once，on condition that，
provided/providing （that）， supposing/suppose （that），assuming
that （假设）等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Suppose/Supposing （that） they refuse us，who else can we turn to
for help？
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before
the weekend.
他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。
My parents don’t mind what job I do as/so long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
3. 在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代
替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire，what will we do first？
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①When you preview your lessons， you’d better make a
mark you have any questions.
②You’ll actually show up you know someone is waiting for
you at the gym.
③We cannot accept an opinion offered to us it is based on
facts.
where　
if　
unless　
三、原因状语从句
1. because/as/since/now that引导的原因状语从句
连词（短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/ now that 通常位于主句前 人们已经知道的事实 弱 不能 不能
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to
sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着他的妻子坐。
It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.
就是因为他上课迟到了老师才批评他。
I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here，we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2. when （既然）， seeing that （鉴于，由于）， considering that
（考虑到）， in that （因为）引导原因状语从句
The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry
and that one about history.
这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历
史的。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five
minutes.既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。
【即时演练3】　选词填空（because， since， now that， as）
　①—Coach， can I continue with the training？
—Sorry， you can’t， you haven’t recovered from the knee
injury.
② all the guests have arrived， let’s have dinner.
③—Why didn’t you come to the meeting？
— I had a bad cold.
as　
Now that/Since　
Because　
四、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so
that引导的目的状语从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句常与情
态动词can， could， may， might等连用。
My father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that/in order
that he might keep up with times.
我的父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。
2. for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常用
“（should）＋动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that， so ...that ...，
such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...，
such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.
这些问题如此难，以至于我们没人会回答。
He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
4. 为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒
装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult
questions.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。
名师点津
so ...that ...与such ...that ...用法助记：
名前such，形副so， that从句跟在后；
多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；
“小”用such， “少”用so。
【即时演练4】　句型转换/一句多译
　①The boy is so young that he doesn’t know much about the society.
→So he doesn’t know much about the society.
②He is so clever a boy that it seems nothing can defeat him.
→He is it seems nothing can defeat him.
③这是一部如此有趣的电影，以至于我看了两次。
→It was I saw it twice.
→It was I saw it twice.
young is the boy that　
such a clever boy that　
such an interesting film that　
so interesting a film that　
五、让步状语从句
1. although， though， as与while引导的让步状语从句
（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though
引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；
as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即把从句中的表
语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置
时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a
calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone
who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干
的人。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那扇门。
名师点津
although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
（2）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they
cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
2. even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，
可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。
I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me the whole afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。
Even if/though I were in your place，I wouldn’t take the job.
即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
3. “no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导
让步状语从句。
Don’t believe him， no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么，不要相信他。
名师点津
whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，
但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4. whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句
whether ...or ...意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比
情况。
We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools
or not.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
【即时演练5】　单句语法填空
① online shopping has changed our lives， not all of its
effects have been positive.
②Small child I was at that time， I ate almost a big bowl of
dumplings.
③We’ll make a trip the weather is bad.
④ not known to use tools in the wild， the birds have proved
skillful at tool use while kept in the cage.
While　
as/though　
even if/though　
Though　
六、其他状语从句
状语从句类型 从属连词
方式状语从句 as， as if/though
比较状语从句 as ...as， not as/so ...as，
比较级＋than
The lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个女士对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
【即时演练6】　补全句子
①Night came a lamp was being turned out， and in
another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
②Leave it .
让它照现在的样子放在那儿。
③They don’t use more water .
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
④She has known in English.
她掌握的德语词汇和她掌握的英语词汇一样多。
as if/though　
as it is　
than it is necessary　
as many words in German as she has　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
give an account of 描述
【教材原句】　Zhang Qian， a diplomat， gave a reliable account of
the lands of Central Asia for the Han court.
张骞是一位外交官，对于中亚地区他给汉朝廷做了可靠的描述。
（1）account n.　　叙述，描述；报道；账目，账户
take ...into account 　把……考虑在内
on account of ...　　因为，由于
on no account 　　决不（置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装）
（2）account v.　　解释，说明；占比
account for ...　　是……的原因；解释……；
（数量上、比例上）占……
【用法】
【佳句】　In his essay， there is no point giving an account of his
personal experiences in the Southeast Asian jungles.在他的文章中，叙述
他在东南亚丛林中的个人经历是没有意义的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They were asked to give up the privilege of taking a holiday on
account the national emergency.
②A difficult problem of the history of civilization is how to
account the brilliance and creativity of the ancient Greeks.
③You should take my advice account before you announce the
appointment.
of　
for　
into　
【写美】　同义句转换
④All of you shall on no account tell him the secret.
→ tell him the secret.
On no account shall all of you　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. There is an obvious implication from the （研究院） that
clean water is inaccessible to the local inhabitants despite rapid
industrial development.
2. Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering
（部）.
3. Mr Smith will take part in the research as a visiting （学
者）.
institute　
department　
scholar　
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
have ...in common； give an account of； in addition to； at the end
of； lead to
1. my studies， I got involved in lots of extracurricular
activities.
2. New economic development policies substantial and rapid
growth.
3. The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience clapping for 10
minutes the show.
4. He what happened on the fateful night.
5. The oboe and the clarinet certain features .
In addition to　
led to　
at the end of　
gave an account of　
have　
in common　
Ⅲ.用适当的连词填空
1. hard you try， it is difficult to lose weight without
cutting down the amount you eat.
2. I can’t make sense of this poem， but perhaps I will understand
I read it again.
3. I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature I started
working as a translator.
4. He was a keen amateur photographer for many years he
turned professional.
5. It has been two years this party came to power. Many people
wonder whether it will stay on.
However　
if　
when　
before　
since　
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， I moved under the desk.
地震一袭来，我就躲到桌下。
2. ， Jane was so angry and walked
away.
当他们到达湖泊时，简非常生气，然后走开了。
3. ， the living conditions of the people
have been improved accordingly.
随着经济的发展，人们的生活水平也相应地提高了。
The moment the earthquake hit　
By the time they reached the lake　
As the economy develops　
4. he realizes his mistakes.
过不了多久，他就会意识到自己的错误。
5. You won’t find paper-cutting difficult
.
只要你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸并不难。
6. ， we are
sure that you will succeed.
如果你学会把知识和经验结合起来，我们确信你一定会成功。
It will not be long before　
as long as you keep practicing
it　
If you learn to combine your knowledge with experience　
7. He said he would stay in his office， just
.
他说他会待在办公室里，以防你想见他。
8. ， he never gave up going home.
尽管下着大雨，但他始终没有放弃回家。
9. ， he can answer these difficult questions.
他虽然是个孩子，却能回答这些难题。
10. She was she decided
to start an IT club.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部。
in case you wanted to meet
him　
Hard as/though it was raining　
Child as/though he is　
so inspired by the people she met online that　
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的连词填空。
　　My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1. I was doing
my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework
2. the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door
3. I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her
4. her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5.
we didn’t know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for
my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave 6.
while/when　
than　
before　
because　
Since/As　
my sister told us all about it.7. my sister got changed，
she told us that she fell into a ditch 8. she walked on a path on
her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She couldn’t get out of
the ditch.9. she cried for help loudly，no
one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but 10. hard
she tried，she failed to escape from it.11. time went by，she got
worried.
unless　
After　
when　
Although/Though/While　
however　
As　
　　After several vain attempts she had to stand 12. she was
and waited 13. a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The
boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did
14. the boy told，and she came out.
where　
until　
as　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　By tradition， on Lunar New Year， you’re supposed to put on new
clothes， from inner to outer ones.If they’re the lucky red， all the
better.You can never have too much luck.
　　But when you turn a multiple of 12， 24， 36， 48， 60 and so
on — the tradition gets extended： Red underwear every day of that lunar
calendar year.When I first heard about the practice a few years ago， I
considered it nonsense.It also seemed ridiculous to buy so many pairs in a
color vivid under light clothes.My practical immigrant Chinese parents，
an engineer and scientist， didn’t pass this tradition down.Adding
another superstition （迷信） also seemed like a thing I could do
without.But as I approach my fourth time around the wheel for the “Year
of the Dragon” — in what’s known as “ben ming nian” or the
threshold year — I’ve been reflecting upon the milestones of those past
intervals： puberty at age 12， moving across the country for a job at 24
and giving birth to my twin sons at 36.
　　The more I’ve looked into the practice， the more I realize the
significance of its popularity.As an American-born Chinese， I have
always adopted and adapted what comes from my birthplace.Logically， I
know it won’t matter if I wear red or not， but for me， for now， this
shared tradition strengthens my bond with my culture.
　　So often， life goes by so quickly before we could realize.Days
become weeks， months， years and suddenly a dozen years go by.My
newborns have grown into tweens and I’ve transformed from not quite
middle-aged to now very much so.With the turn of the Lunar New Year，
I value a chance to reflect on my past struggles and how I found a way
through.
　　It’s a mindset we could all benefit from.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了
穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的体会和感触介绍了
穿红色在中国农历新年和本命年的意义。
1. What is the tradition on Lunar New Year？（　　）
A. Wearing lucky red clothes all year round.
B. Putting on new clothes from head to toe.
C. Never having too many lucky clothes.
D. Extending the superstition at a multiple of 12.
解析：　细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，农历新年的传统是从
头到脚穿上新衣服。
2. Why did the author mention her parents？（　　）
A. To prove it is ridiculous to wear red clothes.
B. To honor her practical immigrant parents.
C. To blame her parents for not passing the tradition down.
D. To justify her not following the extended tradition.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，作者提到她
的父母是为她不遵循传统辩解。
3. What finally changed the author’s attitude to the practice？（　　）
A. Her approaching the age of 48.
B. Its connection with her culture.
C. Her illogical thinking patterns.
D. Its popularity among immigrants.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，最终改变作者
对习俗态度的是因为这个习俗与她的文化有关。
4. What might the author do at her fourth time around the wheel？
（　　）
A. Reflect on her way through.
B. Develop a new beneficial mindset.
C. Buy underwear in the vivid red.
D. Realize time going by quickly.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句以及第四段最后两句
可知，作者对于本命年穿红色内衣的态度改变了，开始接纳这一传
统。因此在她即将到达第四个本命年的时候，她可能会买红色内衣
来穿。
B
　　The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route
of the ancient world.This passage connected Europe in the West with
China in the East， and allowed the exchange of goods， technology，
and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make
huge profits traveling the road， it was not without risk.
　　The main Silk Road started in Chang’an （known today as
Xi’an）， the early Han capital.Travelers commencing their journey
from this city could take a northern route that would take them across
China’s northwestern provinces.After this， they would face the Gobi
Desert， arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
　　The Gobi Desert， the largest desert in Asia， consists mainly of
rocky， hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across，
compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert.Like
other deserts， the Gobi Desert is dry and hot， and therefore the biggest
challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as
well as for their camels.
　　So， rest stops were created along the route， allowing travelers to
rest， eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods，
and even ideas， amongst the travelers who stopped there.Usually， the
rest stops were placed within a day’s journey of each other.In this way，
travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert， which would
make them targets for robbers， another danger of the Silk Road.
　　Once through the Gobi Desert， travelers would continue their
journey into Iran， Turkey， and finally Europe.Whilst this part of the
journey may have been less dangerous， it is not entirely without its
perils.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为古代最出名的商道，丝绸之路
让商人们可以经此挣钱，但也伴随着种种风险。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为古代最出名的商道，丝绸之路
让商人们可以经此挣钱，但也伴随着种种风险。
5. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to？
（　　）
A. Making huge profits.
B. Traveling the Silk Road.
C. Exchanging goods and ideas.
D. Connecting different civilizations.
解析：　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，尽管穿行丝绸之
路的商人可以获得高收益，但这也不是没有危险的，且下文讲到的
危险也都与行走在丝绸之路上相关，所以it指代的应该是“行走在
丝绸之路上”。
6. Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts？（　　）
A. The desert’s surface was easier to walk on.
B. Camels for transportation were easier to find.
C. It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D. There were more natural water sources available.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The Gobi Desert ...for
traders to travel across可知，戈壁滩之所以较好穿越是由于其地面较
为坚硬、好走。
7. What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert？（　　）
A. Travelers were offered free accommodation.
B. They were located around the edges of the desert.
C. Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D. They were shared by travelers from different countries.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的These places also promoted
the exchange of goods， and even ideas， amongst the travelers who
stopped there.可推知，休息处接待来自不同国家的旅客。
8. What is the passage mainly about？（　　）
A. The origins of the Silk Road.
B. The benefits of the Silk Road.
C. The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D. The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
解析：　主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，作者在第一段给出了
中心句Although merchants could make huge profits traveling the
road， it was not without risk.，在中间几段讲述了商人们在戈壁滩
面临的困难以及其他危险，最后一段再次强调即使过了戈壁滩，但
还有其他危险等待着他们。因此本文主要介绍了关于丝绸之路商人
所面对的困难。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When she was 86， Mom moved to our city.My husband， Kevin，
and I found a lovely apartment for her.I was happy to help take care of
her 　9　 she arrived.
　　The day after she moved in， she called me to 　10　 about the food
at the facility.“The pizza was like rubber.I couldn’t 　11　
it.”“Mom， you’re complaining to me.Wouldn’t it make more sense
to tell someone who can 　12　 the problem？” We hung up.This was
only her second day here！ And week after week， Mom found more to
complain about.
　　When with my friend Beth， I spent 20 minutes sharing how Mom’s
attitude 　13　 me.“She seems 　14　.After everything Kevin and I do
for her， all we hear is what she doesn’t like.” As the words spilled
from my lips， I realized that I’d developed the same 　15　 of
complaining that annoyed me so much in Mom.
　　I decided to keep a better watch on my 　16　.Things went fine for a
few weeks.But soon I felt powerless to 　17　 by myself and couldn’t
help complaining to Beth about Mom’s 　18　 again.
　　A few days later， I received a journal from my friend Torry.On the
first page he had written， “Jeanette， I use such a journal every day
to 　19　 things I’m thankful for.” I wrote three things I was grateful
for. 　20　 filled my heart.Maybe this was it.It was a joyous 　21　 that
helped me overcome the complaining — gratitude.
　　Over the next few months， as I continued， I noticed little things
I’d 　22　.Life was handing out gifts continuously， including Mom，
complaints and all.I couldn’t change her； I could only 　23　 her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为照顾经常喜欢抱怨的母亲
而养成了抱怨的坏习惯，但她最终通过感恩克服了抱怨的习惯。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为照顾经常喜欢抱怨的母亲
而养成了抱怨的坏习惯，但她最终通过感恩克服了抱怨的习惯。
9. A. until B. after C. unless D. if
解析： 　根据上文作者和丈夫为作者母亲找公寓和下文作者母亲
总是向作者抱怨可知，此处是指作者很乐于照顾她，直到她搬来。
10. A. ask B. argue C. care D. complain
解析： 　根据空后的The pizza was like rubber.和you’re
complaining to me可知，此处表示作者母亲打电话向作者抱怨。
11. A. order B. eat C. prepare D. smell
解析： 　根据常识可知，因为披萨像橡胶，所以母亲应该是吃
不下。
12. A. fix B. analyze C. raise D. discuss
解析： 　作者认为母亲向自己抱怨是没有用的，应该找真正能
解决问题的人去说。fix the problem意为“解决问题”。
13. A. tired B. confused
C. annoyed D. scared
解析：　上段结尾说作者母亲仅来了两天就抱怨，而随着一周
周过去，母亲抱怨得越来越多，因此作者在跟朋友交流时，应该
是认为母亲的态度让自己很恼怒。第15空后的annoyed也是提示。
14. A. independent B. inactive
C. uncaring D. ungrateful
解析：　根据首段可知，作者和丈夫为母亲找了公寓，但她只
是不停地抱怨自己不喜欢的东西，因此此处表示母亲看起来是不
领情的。
15. A. custom B. habit
C. routine D. idea
解析： 　根据语境可知，母亲经常抱怨，说明抱怨已经成为一
种习惯，该空说作者发现自己也在抱怨，因此作者也养成了这种
习惯。
16. A. teeth B. tongue C. head D. eyes
解析： 　根据语境可知，此处表示作者决定说话更注意些。
17. A. question B. communicate
C. change D. reflect
解析：　上文说作者决定更注意（自己的）说话方式，下文又
说作者依然在向朋友抱怨，说明作者无力改变这个习惯。
18. A. calls B. visits
C. pizza D. apartment
解析：　根据第二段中的We hung up.可知，母亲对作者的抱怨
是通过打电话进行的，因此此处作者向朋友抱怨的应该是母亲的
电话。
19. A. prove B. write C. spread D. share
解析： 　根据上文提到的journal和下一句中的wrote three things
可知，此处是指写下感激的事物。
20. A. Frustration B. Confidence
C. Patience D. Contentment
解析： 　因为写的是三件自己感激的事，所以此处表示情感上
的满足。
21. A. journal B. discussion
C. replacement D. invention
解析：　此处表示作者通过感恩来代替抱怨的习惯。
22. A. recorded B. forgotten
C. ignored D. abandoned
解析：　根据空前的little things可知，此处表示之前被作者忽略
的小事。
23. A. guide B. teach C. praise D. love
解析：　上文说作者开始用感恩来代替抱怨，空前说作者无法
改变母亲，这说明作者只能接受她、爱她。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse
decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure
artworks.They carried good and lucky 24. 　　　　　　　　 （mean）
and were possessed of high value， driving numerous people to protect
them.
　　However， the huge number of these decorations increases the
difficulty of conservation efforts.Fortunately， many Chinese artists have
been considering various ways to pass down this culture 25. 　　　　　the next generation.Huang Qingsui， 26. 　　　　　　 Zhuang ethnic art
designer， numbers among these artists.He started collecting decorative
patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013
that now 27. 　　　　　　 （contain） more than 20，000 traditional
decorations.
　　Managing the database consists of three steps.The first is collecting
these traditional patterns through various channels， including
investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been
passed down or 28. 　　　　　　 （contact） museums and
experts.After tracking down a decorative pattern， Huang and his team
take photos and 29. 　　　　　　 （digital） reproduce the patterns on
computer.During the process， they often need to restore damaged
patterns， especially 30. 　　　　　
it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded
or misshapen.The last step involves collecting the data and checking and
correcting any mistakes 31. 　　　　　　 may have occurred during the
earlier steps.
　　The beauty 32. 　　　　　　 （hold） in traditional patterns has
inspired Chinese designers to find 33. 　　　　　　 （they） own style
and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when
they design their works.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的
愿望，具有极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美
丽的装饰图案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的
愿望，具有极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美
丽的装饰图案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。
24. meanings　考查词形转换。空处作carried的宾语，且其前有形容词
修饰，此处应用名词形式；又因空前无限定词修饰，再结合语境可
知，此处表示不止一种含义。故填meanings。
25. to　考查介词。pass down sth to sb意为“使……世代相传”，为固
定搭配。
26. a　考查冠词。该处泛指“一位壮族艺术设计师”，应用不定冠
词，且Zhuang的发音以辅音音素开头，故1填a。
27. contains　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处
that引导定语从句，指代上文的an online database，表单数概念，因此
从句的谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时。
28. contacting　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or以及investigating and
visiting可知，空处作介词including的宾语，应与investigating和visiting
的形式保持一致，故填contacting。
29. digitally　考查词形转换。空处修饰动词reproduce，故填副词
digitally。
30. when　考查固定句型。when it comes to ...为固定句型，意为
“当涉及……时”。
31. that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指
代先行词mistakes，先行词由不定代词any修饰，关系词在从句中作主
语，故填that。
32. held　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语
动词。beauty和hold之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后
置定语。
33. their　考查代词。此处表示所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词。
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