资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.Although warned the danger of alcohol 　　　　　　　　（滥用）， many people do not take the warning seriously.
2.Police are dealing with the 　　　　　　（偷窃） of computers from the company’s offices.
3.I took a coin out of my 　　　　　　（钱包） and gave it to the child.
4.The 　　　　　　（费用） have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a month.
5.Life mainly consists of happiness and s　　　　 while happiness consists in struggle.
6.The company h　　　　　　　　 temporary employees to manage the increased workload during the busy holiday season.
维度二：词形转换
1.You are to meet with 　　　　　　（frustrate） in the pursuit of success.
2.More people will be doing the work with proper 　　　　　　　　（supervise） and thus， more safely.
3.The 　　　　　　（theft） ran away quickly to avoid being caught by the policeman.
4.We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal yesterday.It was so 　　　　　　（expense）！
5.Seeing my father in so much pain was the most 　　　　　　（sorrow） and painful experience that I had ever faced.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Much to our relief， though the airport was foggy， our plane 　　　　　　　　（起飞） smoothly.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （不管下不下雨），I shall go out for an outing tomorrow.
3.If you invest now，you will be buying 　　　　　　　　　　　　（以最低价格）.The shares are at their lowest today.
4.She decided to 　　　　　　（出租） a room to get extra income.
5.No other organisation was able or willing to 　　　　　　（承担） the job.
6.Zhang Guimei is fighting for a noble cause 　　　　　　　　　　　　（以损害她的健康为代价）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
　　Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a study to examine how jobs below a person’s skill level affect future employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，210 job listings posted in five major cities across the US.He varied the applications by gender， and also by employment status for the previous year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level， regardless of gender had the lowest chances of getting called for a job interview.
　　These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term， it can significantly hammer one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date.
　　Why might this be the case？ Pedulla conducted a follow-up study with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with each kind of employment history， and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others， but did not believe them to be less committed.
　　The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to employers men’s incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias （偏见） does in fact cut both ways.
1.Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level？（　　）
A.They fear bearing duties.
B.They lack self-confidence.
C.They face a tough economy.
D.They pursue better-paying jobs.
2.How do the researchers carry out the first study？（　　）
A.By conducting interviews.
B.By researching examples.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By doing surveys.
3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hammer” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Ensure. B.Weaken.
C.Test. D.Exercise.
4.What is the employers’ idea according to the follow-up study？（　　）
A.Men are more likely to get promoted.
B.Women are more devoted and capable.
C.Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D.Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
B
　　The sun was rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New York for my new Ph.D.program.The move was good for me professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.
　　Anne， our first daughter， who is brilliant， came into the world when I was a junior majoring in biology in college.It was challenging to balance classes， work schedules， and being a mom.But I got through it and persuaded myself， finding moments of joy along the way.On the nights when I was home， I’d read my class notes out loud with my daughter.She’d respond by asking impressive questions， such as “Mom， what are bacteria？” It helped us both learn.
　　After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D.to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.I arrived in New York feeling more than the usual new-grad-student anxiety.I also suffered from a more personal fear that I was being selfish — that my decision to invigorate my career was going to have long-term negative impacts on my kids.
　　Over the past year， though， I’ve started to let go of some of this worry.I’ve realized that we have not only adapted to our new situation， but things are getting better.My husband landed a job that he is happy with.Anne dreams of becoming a marine biologist.Recently， while driving past the cancer institution I work at， Anne said， “Thinking about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”
　　Navigating academia as a young mother is hard， but it’s also rewarding.My kids are learning to look at the world through the lens of science， and watching their mom succeed inspires them.I look forward to seeing them follow my footsteps， whatever path they choose.
5.How did the writer feel about the move for her Ph.D.program？（　　）
A.It was fruitful but exhausting.
B.It was the last thing she would do.
C.It was hopeful but challenging.
D.It was promising for the whole family.
6.Which can best replace the word “invigorate” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Boost. B.Change.
C.Create. D.Choose.
7.What could be inferred from Anne’s words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.People are afraid of having cancer.
B.Cancer is health enemy No.1.
C.Her mother takes her job seriously.
D.Anne is proud of her mother.
8.What might be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Onwards and Upwards
B.Double Gains of Mom’s Pursuit
C.Like Mother Like Daughter
D.Generation Gap Narrowed by Love
C
　　Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash.Would you return it to its owner？ Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes.Would that change your response？ Does it depend on the amount of money？ And how do you think other people would react？
　　Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one another， society would fall apart.Honesty is therefore studied academically.Most work in the area， though， takes place under controlled conditions in labs， often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world， covering 40 countries， 355 cities and more than 17，000 people.
　　As the team report this week in Science， Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet to the receptionist， saying they had found it on the street outside.Each wallet contains contact details.Importantly， some wallets also included $13.45， while others not.Then， the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.
　　In 38 of the 40 countries， the wallets with money were returned more often than those without （51% vs 40%）.In addition， wallets containing a larger sum of money （$94.15） were even more likely （by about another 10%） to be returned than those with less.
　　With greater temptation （诱惑）， then， comes greater honesty — at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly， though， such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others.When surveyed， most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet， the less likely it would be returned.
　　A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival.But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated — particularly when it extends， as in Dr Cohn’s experiments， to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.Be that as it may， as this study shows， such altruism is real and universal.
9.How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous？（　　）
A.It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B.More scientists participated in the research.
C.It was carried out in controlled situations.
D.It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
10.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B.People prefer returning wallets without money.
C.The less money in a wallet， the higher rate of returning.
D.Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
11.What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Doubt of others’ motivations.
B.Concern for others’ needs.
C.The motivation for survival.
D.Understanding of people’s doubt.
12.What’s the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Money Answers All Things
B.Money Makes the Mare Go
C.Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money
D.Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　The cost-of-living crisis will hit us hard with rising energy prices and increasing costs.However， things aren’t totally hopeless.13.（　　）
　　Accountability （责任心）
　　The cost-of-living crisis will force us all to prioritize what we spend money on.14.（　　） If you need more discipline in this area， a responsible partner or group might be the answer.According to productivity experts， you are more likely to stay responsible for your goals if you know you have to periodically check in with another person.
　　Item exchanging
　　We generally tend to spend more in the cold months.And when you have an entire household of people to provide for， the cost can quickly add up.So imagine how much money you could save by acquiring some items without spending an extra penny.Don’t be shy about asking those you are closest to if they have an extra blanket they no longer use， or a toy they are about to get rid of.15.（　　） Besides， you’ll be offering something in return.
　　Information sharing
　　The best thing about a community is the wealth of knowledge.You might not inherit a pair of shoes or a cardigan， but you could get essential money-saving advice.From the latest government support available to where to shop for reduced items， those in your community may hold the key to crucial financial help.16.（　　）
　　Cooking together
　　Banding with your closest friends or neighbors to prepare and share meals works well for small communities.17.（　　） You can simply batch cook， divide the food into portions and meet weekly exchange meals.In this case， you stand to save money and minimize waste in the long run.It’s also a lot of fun.
A.The worst they can do is say “no”.
B.Here’s how your community could help you cope.
C.This is why it will be important for you to voice your needs.
D.Many people are struggling with increasingly high costs of living.
E.That’s not to say you have to be at each other’s houses for dinner every night.
F.However， exchanging things they no longer need will occupy lots of your space.
G.As prices increase， keeping more of our cash for the bare necessities will become vital.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码（scan QR codes）就可以轻松实现“非现金支付”，他对此感到不可思议。请你写一封邮件告知他“非现金支付”在中国的相关情况，内容包括：
　　1.在中国最流行，给人们的日常生活提供了便利；
　　2.快捷且强大的功能：如买早餐，买地铁票；
　　3.改变我们的生活，引领世界。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.abuse　2.theft　3.purse　4.expenses　5.sorrow　6.hired
维度二
1.frustration　2.supervision　3.thief　4.expensive
5.sorrowful
维度三
1.took off
2.Whether it rains or not
3.at rock-bottom prices
4.rent out
5.take on
6.at the expense of her health
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平的工作中工作，会损害你以后找到一份更适合你资历的高薪工作的机会。
1.C　细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，许多人考虑低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段前四句可知，研究人员通过作比较的方法来进行第一项研究。
3.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文These results should serve ...in the short term及其后的one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date，尤其是表示转折的While可知，考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作虽然可以挣到钱，但会削弱一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力。由此猜测，hammer意为“减弱，削弱”，与weaken意思相近。
4.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可推知，雇主的想法是女性在技能低于自己水平的工作中比男性表现更好。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对学业和家庭的双重追求和收获的故事。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The move was good for me professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.可知，作者认为因她的博士项目而搬家既是充满希望的，也是具有挑战性的。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D.to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.可知，作者决定读博士来获得自己想要的工作。由此可知，这个决定是为了促进自己的事业发展，因此猜测画线词invigorate意为“促进，帮助”，可用动词boost替换。
7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Anne said，“Thinking about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”可推知，安妮以她的母亲为荣。
8.B　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者为了攻读博士学位搬家，但她担心丈夫和孩子不适应新环境。但最后的结果很好，丈夫找到了新工作，女儿也在她的影响下有了梦想和追求，自己也在工作领域发展得很好。因此B项（妈妈追求的双重收获）为文章的最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个钱包的实验表明，诱惑越大，人们越讲诚信。这与人们原本的期望相反。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，不同于以往的研究，Alain Cohn的研究涵盖了不同的受试者和背景。
10.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，该研究显示钱包里的钱越多，就越有可能被归还。
11.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.和其后的is much debated可推知，受到很多争议的是上文提到的这种“做正确的事”——归还他人钱包的“利他行为”的发展方式。由此猜测，画线词意为“利他行为”，即关心他人的需要。
12.D　标题归纳题。文章围绕一个关于诚实行为的研究在全球范围内进行实地实验，发现大多数人倾向于归还他人丢失的钱包，尤其是当钱包里有钞票，且钞票数额越大时，人们越倾向于采取诚实行为。这与人们对于他人是否诚信的预期相反。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种节约生活成本的方法。
13.B　上文引出话题：生活成本危机。下文具体介绍了几种在社区中节约生活成本的方法。B项（以下是你的社区可以帮助你应对的方法）承上启下。
14.G　上句提到优先考虑把钱花在什么地方。G项（随着物价的上涨，为生活必需品保留更多的现金将变得至关重要）承接上文。
15.A　上句提到向亲近的人要东西。空处应说明他们对此要求的反应。A项（他们能做的最坏的事就是说“不”）承接上文。
16.C　上句提到社区的人可能掌握着获得重要经济帮助的关键，要利用社区的作用。C项（这就是为什么说出你的需求对你来说很重要）承接上文。
17.E　上句提到和你最亲密的朋友或邻居分享食物；下句说明把食物分成几份，每周交换一次饭。E项（这并不是说你们每天晚上都要去对方家里吃晚饭）承上启下。
Ⅲ.
Dear Tom，
How are you？ Glad to tell you something about non-cash payments in China.
Non-cash payments are most popular in China.They have made people’s daily lives more and more convenient.Most of us are used to paying by scanning QR codes.By non-cash payments， we can pay easily wherever we go.For example， we can buy breakfast on the street and purchase tickets in the subway station by scanning QR codes.This is a glimpse into the life of most Chinese people — allowing us to bid farewell to the wallet and cash.Non-cash payments have greatly changed people’s lives in China.It seems that China is really leading in some ways and is also sweeping other nations.
Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
What’s mine is yours.
We’ve been told since we were toddlers that “It’s good to share”.Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows① with others.When we grow up， we share photos， life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media. [1]Taking it as an object② of study， psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding.
　　[1] 本句为主从复合句。Taking it as an object of study为动词-ing短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
Today， the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives — the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares， and even to pet shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices， [2]all delivered at the click of a button.[3]Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ， it’s out there.Whether we’re a lender or a borrower， it’s a win-win situation； everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.What’s more， sharing encourages us to reuse items， thereby cutting down on waste.And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
　　[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
[3]句中Whether ...or ...引导状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；from which we can ...a couple of days为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
　　But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity， the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market， often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.In addition， the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes， and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.Finally， personal data， the heart of the sharing economy， is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives， including our names， locations， bank information， and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet， the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement， and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
　　Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next？ Who will be sharing and how？ And the most interesting question of all — what type of society will all this sharing take us to？
　　[4]句中As为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。
　　[5]句中such ...that引导结果状语从句；在从句中what引导宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①sorrow n.令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n.（极欲得到、研究、注意等的）对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
④state v.陈述，说明
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
⑦take on 具有（特征、外观等），呈现
⑧frustration n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from ...to ...
从……到……不同
⑩take off 走红，突然成功
response n.回应
increasing demand for
对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj.有竞争力的
deliver v.传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes
名牌服装
rock-bottom price
最低价格
rent out 出租（房屋、房间、土地等）
a couple of days 几天
cut down （on sth）
减少，削减
existing regulation 现有法规
ongoing supervision
持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n.股份，份额
expense n.费用，花费
at the expense of
以损害……为代价
be subject to
可能受……影响的
abuse n.滥用
property n.财产，财物
victim n.受害者
theft n.偷窃，偷盗
secure adj.安全的
potential risks
潜在的风险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to与……相关
【参考译文】
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱：从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
　　我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
　　但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the first paragraph？（　　）
A.An object to study.
B.Sharing.
C.The thing shared with others.
D.Social media.
2.Which of the following sentences is WRONG？（　　）
A.The action of sharing has new meanings.
B.We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C.It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D.We can also make money through sharing.
3.Sharing can cut down on waste because 　　　.（　　）
A.we can reuse items by sharing
B.we can use items that other people don’t use
C.sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D.sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4.What can be talked about in the next paragraph？（　　）
A.What we will share in the future.
B.How to share with others in the future.
C.The categories of sharing.
D.The type of society that sharing will take us to.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time.
句式分析 句中两个that均引导　　　　从句，or连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作　　　　状语。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Nonetheless， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
句式分析 句中what引导　　　　从句，that引导　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
sorrow n.令人悲伤的事，不幸；悲伤，悲痛
【教材原句】　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows with others.父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
【用法】
（1）in deep sorrow　　　　深深地感到悲哀 to one’s sorrow 令某人伤心的是 share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦 （2）sorrowful adj.悲伤的，悲痛的，悲哀的 sorrowful eyes 悲伤的眼睛
【佳句】　At that moment， words couldn’t express my sorrow.
在那一刻，言语无法表达我的悲伤。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 her sorrow， she had her smartphone stolen on her way to the library.
②When the great man passed away， the whole nation was 　　　　　　deep sorrow.
【写美】　补全句子
③They developed their friendship to a stage where they often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们的友谊已发展到了同甘共苦的地步。
take on呈现；较量；承担；接受；从事；开始雇用
【教材原句】　Today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning.如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。
【用法】
take off　　　　　　　起飞；脱下；休假；开始 成功 take over 控制；接管 take in 吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟 take up 占据；从事
【佳句】　Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public places clean in order to build a more beautiful city.
为了建设一个更加美丽的城市，每个公民都应该承担起保持公共场所清洁的责任。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It has been demonstrated that cigarette advertising does encourage children to take 　　　　　　smoking.
②When we got to the airport， the plane carrying him had taken 　　　　　　.
③She decided that I was the ideal person to take 　　　　　　the job.
【写美】　补全句子
④I could hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。
rent out出租（房屋、房间、土地等）
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
【用法】
（1）rent for　　　　　　租金为 （2）pay/cover the rent 付租金 afford the rent 负担得起租金 for rent　　　　　　　出租；招租 a low/high/fair rent 低的/高的/合理的 租金 put the rent up 提高租金
【佳句】　The land was rented out to other farmers in the village， for the owner of the land went to work in the city.
这片土地租给了村里其他农民，因为土地的主人到城市里工作了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is also a lack of affordable housing 　　　　　　　　rent or purchase by young couples.
②During this weekend we decided to rent 　　　　　a boat and row down the river.
③The new apartment with simple furniture rents 　　　　　　$2，000 a year.
【写美】　补全句子
④A social survey shows that most people can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for a downtown apartment.一份社会调查表明，大多数人付不起市中心公寓的昂贵租金。
at the expense of以损害……为代价
【教材原句】　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
【用法】
at one’s expense　　　　　由某人付钱 spare no expense （in doing sth） 不惜费用（做某事） at great/vast expense 以巨大的代价 living/household expenses 生活费用/家庭支出
【佳句】　Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of the ecological environment.实现经济发展不应该以损害生态环境为代价。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is wrong for the factory to aim at sheer quantity at 　　　　　　　　　expense of quality.
②We were taken out for a meal 　　　　　　the company’s expense.
【写美】　补全句子
③Wherever you are， I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　you.
无论你在哪里，我都会不惜代价找你。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：whether ...or ...引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
【用法】
whether ...or ...不管……还是……，引导让步状语从句。 （1）whether ...or ...后面可以接动词不定式、形容词或其他短语。 （2）whether ...or ...引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。 （3）whether （...） or not 是否；不管是否
【品悟】　Whether he is right or wrong，he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently.
不管他是对是错，他总是在争论中表现得最差，因为他说话不合乎逻辑。
【写美】　微写作
①正如俗话所说，无论你们是贫穷还是富有，真正的朋友最终都能经过考验和磨难。（安慰信）
As the saying goes， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， true friends can go through trials and setbacks in the end.
②我想知道我们是应该先演奏一种音乐还是不同风格的音乐。（日常活动）
I’d like to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
music of different styles to start with.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.topic　2.sharing　3.benefits　4.problems　5.future
第二步
1－4　BCAD
第三步
1.定语　目的　我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱。
2.主语　表语　尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①To　②in　③shared joys and sorrows
2.①up　②off　③over　④take in what the old man said
3.①for　②out　③for　④afford the high rent
4.①the　②at　③spare no expense in finding
重点句型解构
　①whether you are poor or rich　②whether we should play one kind of music or
7 / 7(共96张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
What’s mine is yours.
　　We’ve been told since we were toddlers that “It’s good to
share”.Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks，
books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows① with
others.When we grow up， we share photos， life stories and opinions
with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media.
[1]Taking it as an object② of study， psychologists have published various
papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥
positive emotional bonding.
　　[1] 本句为主从复合句。Taking it as an object of study为动词-ing
短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①sorrow n.令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n.（极欲得到、研究、注意等的）对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
④state v.陈述，说明
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
　　Today， the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It’s not just
about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every
aspect of our lives — the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are
using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and
services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all
of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares， and even to pet
shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is
creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when
and where they want them.
　　This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing
demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices， [2]all
delivered at the click of a button.[3]Whether it’s an online shop
where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a
platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，
it’s out there.Whether we’re a lender or a borrower， it’s a win-win
situation； everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections
and sometimes even make new friends.What’s more， sharing
encourages us to reuse items， thereby cutting down on waste.
And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the
environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
　　[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
　　[3]句中Whether ...or ...引导状语从句；其中where引导定语从
句，先行词为shop；from which we can ...a couple of days为“介词＋
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
⑦take on 具有（特征、外观等），呈现
⑧frustration n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from ...to ...
从……到……不同
⑩take off 走红，突然成功
response n.回应
increasing demand for
对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj.有竞争力的
deliver v.传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes名牌服装
rock-bottom price最低价格
rent out 出租（房屋、房间、土地等）
a couple of days 几天
cut down （on sth）减少，削减
　　But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often
the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity， the
sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing
supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this
situation to expand their share of the market， often at the expense of
more traditional and established companies.In addition， the sharing
economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced
damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes， and others
have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing
rides.Finally， personal data， the heart of the sharing economy，
is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about
almost every part of our lives， including our names， locations， bank
information， and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet， the
technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still
needs improvement， and the awareness of potential risks is low among
both service providers and users.
　　Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is
increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global
economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what
it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next？ Who will be
sharing and how？ And the most interesting question of all — what type of
society will all this sharing take us to？
　　[4]句中As为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主
语。
　　[5]句中such ...that引导结果状语从句；在从句中what引导宾语
从句。
existing regulation 现有法规
ongoing supervision持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n.股份，份额
expense n.费用，花费
at the expense of以损害……为代价
be subject to可能受……影响的
abuse n.滥用
property n.财产，财物
victim n.受害者
theft n.偷窃，偷盗
secure adj.安全的
potential risks潜在的风险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to与……相关
【参考译文】
我的就是你的。
　　我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师
不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有
些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是
社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分
享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建
立积极的情感纽带。
　　如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，
分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分
享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一
直闲置的物品赚钱：从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享
经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有
需求的人们提供服务。
　　我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对
这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实
现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓
短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双
赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候
甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利
用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护
环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
　　但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如
此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一
些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常
以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任
滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成
为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核
心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面
面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，
防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险
的防范意识也较低。
　　尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产
生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什
么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最
有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the
first paragraph？（　　）
A. An object to study.
B. Sharing.
C. The thing shared with others.
D. Social media.
2. Which of the following sentences is WRONG？（　　）
A. The action of sharing has new meanings.
B. We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C. It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D. We can also make money through sharing.
3. Sharing can cut down on waste because 　　　　.（　　）
A. we can reuse items by sharing
B. we can use items that other people don’t use
C. sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D. sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4. What can be talked about in the next paragraph？（　　）
A. What we will share in the future.
B. How to share with others in the future.
C. The categories of sharing.
D. The type of society that sharing will take us to.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods
and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use
ourselves all of the time.
句式分析 句中两个that均引导 从句，or连接两个并列的动
词不定式短语作 状语。
自主翻译

定语　
目的　
我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或
者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱。　
2. Nonetheless， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is
increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global
economy.
句式分析 句中what引导 从句，that引导 从句。
自主翻译

主语　
表语　
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及
全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
sorrow n.令人悲伤的事，不幸；悲伤，悲痛
【教材原句】　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，
snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows with
others.
父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐
的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
【用法】
（1）in deep sorrow　　深深地感到悲哀
to one’s sorrow　　令某人伤心的是
share joys and sorrows　　同甘共苦
（2）sorrowful adj.　　悲伤的，悲痛的，悲哀的
sorrowful eyes　　悲伤的眼睛
【佳句】　At that moment， words couldn’t express my sorrow.
在那一刻，言语无法表达我的悲伤。
【练透】　单句语法填空
① her sorrow， she had her smartphone stolen on her way to the
library.
②When the great man passed away， the whole nation was deep
sorrow.
To　
in　
【写美】　补全句子
③They developed their friendship to a stage where they often
.
他们的友谊已发展到了同甘共苦的地步。
shared
joys and sorrows　
take on呈现；较量；承担；接受；从事；开始雇用
【教材原句】　Today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning.
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。
【用法】
take off　　起飞；脱下；休假；开始成功
take over　　控制；接管
take in　　吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟
take up　　占据；从事
【佳句】　Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public
places clean in order to build a more beautiful city.
为了建设一个更加美丽的城市，每个公民都应该承担起保持公共场所
清洁的责任。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It has been demonstrated that cigarette advertising does encourage
children to take smoking.
②When we got to the airport， the plane carrying him had taken .
③She decided that I was the ideal person to take the job.
up　
off　
over　
【写美】　补全句子
④I could hardly .
我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。
take in what the old man said　
rent out出租（房屋、房间、土地等）
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer
clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out
our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租
几天的平台，都已出现。
【用法】
（1）rent for　　　　　　租金为
（2）pay/cover the rent　　付租金
afford the rent　　负担得起租金
for rent　　出租；招租
a low/high/fair rent　　低的/高的/合理的租金
put the rent up　　提高租金
【佳句】　The land was rented out to other farmers in the village， for
the owner of the land went to work in the city.
这片土地租给了村里其他农民，因为土地的主人到城市里工作了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is also a lack of affordable housing rent or purchase by
young couples.
②During this weekend we decided to rent a boat and row down
the river.
③The new apartment with simple furniture rents $2，000 a year.
for　
out　
for　
【写美】　补全句子
④A social survey shows that most people can’t
for a downtown apartment.
一份社会调查表明，大多数人付不起市中心公寓的昂贵租金。
afford the high rent　
at the expense of以损害……为代价
【教材原句】　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this
situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more
traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通
常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
【用法】
at one’s expense　　由某人付钱
spare no expense （in doing sth）不惜费用（做某事）
at great/vast expense　　以巨大的代价
living/household expenses　　生活费用/家庭支出
【佳句】　Economic development should not be achieved at the expense
of the ecological environment.
实现经济发展不应该以损害生态环境为代价。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is wrong for the factory to aim at sheer quantity at expense of
quality.
②We were taken out for a meal the company’s expense.
the　
at　
【写美】　补全句子
③Wherever you are， I’ll you.
无论你在哪里，我都会不惜代价找你。
spare no expense in finding　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：whether ...or ...引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer
clothes at rock-bottom prices， or a platform from which we can rent out
our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租
几天的平台，都已出现。
【用法】
whether ...or ...不管……还是……，引导让步状语从句。
（1）whether ...or ...后面可以接动词不定式、形容词或其他短
语。
（2）whether ...or ...引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
（3）whether （...） or not 是否；不管是否
【品悟】　Whether he is right or wrong，he always comes off worst in
an argument because of his inability to speak coherently.
不管他是对是错，他总是在争论中表现得最差，因为他说话不合
乎逻辑。
【写美】　微写作
①正如俗话所说，无论你们是贫穷还是富有，真正的朋友最终都能经
过考验和磨难。（安慰信）
As the saying goes， ， true friends can
go through trials and setbacks in the end.
②我想知道我们是应该先演奏一种音乐还是不同风格的音乐。（日常
活动）
I’d like to know music
of different styles to start with.
whether you are poor or rich　
whether we should play one kind of music or　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. Although warned the danger of alcohol （滥用）， many
people do not take the warning seriously.
2. Police are dealing with the （偷窃） of computers from the
company’s offices.
3. I took a coin out of my （钱包） and gave it to the child.
abuse　
theft　
purse　
4. The （费用） have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a
month.
5. Life mainly consists of happiness and s while happiness
consists in struggle.
6. The company h temporary employees to manage the increased
workload during the busy holiday season.
expenses　
orrow　
ired　
维度二：词形转换
1. You are to meet with （frustrate） in the pursuit of
success.
2. More people will be doing the work with proper
（supervise） and thus， more safely.
3. The （theft） ran away quickly to avoid being caught by the
policeman.
4. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal yesterday.It was
so （expense）！
5. Seeing my father in so much pain was the most
（sorrow） and painful experience that I had ever faced.
frustration　
supervision　
thief　
expensive　
sorrowful　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Much to our relief， though the airport was foggy， our plane
（起飞） smoothly.
2. （不管下不下雨），I shall go out for an
outing tomorrow.
3. If you invest now，you will be buying （以
最低价格）.The shares are at their lowest today.
4. She decided to （出租） a room to get extra income.
5. No other organisation was able or willing to （承担） the
job.
6. Zhang Guimei is fighting for a noble cause
（以损害她的健康为代价）.
took
off　
Whether it rains or not　
at rock-bottom prices　
rent out　
take on　
at the expense of her
health　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in
worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job
below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-
paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
　　Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a
study to examine how jobs below a person’s skill level affect future
employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，
210 job listings posted in five major cities across the US. He varied the
applications by gender， and also by employment status for the previous
year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the
results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working
below their skill level， regardless of gender had the lowest chances of
getting called for a job interview.
　　These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a
job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term， it
can significantly hammer one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level
and pay grade at a later date.
　　Why might this be the case？ Pedulla conducted a follow-up study
with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with
each kind of employment history， and how likely they would be to
recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that
employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill
level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment
situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their
skill level were less competent than others， but did not believe them to be
less committed.
　　The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to
employers men’s incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a
disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias （偏见） does in fact cut
both ways.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平
的工作中工作，会损害你以后找到一份更适合你资历的高薪工作的
机会。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平
的工作中工作，会损害你以后找到一份更适合你资历的高薪工作的
机会。
1. Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level？（　　）
A. They fear bearing duties.
B. They lack self-confidence.
C. They face a tough economy.
D. They pursue better-paying jobs.
解析：　细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，许多人考虑低于自己
技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。
2. How do the researchers carry out the first study？（　　）
A. By conducting interviews.
B. By researching examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By doing surveys.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段前四句可知，研究人员通过作
比较的方法来进行第一项研究。
3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word
“hammer” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Ensure. B. Weaken.
C. Test. D. Exercise.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文These results should
serve ...in the short term及其后的one’s ability to return to the
relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date，尤其是表示转折的
While可知，考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作虽然可以挣到钱，
但会削弱一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力。由此
猜测，hammer意为“减弱，削弱”，与weaken意思相近。
4. What is the employers’ idea according to the follow-up study？
（　　）
A. Men are more likely to get promoted.
B. Women are more devoted and capable.
C. Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D. Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可推知，雇主的
想法是女性在技能低于自己水平的工作中比男性表现更好。
B
　　The sun was rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New
York for my new Ph.D. program.The move was good for me
professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also
feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they
deserved.
　　Anne， our first daughter， who is brilliant， came into the world
when I was a junior majoring in biology in college.It was challenging to
balance classes， work schedules， and being a mom.But I got through it
and persuaded myself， finding moments of joy along the way.On the
nights when I was home， I’d read my class notes out loud with my
daughter.She’d respond by asking impressive questions， such as
“Mom， what are bacteria？” It helped us both learn.
　　After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D. to land the kind
of job I was fascinated by.I arrived in New York feeling more than the
usual new-grad-student anxiety.I also suffered from a more personal fear
that I was being selfish — that my decision to invigorate my career was
going to have long-term negative impacts on my kids.
　　Over the past year， though， I’ve started to let go of some of this
worry.I’ve realized that we have not only adapted to our new situation，
but things are getting better.My husband landed a job that he is happy
with.Anne dreams of becoming a marine biologist.Recently， while
driving past the cancer institution I work at， Anne said， “Thinking
about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you
are researching it to help.”
　　Navigating academia as a young mother is hard， but it’s also
rewarding.My kids are learning to look at the world through the lens of
science， and watching their mom succeed inspires them.I look forward to
seeing them follow my footsteps， whatever path they choose.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对学业和家庭
的双重追求和收获的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对学业和家庭
的双重追求和收获的故事。
5. How did the writer feel about the move for her Ph.D. program？
（　　）
A. It was fruitful but exhausting.
B. It was the last thing she would do.
C. It was hopeful but challenging.
D. It was promising for the whole family.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The move was good for me
professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also
feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they
deserved.可知，作者认为因她的博士项目而搬家既是充满希望的，
也是具有挑战性的。
6. Which can best replace the word “invigorate” in Paragraph 3？
（　　）
A. Boost. B. Change.
C. Create. D. Choose.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的After I graduated， I knew
that I would need a Ph.D. to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.
可知，作者决定读博士来获得自己想要的工作。由此可知，这个决
定是为了促进自己的事业发展，因此猜测画线词invigorate意为“促
进，帮助”，可用动词boost替换。
7. What could be inferred from Anne’s words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. People are afraid of having cancer.
B. Cancer is health enemy No.1.
C. Her mother takes her job seriously.
D. Anne is proud of her mother.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Anne said，“Thinking
about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that
you are researching it to help.”可推知，安妮以她的母亲为荣。
8. What might be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Onwards and Upwards
B. Double Gains of Mom’s Pursuit
C. Like Mother Like Daughter
D. Generation Gap Narrowed by Love
解析： 　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者为了攻读博士学位搬
家，但她担心丈夫和孩子不适应新环境。但最后的结果很好，丈夫
找到了新工作，女儿也在她的影响下有了梦想和追求，自己也在工
作领域发展得很好。因此B项（妈妈追求的双重收获）为文章的最
佳标题。
C
　　Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details
but no cash.Would you return it to its owner？ Now imagine the same
wallet contained a few banknotes.Would that change your response？
Does it depend on the amount of money？ And how do you think other
people would react？
　　Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one
another， society would fall apart.Honesty is therefore studied
academically.Most work in the area， though， takes place under
controlled conditions in labs， often featuring well-off and well-educated
Westerners as its subjects.By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of
Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around
the world， covering 40 countries， 355 cities and more than 17，000
people.
　　As the team report this week in Science， Dr Cohn’s research
assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet to the
receptionist， saying they had found it on the street outside.Each wallet
contains contact details.Importantly， some wallets also included
$13.45， while others not.Then， the team simply waited to see who
would return the wallet.
　　In 38 of the 40 countries， the wallets with money were returned
more often than those without （51% vs 40%）.In addition， wallets
containing a larger sum of money （$94.15） were even more likely （by
about another 10%） to be returned than those with less.
　　With greater temptation （诱惑）， then， comes greater honesty —
at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly， though， such
honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others.When
surveyed， most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a
wallet， the less likely it would be returned.
　　A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for
survival.But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a
powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated —
particularly when it extends， as in Dr Cohn’s experiments， to
strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.Be that as it
may， as this study shows， such altruism is real and universal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个钱包的实验表明，诱
惑越大，人们越讲诚信。这与人们原本的期望相反。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个钱包的实验表明，诱
惑越大，人们越讲诚信。这与人们原本的期望相反。
9. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous？（　　）
A. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C. It was carried out in controlled situations.
D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，不同于以往的
研究，Alain Cohn的研究涵盖了不同的受试者和背景。
10. What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A. Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet， the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，该研究显示钱
包里的钱越多，就越有可能被归还。
11. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Doubt of others’ motivations.
B. Concern for others’ needs.
C. The motivation for survival.
D. Understanding of people’s doubt.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文But the warm inner
thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.和
其后的is much debated可推知，受到很多争议的是上文提到的这种
“做正确的事”——归还他人钱包的“利他行为”的发展方式。
由此猜测，画线词意为“利他行为”，即关心他人的需要。
12. What’s the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Money Answers All Things
B. Money Makes the Mare Go
C. Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money
D. Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round
解析： 　标题归纳题。文章围绕一个关于诚实行为的研究在全
球范围内进行实地实验，发现大多数人倾向于归还他人丢失的钱
包，尤其是当钱包里有钞票，且钞票数额越大时，人们越倾向于
采取诚实行为。这与人们对于他人是否诚信的预期相反。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　The cost-of-living crisis will hit us hard with rising energy prices and
increasing costs.However， things aren’t totally hopeless.13.（　　）
　　Accountability （责任心）
　　The cost-of-living crisis will force us all to prioritize what we spend
money on.14.（　　） If you need more discipline in this area， a
responsible partner or group might be the answer.According to
productivity experts， you are more likely to stay responsible for your
goals if you know you have to periodically check in with another person.
　　Item exchanging
　　We generally tend to spend more in the cold months.And when you
have an entire household of people to provide for， the cost can quickly
add up.So imagine how much money you could save by acquiring some
items without spending an extra penny.Don’t be shy about asking those
you are closest to if they have an extra blanket they no longer use， or a
toy they are about to get rid of.15.（　　） Besides， you’ll be
offering something in return.
　　Information sharing
　　The best thing about a community is the wealth of knowledge.You
might not inherit a pair of shoes or a cardigan， but you could get essential
money-saving advice.From the latest government support available to
where to shop for reduced items， those in your community may hold the
key to crucial financial help.16.（　　）
　　Cooking together
　　Banding with your closest friends or neighbors to prepare and share
meals works well for small communities.17.（　　） You can simply
batch cook， divide the food into portions and meet weekly exchange
meals.In this case， you stand to save money and minimize waste in the
long run.It’s also a lot of fun.
A. The worst they can do is say “no”.
B. Here’s how your community could help you cope.
C. This is why it will be important for you to voice your needs.
D. Many people are struggling with increasingly high costs of living.
E. That’s not to say you have to be at each other’s houses for dinner
every night.
F. However， exchanging things they no longer need will occupy lots of
your space.
G. As prices increase， keeping more of our cash for the bare necessities
will become vital.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种节约生活成本
的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种节约生活成本
的方法。
13. B　上文引出话题：生活成本危机。下文具体介绍了几种在社区
中节约生活成本的方法。B项（以下是你的社区可以帮助你应对的方
法）承上启下。
14. G　上句提到优先考虑把钱花在什么地方。G项（随着物价的上
涨，为生活必需品保留更多的现金将变得至关重要）承接上文。
15. A　上句提到向亲近的人要东西。空处应说明他们对此要求的反
应。A项（他们能做的最坏的事就是说“不”）承接上文。
16. C　上句提到社区的人可能掌握着获得重要经济帮助的关键，要
利用社区的作用。C项（这就是为什么说出你的需求对你来说很重
要）承接上文。
17. E　上句提到和你最亲密的朋友或邻居分享食物；下句说明把食物
分成几份，每周交换一次饭。E项（这并不是说你们每天晚上都要去
对方家里吃晚饭）承上启下。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码
（scan QR codes）就可以轻松实现“非现金支付”，他对此感到不可
思议。请你写一封邮件告知他“非现金支付”在中国的相关情况，内
容包括：
　　1. 在中国最流行，给人们的日常生活提供了便利；
　　2. 快捷且强大的功能：如买早餐，买地铁票；
　　3. 改变我们的生活，引领世界。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
　　How are you？ Glad to tell you something about non-cash payments
in China.
　　Non-cash payments are most popular in China.They have made
people’s daily lives more and more convenient.Most of us are used to
paying by scanning QR codes.By non-cash payments， we can pay easily
wherever we go.For example， we can buy breakfast on the street and
purchase tickets in the subway station by scanning QR codes.This is a
glimpse into the life of most Chinese people — allowing us to bid farewell
to the wallet and cash.Non-cash payments have greatly changed people’s
lives in China.It seems that China is really leading in some ways and is
also sweeping other nations.
　　Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
谢谢观看！

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