资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.Drawing out the extract， she found a 　　　　　（物质） that worked.
2.He said he had not discussed the matter with her.　　　　　　　　　　 （此外）， he had not even contacted her.
3.A m　　　　　　 is a metric unit of length that is equal to one tenth of a centimetre or one thousandth of a metre.
4.They are specially packaged so that they s　　　　 easily.
维度二：词形转换
1.The 　　　　　　　　（note） improvement was attributed to her daily practice and dedication.
2.They accidentally damaged a gas pipe while 　　　　　　（drill）.
3.She’s doing the 　　　　　　（equivalence） job in the new company but for more money.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.He seldom， 　　　　　　（如果有的话）， makes mistakes in his English compositions.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一对年迈的夫妇坐在窗前）， from which they could admire the endless mountains in the distance.
3.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（保持纪录） for the longest consecutive （连续的） amount of time spent in space.
4.The price is ten times what it normally is and totally 　　　　　　　　　　　　（超出……的能力） ordinary people.
5.It was a bright clear morning when we at last 　　　　　　　　（启航） in the ship.
6.Social networks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（提供了……一个窗口） how people live their lives.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　“Some inconspicuous （不起眼的） artifacts， once unearthed and cleaned， can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang， a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit （祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang， Sichuan Province， says of his view of his job.
　　Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study， Xu says. However， discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions.The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing， Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom， illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
　　Speaking of the pit team， Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts： the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research， and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork， both of which require great meticulousness （谨小慎微）. The process of dig needs careful teamwork， and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
1.What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 1 mean？（　　）
A.Discovery. B.Dig.
C.Invention. D.Breakthrough.
2.What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology？（　　）
A.Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B.No change in people’s view.
C.Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D.Increased interest in studying archaeology.
3.What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site？（　　）
A.Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B.Careful teamwork.
C.Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D.The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
4.What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology？（　　）
A.Quick success and instant rewards.
B.Careful teamwork and patience.
C.Decreased attention.
D.Reorganizing materials.
B
　　How many things can you see in the night sky？ A lot！ On a clear night you might see the Moon， some planets， and thousands of sparkling stars.
　　You can see even more with a telescope.You might see stars where you only saw dark space before.You might see that many stars look larger than others.You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue.With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky.And you can see those objects in more and more detail.
　　But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world， on the clearest night of the year.
　　That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
　　You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all， our Sun is a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky， burning brightly， giving us heat and light.The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
　　As a star’s gases burn， they give off light and heat.But when the gas runs out， the star stops burning and begins to die.
　　As the star cools， the outer layers of the star pull in towards the center.The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball.If the star was very small， the star ends up as a cold， dark ball called a black dwarf.If the star was very big， it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed together tighter than anything in the universe.
　　Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble.That’s how tightly this dead star， a black hole， is packed.What pulls the star in towards its center with such power？ It’s the same force that pulls you down when you jump — the force called gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything — even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.
　　So the next time you stare up at the night sky， remember： there’s more in the sky than meets the eyes！ Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes — the great mystery of space.
5.According to the article， what causes a star to die？（　　）
A.As its gases run out， it cools down.
B.It crashes into other stars.
C.It can only live for about a million years.
D.As it gets hotter and hotter， it explodes.
6.What do Paragraphs 6 and 7 mainly tell us？（　　）
A.What a black hole is.
B.Why we can’t see black holes.
C.Black holes have enormous gravity.
D.The formation of black holes.
7.What happens after a star dies？（　　）
A.It burns up all of its gases.
B.It becomes invisible.
C.It falls to the Earth.
D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.
8.Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole？（　　）
A.Most black holes are so far away.
B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.
C.Because as the star’s gases burn， it stops giving off heat and light.
D.Because as a star cools， its outer layers pull in towards its center.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Let’s learn about ancient technology
　　Where we live is surrounded by technology. 9.（　　） And you’re probably reading this over the Internet， where the information reached you almost instantly. With all that tech surrounding us， it’s easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
　　All of our modern things， however， are based on older technologies. And those were based on still older ones. Ancient people didn’t have large machinery and equipment. 10.（　　） And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
　　Not all of these technologies were limited to modern people. The first “kitchen” flames are older still. Ancient human relatives were cooking food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear throwers （掷矛者） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago before modern humans existed.
　　11.（　　） However， then came the discovery of 279，000-year-old stone spear in Ethiopia （埃塞俄比亚）. These pushed that date back. And now it suggests even prehuman species hunted with stone spears.
　　Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and built their cities and monuments. 12.（　　） They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar （沥青） recipes. Scientists detected mystery hole in Great Pyramid of Giza. Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle physics research， scientists have found a large， hidden hole inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza. 13.（　　）
A.Ancient people are really clever.
B.Not all of these technologies are useful.
C.Yet they built monuments even bigger than Stonehenge.
D.They use modern technologies to search for Mayan cities.
E.For example， we are surrounded by skyscrapers and the Internet.
F.Scientists believed the ancient living 80，000 years ago began to throw stone spears.
G.They have made great discoveries， but there is still a lot waiting to be discovered.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack对世界各地的怪坡很感兴趣。请你根据下表给出的信息给他介绍一下中国沈阳的怪坡。
位置 位于沈阳市
简介 长80余米，宽约25米。各种车辆到此下坡不开不走，而上坡不用开却自然向坡上行走
专家 解释 有的说是磁场（magnetic fields）作用，还有的说是视错觉（optical illusions），但各种说法相互矛盾，没有令人满意的解释
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Not Without My Mama
　　Thirty-eight. That was how many stray cats （流浪猫） I had been feeding on the street where I lived. I loved them all， but I did have a favorite. A gigantic yellow cat with blue eyes had seized my heart.
　　I named him Butterball. Often， Butterball would try to jump in my car when I arrived home or come inside my house. I wished that I could bring him inside， but it was not allowed where I lived.
　　Week after week， I fed the large group of cats. Mostly， none of them wanted to be touched. They would eat in a hurry and leave， but not Butterball. He would stick around for head scratches （抓挠）， purring （发出呼噜声） loudly. I noticed that he was always in the company of a small Calico cat.
　　Though not as friendly， she was touchable.
　　One day， my dream came true — I bought my own house. The cats， especially Butterball， watched anxiously as I started moving my things to my new home. I began to be away longer as I set up the new place， but I never forgot to go back and feed them every night. Butterball would jump in my car and try to get in extra hugs.
　　Sometimes， I found him amongst the boxes in the back when I came out with another load. As I packed up the very last load and set out the cats’ nightly dinner， I paused before leaving.
　　The nights were starting to get cold， and soon winter would be upon us. Upstate New York winters can be bitter. Butterball seemed to know I was leaving for good. I peered into his blue eyes and told him， “I will come back for you.” He turned away as if he didn’t believe me.
　　The next day， I returned with a group of friends. We set out a bunch of humane traps and caught the strays one by one. We transported them to a no-kill shelter. All， except Butterball.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.substance　2.Furthermore　3.millimetre　4.stack
维度二
1.notable　2.drilling　3.equivalent
维度三
1.if any
2.In front of the window was sitting an old couple
3.holds/held the record
4.beyond the reach of
5.set sail
6.offer a window into
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。负责挖掘四川省德阳市三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑的许丹阳谈论了他对考古学的看法，考古过程需要精心的团队合作和耐心。
1.B　词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句以及画线词后的the No.4 sacrificial pit（祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang可推知，许丹阳是负责四川德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑挖掘工作的。由此推测，画线词excavation意为“挖掘”，和dig意思相近。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，考古曾经是一个很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的成见。由此推断，三星堆的发现对学生们的考古学观的影响是学生们对学习考古的兴趣增加了。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，该遗址吸引国际关注的原因是那里出土的青铜器和金饰让人们对古蜀国有了新的认识。
4.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四、五句可知，在考古领域取得成功的关键素质是细心的团队合作和耐心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神秘死星——在一年里最晴朗的夜晚，我们用最大的望远镜也看不到这些死去的星星，并说明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的过程。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，当气体耗尽时，星星就会冷却下来，死亡。
6.D　段落大意题。根据第六、七段内容可知，这两段主要告诉我们黑洞的形成。
7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断出，星星死后，就变得看不见了。
8.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的A black hole is so tightly packed ...nothing but blackness.可知，因为黑洞的引力很强，它把光吸进去了，所以看黑洞时看不到光。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代一些非常了不起的科技。
9.E　根据上句可知，本句承接上文对被科技所包围进行举例说明。E项（例如，我们被摩天大楼和互联网包围了）符合语境。
10.C　根据上文All of our modern things ...machinery and equipment.并结合下句可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出古人的伟大之处。C项（然而他们建造了比巨石阵更大的古迹）承接上文。
11.F　根据本段内容可知，本段讲述了石矛的使用时间。F项（科学家认为，8万年前的古人开始投掷石矛）统领全段。
12.D　根据上句可知，本句应承接上句说明科学家是如何寻找的。D项（他们使用现代技术寻找玛雅城市）承接上文。
13.G　根据空前两句可知，本句应对上文科学家的发现进行总结：虽然他们已经有了重大发现，但他们知道还有很多东西等着被发现。G项总结全文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Dear Jack，
I am happy to hear from you again.I would like to share some interesting information about the Shenyang Strange Slope with you.
It is over 80 metres long and around 25 metres wide.Cars can run to the top of the slope without using the engine.The contrary occurs when cars attempt to drift downwards.Experts have attempted to solve the mystery.Commonly they believe this phenomenon results from magnetic fields and optical illusions.Due to lack of a satisfactory explanation， the Strange Slope is still regarded as a mystery.
I hope you can visit the Shenyang Strange Slope some day with me.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home. Butterball seemed very happy to see me again. He wandered over and jumped into my car as usual. But when I tried to close the door， he jumped out and walked off toward the bushes. It looked as if he was going to look for something. I wondered why he was acting so strangely， and decided to keep following it. I followed， looking forward to making new discoveries.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. When he reached the bushes， Calico came out to join him and they both looked at me. I realized that Butterball was not going anywhere without Calico. Gently， I picked up Calico. Butterball followed me. I posted pictures of my cats online. I was surprised when I read a comment from my former neighbor，“I am so glad that you took in the big cat and his mama， too.” At that moment I understood everything.
4 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
DIVING DEEP
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks①.All of them represent② attempts over the centuries to explore Earth’s furthest corners.[1] Among these is the Esmeralda， the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today， some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail， there is little — if any — land on our planet left unexplored③.We have more detailed maps of the Moon， and even of Venus and Mars， than we do of Earth’s own sea bed.
[2]Given④ our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.As with the discovery of the Esmeralda， many archaeological⑤ finds⑥ are made in shallow⑦ waters near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves⑧.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Ne polis， discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD， the ruins⑨ of Ne polis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining⑩ streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history.However， we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure， darkness and extreme cold at vast depths .Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
　　[1]本句为完全倒装句。the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia为 Esmeralda的同位语。
[2]句中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
Amazing biological discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish.[3] In these waters， more than 200 metres deep， where light cannot reach， are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.Imagine bone-white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean’s surface， growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface， the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.Yet there is still life to be found， even around the deep-sea volcanic openings.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet， even in the most extreme circumstances.
[4]Furthermore， the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources， some of which are completely new to us.Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance ， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.In addition， China’s underwater vessels， such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi， have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine， at 7，062 metres， giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.[5] The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed， as well as helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling， taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.
Being a tough environment of complete darkness， enormous pressure and intense cold， the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.However， through closer international scientific， economic and cultural cooperation ， we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier .Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery， and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today.
　　[3]本句为表示地点的介词短语位于句首的倒装句；where引导非限制性定语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures；as if引导表语从句。
[4]本句为复合句。some of which ...为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
[5]本句为复合句。句子主干为The research is giving scientists a greater understanding of ...as well as helping ...； conducted by these vessels为过去分词短语作后置定语；how the sea bed was formed为how引导的宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①shipwreck n.失事的船；沉船
②represent v.代表
③unexplored adj.无人涉足的
④given prep.鉴于
⑤archaeological adj.考古学的；考古的
⑥find n.发现
⑦shallow adj.浅的
⑧beneath the waves
在海浪下
⑨ruin n.废墟
⑩remaining adj.剩下的，余下的
extreme adj.极度的，极端的
depth n.深处；深度
fragment n.碎片；片段
biological adj.生物的；生物学的
at the rate of
以……的速度
transparent adj.透明的
trench n.海沟
be equivalent to
相当于，等于
stack v.（使）整齐地堆起；摞起
capacity n.能力，承受力
notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的
substance n.物质
hold the record
保持纪录
conduct v.实施，执行
identify v.确定；找到，发现
a tough environment
恶劣的环境
enormous adj.巨大的
intense adj.十分强烈的，极度的
beyond the reach of 无法达到；超过……能力之外
cooperation n.合作
mission n.任务，使命
frontier n.边疆；（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘
【参考译文】
潜入深海
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸，每艘都代表了若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有500多年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地已经少之又少了。然而，我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。
基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古学发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有近2，000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史。然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。
　　生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着多达地球上90%的鱼类。在200多米以下，阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。想象一下，在海平面下6，000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度缓慢生长着，它们中有些已经存活了4，000年。
漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些深海发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境下的承受力。
　　此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。此外，中国的水下舰艇如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录7，062米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。
　　深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都是人类探索无法企及的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正走向海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the author’s attitude to ocean exploration？ （　　）
A.Indifferent.　　　 B.Optimistic.
C.Pessimistic. D.Cautious.
2.What can’t we infer from the first paragraph？（　　）
A.The Esmeralda set sail in the 16th century.
B.After the Esmeralda， humans have made much progress in exploring Earth’s furthest corner.
C.The Esmeralda represents attempts to explore the Earth’s furthest corner.
D.There is still a little unexplored land on our planet.
3.The following have been discovered in the ocean depth EXCEPT 　　　.（　　）
A.natural resources
B.extraordinary creatures
C.shipwrecks
D.fragments of the past
4.Why does the author give the examples of China？ （　　）
A.To show how powerful our country is.
B.To show the progress our country has made.
C.To show the oceans can provide priceless natural resources.
D.To show how the sea bed is formed.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
句式分析 句中Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye为　　　　　　句，a strange fish作the barreleye的　　　　语，that引导　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
2.In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface， the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.
句式分析 句中that引导　　　　从句，修饰先行词ocean trenches；过去分词短语stacked one on top of another作　　　　　　。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
be equivalent to 等于，相当于
【教材原句】　 ...the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.
……压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。
【用法】
（1）equivalent adj.　 等同的；等值的；相当的 n. 相等的东西；等量；对应词 the equivalent of/to sth 等于 （2）equivalence n. （用途、功能、尺寸、价值等）相等，对等，相同
【佳句】　Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
八千米约等于五英里。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Many people believe that being wealthy is equivalent 　　　　　　gaining success.
②Here is a simple example showing the 　　　　（equivalent） of the two methods.
【写美】　补全句子
③Breathing such polluted air is 　　　　　　　　　　　smoking ten cigarettes a day.
呼吸污染这么严重的空气等于每天抽十支烟。
notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的n.名人
【教材原句】　Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。
【用法】
（1）notably adv.　　　显著地；尤其 （2）noted adj. 著名的；显著的 be noted for/as ... 因/作为……而闻名 （3）note vt. 注意，记录，注解 n. 笔记 take notes 做笔记
【佳句】　He also said that there was a notable quote：“Heroes come from the people.Every person is remarkable.”
他还说，有一句名言值得注意：“英雄来自人民。每个人都是非凡的。”
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The proposed new structure is 　　　　　（note） not only for its height， but for its shape.
②This has not been a 　　　　　　（notable） successful project.
③The hotel restaurant is noted 　　　　　　its excellent cuisine.
【写美】　补全句子
④Since it was founded in 1911， Tsinghua University has produced 　　　　　　　　　in science， business， academia and culture.
自1911年建校以来，清华大学培养了许多科学、商业、学术和文化领域的杰出领袖。
hold the record 保持纪录
【教材原句】　The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine ...
“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录……
【用法】
（1）break a record　　　　打破纪录 hold/keep a record 保持纪录 set a record 创纪录 keep records/a record of 记录；把……记录下来 on record 有记录的，记录在案的 （2）it is recorded that ... 据记载……
【佳句】　I don’t know who previously held the record.我不知道谁以前保持的这个记录。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He planted a little apple tree and kept 　　　　（record） of its growth every month.
②It was the warmest year 　　　　　record， with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.
【写美】　补全句子
③Congratulations to her for completing this very difficult challenge and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， too.祝贺她完成了这个非常困难的挑战，并且也创造了一项新纪录。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：作表语的动词-ing形式置于句首引起的完全倒装句
【教材原句】　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
【用法】
本句是一个完全倒装句，An estimated three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe.是其正常语序。作表语的分词或形容词，有时可以移到句首，对动作或状态加以强调。
【品悟】　Look！Moving under the bridge are a group of sheep.
看！一群羊正在桥下走动。
【写美】　微写作
①站在演讲厅前面的是一位来自澳大利亚的著名科学家。（日常活动）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a famous scientist from Australia.
②躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。（动作描写）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a wounded peasant boy.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.to have been buried　2.offer a window into　
3.to be discovered　4.capacity　5.natural resources　
6.understanding　7.identify　8.familiar
第二步
1－4　BDDC
第三步
1.完全倒装　同位　定语　漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。
2.定语　后置定语　在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to　②equivalence　③the equivalent of/to
2.①notable　②notably　③for/as　④many notable leaders
3.①records　②on　③setting a new record
重点句型解构
①Standing in the front of the lecture hall is　②Lying on the floor is
7 / 7(共86张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
DIVING DEEP
　　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million
shipwrecks①.All of them represent② attempts over the centuries to explore
Earth’s furthest corners.[1] Among these is the Esmeralda， the earliest
wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today， some
500 years after the Esmeralda set sail， there is little — if any — land on
our planet left unexplored③.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，
and even of Venus and Mars， than we do of Earth’s own sea bed.
　　[2]Given④ our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no surprise that
exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various
scientific fields.As with the discovery of the Esmeralda， many
archaeological⑤ finds⑥ are made in shallow⑦ waters near the coast.These
may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves⑧.One such
find is the ancient Roman city of Ne polis， discovered off the coast of
Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the
fourth century AD， the ruins⑨ of Ne polis are almost 2，000 years
old.The remaining⑩ streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating
period in our history.However， we are only beginning to overcome the
challenges of pressure， darkness and extreme cold at vast depths
.Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting
to be discovered.
　　[1]本句为完全倒装句。the earliest wreck from the age of the
European exploration of Asia为 Esmeralda的同位语。
　　[2]句中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
【读文清障】
①shipwreck n.失事的船；沉船
②represent v.代表
③unexplored adj.无人涉足的
④given prep.鉴于
⑤archaeological adj.考古学的；考古的
⑥find n.发现
⑦shallow adj.浅的
⑧beneath the waves在海浪下
⑨ruin n.废墟
⑩remaining adj.剩下的，余下的
extreme adj.极度的，极端的
depth n.深处；深度
fragment n.碎片；片段
　　Amazing biological discoveries are also being made.The dark zones
of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish.[3] In
these waters， more than 200 metres deep， where light cannot reach，
are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science
fiction.Imagine bone-white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean’s
surface， growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per
year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these
black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look
upwards through its transparent forehead.In the very deepest ocean
trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface，
the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of
another.Yet there is still life to be found， even around the deep-sea
volcanic openings.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity
for life on our planet， even in the most extreme circumstances.
　　[4]Furthermore， the oceans are a valuable source of natural
resources， some of which are completely new to us.Most notable of
these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance ， known as “fire
ice”， under the South China Sea.In addition， China’s underwater
vessels， such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi， have been exploring
waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the
record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine， at 7，062 metres，
giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.[5] The
research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater
understanding of how the sea bed was formed， as well as helping identify
areas for deep-sea drilling， taking deep-sea exploration into a whole
new era.
　　Being a tough environment of complete darkness， enormous
pressure and intense cold， the ocean depths have long been beyond the
reach of human exploration.However， through closer international
scientific， economic and cultural cooperation ， we are all becoming
part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier
.Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery， and the world
beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we
walk upon today.
　　[3]本句为表示地点的介词短语位于句首的倒装句；where引导非
限制性定语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures；as if引导
表语从句。
　　[4]本句为复合句。some of which ...为“代词＋介词＋关系代
词”引导的定语从句。
　　[5]本句为复合句。句子主干为The research is giving scientists a
greater understanding of ...as well as helping ...； conducted by these
vessels为过去分词短语作后置定语；how the sea bed was formed为how
引导的宾语从句。
biological adj.生物的；生物学的
at the rate of以……的速度
transparent adj.透明的
trench n.海沟
be equivalent to相当于，等于
stack v.（使）整齐地堆起；摞起
capacity n.能力，承受力
notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的
substance n.物质
hold the record保持纪录
conduct v.实施，执行
identify v.确定；找到，发现
a tough environment恶劣的环境
enormous adj.巨大的
intense adj.十分强烈的，极度的
beyond the reach of 无法达到；超过……能力之外
cooperation n.合作
mission n.任务，使命
frontier n.边疆；（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘
　　全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸，每艘都代表了若干世
纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”
号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯
梅拉达”号起航已有500多年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地已
经少之又少了。然而，我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不
上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。
【参考译文】
潜入深海
　　基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发
现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一
样，很多考古学发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包
括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马
城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹
没，其废墟至今已有近2，000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我
们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史。然而，我们才刚
刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去
的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。
　　生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着多达
地球上90%的鱼类。在200多米以下，阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着
一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。想象一
下，在海平面下6，000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的
速度缓慢生长着，它们中有些已经存活了4，000年。漆黑的深海里管
眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上
看。在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机
堆叠在一起。然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周
围也有生命。这些深海发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至
是在最极端的环境下的承受力。
　　此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全
是新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的被称为“可燃冰”
的冰状物质。此外，中国的水下舰艇如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”
号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的
最深下潜纪录7，062米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借
助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过
程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。
　　深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来
都是人类探索无法企及的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济
以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与
者。人类正走向海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚
下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly
and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the author’s attitude to ocean exploration？ （　　）
A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic.
C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious.
2. What can’t we infer from the first paragraph？（　　）
A. The Esmeralda set sail in the 16th century.
B. After the Esmeralda， humans have made much progress in exploring
Earth’s furthest corner.
C. The Esmeralda represents attempts to explore the Earth’s furthest
corner.
D. There is still a little unexplored land on our planet.
3. The following have been discovered in the ocean depth
EXCEPT 　　　.（　　）
A. natural resources
B. extraordinary creatures
C. shipwrecks
D. fragments of the past
4. Why does the author give the examples of China？ （　　）
A. To show how powerful our country is.
B. To show the progress our country has made.
C. To show the oceans can provide priceless natural resources.
D. To show how the sea bed is formed.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1. Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish
with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
句式分析 句中Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye
为 句，a strange fish作the barreleye的 语，that
引导 从句。
自主翻译

完全倒装　
同位　
定语　
漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其
眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。　
2. In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres
below the surface，the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked
one on top of another.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，修饰先行词ocean trenches；
过去分词短语stacked one on top of another作 。
自主翻译

定语　
后置定语　
在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当
于50架飞机堆叠在一起。　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
be equivalent to 等于，相当于
【教材原句】　 ...the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked
one on top of another.
……压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。
【用法】
（1）equivalent adj.　　等同的；等值的；相当的
n.　　相等的东西；等量；对应词
the equivalent of/to sth 等于
（2）equivalence n.　　（用途、功能、尺寸、价值等）相等，对
等，相同
【佳句】　Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.八千米
约等于五英里。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Many people believe that being wealthy is equivalent gaining
success.
②Here is a simple example showing the （equivalent）
of the two methods.
to　
equivalence　
【写美】　补全句子
③Breathing such polluted air is smoking ten
cigarettes a day.
呼吸污染这么严重的空气等于每天抽十支烟。
the equivalent of/to　
notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的n.名人
【教材原句】　Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-
like substance， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.
最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。
【用法】
（1）notably adv.　　显著地；尤其
（2）noted adj.　　著名的；显著的
be noted for/as ...　　因/作为……而闻名
（3）note vt.　　注意，记录，注解
n.　　笔记
take notes　　做笔记
【佳句】　He also said that there was a notable quote：“Heroes come
from the people.Every person is remarkable.”
他还说，有一句名言值得注意：“英雄来自人民。每个人都是非凡
的。”
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The proposed new structure is （note） not only for its
height， but for its shape.
②This has not been a （notable） successful project.
③The hotel restaurant is noted its excellent cuisine.
notable　
notably　
for/as　
【写美】　补全句子
④Since it was founded in 1911， Tsinghua University has
produced in science， business， academia and
culture.
自1911年建校以来，清华大学培养了许多科学、商业、学术和文化领
域的杰出领袖。
many notable leaders　
hold the record 保持纪录
【教材原句】　The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive
by a manned submarine ...
“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录……
【用法】
（1）break a record　　打破纪录
hold/keep a record　　保持纪录
set a record　　创纪录
keep records/a record of　　记录；把……记录下来
on record　　有记录的，记录在案的
（2）it is recorded that ...　　据记载……
【佳句】　I don’t know who previously held the record.
我不知道谁以前保持的这个记录。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He planted a little apple tree and kept （record） of its
growth every month.
②It was the warmest year record， with global temperature 0.68
℃ above the average.
records　
on　
【写美】　补全句子
③Congratulations to her for completing this very difficult challenge
and ， too.
祝贺她完成了这个非常困难的挑战，并且也创造了一项新纪录。
setting a new record　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：作表语的动词-ing形式置于句首引起的完全倒装句
【教材原句】　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated
three million shipwrecks.
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
【用法】
本句是一个完全倒装句，An estimated three million shipwrecks are
lying under waters across the globe.是其正常语序。作表语的分词或形
容词，有时可以移到句首，对动作或状态加以强调。
【品悟】　Look！Moving under the bridge are a group of sheep.看！
一群羊正在桥下走动。
【写美】　微写作
①站在演讲厅前面的是一位来自澳大利亚的著名科学家。（日常
活动）
a famous scientist from
Australia.
②躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。（动作描写）
a wounded peasant boy.
Standing in the front of the lecture hall is　
Lying on the floor is　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. Drawing out the extract， she found a （物质） that
worked.
2. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. （此
外）， he had not even contacted her.
3. A m is a metric unit of length that is equal to one tenth of a
centimetre or one thousandth of a metre.
substance　
Furthermore　
illimetre　
4. They are specially packaged so that they s easily.
tack　
维度二：词形转换
1. The （note） improvement was attributed to her daily
practice and dedication.
2. They accidentally damaged a gas pipe while （drill）.
3. She’s doing the （equivalence） job in the new
company but for more money.
notable　
drilling　
equivalent　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. He seldom， （如果有的话）， makes mistakes in his
English compositions.
2. （一对年迈的夫
妇坐在窗前）， from which they could admire the endless mountains
in the distance.
3. He （保持纪录） for the longest consecutive
（连续的） amount of time spent in space.
if any　
In front of the window was sitting an old couple　
holds/held the record　
4. The price is ten times what it normally is and totally
（超出……的能力） ordinary people.
5. It was a bright clear morning when we at last （启航） in
the ship.
6. Social networks （提供了……一个窗口）
how people live their lives.
beyond the reach
of　
set sail　
offer a window into　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　“Some inconspicuous （不起眼的） artifacts， once unearthed and
cleaned， can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as
though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of
years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang， a young member of the
Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4
sacrificial pit （祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang，
Sichuan Province， says of his view of his job.
　　Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to
study， Xu says. However， discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed
students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a
good thing， Xu says.The reason why the site has attracted international
attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have
given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom， illustrating the
inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
　　Speaking of the pit team， Xu says more than half the members were
born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two
parts： the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting
research， and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork， both of which
require great meticulousness （谨小慎微）. The process of dig needs
careful teamwork， and everyone performs their duties extremely. One
does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must.
The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects
seemingly insignificant discoveries.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。负责挖掘四川省德阳市三星堆遗
址4号祭祀坑的许丹阳谈论了他对考古学的看法，考古过程需要精心
的团队合作和耐心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。负责挖掘四川省德阳市三星堆遗
址4号祭祀坑的许丹阳谈论了他对考古学的看法，考古过程需要精心
的团队合作和耐心。
1. What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 1 mean？
（　　）
A. Discovery. B. Dig.
C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句以及画线词后的the
No.4 sacrificial pit（祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang
可推知，许丹阳是负责四川德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑挖掘工作
的。由此推测，画线词excavation意为“挖掘”，和dig意思相近。
2. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view
of archaeology？（　　）
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，考古曾经是一个
很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的成
见。由此推断，三星堆的发现对学生们的考古学观的影响是学生们
对学习考古的兴趣增加了。
3. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site？
（　　）
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，该遗址吸引国
际关注的原因是那里出土的青铜器和金饰让人们对古蜀国有了新的
认识。
4. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology？
（　　）
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四、五句可知，在考古
领域取得成功的关键素质是细心的团队合作和耐心。
B
　　How many things can you see in the night sky？ A lot！ On a clear
night you might see the Moon， some planets， and thousands of
sparkling stars.
　　You can see even more with a telescope.You might see stars where
you only saw dark space before.You might see that many stars look larger
than others.You might see that some stars that look white are really red or
blue.With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects
in the sky.And you can see those objects in more and more detail.
　　But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will
never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world，
on the clearest night of the year.
　　That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead
stars called black holes.
　　You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all， our Sun is
a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky， burning brightly， giving
us heat and light.The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or
weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
　　As a star’s gases burn， they give off light and heat.But when the
gas runs out， the star stops burning and begins to die.
　　As the star cools， the outer layers of the star pull in towards the
center.The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball.If the star was
very small， the star ends up as a cold， dark ball called a black dwarf.If
the star was very big， it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed
together tighter than anything in the universe.
　　Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny
marble.That’s how tightly this dead star， a black hole， is
packed.What pulls the star in towards its center with such power？ It’s
the same force that pulls you down when you jump — the force called
gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in
everything — even light.The light from a black hole can never come back
to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.
　　So the next time you stare up at the night sky， remember： there’s
more in the sky than meets the eyes！ Scattered in the silent darkness are
black holes — the great mystery of space.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神秘死星——在一年里
最晴朗的夜晚，我们用最大的望远镜也看不到这些死去的星星，并
说明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的过程。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神秘死星——在一年里
最晴朗的夜晚，我们用最大的望远镜也看不到这些死去的星星，并
说明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的过程。
5. According to the article， what causes a star to die？（　　）
A. As its gases run out， it cools down.
B. It crashes into other stars.
C. It can only live for about a million years.
D. As it gets hotter and hotter， it explodes.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，当气体耗尽时，星
星就会冷却下来，死亡。
6. What do Paragraphs 6 and 7 mainly tell us？（　　）
A. What a black hole is.
B. Why we can’t see black holes.
C. Black holes have enormous gravity.
D. The formation of black holes.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第六、七段内容可知，这两段主要告
诉我们黑洞的形成。
7. What happens after a star dies？（　　）
A. It burns up all of its gases.
B. It becomes invisible.
C. It falls to the Earth.
D. It becomes brighter and easier to see.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断出，星星死后，就
变得看不见了。
8. Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole？（　　）
A. Most black holes are so far away.
B. Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light
inward.
C. Because as the star’s gases burn， it stops giving off heat and light.
D. Because as a star cools， its outer layers pull in towards its center.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的A black hole is so
tightly packed ...nothing but blackness.可知，因为黑洞的引力很
强，它把光吸进去了，所以看黑洞时看不到光。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Let’s learn about ancient technology
　　Where we live is surrounded by technology. 9.（　　） And
you’re probably reading this over the Internet， where the information
reached you almost instantly. With all that tech surrounding us， it’s
easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
　　All of our modern things， however， are based on older
technologies. And those were based on still older ones. Ancient people
didn’t have large machinery and equipment. 10.（　　） And ancient
Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
　　Not all of these technologies were limited to modern people. The first
“kitchen” flames are older still. Ancient human relatives were cooking
food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear throwers
（掷矛者） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago before modern
humans existed.
　　11. （　　） However， then came the discovery of 279，000-year-
old stone spear in Ethiopia （埃塞俄比亚）. These pushed that date
back. And now it suggests even prehuman species hunted with stone
spears.
　　Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed
their tools and built their cities and monuments. 12.（　　） They are
also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid
rocks to testing out ancient tar （沥青） recipes. Scientists detected
mystery hole in Great Pyramid of Giza. Using high-tech tools normally
reserved for particle physics research， scientists have found a large，
hidden hole inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza. 13.（　　）
A. Ancient people are really clever.
B. Not all of these technologies are useful.
C. Yet they built monuments even bigger than Stonehenge.
D. They use modern technologies to search for Mayan cities.
E. For example， we are surrounded by skyscrapers and the Internet.
F. Scientists believed the ancient living 80，000 years ago began to throw
stone spears.
G. They have made great discoveries， but there is still a lot waiting to be
discovered.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代一些非常了不
起的科技。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代一些非常了不
起的科技。
9. E　根据上句可知，本句承接上文对被科技所包围进行举例说明。
E项（例如，我们被摩天大楼和互联网包围了）符合语境。
10. C　根据上文All of our modern things ...machinery and equipment.
并结合下句可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出古人的伟大之处。C项
（然而他们建造了比巨石阵更大的古迹）承接上文。
11. F　根据本段内容可知，本段讲述了石矛的使用时间。F项（科学
家认为，8万年前的古人开始投掷石矛）统领全段。
12. D　根据上句可知，本句应承接上句说明科学家是如何寻找的。D
项（他们使用现代技术寻找玛雅城市）承接上文。
13. G　根据空前两句可知，本句应对上文科学家的发现进行总结：
虽然他们已经有了重大发现，但他们知道还有很多东西等着被发现。
G项总结全文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack对世界各地的怪坡很感兴趣。
请你根据下表给出的信息给他介绍一下中国沈阳的怪坡。
位置 位于沈阳市
简介 长80余米，宽约25米。各种车辆到此下坡不开不走，而上坡不用开却自然向坡上行走
专家 解释 有的说是磁场（magnetic fields）作用，还有的说是视错觉
（optical illusions），但各种说法相互矛盾，没有令人满意的解释
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again. 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　
Yours，
Li Hua
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again.I would like to share some
interesting information about the Shenyang Strange Slope with you.
　　It is over 80 metres long and around 25 metres wide.Cars can run to
the top of the slope without using the engine.The contrary occurs when
cars attempt to drift downwards.Experts have attempted to solve the
mystery.Commonly they believe this phenomenon results from magnetic
fields and optical illusions.Due to lack of a satisfactory explanation， the
Strange Slope is still regarded as a mystery.
　　I hope you can visit the Shenyang Strange Slope some day with me.
　　 Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Not Without My Mama
　　Thirty-eight. That was how many stray cats （流浪猫） I had been
feeding on the street where I lived. I loved them all， but I did have a
favorite. A gigantic yellow cat with blue eyes had seized my heart.
　　I named him Butterball. Often， Butterball would try to jump in my
car when I arrived home or come inside my house. I wished that I could
bring him inside， but it was not allowed where I lived.
　　Week after week， I fed the large group of cats. Mostly， none of
them wanted to be touched. They would eat in a hurry and leave， but not
Butterball. He would stick around for head scratches （抓挠）， purring
（发出呼噜声） loudly. I noticed that he was always in the company of a
small Calico cat.
　　Though not as friendly， she was touchable.
　　One day， my dream came true — I bought my own house. The
cats， especially Butterball， watched anxiously as I started moving my
things to my new home. I began to be away longer as I set up the new
place， but I never forgot to go back and feed them every night. Butterball
would jump in my car and try to get in extra hugs.
　　Sometimes， I found him amongst the boxes in the back when I came
out with another load. As I packed up the very last load and set out the
cats’ nightly dinner， I paused before leaving.
　　The nights were starting to get cold， and soon winter would be upon
us. Upstate New York winters can be bitter. Butterball seemed to know I
was leaving for good. I peered into his blue eyes and told him， “I will
come back for you.” He turned away as if he didn’t believe me.
　　The next day， I returned with a group of friends. We set out a bunch
of humane traps and caught the strays one by one. We transported them to
a no-kill shelter. All， except Butterball.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home. Butterball seemed very
happy to see me again. He wandered over and jumped into my car as
usual. But when I tried to close the door， he jumped out and walked off
toward the bushes. It looked as if he was going to look for something. I
wondered why he was acting so strangely， and decided to keep following
it. I followed， looking forward to making new discoveries.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. When he
reached the bushes， Calico came out to join him and they both looked at
me. I realized that Butterball was not going anywhere without Calico.
Gently， I picked up Calico. Butterball followed me. I posted pictures of
my cats online. I was surprised when I read a comment from my former
neighbor，“I am so glad that you took in the big cat and his mama，
too.” At that moment I understood everything.
谢谢观看！

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