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高考复习之名词性从句总结
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组。它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
1.引导主语从句的连接词
引导词 功能
从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义
whether、if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 who（ever）、whom（ever）、what（ever）、which（ever）、whose who（ever）和what（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom（ever）在从句中作宾语； which（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语
连接副词 when、where、why、how 在从句中作状语
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. 接下来是望不到尽头的长长的台阶。
提醒：
（1）that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
That he got an A in English surprised his teacher.
他的英语得了A,这使他的老师感到惊讶。
（2）当主语从句位于句首,表示“是否……”时,常用whether引导,而不用if。Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
我们是否需要更多的食物,这要视到场人数而定。
2.it作形式主语的主语从句
主语从句一般位于句首,但有时也可用it作形式主语,
而将that引导的主语从句放在句末。常见的句型如下:
（1）It+系动词+形容词（necessary/likely/important/uncertain等）+that从句
（2）It+系动词+名词（短语）（a pity/no wonder/no surprise等）+that从句
（3）It+be动词+过去分词（said/reported/decided/believed等）+that从句
（4）It+不及物动词（seems/appears/happens等）+that从句
提醒：
当it作形式主语，由whether引导的主语从句放在句末时，主语从句也可用if引导，但如果主语从句中有or not时，只能用whether引导。
It is debatable whether antibiotics would make any difference or not.
抗生素能否起作用还存在争议。
宾语从句
1.引导宾语从句的连接词
引导宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that、whether、if;连接代词what、which、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等;连接副词when、where、why、how等。注意:宾语从句用陈述语序。
（2022·全国甲卷）We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.
我们似乎无法决定是想要一个现代城市还是一个传统城市。
In order to make a change, you need to know why it's important.
为了做出改变,你需要知道为什么它是重要的。
提醒：
（1）that引导宾语从句时,常被省略,但在下列情况中不能省略:①动词后接了多个由that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个从句中的that可省略;②宾语从句前有插入语时。
（2）一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后接宾语从句,连接词表示“是否”时,只能用whether,不能用if。
2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句
（1）一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、feel、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他明确表示会议不会被推迟。
（2）动词hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等以及动词短语see to、depend on、rely on等后常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候,我保证会把他照顾好。
表语从句
1.引导表语从句的连接词
引导表语从句的连接词有从属连词that、whether;连接代词what、which、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等;连接副词when、where、why、how等。注意:表语从句用陈述语序。
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.你们关系的核心是你们会一直在那里互相帮助。
2.as if/as though引导的表语从句
as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词、seem、look、taste、sound、feel、appear等之后。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
浓雾笼罩着整座城市,这就好像一张巨大的黑色毯子被扔在城市上方。
3.because、why引导的表语从句
because、why也可以引导表语从句,但because引导表语从句时,主句的主语不能是reason或cause（该结构常用that引导）。常用于以下句型:
This/That is/was why...这/那是……的原因
This/That is/was because...这/那是因为……
From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖着。
同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用来说明该名词的具体内容。常见的后接同位语从句的名词有advice、conclusion、doubt、fact、hope、idea、news、promise、question、suggestion、thought、truth、wish、word等。引导同位语从句的引导词有that、whether、how、where、when、why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议:我们应该有个助手。这有太多的工作要做。
提醒：
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that引导定语从句时,既起引导词的作用,又在从句中充当句子成分;如果在从句中作宾语，that可以省略,当所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,而且不能省略。
实践演练：
1. [2022·新高考卷]I walked over and asked him______ he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
2. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]That is partly ________people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was “only increasing, unfortunately”.
3. [2022·浙江1月卷]Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _________she could do so remotely.
4. [2022·浙江1月卷]_________ grade the team received would be shared by both students.
5. [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
6. [2023·黑龙江哈尔滨三中模拟]_________ impresses audience most are all kinds of lions' movements conducted to the music played by gongs and drums.
7. It is said_______ he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But ________it will come out remains up in the air.
8. [2023·山东泰安模拟]Song Xiaoning, mother of a first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to _______her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course.
9. [2023·北京师范大学附中模拟]The success and downfall you experience helps to create who you are and decide _______you go.
10. With its strong comprehensive national power, China is not _______she used to be.
答案：
1.why
2. because
3. whether/if
4. whatever
5. what
6. what
7.that when
8.what
9. where
10. what

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