资源简介

2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元基础综合练习1 【 Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Steph Curry, a superstar in NBA, knows what it’s like to be overlooked. “Coming up through basketball, I didn’t 1 the eye test,” he says. “I was a late bloomer (大器晚成者).”
For Curry, being a “late bloomer” only 2 him. He developed a strong moral 3 of work and didn’t let failure stop him from learning and getting better.
In kids’ critical development years, they need 4 . They need to know that failure is only 5 and that confidence is a skill to be learned alongside physical skills. 6 many children learn too late how to turn challenges into victories.
Curry’s new children’s book, I Am Extraordinary, shares his approach with kids everywhere. Its 7 character is a girl named Zoe, who is self-conscious about wearing hearing aids. The story features an animated (动画的) 8 of Curry who offers encouragement: “There will always be 9 in life. It’s up to you to find the courage and the strength to 10 them.”
Curry makes scoring points look 11 . He shoots three-point shots with a grace and ease that make us forget about all the hard work he has 12 . His friendly smile and delightful moments with his young daughter lead us to believe that everything comes easy to the superstar.
But don’t be 13 : Curry has overcome his difficulties and worked his way to the top. He knows what it takes to be the best. Sometimes, it’s just a 14 of finding the right question. “So, what makes you 15 ” Curry asks us all.
1．A．impress B．receive C．pass D．ignore
2．A．motivated B．stood C．solved D．gathered
3．A．fairness B．popularity C．attempt D．code
4．A．freedom B．chances C．encouragement D．lectures
5．A．practical B．temporary C．tight D．realistic
6．A．Precisely B．Frequently C．Unfortunately D．Entirely
7．A．initial B．leading C．internal D．brilliant
8．A．innovation B．interaction C．passion D．version
9．A．patterns B．elements C．barriers D．responsibility
10．A．overcome B．command C．advocate D．oppose
11．A．easy B．tough C．identical D．slight
12．A．come across B．put in C．cut off D．taken on
13．A．fooled B．occupied C．convinced D．inspired
14．A．intervention B．routine C．practice D．matter
15．A．ambitious B．extraordinary C．devoted D．logical
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
It’s been one year since NASA’s Perseverance rover landed on Mars. It was too far away for engineers on Earth to control it — which meant that the spacecraft had to carry out tasks all by itself.
Perseverance is hunting for evidence of microorganisms that may have once lived on the red planet — a first for a NASA robot. One of the mission’s main objectives is to collect samples of rocks and dirt and hide them on the surface of Mars so that a future mission could bring them back to Earth.
Perseverance is searching an area known as Jezero Crater which might have been an ancient lake. The assumption is that life on Mars would need water, much like life here on Earth. The rover is equipped with drills and sample tubes and has already begun collecting bits of Martian rock. In its first year, it has collected and hidden 6 samples, with the opportunity to collect up to 40. NASA and the European Space Agency are working together to develop a mission to collect those samples, launch them off Mars and safely return them to Earth. If all goes well, scientists could have their hands on Martian rocks in 2031.
While scientists wait to collect Martian samples, the mission is breaking ground in other ways. A tiny helicopter in the rover has completed 19 successful flights on Mars. “It really is game changing,” says Glaze, NASA’s planetary science division director. “We can see these high-resolution images in areas the rover can’t actually reach.”
The rover is also helping plan for future human missions to Mars, like taking fabric samples that could one day be used for astronaut suits. Another experiment is working to transform that atmosphere into oxygen that could potentially be used for fuel or life support.
16．What do we know about the Perseverance
A．It will return to Earth in 2031. B．It has collected up to 40 samples.
C．It is directly controlled by engineers. D．It is searching for signs of past life on Mars.
17．What does Glaze think of the helicopter’s flight
A．Funny. B．Excellent. C．Doubtful. D．Ordinary.
18．Why in the rover helping to take fabric samples
A．To give astronauts life support. B．To help make future astronaut suits.
C．To provide fuel for future missions. D．To transform atmosphere into oxygen.
19．Where can the text probably be found
A．In a science Journal. B．In a fashion magazine.
C．In science fiction. D．In a history book.
A global group of scientists have reduced the time it takes to find and introduce disease-resistance genes from wild plants into domestic crops such as rice, wheat and potato, a research revealed on Tuesday.
Scientists from the John Innes Center in Britain, along with colleagues from Australia and the United States, have created a database known as AgRenSeq, where researchers can easily search for resistance genes already discovered in wild relatives of modern crops.
The study was co-authored by a global expert Professor HarbansBariana from the University of Sydney, who said that this technology will support the discovery and characterization of new sources of disease resistance in plants. Once researchers have identified resistance genes using AgRenSeq, they can clone them and introduce them to domestic crops to protect against diseases and pests,
“We have found a way to scan the genome(基因组)of a wild relative of a crop plant and pick out the resistance genes we need and we can do it in record time,” Dr. Brande Wulff, a project leader from the John Innes Centre, said.
“This used to be a process that took l0 Or 15 years and was like searching for a needle in a haystack(干草堆),” Wulff said. “We have perfected the method so that we can clone these genes in a matter of months and for just thousands of dollars instead of millions.”
The team are highly optimistic about their work, predicting it to be utilized in protecting many crops with wild relatives including soybeans, pea, cotton, potato, wheat, rice, banana and cocoa. “Using speed cloning and speed breeding we could deliver resistance genes into the best varieties within a couple of years, like a phoenix(凤凰) rising from the ashes,” Wulff added.
20．How have the researchers developed the resistance genes
A．By reducing the research time.
B．By introducing them to wild plants.
C．By cloning them from domestic crops.
D．By getting resistance genes from wild plants.
21．What will be the use of the study in the future
A．It will protect crops from being damaged by pests.
B．It will create a database for researchers to search.
C．It will protect domestic crops for 10 to 15 years.
D．It will contribute to reducing the wild plants.
22．Which of the following best explains “utilized” underlined in Paragraph 6
A．Produced. B．Made.
C．Used. D．Studied.
23．What can we infer from what Brande Wulff said
A．The resistance genes cost millions of dollars.
B．The resistance genes were found in a haystack.
C．It took the researchers ten years to find the resistance genes.
D．Disease-resistance genes will be put into practice soon.
[陕西西安2022高二期末]The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13，000 years ago. Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.
Dr Ciprian Ardelean, from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010.Getting to the cave located 2，750 metres above sea level required a 45 minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain. However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.
The archaeologists' efforts revealed many artefacts including over 1，900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 13，000 and 16，000 years old. However, 239 artefacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30，000 years!
While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulphur, potassium and zinc elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans' origins or the path they took to get to America.They guess the groups were tribes (部落) who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr Ardelean says, “We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They're a complete enigma．We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas today are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don't think that is the case.” Archaeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artefacts recovered are tools. The researcher says, “If it's true that people were in Zacatecas 32，000 years ago, that changes everything—it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion.”
24．What did Dr Ciprian Ardelean do
A．He sold hundreds of artefacts.
B．He explored the cave four times.
C．He made the cave world-known.
D．He collected artefacts from the cave.
25．What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A．Metal elements unearthed from the cave.
B．Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C．The artefacts from the cave's deepest layer.
D．The artefacts from the upper layers of the cave.
26．What does the underlined word “enigma” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Problem.
B．Breakthrough.
C．Appeal.
D．Mystery.
27．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A．Archaeology.
B．Anecdote.
C．Travel.
D．Literature.
Perhaps the cleverest trick in the animal world can be found in South Africa's Kalahari Desert.
At the heart of this trick is the drongo, a bird that likes to hang out with meerkats (a four toed animal)．The meerkats search for insects.While they eat, a meerkat is on duty looking for danger.Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch (降落) higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat.The drongo's alarm alerts the meerkats.They, in turn, call and run for cover.
Having their own lookout bird helps the meerkats spend more time feeding.But there is a price to pay.The drongo isn't quite as selfless as he seems, and has learnt to turn this alarm to his advantage.He becomes an expert on the meerkats' habits, learning that when an adult meerkat finds food, it calls out to the youngsters to share.As the food is about to be exchanged, the drongo calls the alarm, but this time, it's a trick.As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.
Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again.But the meerkats know when they've been tricked.And this time, no one reacts at all.So the drongo takes it to the next level.But even screaming the alarm in their face doesn't work.The meerkats are smart enough to know a cheat when they hear one.Or are they The drongo has another trick to pull.This time the drongo mimics the meerkats' own alarm call.It's so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.
Drongos get over a fifth of their daily meals by making false alarms and stealing.When a drongo has exhausted all his tricks, he tries a more brazen (厚颜无耻的) approach.But he's pushed his luck too far.He must try his tricks elsewhere.
The intelligence of animals is sometimes so extraordinary that it can be truly amazing.
28．What do drongos do when spotting danger
A．Run for cover.
B．Send out a signal.
C．Fly to a higher branch.
D．Protect the meerkats first.
29．What price do the meerkats have to pay according to Paragraph 3
A．Losing food to drongos.
B．Being attacked by drongos.
C．Sharing their food selflessly.
D．Abandoning their youngsters.
30．How do the meerkats feel when being tricked for the second time
A．Afraid.
B．Cautious.
C．Confused.
D．Depressed.
31．What are drongos good at according to the text
A．Copying.
B．Hunting.
C．Making friends.
D．Fleeing for their life.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
What you do during the day — from the moment you wake up — has a profound impact on how well you sleep at night. 32 These following daytime habits can help you unlock deeper, more restful sleep.
Let your brain calm down before bedtime
33 While these activities can relieve stress, they may leave your mind too stimulated for sleep. An active brain isn’t ready to shut down for bed. Taking intentional moments throughout the day to calm your mind can make a big difference in sleep quality. Choose research-backed routines to help your body and mind relax.
Reserve your bedroom for sleep
Your brain naturally forms associations between places and behaviors, often without you realizing it. For instance, when you’re in the car, your mind shifts into “commute” mode. 34 If you frequently use it for activities like watching TV or working, your brain may struggle to associate your bed with rest. By reserving your bed only for sleep, you strengthen its association with rest, making it easier for your brain to wind down at night.
Get morning light exposure
When you wake up, aim to make your environment as bright as possible — even with artificial lighting if needed. 35 Morning light cues your body that it’s time to be awake, helping to reset your internal clock and cause a healthy increase in cortisol (皮质醇). This process jumpstarts your day and begins building the sleep pressure you’ll need for restful sleep later.
Keep your wake-up time consistent
If you’re struggling to sleep at night, it might be time to set a strict morning alarm — even on weekends. Sleeping in later than usual on Saturday can shift your circadian rhythm (昼夜节律), making it harder to feel tired at your usual bedtime. 36 Sticking to the same wake-up time every day helps your body establish a predictable rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep and wake up naturally.
A．Your sleep is a mirror of your day.
B．The same principle applies to your bed.
C．When you sleep, your brain restarts and cleans itself.
D．This change in behavior is independent of light exposure.
E．While this habit can be tough to break, consistency is key.
F．For added benefits, step outside to enjoy natural sunlight and fresh air.
G．You might turn to a tough workout or a thrilling movie to unwind after a busy day.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
37．选词填空
initial; initially
【小题16】As far as I am concerned, the plan was better.
【小题17】She came to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
come down with,be incharge of, break out,trace back to, above all
38．I feel greatly honored to the activity to be held in the school lecture hall next Saturday.
39．Learning that he a serious illness，we were shocked.
40．Once conflicts in the future，you must tell me as soon as possible.
41．Workers， ，will know how to handle the problem correctly.
42．The past experience can be the moment of birth.
suspect..of, once and for all,thanks to, attend to, subscribe to
43．He my idea that reading more books can enrich our knowledge.
44．Please give me some advice so that I can solve the problem .
45． your suggestions，I could achieve my goal so smoothly.
46．So far I all the matters，and as a result，I can go on a trip to relax myself.
47． stealing my roommate’s watch，I was on the verge of crying.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
48．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
49．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
50．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
51．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
52．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
53．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
54．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
55． he will come back home is still a question.
56．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
suspect;blame;subscribe;decrease;link; handle;pour;transform;outstanding;defend
57．I to a morning paper.
58．We all the truth of the report.
59．My brother broke the window, but I got the ．
60．Do you know how to the machine
61．Is there a between lung disease and smoking
62．The unemployment rate of the country last year.
63．A new colour scheme will your bedroom.
64．Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.
65．The accused man had a lawyer to him.
66．Her late husband was an scientist.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
67．As John Lennon once said，life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
68．If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities. (用适当的词填空)
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By the time Helen Keller was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was, often unbearable. Her parents got a superb teacher 69 (recommend) to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne, whose technique was simple and straightforward, put an object into Helen’s hand and spelt out the word on her other hand. The precious knowledge Anne 70 (teach) Helen gave her hope and joy. As Helen grasped the key to language, she discovered more complex words and eventually understood them.
71．That is I was born and grew up. （用适当的词填空）
72．The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it stills maintains technological advances. (用适当的词填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
73．假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友汤姆(Tom)喜欢中国历史，请你给他写一封邮件，推荐并介绍《上下五千年》这本通俗历史书。内容如下：
1. 写信的目的；
2. 简单介绍一下这本书及推荐的理由；
3. 表达希望。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：《上下五千年》(Five Thousand Years)
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、著名人物、记叙文
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大器晚成者——斯蒂芬·库里，他用行动激励着其他人。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·库里说：“在篮球的成长过程中，我没能通过外观测试。” A. impress给人留下深刻印象；B. receive接收；C. pass通过；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“I was a late bloomer (大器晚成者).”库里提到自己是“大器晚成者”，说明他没有在一开始“通过”人们的外观标准。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于库里来说，作为一个“大器晚成者”只会激励他。A. motivated激励；B. stood站立；C. solved解决；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“He developed a strong moral 3 of work and didn’t let failure stop him from learning and getting better.”可知库里没有因为这种情况放弃，而是被激励去努力。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他建立了强烈的工作道德准则，不让失败阻止他学习和变得更好。A. fairness公平；B. popularity受欢迎；C. attempt尝试；D. code准则。根据下文“didn’t let failure stop him from learning and getting better.”可知，他建立了强烈的工作道德准则。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在孩子们关键的发展时期，他们需要鼓励。A. freedom自由；B. chances机会；C. encouragement鼓励；D. lectures演讲。根据下文“They need to know that failure is only 5 and that confidence is a skill to be learned alongside physical skills.”和第8空后的“offers encouragement”可知，孩子们需要在失败时得到鼓励。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们需要知道失败只是暂时的，自信是一种和身体技能一样需要学习的技能。A. practical实际的；B. temporary暂时的；C. tight紧的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“confidence is a skill to be learned alongside physical skills.”可以推测失败不会是永久的，只是暂时的。故选B。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多孩子太晚才学会如何将挑战转化为胜利。A. Precisely精确地；B. Frequently频繁地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Entirely完全地。结合后句的转折关系“many children learn too late”，可知此处表示遗憾。故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的主角是一个名叫佐伊的女孩，她对戴助听器很敏感。A. initial起初的；B. leading主要的；C. internal内部的；D. brilliant杰出的。根据上文“Curry’s new children’s book”可知，此处指新书的主角。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事以动画版的库里为特色，他鼓励人们：“生活中总会有障碍。这取决于你是否有勇气和力量去克服它们。”A. innovation创新；B. interaction互动；C. passion激情；D. version版本。根据上文“animated (动画的)”可知，这个故事以动画版的库里为特色。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. patterns模式；B. elements元素；C. barriers障碍；D. responsibility责任。根据根据上文“Steph Curry, a superstar in NBA, knows what it’s like to be overlooked.”和下文“It’s up to you to find the courage and the strength”可知这里指的是生活中总会有障碍。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. overcome克服；B. command命令；C. advocate提倡；D. oppose反对。根据上文“courage and the strength”以及“overcome”可知，勇气和力量能克服困难。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：库里让得分看起来轻而易举。A. easy容易的；B. tough困难的；C. identical相同的；D. slight轻微的。根据下文“He shoots three-point shots with a grace and ease”可知，库里让得分看起来很容易。故选A。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他投三分球时的优雅和轻松让我们忘记了他付出的所有努力。A. come across偶然遇到；B. put in投入；C. cut off切断；D. taken on承担。根据上文“He shoots three-point shots with a grace and ease that make us forget about all the hard work”可知库里为了表现得像是“轻而易举”，他应该是“付出了”极大努力。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是不要被愚弄了：库里已经克服了他的困难，并通过自己的努力达到了顶峰。A. fooled愚弄；B. occupied占据；C. convinced使信服；D. inspired启发。根据上文“His friendly smile and delightful moments with his young daughter lead us to believe that everything comes easy to the superstar.”以及下文“Curry has overcome his difficulties and worked his way to the top.”可知，实际情况是库里克服了困难，所以不能被他看似轻松的表象“蒙蔽”，用fool“愚弄”符合题意。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时只是找到合适问题的事。A. intervention干预；B. routine惯例；C. practice练习；D. matter问题。根据下文“finding the right question”可知，问题的关键在于找到正确的问题。a matter of只是……的问题、只是……的原因，故选D。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：库里问我们每个人：“所以，是什么让你变得非凡？”A. ambitious 有雄心的；B. extraordinary 非凡的；C. devoted 投入的；D. logical 合乎逻辑的。库里以自己的亲身经历，说明了人可以从平庸变得与众不同，所以他在问“是什么让你与众不同”。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】动物植物、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
16．A；
17．B；
18．B；
19．A
【详解】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“毅力”探测器登陆火星已经一年了，文章介绍了其在火星上的任务以及在其他方面的突破性进展。
16．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“NASA and the European Space Agency are working together to develop a mission to collect those samples, launch them off Mars and safely return them to Earth. If all goes well, scientists could have their hands on Martian rocks in 2031.(美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局正在合作开发一项任务，收集这些样本，将它们发射出火星，并安全返回地球。如果一切顺利，科学家们可能会在2031年接触到火星岩石)”可知，Perseverance将在2031年返回地球。故选A。
17．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““It really is game changing,” says Glaze, NASA’s planetary science division director. “We can see these high-resolution images in areas the rover can’t actually reach.”(NASA行星科学部主任Glaze说：“这真的改变了游戏规则。我们可以在漫游者无法到达的地方看到这些高分辨率的图像。”)”可推知，Glaze认为直升机的飞行表现出色。故选B。
18．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The rover is also helping plan for future human missions to Mars, like taking fabric samples that could one day be used for astronaut suits.(火星车还在帮助规划未来的人类火星任务，比如采集织物样本，将来可能用于制作宇航员服)”可知，在探测车里帮忙采集织物样本是为了帮助制造未来的太空服。故选B。
19．
推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s been one year since NASA’s Perseverance rover landed on Mars. It was too far away for engineers on Earth to control it — which meant that the spacecraft had to carry out tasks all by itself. (美国国家航空航天局的“毅力”探测器登陆火星已经一年了。它离地球太远了，地球上的工程师无法控制它，这意味着航天器必须完全靠自己完成任务)”结合文章主要介绍了“毅力”探测器登陆火星已经一年了，文章介绍了其在火星上的任务以及在其他方面的突破性进展。可推知，文章可能来自科学杂志。故选A。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
20．D；
21．A；
22．C；
23．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抗病基因。科学家们从野生植物中获取抗病基因，并创造了数据库AgRenSeq，以识别抗病基因，并借此克隆基因，讲抗病基因引入农作物，以防止疾病和害虫破坏。
20．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“A global group of scientists have reduced the time it takes to find and introduce disease-resistance genes from wild plants into domestic crops such as rice, wheat and potato, a research revealed on Tuesday.( 本周二公布的一项研究显示，一组全球科学家已经缩短了从野生植物中发现抗病基因并将其引入水稻、小麦和土豆等国内作物的时间。)”可知抗病基因从野生植物中获得。故选D项。
21．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Once researchers have identified resistance genes using AgRenSeq, they can clone them and introduce them to domestic crops to protect against diseases and pests( 一旦研究人员利用AgRenSeq鉴定出抗病基因，他们就可以克隆这些基因，并将其引入农作物中，以抵御病虫害)”可知，研究将会防止农作物被害虫破坏。故选A项。
22．
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在部分的前半句“The team are highly optimistic about their work”可知，该团队对他们的工作表示高度乐观，因此后半句应在表达他们期待的结果“predicting it to be utilized in protecting many crops with wild relatives including soybeans, pea, cotton, potato, wheat, rice, banana and cocoa.”由前文第三段末尾可知其期待的结果即目的为“Once researchers have identified resistance genes using AgRenSeq, they can clone them and introduce them to domestic crops to protect against diseases and pests( 一旦研究人员利用AgRenSeq鉴定出抗病基因，他们就可以克隆这些基因，并将其引入农作物中，以抵御病虫害)”，因此可知，划线单词utilized应与该句中的introduce表达含义相同，为“投入；使用”含义。故选C项。
23．
推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容：“Using speed cloning and speed breeding we could deliver resistance genes into the best varieties within a couple of years, like a phoenix rising from the ashes,” Wulff added.( “通过快速克隆和快速育种，我们可以在几年内将抗性基因导入最佳品种，就像凤凰涅槃，”武尔夫补充说。)可知抗病基因不久之后将会投入实践。故选D项。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
24．B
25．C
26．D
27．A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥中部萨卡特卡斯的奇基韦特洞穴中的考古发现表明，史前人类可能早在3万年前就生活在北美。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Dr Ciprian Ardelean, from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010.以及最后一句However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.可知，阿尔代莱安博士第一次去这个洞穴是在2010年5月，然后在2012、2016和2017年又分别去了一次，所以他探索了这个洞穴四次。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从洞穴中挖掘出来的1，900多件石器中，大部分都有13，000到16，000年的历史，然而从洞穴最深处出土的239件人工制品可以追溯到3万年前。由此可知，从洞穴最深处发现的人工制品动摇了北美的传统信仰。故选C项。
26．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went.可知，考古学家们不了解古代人类的情况，他们对考古学家来说完全是一个谜。因此画线词意为“谜”。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段最后一句Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.可知，文章介绍了一项考古发现，因此最有可能在报纸的考古专栏中读到这篇文章。故选A项。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
28．B
29．A
30．B
31．A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界里最狡诈的骗局。在南非，卷尾鸟与狐獴这对“合作伙伴”彼此要斗智斗勇，才能填饱肚子。它们之间的较量让人忍俊不禁。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat.The drongo's alarm alerts the meerkats.可知，卷尾鸟发现危险时，会给狐獴发信号。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.可知，狐獴付出的代价是其食物被卷尾鸟偷走了。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again.But the meerkats know when they've been tricked.And this time, no one reacts at all.可知，狐獴第二次被骗时不会去回应。由此可见，狐獴变得很谨慎。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的This time the drongo mimics the meerkats' own alarm call.It's so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.可知，卷尾鸟能模仿狐獴自己特有的警报声，并且模仿得非常准确。由此可知，卷尾鸟很善于模仿。故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】32．A 33．G 34．B 35．F 36．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有助于改善夜间睡眠质量的一些日间习惯。
【详解】32．上文“What you do during the day — from the moment you wake up — has a profound impact on how well you sleep at night.(你从醒来的那一刻起，白天所做的事情会对你晚上的睡眠质量产生深远的影响)”说明白天的活动对晚上的睡眠有重要影响。空处应承接这一内容，进一步说明白天与睡眠的关系，引出下文的习惯建议。所以A项“你的睡眠是你白天的反映。”符合语境。故选A。
33．上文“Let your brain calm down before bedtime(睡前让你的大脑平静下来)”说明本段主要讲述的是睡前让大脑平静下来有助于睡眠。下文“While these activities can relieve stress, they may leave your mind too stimulated for sleep.(虽然这些活动可以缓解压力，但它们可能会让你的大脑过于兴奋而无法入睡)”说明某些活动会让大脑兴奋而无法入睡，空处应列举一些可能刺激大脑的活动。所以G项“忙碌了一天之后，你可能会选择高强度的锻炼或刺激的电影来放松。”符合语境，其中“a tough workout or a thrilling movie”与下文“these activities”相呼应，说明这些活动会让大脑兴奋。故选G。
34．上文“Your brain naturally forms associations between places and behaviors, often without you realizing it. For instance, when you’re in the car, your mind shifts into “commute” mode.(你的大脑会自然地在地点和行为之间形成联系，而你通常不会意识到这一点。例如，当你在车里时，你的大脑会切换到“通勤”模式)”说明大脑会在地点和行为之间形成联系。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明大脑在床和睡眠之间也会形成联系，所以B项“同样的原则也适用于你的床。”符合语境，该项中的“the same principle”指代前文地点与行为关联的原理，承接前文例子，引出下文关于床与睡眠的关联。故选B。
35．上文“When you wake up, aim to make your environment as bright as possible — even with artificial lighting if needed.(当你醒来时，尽量让你的环境尽可能明亮——如果需要的话，即使使用人造光)”说明醒来时尽量让环境明亮。空处和前文为顺接关系，空处应进一步说明获取光线的方式及好处，所以F项“为了获得更多的益处，你可以走到户外享受自然阳光和新鲜空气。”符合语境，该项中的“natural sunlight”是对前文“bright environment”的具体补充，说明自然光的额外益处，承接上文。故选F。
36．上文“Sleeping in later than usual on Saturday can shift your circadian rhythm (昼夜节律), making it harder to feel tired at your usual bedtime.(周六睡懒觉比平时晚可能会改变你的昼夜节律，让你在平时的睡觉时间更难感到疲倦)”说明周末睡懒觉会改变昼夜节律。下文“Sticking to the same wake-up time every day helps your body establish a predictable rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep and wake up naturally.(每天坚持相同的起床时间有助于你的身体建立可预测的节奏，使你更容易自然入睡和醒来)”说明每天坚持相同的起床时间有助于建立可预测的节奏。空处承上启下，强调坚持固定起床时间的重要性。所以E项“虽然这个习惯很难改掉，但坚持是关键。”符合语境，其中“this habit”指代上文提到的周末睡懒觉的习惯，“consistency”与下文“Sticking to the same wake-up time every day”相呼应。故选E。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
37．【答案】
【小题16】initial
【小题17】initially
【详解】
【小题16】考查形容词。句意：就我而言，最初的计划更好。修饰名词plan应用形容词initial表示“最初的”作定语。故填initial。
【小题17】考查副词。句意：她起初只来住几天，但最后住了整整一个月。修饰动词came应用副词initially表示“最初”作状语。故填initially。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、动词短语、含情态动词的被动语态、固定句式和习语
【答案】38．be in charge of
39．came down with
40．break out
41．above all
42．traced back to
【知识点】从属连词、动词短语、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】43．subscribes to
44．once and for all.
45．Thanks to
46．have attended to
47．Suspected of
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
48．that
49．why
50．which
51．whatever
52．where
53．what
54．whoever
55．When
56．how
【详解】
48．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
49．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
50．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
51．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
52．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
53．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
54．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
55．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
56．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】动词短语、名词作宾语、形容词作定语
【答案】
57．subscribed
58．suspect
59．blame
60．handle
61．link
62．decreased
63．transform
64．poured
65．defend
66．outstanding
【详解】
57．考查动词短语。句意：我订了一份晨报。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。subscribe to是固定短语，意为“订阅；同意”。根据句意，空格处指“订阅”，故选subscribe。根据句意可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填subscribed。
58．考查动词。句意：我们都怀疑报告的真实性。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“怀疑”，故选suspect。根据句意可知，此处可用一般现在时态。故填suspect。
59．考查名词。句意：我哥哥打碎了窗户，但我受到了谴责。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，空格处指“谴责；责备”，故选blame。故填blame。
60．考查动词。句意：你知道如何操作这台机器吗？根据空前的 how to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“操作”，故选handle。故填handle。
61．考查名词。句意：肺病和吸烟之间有联系吗？根据空前的a可知，空格处应填入名词。根据句意，空格处指“联系”，故选link。故填link。
62．考查动词的时态。句意：去年该国的失业率有所下降。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“下降”，故选decrease。根据句中时间状语last year可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填decreased。
63．考查动词。句意：一种新的配色方案将改变你的卧室。根据空前的will可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“改变”，故选transform。故填transform。
64．考查动词的时态。句意：安迪把杯子倒满，递给鲍比。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“倒”，故选pour。根据lifted it to Bobby可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填poured。
65．考查动词。句意：被告请了一名律师为他辩护。根据空前的had a lawyer to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“为……辩护”，故选defend。故填defend。
66．考查形容词。句意：她已故的丈夫是一位杰出的科学家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，空格处指“杰出的”，故选outstanding。故填outstanding。
五、单句
【知识点】表语从句
67．【答案】what
【知识点】表语从句
68．【答案】when
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你对手机上瘾，那就是你应该放下它并参与有意义的活动的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处应为表语从句引导词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when。故填when。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、著名人物、记叙文、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】69．recommended 70．taught/had taught
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述海伦 凯勒七岁时的状况及老师安妮 沙利文对她的帮助。
【详解】69．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父母得到了一位推荐给他们的优秀老师，一位名叫安妮 沙利文的女士。空格处作后置定语修饰teacher，使用非谓语动词，teacher与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recommended。
70．考查动词时态。句意：安妮教给海伦的宝贵知识给了她希望和快乐。此处可理解为本句表示的是过去某个时间发生的动作，用一般过去时；也可理解为“教知识”这一动作在“给予希望和快乐”之前已完成，用过去完成时had taught，两种时态均符合语境。故填taught/had taught。
【知识点】表语从句
71．【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那是我出生和长大的地方。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。
【知识点】表语从句
72．【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：苹果公司之所以能在海外智能手机行业占据最大的市场份额，是因为它仍然保持着技术上的领先。分析句子，该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，解释reason的具体内容，从句是一个陈述句，成分完整，应填that；名词reason作主语时，其表语从句使用that引导，The reason....is that....句型。故填that。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、兴趣与爱好、其他应用文、历史
73．【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing you are interested in Chinese history, I am writing to recommend Five Thousand Years, which will make you knowlegable.
The book records significant historical events and outstanding figures from ancient times to the early 20th century, offering a comprehensive summary of China’s rich and enduring cultural heritage. Not only will it help you clarify some facts and have a good command of traditional Chinese culture, but it can also help you broaden your mind and improve your Chinese. Meanwhile, you can gain knowledge and make more friends when you share it with others.
I sincerely hope that you can accept my recommendation for it suits you much. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Tom写信，向他推荐《上下五千年》这本书，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：outstanding→excellent
提供：offer→provide
丰富的：rich→abundant
拓宽：broaden→widen
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The book records significant historical events and outstanding figures from ancient times to the early 20th century, offering a comprehensive summary of China’s rich and enduring cultural heritage.
拓展句：The book, which offers a comprehensive summary of China’s rich and enduring cultural heritage, records significant historical events and outstanding figures from ancient times to the early 20th century.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you are interested in Chinese history, I am writing to recommend Five Thousand Years, which will make you knowlegable.(运用了现在分词作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Not only will it help you clarify some facts and have a good command of traditional Chinese culture, but it can also help you broaden your mind and improve your Chinese.(运用了not only位于句首的部分倒装)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元基础综合练习2【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
What is sleep, and why do we need it
When we sleep, we enter a specific state that lies somewhere between consciousness (清醒状态) and unconsciousness. During sleep, the body is at rest, but the brain remains highly 1 and hard at work. Sleep is vital for our survival, and a whole range of biological functions can be 2 only while we are in this state. Scientists are 3 to know more all the time, but the main functions of 4 seem to be: redirecting energy into clearing harmful things from the brain and body, building up learning and memory, 5 the immune (免疫的) system, balancing our emotional states, and repairing and restoring cells in the body. These 6 are essential for us to function properly, and when we sleep well, our mental and physical health are dramatically 7 .
Although many of the functions of sleep remain 8 , what is becoming increasingly clear is that sleep is 9 to our well-being and that in order to live well. we must take it as 10 as we take eating and exercise. The more science 11 , the more we understand that good sleep holds the keys to 12 and happiness.
13 its biological function, consistent good sleep, quite simply, feels great. By 14 sleep’s importance and how to improve it, it’s possible to 15 worrying about it, get into bed, and slowly fall asleep.
1．A．unstable B．stressed C．active D．delicate
2．A．observed B．accepted C．worked D．performed
3．A．experimenting B．expecting C．spreading D．preserving
4．A．relaxation B．sleep C．research D．recreation
5．A．testing B．controlling C．dulling D．boosting
6．A．processes B．damages C．assumptions D．performances
7．A．decreased B．underestimated C．improved D．injured
8．A．unchanged B．unknown C．uncompleted D．undocumented
9．A．essential B．ridiculous C．typical D．extra
10．A．quickly B．casually C．impatiently D．seriously
11．A．changes B．uncovers C．affects D．creates
12．A．dream B．intelligence C．health D．family
13．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Rather than D．As with
14．A．ignoring B．understanding C．promoting D．stressing
15．A．get used to B．get down to C．take advantage of D．let go of
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
A
Are you in trouble in looking for a holiday gift for your kids？You’re in the right place.Excellent books about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe.
Margaret and the Moon　Age range：－8 In Margaret and the Moon，Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer’s life，from the backyard of her childhood home，where she put forward a million questions about the night sky，to the hallways of NASA，where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I am Neil Armstrong　Age range：All ages In I am Neil Armstrong，the best-selling author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon.Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up.He continued this spirit throughout his career.
Look Inside Space　Age range：3 and up For parents of young kids，Usbome’s prize-winning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and wild technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids.It explores the history of human spaceflight and the basics of stars and planets.It’s enjoyable to all space fans，but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station　Age range：All ages Jeffrey Bennett’s tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn’t only an accurate look at what life in space is like.The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
16．What is probably the major reason why the writer writes this passage
A．To help parents arrange holidays for kids.
B．To inspire children’s interest in the universe.
C．To promote the books about space exploration.
D．To introduce some interesting space stories.
17．Which book can inspire readers not to give up
A．Margaret and the Moon.
B．I am Neil Armstrong.
C．Look Inside Space.
D．Max Goes to the Space Station.
18．What is special about Max Goes to the Space Station
A．It is suitable for kids of all ages.
B．It makes kids interested in a dog.
C．It is an accurate look at the space.
D．It has experienced space travel.
B
Annie Ernaux,a French writer and professor,has been awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.The 82-year-old writer is known for works that make it difficult to distinguish between memoir(回忆录) and fiction.
Born in 1940 in France,Ernaux grew up in the French countryside after World WarⅡ.Having spent over 50 years as a writer,the 82-year-old winner has published more than 30 books that explored deeply in her own life experience.
Her first book,Cleaned Out,released in 1974,was an autobiographical(自传) novel about something that was still illegal in France.So she wrote the book in secret.“My husband had made fun of me after my first manuscript,” she told the New York Times in 2020.“I pretended to work on a PhD paper to have time alone.” And the book was translated into English in 1990.
After decades of digging her own past in various works,Ernaux published The Years,which many critics saw as her own statement.First published in 2008,The Years was an expansive look at the society that created her.While it was an examination of each year of her life from 1940 to 2006,Ernaux avoided any use of the pronoun “I” in favor of a broader “we” or sometimes “she”.In reviewing the 2018 English translation of The Years for the LA Review of Books,writer Azarin Sadegh compared reading it to digging through old family photos.
Ernaux has another book being translated into English,due in 2023,titled Look at the Lights,My Love.According to the book’s press release,it’s a “meditation(冥想) on the phenomenon of the big-box super store”,of course,through the lens(镜头) of Ernaux’s own memory.
19．When was Ernaux’s first book published
A．In 2020. B．In 1990.
C．In 1974. D．In 1940.
20．What’s the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Ernaux’s achievement in literature.
B．Ernaux’s early life experience in France.
C．The influence of Ernaux’s book The Years.
D．An introduction to Ernaux’s book The Years.
21．What can we know about Look at the Lights,My Love
A．It is set in a super store.
B．It is a best-seller in France.
C．It is an autobiographical novel.
D．It is being translated into English.
22．Which words can best describe Ernaux
A．Devoted and productive.
B．Kind-hearted and grateful.
C．Considerate and generous.
D．Humorous and determined.
China just grew the first plant on the moon. That’s one small leaf for the moon, but one giant leap for moon colonies（聚居地）. As you may know, I’m not a huge fan of space travel. Well, I think it’s cool, but I just get annoyed with anyone who thinks humans will save themselves from the earth by building colonies on Mars.
However, I am a fan of plants. And the idea that you could actually create an ecosystem on a rock in space is a pretty cool one. And I’m part of an ecosystem on a rock in space. Apparently, I’m not the only one. The Chinese wanted to find out if they could grow “life” on the moon. So they sent a probe（探测器）into space with cotton seeds. Once the probe landed, the system watered the seeds, and boom-they sprouted（发芽）.
“We have done the first biological experiment on the moon of human history to make the first seed sprout on the moon,” wrote Xie Gengxin, who designed the experiment, on Chongqing University’s website. “And with time moving on, it’ll be the first plant with green leaves on the moon.” The Chinese are also attempting to grow potatoes and more vegetables on the moon. Plus, they’re working on hatching fruit fly eggs. People have gotten seeds to sprout in space before, but never on the moon. Growing food is a big deal if you want humans to travel on long missions or build space colonies.
“Experts are still discussing the chances of following projects, but it’s confirmed that there will be another three missions after Chang’e 5,” Wu Yanhua, from China’s National Space Administration, explained at a press conference. I’m confused：I’m thinking this is pretty cool, but I’m also thinking it’s using resources that could be better directed towards more useful things.
23．What does the underlined part “a rock” refer to
A．The moon. B．Mars. C．The earth. D．The probe.
24．What is the author’s attitude to China’s biological experiments on the moon
A．Negative. B．Admiring . C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
25．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．China plans to grow vegetables on more planets.
B．China’s plant-growing plans go smoothly for now.
C．The seeds planted on the moon are from outer space.
D．The plants grown on the moon are used for space travel.
D
Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes,according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2020．
“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M.Maruthur,associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.“Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories,so it wasn’t clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories.In this study,the only thing we changed was the time of day of eating.”
Maruthur and the colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study.Most participants (90%) were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes,and average age of 59 years.Twenty-one of the adults followed a time restricted eating pattern,limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm.The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window,consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks.All participants consumed the same pre-prepared,healthy meals provided for the study.Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study,then at 4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks.
The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure regardless of when they ate.“We thought that the time restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said.“Yet that didn’t happen.We did not see any differences in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day.We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”
The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours,and they will be compiling this information with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar,insulin and other hormones and making analyses on the findings.“Together,these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic health,” Maruthur said.
26．What made the study different from earlier ones
A．Participants’ age.
B．Participants’ daily eating time.
C．The number of participants.
D．The research members.
27．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The research procedure.
B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.
D．The research institution.
28．What can we learn from the study
A．Blood pressure is connected with eating time.
B．Absorbing less calories earlier makes for weight loss.
C．Eating time determines the effect of losing weight.
D．Taking in calories earlier doesn’t impact weight loss.
29．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph
A．Stop research.
B．Announce findings.
C．Analyze data.
D．Write essays.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, is one of the most common fears.Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.
Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift). 30 This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.
According to Mark Powers, Ph.D．, Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist University, “Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder. The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air.”
31 Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.
Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers.The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party. 32
Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness.
33 According to Dr. Powers, “Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.”
Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning. Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation.
34 Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.
A．The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.
B．The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth.
C．According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights.
D．When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.
E．In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.
F．Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.
G．When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
35．While the astronomer is faced with many difficulties，he overcome them.
36．With suitable learning methods，you study more efficiently.
37． his practical suggestions，I have made great progress in English learning.
38．The scientist succeeded at last his hard work as well as strong determination.
39．Judging from what they have said，I can clearly tell that they won’t such strict rules.
40．选词填空
leader; leadership
【小题6】He was elected the of the union.
【小题7】He was elected to the of the Labour Party.
subscribe to, thanks to, once and for all
41． his assistance，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.
42．The famous scientist the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
43．In the past few months，I have looked forward to handling the hardships .
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
44．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
45．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
46．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
47．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
48．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
49．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
50．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
51． he will come back home is still a question.
52．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
subscribe to get involved in in turn insist on consist of in charge of
53．A regular breakfast (由……组成) soybeans, an egg, a bowl of porridge, corn, a sweet potato, meat and two kinds of fruit.
54．After all (参加) various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock.
55．Please come to the front (轮流) to collect your books.
56．With the manager gone, they are discussing who should be put (主管) the sales team.
57．All scientists (赞成) the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
58．If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities. (用适当的词填空)
59．What puzzles Lily’s friends is Lily always has so many crazy ideas. (用适当的词填空)
60．——I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer.
——This is he never finishes anything. （用适当的词填空）
61．Everybody makes mistakes; that’s they put erasers on pencils. (用适当的词填空)
62．Students’ overall development is the key to better education lies. (用适当的词填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
63．由于近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动。假定你是李华，受学生会委托，为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
内容包括：1、倡议的原因和目的；
2、倡议的具体内容；
3、发出倡议。
注意： 1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是睡眠，睡眠的重要性以及我们为什么需要睡眠。
【解析】1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在睡眠期间，身体处于休息状态，但大脑保持高度活跃并努力工作。A. unstable不稳定的；B. stressed紧张的；C. active活跃的；D. delicate柔和的。根据上文“During sleep, the body is at rest, but the brain remains highly”中but表示转折，说明在睡眠期间，身体处于休息状态，但大脑保持高度活跃并努力工作。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠对我们的生存至关重要，只有当我们处于这种状态时，一系列的生物功能才能发挥作用。A. observed观察；B. accepted接受；C. worked工作；D. performed发挥作用，表现。根据上文“a whole range of biological functions can be”指一系列的生物功能才能发挥作用。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们一直在进行实验，以了解更多，但睡眠的主要功能似乎是：将能量转移到清除大脑和身体的有害物质，建立学习和记忆，增强免疫系统，平衡我们的情绪状态，修复和恢复体内的细胞。A. experimenting实验；B. expecting期待；C. spreading传播；D. preserving保留。根据后文“to know more all the time”指科学家做实验来了解人体。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们一直在进行实验，以了解更多，但睡眠的主要功能似乎是：将能量转移到清除大脑和身体的有害物质，建立学习和记忆，增强免疫系统，平衡我们的情绪状态，修复和恢复体内的细胞。A. relaxation放松；B. sleep睡觉；C. research研究；D. recreation娱乐。根据上文“Sleep is vital for our survival”此处主要说明睡眠的作用。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们一直在进行实验，以了解更多，但睡眠的主要功能似乎是：将能量转移到清除大脑和身体的有害物质，建立学习和记忆，增强免疫系统，平衡我们的情绪状态，修复和恢复体内的细胞。A. testing测试；B. controlling控制；C. dulling变钝；D. boosting增强，推进。根据后文“the immune system, balancing our emotional states, and repairing and restoring cells in the body”可知，睡眠的好处是增强免疫系统，平衡我们的情绪状态，修复和恢复体内的细胞。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些过程对我们身体的正常运作至关重要，当我们睡得好时，我们的精神和身体健康都会得到显著改善。A. processes运作；B. damages破坏；C. assumptions假定；D. performances表演、表现。此处指上文“redirecting energy into clearing harmful things from the brain and body, building up learning and memory, boosting the immune system, balancing our emotional states, and repairing and restoring cells in the body.”提到的睡眠中这一过程对我们的正常运转非常重要。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些过程对我们的正常运作至关重要，当我们睡得好时，我们的精神和身体健康都会得到显著改善。A. decreased减少；B. underestimated低估；C. improved改善；D. injured使受伤。根据上文“when we sleep well, our mental and physical health are dramatically”可知，我们睡得好时，我们的精神和身体健康都会得到显著改善。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管睡眠的许多功能仍不为人所知，但越来越清楚的是，睡眠对我们的健康至关重要，为了生活得好，我们必须像对待饮食和锻炼一样认真对待它。A. unchanged不变的；B. unknown未知的；C. uncompleted未完成的；D. undocumented未公开的。根据后文“what is becoming increasingly clear”以及上文although表示转折，说明睡眠的许多功能仍不为人所知，后文解释人们对于睡眠清楚的部分。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管睡眠的许多功能仍不为人所知，但越来越清楚的是，睡眠对我们的健康至关重要，为了生活得好，我们必须像对待饮食和锻炼一样认真对待它。A. essential必不可少的；B. ridiculous可笑的；C. typical典型的；D. extra额外的。呼应上文“are essential for us to function properly”指睡眠对我们的健康至关重要，故选A。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管睡眠的许多功能仍不为人所知，但越来越清楚的是，睡眠对我们的健康至关重要，为了生活得好，我们必须像对待饮食和锻炼一样认真对待它。A. quickly快速地；B. casually随意地；C. impatiently无耐性地；D. seriously严肃地。根据后文“as we take eating and exercise”指像对待饮食和锻炼一样认真对待睡眠。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学发现的越多，我们就越明白良好的睡眠是健康和幸福的关键。A. changes改变；B. uncovers发现，揭露；C. affects影响；D. creates创造。根据后文“the more we understand”明白的多，是因为科学发现的多，故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学发现的越多，我们就越明白良好的睡眠是健康和幸福的关键。A. dream梦想；B. intelligence聪明；C. health健康；D. family家庭。呼应上文“our mental and physical health”指良好的睡眠是健康和幸福的关键。故选C。
13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了它的生物功能，持续良好的睡眠，很简单，感觉很棒。A. Apart from除了……（还）；B. Thanks to由于；C. Rather than而不是；D. As with正如。根据后文“its biological function, consistent good sleep, quite simply, feels great”此处表示“除了……还”应用apart from。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过了解睡眠的重要性以及如何改善睡眠，就有可能摆脱对睡眠的担忧，躺在床上，慢慢入睡。A. ignoring忽视；B. understanding理解；C. promoting促进；D. stressing强调。根据后文“sleep’s importance and how to improve it”指了解睡眠的重要性以及如何改善睡眠，故选B。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过了解睡眠的重要性以及如何改善睡眠，就有可能摆脱对睡眠的担忧，躺在床上，慢慢入睡。A. get used to习惯于；B. get down to开始；C. take advantage of利用；D. let go of放开。根据后文“worrying about it, get into bed, and slowly fall asleep”指了解了睡眠才能摆脱对睡眠的担忧，躺在床上，慢慢入睡。故选D。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】应用文、情节发展、文学、细节理解
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．D
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的关于太空的书籍
【解析】16．推理判断题。根据第一段及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的主要原因可能是推销关于太空探索的书籍。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据I am Neil Armstrong部分中的第二、三句可知，《我是尼尔·阿姆斯特朗》的故事开始于年轻的阿姆斯特朗不畏跌倒、试图爬到一棵银色枫树的顶端。他在整个职业生涯中都保持着这种精神。因此这本书能激励读者不要放弃。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space and joined the station’s library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.”可知，《麦克斯去了空间站》这本书的特别之处在于它经历过太空旅行。故选D。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、细节理解、著名人物、记叙文
【答案】19．C
20．D
21．D
22．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了获得2022年诺贝尔文学奖的法国作家、教授安妮·埃尔诺的创作之路以及她在文学上的成就。
【解析】19．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her first book,Cleaned Out,released in 1974”可知,她的第一本书于1974年发行。
20．段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,第四段主要是对《悠悠岁月》这本书的介绍。
21．细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“Ernaux has another book being translated into English,due in 2023,titled Look at the Lights,My Love.”可知,这本书正被译成英文。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Having spent over 50 years as a writer,the 82-year-old winner has published more than 30 books that explored deeply in her own life experience.”可知,埃尔诺一生致力于文学创作,著作颇丰。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
23．C；
24．B；
25．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。中国在月球上种植了第一棵植物，热爱植物的作者探讨了其中的重大意义。
23．
词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“China just grew the first plant on the moon.”（ 中国刚刚在月球上种出了第一株植物。）和第二段中的“And the idea that you could actually create an ecosystem on a rock in space is a pretty cool one.”（ 你可以在太空的岩石上创造一个生态系统的想法是一个很酷的想法。）可知，作者先用“a rock”指代月球。而作者紧接着说自己也是宇宙中某一岩石上生态系统中的一部分，说明她用“a rock”指代宇宙中的天体，因而画线部分指的就是人类生活的地球。故选C。
24．
推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者喜爱植物，认为人类能够在月球上创建一个生态系统是一件非常酷的事情；再根据“Apparently, I’m not the only one. The Chinese wanted to find out if they could grow ‘life’ on the moon.”（ 显然，我不是唯一一个这样想的人。中国人想知道他们是否能在月球上种植生命。）可知，作者尽管不太支持人类的太空旅行项目，但还是很欣赏中国在月球上进行生物实验的。故选B。
25．
推理判断题。根据第三段谢更新的话“We have done the first biological experiment on the moon of human history to make the first seed sprout on the moon,wrote Xie Gengxin, who designed the experiment, on Chongqing University’s website. “And with time moving on, it’ll be the first plant with green leaves on the moon.”（该实验的设计者谢更新在重庆大学网站上写道:我们在月球上进行了人类历史上第一个生物实验，使第一颗种子在月球上发芽。随着时间的推移，它将成为月球上第一株绿叶植物。）可知，中国在月球的首个生物实验很成功，而且将来还会扩大种植的植物种类。由此推知，目前中国的月球种植计划进展一切顺利。故选B。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】26．B
27．A
28．D
29．C
【分析】本篇是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明,能量摄入时间的早晚对减肥没有什么影响。文章介绍了研究过程以及研究的发现。
【解析】26．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this study,the only thing we changed was the time of day of eating.”可知,参与者每日进食时间让这项研究与之前的研究不同。
27．段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,它主要讲的是研究过程。
28．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We thought that the time restricted group...We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”可推知,早吸收卡路里不会影响减肥。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers are now collecting...and other hormones and making analyses on the findings.”可推知,研究人员下一步可能分析数据。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】30．D 31．G 32．E 33．A 34．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们描述了幽闭恐惧症。它通常是因为曾经被困在有限空间中留下的阴影，幽闭恐惧症患者极其害怕封闭的环境。幸运的是，幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的。
【详解】
30．根据空格前Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift).可知，幽闭恐怖症可能是在经历了一段令人不安的童年经历（比如在儿童游戏中被困在一个小空间里），或者是在后来生活中与小空间相关的另一段不愉快经历（比如被困在电梯里）后产生的。由此可推测出当一个人经历这样的事件，它往往会患上幽闭恐惧症。D项When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.(当一个人经历这样的事件时，往往会引起可怕的恐慌)符合题意。故选D。
31．根据空格后Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.可知，幽闭症会出现出汗、心跳加速，胃部不适，头晕，颤抖，呼吸问题等症状。由此可推断出，当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间，他的身体会有一些特定的反应。这正与G项When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.(当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己身处一个有限的空间时，她的身体会以某种方式做出反应)一致。故选G。
32．根据空格前The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party.可知，当幽闭恐惧症患者在一个房间内他会寻找出口，避免行驶在高速公路或交通拥挤的地方，避免乘电梯，或在聚会时站在门附近。由此可推测出，在极端的情况下一个封闭的门的视觉会导致一个人的焦虑情绪。E项In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.(在极端的情况下，一个人看到一扇紧闭的门就会感到焦虑)符合题意。故选E。
33．根据空格后Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.可知，暴露疗法，一种心理行为疗法，如果实施得当，通常会全面减轻焦虑症状。由此可推断出，幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的。A项The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.(好消息是幽闭恐怖症是可以治疗的)符合题意。故选A。
34．根据空格后Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.可知，帮助治疗幽闭恐怖症的药物包括有助于缓解通常与焦虑症相关的心脏跳动的药物。由此可推断出，治疗幽闭恐惧症还包括一些治疗药物或组合治疗。F项Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.(幽闭恐怖症的治疗也可以包括药物治疗或几种疗法的组合)与本段意义一致。故选F。
【点睛】七选五题型考查学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第1小题，根据空格前Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift).可知，幽闭恐怖症可能是在经历了一段令人不安的童年经历（比如在儿童游戏中被困在一个小空间里），或者是在后来生活中与小空间相关的另一段不愉快经历（比如被困在电梯里）后产生的。由此可推测出当一个人经历这样的事件，它往往会患上幽闭恐惧症。D项When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.(当一个人经历这样的事件时，往往会引起可怕的恐慌)符合题意。故选D。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第2小题。根据空格后Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.可知，幽闭症会出现出汗、心跳加速，胃部不适，头晕，颤抖，呼吸问题等症状。由此可推断出，当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间，他的身体会有一些特定的反应。这正与G项When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.(当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己身处一个有限的空间时，她的身体会以某种方式做出反应)一致。故选G。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however，因果关系如because，so，,as a result等。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】一般现在时、固定句式和习语
【答案】35．is determined to
36．are likely to
37．Thanks to
38．as a result of
39．subscribe to
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语
40．【答案】
【小题6】leader
【小题7】leadership
【详解】
【小题6】考查名词。句意：他被选为工会的领导人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语补足语，结合句意可知，be elected (to be) …意为“被选作某一个职位”， leader侧重于具体的一位“领导人”。故填leader。
【小题7】考查名词。句意：他被选为工党领导人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为宾语，句子中的be elected to...意为“被选入……”，leadership侧重于领导阶层，所以此处应表示“他被选进工会领导层中”。故填leadership。
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析
【答案】41．Thanks to
42．subscribes to
43．once and for all
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
44．that
45．why
46．which
47．whatever
48．where
49．what
50．whoever
51．When
52．how
【详解】
44．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
45．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
46．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
47．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
48．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
49．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
51．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
52．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】介词短语、介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语
【答案】53．consists of 54．getting involved in 55． in turn 56． in charge of 57．subscribe to
【解析】53．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：常规早餐包括大豆、一个鸡蛋、一碗粥、玉米、一个红薯、肉和两种水果。根据汉语提示“由……组成”可知，此处使用固定短语consist of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A regular breakfast，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。根据汉语提示“参加”可知，此处使用固定短语get involved in，作主语，应用动名词形式。故填getting involved in。
55．考查固定短语：请依次到前面来取书。根据汉语提示“轮流”可知，此处使用固定短语in turn。故填in turn。
56．考查固定短语。句意：经理不在了，他们正在讨论谁应该负责销售团队。根据汉语提示“主管”可知，此处使用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。
57．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。根据汉语提示“赞成”可知，此处使用固定短语subscribe to，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribed to。
五、单句
【知识点】表语从句
58．【答案】when
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你对手机上瘾，那就是你应该放下它并参与有意义的活动的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处应为表语从句引导词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when。故填when。
【知识点】表语从句
59．【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让Lily的朋友们困惑的是为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法。空处引导表语从句，缺少状语，表示“为什么”，应用连接副词why引导，故填why。
【知识点】表语从句
60．【答案】why
【详解】
考查表语从句。句意：——恐怕他是个空谈家而不是实干家。——这就是为什么他什么事都做不完。分析句子结合句意可知，空处引导表语从句，从句句意表示结果，所以用why引导从句。故填why。
【知识点】表语从句
61．【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：每个人都会犯错；这就是为什么他们把橡皮擦放在铅笔上。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。
【知识点】表语从句
62．【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：学生的全面发展是提高教育质量的关键所在。引导表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，故用where。故填where。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护
63．【答案】
Dear fellow students,
As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. Therefore, it’s high time we took immediate action to change the situation.
First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. What’s more, we should voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclable in our daily life. Also, when finding phenomenon of waste, we should stop it in time.
In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动，要求考生为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
【详解】1、词汇积累
问题：problem→issue
立即的：immediate→instant
此外：what’s more→in addition
应该：should→be supposed to
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
拓展句：First of all, it is necessary that we should raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. (运用了as，which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元基础综合练习3【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 1 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 2 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 3 . As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 4 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 5 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 6 a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 7 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 8 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 9 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related 10 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 11 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 12 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 13 a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 14 , the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 15 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
1．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means
2．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed
3．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories
4．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing
5．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally
6．A．taken by B．set for C．limited to D．listed on
7．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions
8．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial
9．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering
10．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing
11．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention
12．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere
13．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce
14．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed
15．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
Perhaps the cleverest trick in the animal world can be found in South Africa's Kalahari Desert.
At the heart of this trick is the drongo, a bird that likes to hang out with meerkats (a four toed animal)．The meerkats search for insects.While they eat, a meerkat is on duty looking for danger.Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch (降落) higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat.The drongo's alarm alerts the meerkats.They, in turn, call and run for cover.
Having their own lookout bird helps the meerkats spend more time feeding.But there is a price to pay.The drongo isn't quite as selfless as he seems, and has learnt to turn this alarm to his advantage.He becomes an expert on the meerkats' habits, learning that when an adult meerkat finds food, it calls out to the youngsters to share.As the food is about to be exchanged, the drongo calls the alarm, but this time, it's a trick.As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.
Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again.But the meerkats know when they've been tricked.And this time, no one reacts at all.So the drongo takes it to the next level.But even screaming the alarm in their face doesn't work.The meerkats are smart enough to know a cheat when they hear one.Or are they The drongo has another trick to pull.This time the drongo mimics the meerkats' own alarm call.It's so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.
Drongos get over a fifth of their daily meals by making false alarms and stealing.When a drongo has exhausted all his tricks, he tries a more brazen (厚颜无耻的) approach.But he's pushed his luck too far.He must try his tricks elsewhere.
The intelligence of animals is sometimes so extraordinary that it can be truly amazing.
16．What do drongos do when spotting danger
A．Run for cover.
B．Send out a signal.
C．Fly to a higher branch.
D．Protect the meerkats first.
17．What price do the meerkats have to pay according to Paragraph 3
A．Losing food to drongos.
B．Being attacked by drongos.
C．Sharing their food selflessly.
D．Abandoning their youngsters.
18．How do the meerkats feel when being tricked for the second time
A．Afraid.
B．Cautious.
C．Confused.
D．Depressed.
19．What are drongos good at according to the text
A．Copying.
B．Hunting.
C．Making friends.
D．Fleeing for their life.
[辽宁2021新高考联合调研]As we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine a future where machines will enlarge our abilities and help us make better life choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, AI (artificial intelligence) will understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations. It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life's moments.
The ability for AI to understand the complexities of language and slight differences in human conversation is, however, one hurdle (难关)．There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulty are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and styles of the speakers. Google Duplex, the technology supporting Google Assistant, which places phone calls using a natural-sounding human voice instead of a robotic one, is an early attempt to address such challenges in human communication. But these are just initial steps in AI's long journey.
Beyond making reservations and conducting simple dialogues, virtual assistants will need to become far more useful and further fit into our everyday life. Not only will they need to foresee what we need before we ask, they also need to understand the context of our conversations and react accordingly. Imagine a snow day when the school is cancelled for the kids. Knowing that you must now stay at home with your children, your phone would remind you, asking if you'd like to have your meetings moved to the following day. Alternatively, imagine how much more pleasant your journey home from a business trip would be if your phone could automatically arrange for a ride waiting to pick you up at the airport, based on your travel plan, location, and habits. The possibilities are endless.
20．What do we know about AI
A．It stops us living longer.
B．It narrows our abilities.
C．It doesn't know our limitations.
D．It helps us enjoy life better.
21．What makes it hard for AI to understand what humans say
A．Low levels of speakers.
B．Imperfections of AI.
C．The variety of languages and cultures.
D．Similarities among languages.
22．Which word can best describe the author's attitude towards AI
A．Doubtful.
B．Approving.
C．Negative.
D．Critical.
23．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．AI Will Replace Humans
B．AI Will Set Goals for Us
C．AI Will Be Part of Our Daily Life
D．AI Will Meet Challenges
Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium in 1929. She liked to spend time with her father. Perhaps he was not a warm father, but he was joyous and joked a lot. He had his horses, spoke 13 languages, and would take her gliding. And then everything changed. When she was six, Audrey’s father walked out.
It was the first major blow in her life. From then on, Audrey’s childhood was unsettled. Her mother decided that it might be a good idea for her to learn English, so she sent her to a boarding school. But it was difficult for Audrey to fit in. She felt like an outsider, but she learned English.
Very soon the war broke out. Audrey’s mother sent for Audrey to join her in Holland. They were taken in by Audrey’s wealthy grandfather. Then there was no heating, no school and no food. Yet, Audrey’s spirit shone through. She showed remarkable resilience during the war.
Audrey made her performance debut by dancing in wartime Holland. She didn’t know how long the war was going to last, so she went to a ballet school and learned to dance. About a year before the end of the war, she became quite an excellent performer. After the war ended, Audrey carried on with her ballet training. In 1951, a famous French writer was looking for a leading lady for her best-loved novel. When she saw Audrey, she famously said, “I’ve found my Gigi!” Audrey was to take America by storm.
Audrey gained immediate prominence in the US with her role in Roman Holiday in 1953. This film turned out to be a splendid success as she won an Oscar as Best Actress. This gained her enormous popularity and more plum roles. One of the reasons for her popularity was the fact that she was self-like, unlike the sex-goddesses of the time. Roman Holiday was followed by another similarly wonderful performance in the 1957 classic Funny Face.
24．What was Audrey’s first major blow in her life
A．She was born in Belgium in 1929. B．Her father walked out when she’s six.
C．She was sent to a boarding school. D．The war broke out and she left for Holland.
25．How did the author develop his text
A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples.
C．By time order. D．By listing figures.
26．What’s the main idea of this text
A．Audrey’s early life and learning. B．Audrey’s father and mother.
C．Audrey’s learning English and ballet. D．Audrey’s family and a French writer.
27．What can we infer from this text
A．Audrey’s father didn’t love her at all. B．Audrey’s mother was good at speaking English.
C．Audrey had a strong ability to adapt. D．Attending ballet school made Audrey’s career start.
C
“We are what we eat”—or so the saying goes.From high-calorie meals to low-fat lunches,much of our health depends on what we eat.We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.
Some people are now advocating the therapeutic(治疗的)value of cooking food.It’s not just about the end result but the experience someone goes through.
TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.She loves to bake and became the champion of the TV show,The Great British Bake Off.She says that “Baking’s always been about therapy.It’s never really been about the cake.” And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.
Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.People have said that kneading dough(面团) to make bread,for example,has given them a sense of calm and control.Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.
Nicole Farmer,who studies how food impacts our biology,behavior and mental health,told BBC online that “cooking represents the shared human experience of food,and nurturing people through food,so I think that’s where it integrates opportunity into immediate positive emotions”.
Of course,cooking can be a very sociable activity and sharing the end result,a rewarding experience.Hopefully,as we start to mix with friends and family again,we can enjoy the benefits once more and put us all in the right frame of mind.
28．What does the underlined word “well-being” mean in the first paragraph
A．Happiness. B．Recovery.
C．Preference. D．Influence.
29．Why does the author mention “TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain” in Paragraph 3
A．To explain a regulation.
B．To support a viewpoint.
C．To present a fact.
D．To make a prediction.
30．How does cooking do good to people during the boring time
A．By creating delicious food.
B．By offering a sense of quietness.
C．By impressing human experience of food.
D．By drawing one’s attention to be occupied.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．We Are What We Eat
B．How Food Affects Our Behavior
C．Cooking Benefits Mental Health
D．Cooking Helps Connect Friends and Family
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation (互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts. These systems use advanced sensors, satellite imagery, and machine learning algorithms (算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements, habitat preferences, and migration patterns. 32
Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals. 33 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely, which decreases human impact on wildlife.
In addition, AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely. Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 34 For example, by analyzing the collected data, conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices.
35 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal’s life.
Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 36 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means, such as donations, volunteer work, and so on.
A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions.
B．However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals.
C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods.
D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation.
E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience.
F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork.
G．With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
37．选词填空
initial; initially
【小题16】As far as I am concerned, the plan was better.
【小题17】She came to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
38．选词填空
vivid; vividly
【小题14】I can remember the day we met.
【小题15】My daughter is a child with imagination.
39．选词填空
steady; steadily
【小题10】We are making slow but progress.
【小题11】The company is increasing its market share.
40．选词填空
gift; gifted
【小题8】He has a in dealing with all kinds of people in his job.
【小题9】He is one of the most table tennis players in the world.
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
severe present distant different
41．I was asked to give a about my vacation plan in English.
42．The UN sent food to ten African countries affected by the drought last month.
43．The beach is within walking of my house.
44．His methods for studying English from mine completely.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
45．The gentle is always those in trouble，so he readily comes to people’s whenever they come across difficulties.(assist)
46．If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities. (用适当的词填空)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 47 (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 48 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 49 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 50 (declare) she had no plans 51 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 52 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 53 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 54 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 55 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 56 (wonder).”
57．在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Peter, as well as his ______（assist）, Lily, was performing a chemical experiment yesterday afternoon, but I don't know whether they have finished it.
58．It is thanks this committee that many new sponsors have come forward.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
59．假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据以下内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信:
1.写信目的;
2.活动时间、地点和意义;
3.回复时间:4月15日前。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、社会、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B. returns返回；C. aims旨在；D. means意味着。根据后文“to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. abandoned抛弃；B. delayed延误；C. established建立；D. assumed假设。根据后文“because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. films电影；B. faces脸；C. issues问题；D. stories故事。呼应上文“the interest of celebrity”指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C. exploring探索；D. developing开发，发展。根据上文“from advertising for others’ products to”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. taken by突袭；B. set for安排；C. limited to限于；D. listed on列在……上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A. brands品牌；B. trends趋势；C. sales销售；D. editions版本。根据上文“they’re started by first-class stars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通的；B. specific特别的；C. potential有潜力的；D. artificial人造的。根据上文“The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A. promoting促进；B. extending延伸；C. engaging参与；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almost all the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源；B. organization组织；C. release释放；D. intention意图。根据上文“No matter how famous the product’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous持续的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. initial首先的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“attention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D. reduce减少。根据上文“Each misstep threatens to”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B. Thus因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文“the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A. stars明星；B. models模型；C. designers设计师；D. advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
16．B
17．A
18．B
19．A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界里最狡诈的骗局。在南非，卷尾鸟与狐獴这对“合作伙伴”彼此要斗智斗勇，才能填饱肚子。它们之间的较量让人忍俊不禁。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat.The drongo's alarm alerts the meerkats.可知，卷尾鸟发现危险时，会给狐獴发信号。故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.可知，狐獴付出的代价是其食物被卷尾鸟偷走了。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again.But the meerkats know when they've been tricked.And this time, no one reacts at all.可知，狐獴第二次被骗时不会去回应。由此可见，狐獴变得很谨慎。故选B项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中的This time the drongo mimics the meerkats' own alarm call.It's so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.可知，卷尾鸟能模仿狐獴自己特有的警报声，并且模仿得非常准确。由此可知，卷尾鸟很善于模仿。故选A项。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
20．D
21．C
22．B
23．C
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了未来人工智能会给我们的生活带来很多便利，成为我们日常生活的一部分。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段中的It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life's moments.可知，人工智能帮助我们更好地享受生活。故选D项。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulty are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and styles of the speakers.可知，多种多样的语言和文化让人工智能很难理解人类说的话。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据第一段中的It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life's moments.以及最后一段中的The possibilities are endless.并结合全文可知，作者一直在强调人工智能的优点，且对人工智能的未来充满期待。由此推知，作者对人工智能持赞成态度。故选B项。
23．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life's moments.以及最后一段中的virtual assistants will need to become far more useful and further fit into our everyday life可知，文章主要介绍了未来人工智能会给我们的生活带来很多便利，成为我们日常生活的一部分。由此可知，C项(人工智能将成为我们日常生活的一部分)最适合做本文标题。故选C项。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、故事、细节理解、著名人物、记叙文
【答案】
24．B；
25．C；
26．A；
27．D
【详解】
〖导语〗
这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了著名演员奥黛丽·赫本早年的学习和生活情况。
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“When she was six, Audrey’s father walked out.(奥黛丽六岁时，她的父亲离家出走)”以及第二段中“It was the first major blow in her life.(这是她人生中第一次受到沉重打击)”可知，奥黛丽生命中的第一个重大打击是她父亲在她六岁时离开了她。故选B。
25．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium in 1929.(奥黛丽·赫本1929年出生于比利时)”；“When she was six, Audrey’s father walked out.(奥黛丽六岁时，她的父亲离家出走)”；第二段中“From then on, Audrey’s childhood was unsettled.(从那时起，奥黛丽的童年就不安定了)”；第三段中“Very soon the war broke out. (战争很快就爆发了)”；倒数第二段中“In 1951, a famous French writer was looking for a leading lady for her best-loved novel.(1951年，一位著名的法国作家为她最喜爱的小说寻找女主角)”以及最后一段中“Audrey gained immediate prominence in the US with her role in Roman Holiday in 1953.(1953年，奥黛丽在《罗马假日》中扮演的角色使她在美国一举成名)”和“Roman Holiday was followed by another similarly wonderful performance in the 1957 classic Funny Face.(在《罗马假日》之后，她又在1957年的经典电影《甜姐儿》中上演了同样精彩的表演)”可推知，文章是以时间为序介绍奥黛丽早期的生活和学习的。故选C。
26．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium in 1929.(奥黛丽·赫本1929年出生于比利时)”结合本文主要介绍了国际著名演员奥黛丽·赫本早年的学习和生活情况。故选A。
27．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She didn’t know how long the war was going to last, so she went to a ballet school and learned to dance. About a year before the end of the war, she became quite an excellent performer. After the war ended, Audrey carried on with her ballet training. In 1951, a famous French writer was looking for a leading lady for her best-loved novel. When she saw Audrey, she famously said, “I’ve found my Gigi!” Audrey was to take America by storm.(她不知道战争会持续多久，所以她去了一所芭蕾舞学校学习舞蹈。大约在战争结束前一年，她成为了一名相当出色的演员。战争结束后，奥黛丽继续她的芭蕾舞训练。1951年，一位著名的法国作家为她最喜爱的小说寻找女主角。当她看到奥黛丽时，她说了一句名言：“我找到了我的琪琪！”奥黛丽将席卷美国)”可推知，奥黛丽上芭蕾舞学校为她的演艺事业奠定了良好的基础，是她事业的开端。故选D。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】28．A
29．B
30．D
31．C
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处。
【解析】28．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和第四段最后一句“Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.”可推知,well-being意为“健康,快乐”。
29．写作意图题。根据第三段关键句“TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.”和“And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.”可知,作者提及电视厨师兼作家的目的是支持烹饪有益于心理健康的观点。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.”可知,烹饪能帮助人们在无聊的时间集中注意力去做一件事。
31．标题归纳题。根据文章第一段关键句“We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.”并结合全文内容可知,本文讲述了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处,“Cooking Benefits Mental Health”符合本文主旨,为合适的标题。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】32．D 33．B 34．A 35．G 36．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能定位技术如何改变研究人员追踪和监控野生动物的方式，使保护工作更加有力。这些系统利用先进的传感器、卫星图像和机器学习算法收集有关动物运动、栖息地偏好和迁徙模式的实时数据。
【解析】32．根据上文“Artificial Intelligence(AI) geolocation(互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts.(人工智能地理定位技术解决方案正在改变研究人员跟踪和监测野生动物的方式，使更有力的保护工作成为可能。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案对野生动物保护有很大的帮助，D 选项“The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation(这些解决方案为野生动物保护提供了以下关键好处)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选D。
33．根据上文“Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals.(传统的追踪方法通常依赖于非自动追踪或不方便的项链式系统，这可能会给动物带来压力和不适。)”可知，传统追踪方法会给动物带来压力和不适，B 选项“However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals(然而，人工智能追踪不需要与动物进行干扰性接触)”与上文形成转折，符合语境。故选B。
34．根据上文“Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations.(通过它们的帮助，科学家可以深入了解栖息地的选择，并评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以帮助科学家评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响，A 选项“This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions(这些知识使他们能够做出准确和有效的决定)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选A。
35．根据下文“By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time,researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal's movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal's life.(通过实时监测动物的行为变化，研究人员可以快速发现环境问题的迹象。动物运动的突然变化可能表明存在威胁或问题。研究人员可以立即做出反应，有可能挽救动物的生命。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以实时监测动物的行为变化，对野生动物面临的风险起到预警作用，G 选项“With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks(通过实时数据，人工智能解决方案还可以作为野生动物风险的预警系统)”符合语境。故选G。
36．根据上文“Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species.(通过在线平台共享地理位置数据也有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识。)”可知，共享地理位置数据有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识，E 选项“Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience(直接参与保护工作能让人们获得第一手经验)”是对上文的进一步解释，符合语境。故选E。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
37．【答案】
【小题16】initial
【小题17】initially
【详解】
【小题16】考查形容词。句意：就我而言，最初的计划更好。修饰名词plan应用形容词initial表示“最初的”作定语。故填initial。
【小题17】考查副词。句意：她起初只来住几天，但最后住了整整一个月。修饰动词came应用副词initially表示“最初”作状语。故填initially。
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
38．【答案】
【小题14】vividly
【小题15】vivid
【详解】
【小题14】考查副词。句意：我清楚地记得我们相遇的那一天。设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词remember，vividly“清晰地”是副词，符合句意。故填vividly。
【小题15】考查形容词。句意：我的女儿是一个想象力丰富的孩子。设空处在句中修饰名词imagination，vivid“（人的想象力）丰富的”是形容词，符合句意。故填vivid。
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
39．【答案】
【小题10】steady
【小题11】steadily
【详解】
【小题10】考查形容词。句意：我们正在取得缓慢但稳定的进展。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词progress，steady为形容词，意为“稳定的”符合句意和词法功能。故选steady。
【小题11】考查副词。句意：公司市场份额稳步增长。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词increasing，steadily为副词，意为“稳定地”符合句意和词法功能。故选steadily。
【知识点】名词作宾语、形容词作定语
40．【答案】
【小题8】gift
【小题9】gifted
【详解】
【小题8】考查名词。句意：他有与工作中各种各样的人打交道的天赋。设空处在句中作宾语，gift“天赋，才能”为可数名词，符合句意，短语have a gift in意为“在……方面有天赋”。故填gift。
【小题9】考查形容词。句意：他是世界上最有天赋的乒乓球运动员之一。设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词短语table tennis players，gifted“有天赋的；天资聪慧的”是形容词，作定语，符合句意。故填gifted。
【知识点】一般现在时、副词作状语、副词的基本形式、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、语法一致
【答案】41．presentation 42．severely 43．distance 44．differ
【详解】41．考查名词。句意：我被要求用英语汇报我的假期计划。分析句子可知，空处放在a后，作give的宾语，用名词单数，present对应的名词presentation（陈述）符合题意。故填：presentation。
42．考查副词。句意：上个月，联合国向受干旱严重影响的10个非洲国家运送了粮食。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词修饰affected，severe对应的副词severely（严重地）符合题意。故填：severely。
43．考查名词。句意：海滩离我家几步之遥。分析句子可知，空处缺少within的宾语，表示“在步行距离之内”，用distant对应的名词distance（距离）作宾语。故填：distance。
44．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：他学习英语的方法和我的完全不同。分析句子可知，主语methods为复数，表示客观事实，用一般现在时。different（不同的）改为动词differ（不同于）。故填：differ。
五、单句
【知识点】名词作主语、名词作宾语、现在进行时的基本用法和结构
45．【答案】assistant assisting assistance
【知识点】表语从句
46．【答案】when
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你对手机上瘾，那就是你应该放下它并参与有意义的活动的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处应为表语从句引导词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when。故填when。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定冠词、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、个人情况、副词作状语、动名词作宾语、动名词的一般式：doing、动词不定式作定语、工作与职业、并列连词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、形容词作表语、现在分词作定语、现在分词的一般式：doing、现在分词表主动意义、现在完成时、记叙文
【答案】
47．being
48．which
49．finally
50．declared
51．to retire
52．have made
53．but
54．saying
55．a
56．wonderful
【详解】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十岁高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被称为“年度女性”，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
48．考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天从早上9点工作到下午5点，在麦克格斯菲尔德的一家宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故填which。
49．考查副词。句意：她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可，一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。
50．考查时态。句意：在领取“终身成就奖”时，自豪的艾琳宣布，她没有从已经成立36年的公司退休的打算。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：在领取“终身成就奖”时，自豪的艾琳宣布，她没有从36岁的公司退休的打算。此处用不定式作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
52．考查动词时态。句意：我喜欢来这里，看看我的家人和多年来结交的所有朋友。根据该定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have made。
53．考查连词。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们接到电话说她被选中时，我们以为这是个玩笑。前面已经有谓语动词got ，故此处用非谓语动词形式，作后置定语，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故用现在分词，故填saying。
55．考查冠词。句意：当我们接到电话说她被选中时，我们以为这是个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
56．考查形容词。句意：这是美妙的。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
【知识点】名词的数
57．【答案】assistant
【解析】句意为：彼得和他的助手莉莉昨天下午在做一个化学实验，但我不知道他们是否做完了。设空处前有his修饰，应填名词，意为 “助手”，再由后面的同位语可知应用单数，故填assistant。
【知识点】其他介词
58．【答案】to
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、邀请、邀请信
59．【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite your school to take part in our school’s upcoming Dragon Boat Race from May 25th to 30th on the Pearl River in Shamian, Guangzhou.
The event is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop closer ties and to promote cultural exchange.The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused. It will provide students the chance to learn from each other, improve their boating skills and promote friendship.
We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part. We’d appreciate hearing from you before April 15th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
〖导语〗
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据提示内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ attend
纪念：commemorate→ in memory of
收到来信：hear from→ get letters
优秀的：outstanding→ excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is chairman of the Student Union.
【点睛】
〖高分句型1〗The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
〖高分句型2〗We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元基础综合练习4 【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 1 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 2 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 3 . As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 4 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 5 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 6 a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 7 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 8 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 9 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related 10 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 11 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 12 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 13 a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 14 , the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 15 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
1．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means
2．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed
3．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories
4．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing
5．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally
6．A．taken by B．set for C．limited to D．listed on
7．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions
8．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial
9．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering
10．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing
11．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention
12．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere
13．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce
14．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed
15．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body.
Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape.
To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃.
In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body.
Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding.
According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. Abbott emphasizes the high temperature sensitivity of the human body.
16．What can we infer about the small robot
A．It has been put into use.
B．It is mainly used to deliver goods.
C．It draws inspiration from the natural world.
D．It can’t be used without adding hard elements.
17．How do the researchers make the robot change shape
A．By using heat. B．By using magnets.
C．By using radiation. D．By using chemicals.
18．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Stop. B．Challenge. C．Evaluate. D．Explore.
19．Which can be the best title for the text
A．A Tiny Robot Will Be Used in Medicine
B．Scientists Will Make Robots Give Out Heat
C．A Small Robot Was Made to Deliver Goods
D．Doctors Have Used Tiny Robots to Cure Tumors
It’s one of the most common questions adults ask children: what do you want to be when you grow up Although childhood is supposed to be fun, kids also discuss important topics regarding their futures. Now, a new study finds that children who set big goals regarding their future status and education often set themselves up for success as they age.
The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace. Rodica Damian, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston, and other researchers discovered that as children grow up, their goals naturally begin to change. However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and even becoming more involved in the community or helping others.
During the study, researchers compared how their goals evolved as children moved from adolescence to adulthood and how a person’s goals impacted their success in school and as an employee later on. Overall, a child’s goals focusing on their education and future status were the most consistent predictors of income in adulthood. Simply, when a child dreams big about doing well in school or achieving great success as an adult, these goals accurately paint a picture of how successful these children will be. So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!
“Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes.
20．What does the study mainly focus on
A．Why children change their dreams over time.
B．Whether childhood goals relate to future success.
C．How childhood education determines future career.
D．What impact early experiences have on characters.
21．Which of the following goals remains strong as children grow up
A．Connecting with others. B．Achieving academic success.
C．Hunting for a high-salary job. D．Improving personal social status.
22．What message does the author convey in paragraph 3
A．Future careers is determined by Childhood achievements.
B．Childhood ambition is potentially connected with success.
C．Setting small goals is more beneficial than dreaming big.
D．Adjusting goals can create new opportunities for success.
23．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To summarize learning strategies. B．To offer suggestions for future studies.
C．To stress the significance of the study. D．To point out the limitations of the study.
[广东执信中学2024高二期中]
The success of many North American crops partly depends on ground beetles, small insects that eat pests and weed seeds which could otherwise damage crops. But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests not all of the nearly 2,000 species of ground beetles found in North America will survive climate change. Some could decline.And that could have a far-reaching impact on agriculture, forestry, and conservation.
By studying the data on 136 different ground beetle species across continental North America, Puerto Rico and Hawaii, the researchers found that a species' chance of success in a changing climate depends on several important factors, such as its habitat preference, body size, and whether it flies, climbs or runs.
“We found that less mobile, nonflying ground beetles, which are critical pest control agents, are more likely to decline over time in a warmer, drier climate,” said Tong Qiu, who led the study.“That means you're going to have more pests that can impact agricultural and forest ecosystems.” But there is reason for hope, Qiu added, because the analysis also showed that habitat conservation can lessen these effects and reverse the trends in some areas.
“We hope conservation biologists will use the information and the online map that we created to better manage habitats for insects in general. Ground beetles are very beneficial to ecosystems, but they're largely invisible to the average person. In this paper we're showing the broad impacts they have on whole communities in forested and agricultural ecosystems,” said Qiu.
The researchers used ground beetle count data from the National Science Foundation's National Ecological Observatory Network （NEON） and from 11 previously published studies to measure and map the beetles' distribution across North America. Habitat information, such as the location of gaps in forest canopies （树冠） and the density of plants on a forest floor, was obtained by using NEON's imaging instruments to create detailed three-dimensional images of landscapes. The researchers then entered the collected data into a statistical model to simulate （模拟） climate change to study how the insects would respond.
24． What does the new study in North America show
A．Pests could destroy many North American crops.
B．Some ground beetles will not survive climate change.
C．The survival of ground beetles only depends on its habitat.
D．Some ground beetles will destroy crops in a warmer climate.
25． What does Tong Qiu intend to convey in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．There is no way to stop the decline of ground beetles.
B．Critical pests are more adaptable in a warmer, drier climate.
C．Ground beetles will become less mobile in a warmer climate.
D．The importance of ground beetles should be widely recognised.
26． How did the research team carry out the study
A．By analysing data. B．By assessing conditions.
C．By doing field research. D．By studying documents.
27． What is the best title for the passage
A．North American Agriculture Crops at Risk
B．Crop-Saving Beetles Under Climate Threats
C．Catastrophic Climate Change on the Way
D．Beetles' Reaction to Simulated Climate Change
[陕西西安2022高二期末]The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13，000 years ago. Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.
Dr Ciprian Ardelean, from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010.Getting to the cave located 2，750 metres above sea level required a 45 minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain. However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.
The archaeologists' efforts revealed many artefacts including over 1，900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 13，000 and 16，000 years old. However, 239 artefacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30，000 years!
While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulphur, potassium and zinc elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans' origins or the path they took to get to America.They guess the groups were tribes (部落) who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr Ardelean says, “We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They're a complete enigma．We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas today are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don't think that is the case.” Archaeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artefacts recovered are tools. The researcher says, “If it's true that people were in Zacatecas 32，000 years ago, that changes everything—it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion.”
28．What did Dr Ciprian Ardelean do
A．He sold hundreds of artefacts.
B．He explored the cave four times.
C．He made the cave world-known.
D．He collected artefacts from the cave.
29．What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A．Metal elements unearthed from the cave.
B．Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C．The artefacts from the cave's deepest layer.
D．The artefacts from the upper layers of the cave.
30．What does the underlined word “enigma” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Problem.
B．Breakthrough.
C．Appeal.
D．Mystery.
31．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A．Archaeology.
B．Anecdote.
C．Travel.
D．Literature.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 32 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
33 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 34 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
35 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 36 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
37．While the astronomer is faced with many difficulties，he overcome them.
38．With suitable learning methods，you study more efficiently.
39． his practical suggestions，I have made great progress in English learning.
40．The scientist succeeded at last his hard work as well as strong determination.
41．Judging from what they have said，I can clearly tell that they won’t such strict rules.
come down with,be incharge of, break out,trace back to, above all
42．I feel greatly honored to the activity to be held in the school lecture hall next Saturday.
43．Learning that he a serious illness，we were shocked.
44．Once conflicts in the future，you must tell me as soon as possible.
45．Workers， ，will know how to handle the problem correctly.
46．The past experience can be the moment of birth.
subscribe to, thanks to, once and for all
47． his assistance，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.
48．The famous scientist the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
49．In the past few months，I have looked forward to handling the hardships .
suspect..of, once and for all,thanks to, attend to, subscribe to
50．He my idea that reading more books can enrich our knowledge.
51．Please give me some advice so that I can solve the problem .
52． your suggestions，I could achieve my goal so smoothly.
53．So far I all the matters，and as a result，I can go on a trip to relax myself.
54． stealing my roommate’s watch，I was on the verge of crying.
选词填空
switch to be overwhelmed by suspect sb. of be comprised of be rich in link…to break out attend to be exposed to engage in
55．The agricultural research team two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers.
56．He got tired of teaching and writing stories.
57．They had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
58．Since heart disease is often our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
59．You’ve got so many things to . Can you manage it all by yourself
60．Despite his poor living conditions, he remained actively his scientific research.
61．The man being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
62．It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏), which Vitamin
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
63．If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities. (用适当的词填空)
64．This is in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By the time Helen Keller was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was, often unbearable. Her parents got a superb teacher 65 (recommend) to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne, whose technique was simple and straightforward, put an object into Helen’s hand and spelt out the word on her other hand. The precious knowledge Anne 66 (teach) Helen gave her hope and joy. As Helen grasped the key to language, she discovered more complex words and eventually understood them.
67．The topic ____________________ (discuss)now has drawn some experts’ attention.
68．Although some people think this makes porridge boring，I think this is makes porridge exciting!
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
69．当今世界科技发展日新月异，各种新产品、新事物不断产生。随着人们生活水平的提高，这些发明创造给人们的生活带来了各种影响，现就发明的利弊写一篇作文。
要求：
1、词数80左右；
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、社会、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B. returns返回；C. aims旨在；D. means意味着。根据后文“to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. abandoned抛弃；B. delayed延误；C. established建立；D. assumed假设。根据后文“because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. films电影；B. faces脸；C. issues问题；D. stories故事。呼应上文“the interest of celebrity”指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C. exploring探索；D. developing开发，发展。根据上文“from advertising for others’ products to”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. taken by突袭；B. set for安排；C. limited to限于；D. listed on列在……上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A. brands品牌；B. trends趋势；C. sales销售；D. editions版本。根据上文“they’re started by first-class stars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通的；B. specific特别的；C. potential有潜力的；D. artificial人造的。根据上文“The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A. promoting促进；B. extending延伸；C. engaging参与；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almost all the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源；B. organization组织；C. release释放；D. intention意图。根据上文“No matter how famous the product’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous持续的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. initial首先的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“attention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D. reduce减少。根据上文“Each misstep threatens to”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B. Thus因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文“the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A. stars明星；B. models模型；C. designers设计师；D. advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
16．C
17．B
18．A
19．A
【详解】
16．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). (德国斯图加特马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所的任浩顺领导的研究人员，以穿山甲为灵感，开发了一种厘米大小的机器人。)”可知，这种小型机器人的研发灵感来自穿山甲。由此推知，该机器人的灵感是来自于自然界。故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape. (它是由柔软的磁性材料制成的，可以让机器人改变自己的形状。)”可知，这种机器人是一种柔性磁性材料做的，结合第三段的“To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. (为了实现运动、变形和发热，研究人员在机器人的金属部件上施加了磁场。)”可知，为了让这种机器人能改变形状，研究人员使用了有磁性的材料。故选B项。
18．词义推测题。根据第五段的“Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability…”可知，此处指的是团队要对该机器人的某种能力进行测试，结合下文中的“Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding. (随后，机器人伸展并覆盖了该区域，释放热量以帮助止血。)”可知，这种机器人能够帮助止血。由此可知，画线单词的意思应是“阻止”。A．Stop 阻止，停止；B．Challenge 挑战；C．Evaluate 评估；D．Explore 探索。故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。根据首段“A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body. (一个可以改变形状并产生热量的小型机器人显示出靶向癌细胞和预防内出血的潜力。它还可以用于将药物直接输送到肿瘤(肿瘤)或人体内无法到达的区域。)”可知，研究人员设计了一种可以改变形状的小型机器人，这种机器人可以靶向杀灭肿瘤细胞，还能给伤口止血，具有潜在医学应用前景，进而在下文中对该机器人的制作灵感以及该机器人的功能进行介绍。由此可知，A选项“A Tiny Robot Will Be Used in Medicine (一种将被应用在医学上的小型机器人)”与文章内容一致，且概括了主题。故选A项。
【知识点】目的意图、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】20．B 21．A 22．B 23．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关的研究以及研究的发现。
【解析】20．细节理解题。根据第二段“The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace.(发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究结果首次揭示了人生目标的发展与未来在学校或工作场所的成功之间的联系)”可知，这项研究的重点是童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and even becoming more involved in the community or helping others.(然而，当一些童年目标消失时，与家庭有关的其他目标却依然强大。这些包括与亲戚亲近，建立更多的友谊或找到一个浪漫的伴侣，甚至更多地参与社区或帮助他人)”可知，与他人联系目标在孩子长大后仍然是强有力的。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!(所以，我要传达的信息很简单：孩子们，要有远大的梦想，要梦想成功!当你长大后，这些目标会驱使你走向成功!)”可知，作者在第3段传达了童年的野心与成功有潜在的联系。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes.(“我们的研究证明，孩子的人生目标、教育成就和未来的职业成就之间存在着密切的联系。这些信息对父母和教育工作者来说很有价值，他们可以用它来鼓励孩子们设定雄心勃勃的目标。此外，它还有助于制定支持个人实现目标和充分发挥潜力的策略，”达米安总结道)”可知，最后一段的目的是强调这项研究的意义。故选C。
【知识点】情节发展、文章标题、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，在北美发现的能够保护农作物的近2,000种步甲科昆虫中，有一些面临气候威胁。
【解析】
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests not all of the nearly 2,000 species of ground beetles found in North America will survive climate change.Some could decline.可知，北美的这项新研究表明，一些步甲科昆虫将无法在气候变化中生存。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，气候变化会影响步甲科昆虫，而这种昆虫的减少会影响农业和森林生态系统。再根据第四段中的Ground beetles are very beneficial to ecosystems, but they're largely invisible to the average person.In this paper we're showing the broad impacts they have on whole communities in forested and agricultural ecosystems可知，步甲科昆虫对生态系统非常有益，但普通人基本上看不到它们。邱桐在论文中展示了它们对森林和农业生态系统中整个群落的广泛影响。因此邱桐想表达的是，步甲科昆虫的重要性应该得到广泛的认识。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的By studying the data on 136 different ground beetle species以及最后一段中的The researchers used ground beetle count data和The researchers then entered the collected data into a statistical model to simulate climate change to study how the insects would respond.可知，研究小组是通过分析数据展开这项研究的。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北美步甲科昆虫能够抑制害虫、保护农作物，而随着气候变化，一些品种的步甲科昆虫数量正在减少，为了保护这些步甲科昆虫，研究人员开展了一系列相关的研究。结合选项可知，B项（拯救农作物的步甲科昆虫面临气候威胁）最适合做本文的标题。
【长难句分析】
句意：研究人员利用美国国家科学基金会的国家生态观测网络（NEON）和先前发表的11项研究中的步甲科昆虫计数数据，测量并绘制了步甲科昆虫在北美的分布图。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
28．B
29．C
30．D
31．A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥中部萨卡特卡斯的奇基韦特洞穴中的考古发现表明，史前人类可能早在3万年前就生活在北美。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Dr Ciprian Ardelean, from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010.以及最后一句However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016, and 2017.可知，阿尔代莱安博士第一次去这个洞穴是在2010年5月，然后在2012、2016和2017年又分别去了一次，所以他探索了这个洞穴四次。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从洞穴中挖掘出来的1，900多件石器中，大部分都有13，000到16，000年的历史，然而从洞穴最深处出土的239件人工制品可以追溯到3万年前。由此可知，从洞穴最深处发现的人工制品动摇了北美的传统信仰。故选C项。
30．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went.可知，考古学家们不了解古代人类的情况，他们对考古学家来说完全是一个谜。因此画线词意为“谜”。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段最后一句Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30，000 years ago.可知，文章介绍了一项考古发现，因此最有可能在报纸的考古专栏中读到这篇文章。故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．E 35．B 36．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】32．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
33．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
34．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
35．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
36．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】一般现在时、固定句式和习语
【答案】37．is determined to
38．are likely to
39．Thanks to
40．as a result of
41．subscribe to
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、动词短语、含情态动词的被动语态、固定句式和习语
【答案】42．be in charge of
43．came down with
44．break out
45．above all
46．traced back to
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析
【答案】47．Thanks to
48．subscribes to
49．once and for all
【知识点】从属连词、动词短语、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】50．subscribes to
51．once and for all.
52．Thanks to
53．have attended to
54．Suspected of
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、动词短语、语法一致、过去分词作定语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
55．is comprised of
56．switched to
57．broke out
58．linked to
59．attend to
60．engaged in
61．suspected of
62．are rich in
【详解】
55．考查动词短语。句意：农业研究小组由两名资深科学家、一名教授和四名研究员组成。空前的主语“The agricultural research team”是由空后的“two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers”“组成的”。短语“be comprised of”，意为“由……组成”；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时。故填is comprised of。
56．考查动词短语。句意：他厌倦了教书，改行写故事。根据上文“He got tired of teaching”可知，他厌倦了教书，由此可知，他是“转向”写故事。动词短语“switch to”，意为“转向、改行”，符合句意。根据上文的时态可知，并列谓语动词为一般过去时；主语“he”和动词短语“switch to”之间为主动关系。故填switched to。
57．考查动词短语。句意：他们在1939年战争爆发前不久逃到了美国。根据上文“They had escaped to America”可知，他们是在战争“爆发”前逃到了美国；动词短语“break out”，意为“爆发”，符合句意。主语为“the war”，单数，和动词短语“break out”之间为主动关系，根据时间状语“in 1939”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填broke out。
58．考查动词短语。句意：由于心脏病通常与我们的生活方式选择有关，我们需要使健康的生活成为我们生活的重要组成部分。根据句意可知，主语“heart disease”和空后的“our lifestyle choices”是有关的。动词短语“link…to…”，意为“和……有关”，符合句意。主语“heart disease”，单数，和动词短语“link…to…”之间为被动关系。故填linked to。
59．考查动词短语。句意：你有这么多事情要处理。你一个人能搞定吗？根据下文“Can you manage it all by yourself ”可知，空处指的是有事情“处理”。动词短语“attend to”，意为“处理”，符合句意。出现在动词不定式符号后，用动词原形。故填attend to。
60．考查动词短语。句意：尽管生活条件很差，他仍然积极从事科学研究。根据空后的“his scientific research”可知，空处指的是“从事”。动词短语“engage in”，意为“从事”，构成短语：remain engaged in，意为“从事……”。故填engaged in。
61．考查动词短语。句意：有人看见那个被怀疑是劫案主谋的人正在过马路。根据空后“being behind the robbery”可知，空处指的是“被怀疑”。动词短语“suspect sb. of”，意为“怀疑某人……”，符合句意。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“the man”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填suspected of。
62．考查动词短语。句意：多吃动物肝脏是有益的，因为它富含维生素。根据上文“It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏)”可知，动物肝脏是“富含”维生素，所以要多吃。短语“be rich in”，意为“富含”，符合句意。从句主语为which，即先行词“animal livers”，复数。故填are rich in。
五、单句
【知识点】表语从句
63．【答案】when
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你对手机上瘾，那就是你应该放下它并参与有意义的活动的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处应为表语从句引导词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when。故填when。
【知识点】表语从句
64．【答案】because
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、著名人物、记叙文、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】65．recommended 66．taught/had taught
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述海伦 凯勒七岁时的状况及老师安妮 沙利文对她的帮助。
【详解】65．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父母得到了一位推荐给他们的优秀老师，一位名叫安妮 沙利文的女士。空格处作后置定语修饰teacher，使用非谓语动词，teacher与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recommended。
66．考查动词时态。句意：安妮教给海伦的宝贵知识给了她希望和快乐。此处可理解为本句表示的是过去某个时间发生的动作，用一般过去时；也可理解为“教知识”这一动作在“给予希望和快乐”之前已完成，用过去完成时had taught，两种时态均符合语境。故填taught/had taught。
【知识点】动名词作定语、动名词的被动式
67．【答案】being discussed
【知识点】表语从句
68．【答案】what
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、哲理感悟、社会、科普知识、议论文
69．【答案】 With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more inventions are made. People’s lives have been greatly changed. However, everything has two sides, so the new inventions also have advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, it makes our life more convenient. For example, high-speed railways can save us a lot of time. What’s more, it makes us learn much more about the earth. However, the inventions bring harm for us. It also makes some of us be lazy because life is too comfortable.
Above all, we should make full use of the inventions and do our best to reduce its disadvantages.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生就发明的利弊写一篇短文。
【详解】1、 词汇积累
快速的：rapid→quick
例如：for example→for instance
给……带来伤害：bring harm for→do harm to
充分利用：make full use of→make the best of
2、 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more inventions are made.
拓展句：As science and technology develops rapidly, more and more inventions are made.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It also makes some of us be lazy because life is too comfortable.(使用了“make+宾语+宾补”结构、because引导原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】Above all, we should make full use of the inventions and do our best to reduce its disadvantages. (使用了and连接并列句和不定式作目的状语)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元基础综合练习5 【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
The universal use of technology has resulted in a constant current of information interrupting the “flow” of our life. This 1 pattern was initially marketed as “call-waiting” for our phones. But now our eyes, ears, and fingers are glued to our technology 24/7. We are 2 by emails, texts, or the news on our Facebook pages. My friend Ron refers to this technology as “weapons of mass distraction.”
But how is this mass distraction 3 us According to a 2010 Kaiser Family Foundation report, children from eight to eighteen spend an average of seven hours and thirty-eight minutes a day using entertainment media. In addition, a study found that exposure to 4 media was associated with attention problems in a sample of 210 college students.
The 5 is just part of the larger picture. Dealing with a crowd of daily text messages and emails makes it difficult for us to be by ourselves when all that activity stops. Although a sense of 6 is natural at times, our addiction to the nonstop interaction afforded by technology deepens that feeling when access to the technology is unexpectedly 7 . Just think how you feel when you lack cell phone or web access. Is it possible that our obsession with continually checking our emails and text messages has contributed to our 8 to genuinely relate with others
Apart from the effects of technology on our 9 and our ability to be at ease without technology, let’s examine how interacting with our devices 10 the development of our fundamental communication and social skills. Many researchers observe that everyday conversation between human beings is becoming increasingly 11 .
Many of today’s children are growing up with a built-in dependence on devices, making it difficult for them to feel 12 in everyday social situations. Often they find it 13 to make eye contact or deal with even the simplest face-to-face interactions without the aid of technology as an intermediary (媒介).
Over time these children forget how to relate with each other because they have become habituated to using technology to 14 direct contact with others and life itself. 15 , some neuroscientists believe that use of the internet actually rewires our brains.
1．A．innovative B．pleasant C．typical D．disturbing
2．A．isolated B．flooded C．informed D．promoted
3．A．affecting B．enhancing C．highlighting D．establishing
4．A．print B．screen C．news D．online
5．A．attention B．association C．demand D．distraction
6．A．belonging B．independence C．loneliness D．simplicity
7．A．unavailable B．approachable C．changeable D．prospective
8．A．inability B．potential C．anxiety D．ambition
9．A．communication B．attention C．health D．intelligence
10．A．agree with B．adapt to C．contributes to D．impacts on
11．A．rare B．common C．strange D．popular
12．A．fascinated B．comfortable C．restless D．annoyed
13．A．convenient B．adaptable C．challenging D．inspiring
14．A．maintain B．endure C．avoid D．pursue
15．A．On the contrary B．In fact C．In addition D．On the other hand
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
The Best Eco-friendly Products for July 2022
You can look out for Mother Earth with these simple lifestyle swaps.
Organibox mixed fruit and veg box:26.55, Organibox. org
This brand is fully organic. Inside the mixed box, you’ll get everything from pears to sweet potatoes. While the produce doesn’t look perfect, it’s really fresh. Although the fruit and veg comes from around the world, it’s never flown, which cuts its carbon footprint. All the packaging comes in cardboard and paper, which can be easily recycled.
Veja venturi gravel natural grey women’s trainers: 120, Veja-
Tread (踩) lightly on the planet in style with these Veja trainers. The Parisian brand is leading the way in terms of sustainable footwear and this pair boasts the label’s distinctive “V” branding and as lightly retro and timeless style. The mesh (网) is made from plastic bottles, and the lining entirely from recycled polyester.
Kind Bag palms : 10,
This reusable shopper is made from recycled plastic bottles. It is large enough to hold the shopping. And when it’s not in use, it neatly folds down to a small compact size. Best of all, Kind Bag gives one percent of sales to ocean clean-up and preservation initiatives.
Face Halo body: 12.60,
These reusable gloves will leave your skin smooth and shiny. One side is made of tiny microfibres that work to remove dead skin, while the other softer side is perfect for general cleaning. The Face Halobody arrives in recyclable plastic packaging, but the brand is working towards removing this in order to become plastic-free.
16．What do we know about Organibox
A．Its packaging is plastic-free.
B．Its produce is not very fresh.
C．It delivers its boxes by plane.
D．lt features a zero-carbon footprint.
17．Which brand makes charitable donations
A．Organibox. B．Veja. C．Kind Bag. D．Face Halo.
18．Who will probably be most interested in the text
A．Product developers. B．Advertisers.
C．Bargain hunters. D．Environmentalists.
Gardeners who use pesticides are contributing to the decline of British songbirds, a study suggests. Scientists have urged people to stop “spraying their gardens with poisons” in order to halt bird decline and adopt instead wildlife-friendly practices. The results of the University of Sussex study, which researchers call the first of its kind, were published in the journal Science of the Total Environment.
The experiment, which surveyed 615 gardens in Britain, found 25% fewer house sparrows when glyphosate(草甘膦) was used regularly. This is an ingredient found in commonly used herbicide(除草剂) brands such as Roundup or Gallup. Slug pellets(鼻涕虫杀虫剂) also seemed to have an impact on bird sightings; in gardens where Slug pellets were used, house sparrow numbers were down by almost 40%.
Prof. Dave Goulson, of the school of life sciences at the University of Sussex, said, “The UK has 22 million gardens, which collectively could be a fantastic refuge for wildlife, but not if they are overly tidy and sprayed with poisons. We just don’t need pesticides in our gardens. Many towns around the world are now pesticide free. We should simply ban the use of these poisons in urban areas, following the example of France.” The Royal Horticultural Society, the UK’s leading gardening charity, said the use of pesticides and herbicides should be avoided if possible and they should only be used, if ever, in small and targeted applications.
The research also found that those who adopted wildlife-friendly practices such as planting native shrubs and flowers, or digging a wildlife pond, saw more birds than those who did not. Cannelle Tassin de Montaigu, a PhD researcher within the school of life sciences and an author of the study, said, “It’s encouraging to find that simple measures, such as planting native shrubs and trees and creating a pond, together with avoiding the use of pesticides, really make a measurable difference to the number of birds you will see in your garden.”
19． What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Stop. B．Attract. C．Note. D．Witness.
20． Why are the statistics mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To reveal the severe influence of pesticides on birds.
B．To compare the effects of two kinds of pesticides.
C．To convince readers of the importance of house sparrows.
D．To help gardeners choose the proper pesticides.
21． What can be inferred from Prof. Dave Goulson’s words
A．The ideal places for wildlife in the UK are extremely tidy gardens.
B．The gardens in the UK are so tidy that pesticides are not needed.
C．Pesticides should be prohibited from use throughout the UK.
D．Some countries like France have made urban areas pesticide free.
22． What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Alternative methods to keep gardens tidy.
B．Assistant ways to increase the number of birds.
C．Gardeners’ attitudes towards the experiment.
D．Other researchers’ interest in the experiment.
D
Disorders of the brain are a growing worry.Twelve mental-health conditions affect about 970 million people around the world according to the Global Burden of Disease Project：more than one in ten of the population.This figure could well be an underestimate.Neurological (神经学的) problems such as stroke，migraine (偏头痛)，Parkinson’s and brain injury are collectively the leading global source of disability.Ageing populations with unhealthy ways of life are likely to make this problem much worse everywhere.
In an ideal world，science would be coming to the rescue.But the brain is a complex organ sometimes described as the most complex structure in the known universe.A private company spent an estimated $43 billion on research into therapies for Alzheimer’s disease between 1998 and 2017 and came up empty-handed.That big failure is perhaps the biggest reason why，in the 2010s，many drug firms abandoned or cut back on neuroscience research.
Happily，there are signs of a change.In our Technology Quarterly this week we report on a renaissance in neuroscience，with many drug companies，some of them big ones，showing renewed interest in the field.This fresh energy is coming from a variety of techniques and ideas.More precise diagnosis and well-confirmed biomarkers which reveal the course of disease，are improving clinical trials.New kinds of treatment such as gene therapy，are expanding the range of diseases that can be tackled.Other advances are an increasing amount of data，which is proving critical to understanding the biological roots of neurological problems.
As hopes rise for tackling this final frontier of bio-medicine，it is worth remembering that the secrets to a healthy brain are not only going to come from a pill or psychotherapist’s treatments.The health of the brain is influenced by what goes on outside it such as nutrition，exercise，the abuse of alcohol，education，social connections and pollution.None of this should be surprising：The health of the brain is tied to the health and the well-being of the body that it sits in.Efforts to ensure better brain health are an investment that will keep bringing advantages to individuals，and to societies，for decades to come.
23．What does the author suggest in both the first and last paragraphs to prevent brain diseases
A．Less worry. B．More financial aid.
C．Magic medicine. D．Healthy lifestyles.
24．What contribute to the renewed interest in neuroscience research
A．Profits and fame.
B．Advances in technology.
C．Larger range of diseases.
D．More clinical trials.
25．What is most likely to be the author’s job
A．A journal editor. B．A librarian.
C．A medical student. D．A clinical doctor.
26．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Complex brain health.
B．A brand-new research topic.
C．Renewed neuroscience research.
D．Defeating brain disorders.
C
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words？Yes，say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words，unless eventually very well trained，a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words，” said researcher Claudia Fugazza.For the study，the team involved two gifted dogs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion based task，presented with seven known toys and one new toy，the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name.Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word，they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However，this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy.In fact，when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition，the social one，where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog，proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy，even after hearing it only 4 times.“The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months，” Fugazza says.“But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs.”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way,20 other dogs were tested in the same condition，but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names，confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is only present in a few gifted dogs.
27．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new word learning.
28．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition
A．Slow to understand. B．Quick to learn.
C．At a loss. D．In a panic.
29．What was found about dogs’ new word learning in the social condition
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly
B．Dogs Identify Newly named Toys by Exclusion
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary Through Tons of Training
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
[山西太原2022高二期末]Are plants intelligent Science is beginning to think so.In 2013, The New Yorker published an article that set the world of plant science on fire, forever changing the way both the public and researchers looked at and studied the plant kingdom.The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of. 31 But fast forward to now, there are dozens of research papers and hours of videos prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts of plant intelligence. 32
Communication: A lot of evidence suggests that plants, trees in particular, can communicate with one another. 33 It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
Learning： 34 What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments, whose goal was to prove whether plants could learn, an idea that seemed impossible.Ultimately, they succeeded in not only their experiments, but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
Memory: As research and experiment continue into the plant memory, people can't help but ask the question: “How can something without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants can, indeed, learn and create memories. 35
Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As more research comes in, the more it seems to indicate plant intelligence as a very real possibility.
A．Can plants be taught
B．Can they remember things in general
C．This communication occurs through underground networks.
D．It makes no sense to research plants' communication methods.
E．They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F．The following behavioural characteristics are from the experiments.
G．Therefore, the plant biology community claimed it was completely baseless.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
36．选词填空
vivid; vividly
【小题14】I can remember the day we met.
【小题15】My daughter is a child with imagination.
37．选词填空
astronomer; astronomy
He has been interested in 12 since he was a child and his dream is to become a 13 .
38．选词填空
steady; steadily
【小题10】We are making slow but progress.
【小题11】The company is increasing its market share.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
39．Initially，I and eventually managed to complete the seemingly impossible task.
40．The friendship between the two countries can last century.
41．Above all，artificial intelligence our lives in many ways.
42．I am greatly honored to be the meeting on how to defend ourselves when in danger.
43．My father playing computer games，even on weekends，which makes me frustrated.
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
suspect;blame;subscribe;decrease;link; handle;pour;transform;outstanding;defend
44．I to a morning paper.
45．We all the truth of the report.
46．My brother broke the window, but I got the ．
47．Do you know how to the machine
48．Is there a between lung disease and smoking
49．The unemployment rate of the country last year.
50．A new colour scheme will your bedroom.
51．Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.
52．The accused man had a lawyer to him.
53．Her late husband was an scientist.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
54．I hadn’t realised she wasn’t English she spoke. (用适当的词填空)
55．Early (astronomer) thought that our planet was the centre of the universe. （所给词的适当形式填空）
56．That is I was born and grew up. （用适当的词填空）
57．The reason why he was late for school was his bike broke down on the way. （用适当的词填空）
58．He didn’t come today，__________ (make) it necessary for us to find someone else to do his work.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
59．假如你是李华，你校将举办一场英语演讲比赛，请你以The Scientist I Admire Most为主题写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：
1、对这位科学家的简介；
2、尊敬和爱戴他/她的原因；
3、从他/她身上得到的启示。
注意：
写作词数为 80词左右。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．D
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．D
6．C
7．A
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．C
15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了科技的普遍使用导致了持续不断的信息流打断了我们生活的“流动”。科技使人们产生了依赖感，分散了人们的注意力，使人们面对面的交往越来越来少。
【详解】
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种令人不安的模式最初被营销为我们手机的“呼叫等待”。A. innovative革新的；B. pleasant愉快的；C. typical典型的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据上文“interrupting the “flow” of our life(打断我们生活的“流动”。)”可知，这种模式是“令人担忧的”。故选D项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们被电子邮件、短信或Facebook页面上的新闻淹没了。A. isolated隔离；B. flooded淹没；C. informed通知；D. promoted提升。根据上文“The universal use of technology has resulted in a constant current of information interrupting the “flow” of our life. (技术的普遍使用导致了不断的信息流中断了我们生活的“流动”。)”和下文“emails, texts, or the news on our Facebook pages(电子邮件、短信或Facebook页面上的新闻)”可知，生活中信息不断，即我们被电子邮件、短信或Facebook页面上的新闻淹没了。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种大规模的分心是如何影响我们的呢？A. affecting影响；B. enhancing提高；C. highlighting强调；D. establishing建立。根据上文“The universal use of technology has resulted in a constant current of information interrupting the “flow” of our life.(科技的普遍使用导致了源源不断的信息打断了我们生活的“流动”。)”可知，信息影响着我们的生活，所以此处是指如何“影响”我们的生活。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，一项针对210名大学生的研究发现，接触屏幕媒体与注意力问题有关。A. print打印；B. screen屏幕；C. news新闻；D. online在线。根据上文“children from eight to eighteen spend an average of seven hours and thirty-eight minutes a day using entertainment media.(8到18岁的孩子平均每天花在娱乐媒体上的时间为7小时38分钟。)”可知，此处是指接触“屏幕”媒体。故选B项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：注意力只是大局的一部分。A. attention注意力；B. association协会；C. demand要求；D. distraction干扰。分析句意再根据上文的this mass distraction可知，此处是指“注意力”只是大局的一部分。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然孤独感有时是很自然的，但当我们无法意外地接触到技术时，我们对技术带来的不间断互动的沉迷加深了这种感觉。A. belonging所属物；B. independence独立；C. loneliness孤独；D. simplicity简朴。根据下文“Just think how you feel when you lack cell phone or web access.(想想看，当你没有手机或网络时，你会有什么感觉。)”可知，没有手机或网络可能会有孤独感，所以此处指“孤独”的感受，符合语境。故选C项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然孤独感有时是很自然的，但当我们无法意外地接触到技术时，我们对技术带来的不间断互动的沉迷加深了这种感觉。A. unavailable不可获得的；B. approachable可接近的；C. changeable可改变的；D. prospective有希望的。分析句意再根据下文的lack可知，此处是指“无法获得”技术。故选A项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有没有可能是我们对不断查看电子邮件和短信的痴迷导致了我们无法真正与他人建立联系？A. inability无能；B. potential潜力；C. anxiety焦虑；D. ambition雄心。根据上文“our obsession with continually checking our emails and text messages(我们对不断查看电子邮件和短信的痴迷)”可知，这些痴迷会导致“无法”与他人建立联系。故选A项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了技术对我们的注意力和没有技术的能力的影响之外，让我们来看看与设备的互动是如何影响我们基本沟通和社交技能的发展的。A. communication交流；B. attention注意力；C. health健康；D. intelligence智力。根据上文第5题的分析可知，文章谈论的是注意力的问题，所以此处指的是“注意力”。故选B项。
10．考查短语辨析。句意：同上。A. agree with赞同；B. adapt to适应；C. contributes to有助于；D. impacts on对……有影响。分析句意再根据上文how可知，此处是指设备互动是如何“影响”我们的。故选D项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多研究人员发现，人与人之间的日常对话越来越少了。A. rare稀少的；B. common常见的；C. strange奇怪的；D. popular流行的。根据上文第8题的分析可知，人们沉迷于各种媒体会影响与他人建立联系，所以此处是指人际交流变得越来越“稀少”。故选A项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多孩子在成长过程中对电子设备有一种内在的依赖，这使得他们在日常社交场合很难感到舒适。A. fascinated入迷的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. restless坐立不安的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据上文“Many of today’s children are growing up with a built-in dependence on devices,(今天的许多孩子在成长过程中对电子设备有一种内在的依赖，)”可知，有了内在依赖后会在社交场合很难感到舒适。故选B项。
13．考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：他们经常发现，如果没有技术作为媒介的帮助，他们很难进行眼神交流，甚至连最简单的面对面互动都很难处理。A. convenient方便的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. challenging富于挑战性的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据下文“without the aid of technology as an intermediary(没有技术作为中介的帮助)”可知，没有技术作为媒介的帮助，所以他们认为这是具有“挑战性的”。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这些孩子忘记了如何与他人相处，因为他们已经习惯了使用技术来避免与他人和生活本身直接接触。A. maintain维持；B. endure忍受；C. avoid避免；D. pursue追求。根据上文“become habituated to using technology(习惯使用技术)”和下文的direct contact可知，他们已经习惯于实用新技术，也就“避免”了与他人和生活的直接接触。故选C项。
15．考查短语辨析。句意：事实上，一些神经科学家认为，使用互联网实际上会重塑我们的大脑。A. On the contrary相反地；B. In fact事实上；C. In addition此外；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据下文“some neuroscientists believe that use of the internet actually rewires our brains.(一些神经科学家认为，使用互联网实际上会重塑我们的大脑。)”可知，一些神经科学家认为，使用互联网实际上会重塑我们的大脑，这是一种事实，所以此处是指“事实上”。故选B项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】应用文、推理判断、环境保护、科普知识、细节理解
【答案】
16．A
17．C
18．D
【详解】
〖导语〗本篇为应用文。介绍四个环保产品。
16．细节理解题。第一个产品为有机果蔬，且从介绍中的最后一句话“All the packaging comes in cardboard and paper, which can be easily recycled.”（所有包装材料是由硬纸板和纸制作……）”可知，Organibox的包装是无塑料的。故选A项；
17．细节理解题。从第三个产品介绍的最后一句“Kind Bag gives one percent of sales to ocean clean-up and preservation initiatives.”（Kind Bag 品牌将销售额百分之一捐赠给海洋清理和保护计划）可知，该机构会进行慈善捐款。故选C；
18．推理判断题。从本文标题中“The Best Eco-friendly Products for July 2022”（2022年7月最佳环保产品）以及具体产品介绍，可知四个产品均为环保产品，最感兴趣的应为环境保护主义者，故选D。
【知识点】情节发展、段落大意、科普知识、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】
19． A
20． A
21． D
22． B
【详解】
19． 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Gardeners who use pesticides are contributing to the decline of British songbirds, a study suggests. Scientists have urged people to stop ‘spraying their gardens with poisons’(一项研究表明，使用杀虫剂的园丁正在导致英国鸣禽数量的减少。科学家敦促人们停止“向花园喷洒毒药”)”可知，杀虫剂的使用造成了鸣禽减少，科学家呼吁人们停止使用这些杀虫剂。由此推知，科学家呼吁的目的在于遏制这一趋势，阻止鸣禽数量减少，halt与stop意思相近，意为“阻止，制止”。故选A项。
20． 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The experiment, which surveyed 615 gardens in Britain, found 25% fewer house sparrows when glyphosate(草甘膦) was used regularly. This is an ingredient found in commonly used herbicide(除草剂) brands such as Roundup or Gallup. Slug pellets(鼻涕虫杀虫剂) also seemed to have an impact on bird sightings; in gardens where Slug pellets were used, house sparrow numbers were down by almost 40%.(这项调查了英国615个花园的实验发现，定期使用草甘膦可以减少25%的家麻雀。这是一种在常用除草剂（如Roundup或Gallup）品牌中发现的成分。鼻涕虫杀虫剂似乎也对鸟类景观有影响；在使用鼻涕虫杀虫剂的花园中，麻雀的数量下降了近40%。)”可知，本段通过列数据说明了两种杀虫剂成分导致英国花园中的鸣禽数量大幅减少。由此推知，列出数据是为了证明第一段中研究者所做出的发现，即杀虫剂严重影响了英国的鸣禽。故选A项。
21． 推理判断题。根据第三段中Dave Goulson教授所说的话“We just don’t need pesticides in our gardens. Many towns around the world are now pesticide free. We should simply ban the use of these poisons in urban areas, following the example of France.(我们的花园不需要杀虫剂。世界上许多城镇现在都没有杀虫剂了。我们应该效仿法国，干脆禁止在城市地区使用这些毒药。)”可推知，像法国这样的一些国家已经禁止城市地区使用杀虫剂。故选D项。
22． 主旨大意题。通读最后一段内容，并结合其中的最后一句“It’s encouraging to find that simple measures, such as planting native shrubs and trees and creating a pond, together with avoiding the use of pesticides, really make a measurable difference to the number of birds you will see in your garden.(令人鼓舞的是，发现了一些简单的措施，比如种植本地灌木和树木，建造一个池塘，同时避免使用杀虫剂，真的会对你在花园里看到的鸟类数量产生可测量的影响。)”可知，本段主要介绍了增加鸟类数量的辅助方法。故选B项。
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，使用杀虫剂造成英国鸣禽数量减少。为遏制这一趋势，科学家们向英国的园丁们介绍了一些合适的环保做法。
【知识点】主旨大意、卫生与健康、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】23．D
24．B
25．A
26．C
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了随着科学技术的发展以及新的治疗手段的出现，人们重燃对神经科学领域研究的兴趣。
【解析】23．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ageing populations with unhealthy ways of life are likely to make this problem much worse everywhere.”以及最后一段“The health of the brain is influenced by what goes on outside it such as nutrition，exercise，the abuse of alcohol，education，social connections and pollution.”可知，健康的生活方式可以预防脑部疾病。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是“This fresh energy is coming from a variety of techniques and ideas.”可知，科技的进步促使人们对神经科学研究重新产生兴趣。
25．作者身份题。根据第三段中的“In our Technology Quarterly this week we report on a renaissance in neuroscience”可推断出，作者的职业很可能是某期刊的编辑。
26．文章大意题。文章主要介绍了随着科学技术的发展以及新的治疗手段的出现，人们重燃对神经科学领域研究的兴趣这一现象。
【知识点】主旨大意、动物植物、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】27．D
28．C
29．B
30．A
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。
【解析】27．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words.”可知，研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In fact，when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，the dogs got totally confused and failed.”可知，第一种环境下的狗非常的困惑。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The other condition，the social one...even after hearing it only 4 times.”可推知，社会性的条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。
30．标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及文章中的案例可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】
31．G
32．F
33．C
34．A
35．E
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植物是有智慧的并从三个方面介绍了体现植物智慧的特征。
31．根据空前The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.可知，智慧植物以前是闻所未闻的。G项(因此，植物生物学界声称这是完全没有根据的)承接上一句并和上一句构成因果关系，故选G项。
32．后面几段列举了智慧植物的具体特征，F项(实验得出以下行为特征)能引出下文。故选F项。
33．空前一句A lot of evidence suggests that plants, trees in particular, can communicate with one another.说明，有很多证据表明植物可以相互交流，C项(这种交流通过地下网络进行)承接上文，进一步说明植物之间是如何交流的，其中的communication呼应本段主题。故选C项。
34．根据本段的中心词Learning(学习)以及空后的What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs？可知，A项(植物可以被教吗)符合本段中心，话题一致。故选A项。
35．本段主要讲的是智慧植物的记忆力(memory)这一特征，E项(它们可以通过习得的反应来显示它们的记忆)与本段主题一致；其中memory为原词重现，They指代上一句中的plants。故选E项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
36．【答案】
【小题14】vividly
【小题15】vivid
【详解】
【小题14】考查副词。句意：我清楚地记得我们相遇的那一天。设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词remember，vividly“清晰地”是副词，符合句意。故填vividly。
【小题15】考查形容词。句意：我的女儿是一个想象力丰富的孩子。设空处在句中修饰名词imagination，vivid“（人的想象力）丰富的”是形容词，符合句意。故填vivid。
【知识点】不可数名词、名词作宾语、名词作表语
37．【答案】
【小题12】astronomy
【小题13】astronomer
【详解】
【小题12】考查名词。句意：他从小就对天文学感兴趣，他的梦想是成为一名天文学家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“天文学”应为astronomy，且为不可数名词。故选astronomy。
【小题13】考查名词。句意：他从小就对天文学感兴趣，他的梦想是成为一名天文学家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“天文学家”应为astronomer，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数。故选astronomer。
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
38．【答案】
【小题10】steady
【小题11】steadily
【详解】
【小题10】考查形容词。句意：我们正在取得缓慢但稳定的进展。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词progress，steady为形容词，意为“稳定的”符合句意和词法功能。故选steady。
【小题11】考查副词。句意：公司市场份额稳步增长。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词increasing，steadily为副词，意为“稳定地”符合句意和词法功能。故选steadily。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、含情态动词的被动语态
【答案】39．took on the challenge
40．be traced back to
41．has an impact on
42．in charge of
43．discourages me from
【知识点】动词短语、名词作宾语、形容词作定语
【答案】
44．subscribed
45．suspect
46．blame
47．handle
48．link
49．decreased
50．transform
51．poured
52．defend
53．outstanding
【详解】
44．考查动词短语。句意：我订了一份晨报。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。subscribe to是固定短语，意为“订阅；同意”。根据句意，空格处指“订阅”，故选subscribe。根据句意可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填subscribed。
45．考查动词。句意：我们都怀疑报告的真实性。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“怀疑”，故选suspect。根据句意可知，此处可用一般现在时态。故填suspect。
46．考查名词。句意：我哥哥打碎了窗户，但我受到了谴责。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，空格处指“谴责；责备”，故选blame。故填blame。
47．考查动词。句意：你知道如何操作这台机器吗？根据空前的 how to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“操作”，故选handle。故填handle。
48．考查名词。句意：肺病和吸烟之间有联系吗？根据空前的a可知，空格处应填入名词。根据句意，空格处指“联系”，故选link。故填link。
49．考查动词的时态。句意：去年该国的失业率有所下降。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“下降”，故选decrease。根据句中时间状语last year可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填decreased。
50．考查动词。句意：一种新的配色方案将改变你的卧室。根据空前的will可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“改变”，故选transform。故填transform。
51．考查动词的时态。句意：安迪把杯子倒满，递给鲍比。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“倒”，故选pour。根据lifted it to Bobby可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填poured。
52．考查动词。句意：被告请了一名律师为他辩护。根据空前的had a lawyer to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“为……辩护”，故选defend。故填defend。
53．考查形容词。句意：她已故的丈夫是一位杰出的科学家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，空格处指“杰出的”，故选outstanding。故填outstanding。
五、单句
【知识点】时间状语从句
54．【答案】until
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意为：直到她开口说话我才意识到她不是英格兰人。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用连词引导状语从句，结合句意，此句需要使用时间状语从句连词until与句中had not构成not until结构，意为“直到……才”。故填until。
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、名词作主语
55．【答案】astronomers
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：早期的天文学家认为我们的星球是宇宙的中心。分析句子可知，空处应用所给名词的复数形式，表示泛指，做主语。故填astronomers。
【知识点】表语从句
56．【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那是我出生和长大的地方。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。
【知识点】表语从句
57．【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他上学迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上坏了。“The reason why...is/was that...”是一个固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，“why he was late for school”是定语从句，修饰先行词“The reason”，“that his bike broke down on the way”是表语从句，说明原因的具体内容。在这个句子中，表语从句“his bike broke down on the way”结构和意义都完整，所以用“that”引导，“that”在表语从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。故填that。
【知识点】现在分词作状语
58．【答案】making　
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般过去时、演讲稿、著名人物
59．【答案】Distinguished teachers and fellow students,
It’s a great honor to stand here to deliver my speech. My topic is The Scientist I Admire Most. For me, the scientist must be Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice.
Born in a poor family in 1930, Yuan had a strong will to tackle the hunger crisis when he was young. Thanks to his research in hybrid rice, the rice production was greatly improved, ridding the world of hunger. His extraordinary contributions and valuable qualities have left a profound impression on me.
It is he that makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties. In my eyes, he was not only a scientist, but also a pioneer for all people.
That’s all. Thanks for your listening.
【详解】1、词汇积累
处理：tackle→deal with
由于：thanks to→due to
意识到：realize→be aware of
克服：overcome→get over
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For me, the scientist must be Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice.
拓展句：For me, the scientist must be Yuan Longping, who is the Father of Hybrid Rice.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Thanks to his research in hybrid rice, the rice production was greatly improved, ridding the world of hunger.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]
It is he that makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties.（运用了强调句，that引导宾语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页

展开更多......

收起↑