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2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元能力提高综合练习1【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 1 regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving 2 .
The greatest 3 of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly 4 small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to 5 repeated behaviors into automatic habits. 6 , when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence 7 . The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.
Mindless activity is the 8 of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes 9 . Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. 10 , we are merely reinforcing (加强) our current habits — not improving them.
Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world
The first effective feedback system is 11 . This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of push-ups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It only through measurement that we have any 12 of whether we are getting better or worse.
The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for 13 deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you 14 for your best effort each day.
Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and 15 , then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.
1．A．Since B．Whether C．While D．As
2．A．awareness B．performance C．enjoyment D．intelligence
3．A．equivalent B．ambition C．challenge D．appeal
4．A．overlook B．insert C．detect D．implement
5．A．transport B．transfer C．transplant D．transform
6．A．For example B．On the contrary C．As a result D．On the other hand
7．A．carelessly B．accurately C．instantly D．automatically
8．A．outcome B．enemy C．source D．evidence
9．A．distracted B．imposed C．assumed D．noted
10．A．In reality B．On average C．By contrast D．In return
11．A．encouragement B．compliment C．measurement D．management
12．A．motivation B．proof C．trouble D．concern
13．A．resisting B．eliminating C．defining D．sustaining
14．A．responsible B．grateful C．qualified D．known
15．A．existence B．commitment C．dignity D．perspective
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
C
(2023·浙江杭州地区重点中学高二上期中)
It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny？”．So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh.But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system.The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android “Erica” in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情)，” explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue，an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics.“One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model，a human initially laughs and the Al system responds with laughter as an empathetic response.This approach required designing three subsystems—one to detect laughter，a second to decide whether to laugh，and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter.The type of laughter is also important，because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system.Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions—shared-laughter system，no laughter，all laughter—and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness，naturalness and understanding.The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character，and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors，such as laughing，eye gaze，gestures and speaking style，” Inoue added.“We do not think this is an easy problem at all，and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
16．What’s the purpose of raising the question “What’s so funny？” at the beginning
A．To show opinions on funny things.
B．To encourage readers to share their ideas.
C．To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh.
D．To emphasize the importance of being funny.
17．Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “the funny bone” in paragraph 1
A．The sense of humor.
B．The shared-laughter system.
C．The speaking style.
D．The distinct character.
18．What is NOT needed in the research of the shared-laughter system
A．Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh.
B．Assessing the interactions based on emotions.
C．Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica.
D．Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues.
19．What is Inoue’s attitude towards conversational AI
A．Indifferent. B．Suspicious.
C．Optimistic. D．Objective.
C
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words？Yes，say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words，unless eventually very well trained，a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words，” said researcher Claudia Fugazza.For the study，the team involved two gifted dogs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion based task，presented with seven known toys and one new toy，the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name.Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word，they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However，this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy.In fact，when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition，the social one，where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog，proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy，even after hearing it only 4 times.“The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months，” Fugazza says.“But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs.”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way,20 other dogs were tested in the same condition，but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names，confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is only present in a few gifted dogs.
20．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new word learning.
21．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition
A．Slow to understand. B．Quick to learn.
C．At a loss. D．In a panic.
22．What was found about dogs’ new word learning in the social condition
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
23．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly
B．Dogs Identify Newly named Toys by Exclusion
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary Through Tons of Training
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans
Recently，researchers have revealed details on several tiniest robots they have created.Small enough to sit on the side of a penny，the robots can be controlled by a laser(激光)．The tiniest is shaped like a crab(螃蟹) and is just half a millimeter wide.The robots don’t have any power of their own.Instead，they can be controlled from a distance by using lasers.The researchers say the robot is designed a bit like a 3-D pop-up book.The basic shape for the crab is flat.The flat shape is then attached to a rubbery material that’s stretched out.When the rubbery material is allowed to relax，the robot pops up into a standing crab.
This mixture of layers is the secret to the crab’s movement.The different layers give the material two positions in which it can be.When the hard glass layer is softened，the rubbery layer bends the material.But when the hard layer hardens again，it turns back to its old position.The scientists call this “shape-memory”．The trick of getting the hard glass layer to soften is to warm it up with a laser.Because the robots are so tiny，their parts heat up and cool down very quickly.By warming up different parts of the robots，scientists can make them move in different ways.The researchers say their robots can climb，walk，turn，and even jump.
The robots aren’t super speedy.But given their tiny size，they’re also not too slow.It takes the crabs about 20 seconds to cover 1 centimeter.
Right now the robots aren’t all that useful.All they can do is move，and they need to be in a place where lasers can shine on them to do that.But scientists say that one day tiny robots like these might be able to work in very small spaces.It’s possible that they could build very tiny machines，or perhaps even travel inside the human body to help deal with medical problems.
24．What do we know about the tiniest robots
A．They are produced by 3-D printing.
B．They have the size of a penny.
C．They can be remotely controlled.
D．They need no energy to move.
25．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2
A．Provide information about rubbery materials.
B．Analyze the working process of laser.
C．Introduce the concept of shape-memory.
D．Explain the way to make the robot move.
26．What should be improved about the tiniest robots
A．Their use.
B．Their apps.
C．Their power storage.
D．Their moving directions.
27．What is the best title for the passage
A．Robots Without Energy Consumption
B．World’s Tiniest Remote-control Robots
C．Flexible Tiniest Robots in Our Body
D．Crab-like Robots for the Future
People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioral information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
To test this idea, researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or steal from a mock(模仿的)crime. Students were instructed to lie if they committed the fake theft.
Next, the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive(欺骗的) interviews from these recordings, ranking interviewees’ eye contact and detail level. The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted (转移) their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements randomly chosen from the interviews. Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify liars. The remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in answers on a scale of 1 to 10, with l a 6 or above counting as truthful. Those using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59% of the time, while those relying solely on detail achieved 66%.
“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra further investigations or follow-up questions, he says.
28．Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to confirm that .
A．behavioral information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B．it’s relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of statements
C．truthtellers and liars shared something in common when performing the task
D．people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
29．What can we learn from paragraph 3 and 4
A．Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive ones.
B．Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth—tellers.
C．It’s difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like eye contact.
D．Participants who relied on one cue pan distinguish lies from the truth faultlessly.
30．What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research
A．It had no potential market. B．It made no sense.
C．It could be perfectly applied. D．It had some limitations.
31．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B．To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.
C．To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
D．To warn readers of psychological harm of telling a lie.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Have you had a meltdown lately An emotional meltdown isn’t exactly a medical disease. 32 It’s a popular term used to describe a situation where we are overcome emotionally of hit a breaking point.
How do you feel after you’ve had a meltdown Do you feel embarrassed about your behavior 33 An occasional meltdown doesn’t mean something is “wrong” with you. It may just be an indicator of a challenging time for you.
While most people would rather forget a meltdown as quickly as possible, it can be a learning experience.
If you feel embarrassed about revealing your emotions in public, you might examine how you feel about your feelings. Why isn’t it okay for you to be angry, or to be sad, or to need something from someone else 34 So, be kind to yourself.
If your meltdown involved raising your voice at other people or behavior like throwing an object in the presence of others, apologize and come up with a plan to manage your emotions differently the next time you’re upset or stressed. If you find this type of behavior is common for you and you’re having difficulty managing it on your own, consider reaching to a psychologist. 35 It damages another person’s attitude and eats into their health.
36 Your experience serves a basis for reflection. Be kind to yourself and find some helpful ways to deal with meltdowns:
A．It can happen to anyone.
B．Are you a happy person
C．Learn from every meltdown.
D．There are some negative effects about meltdown,
E．Shaming yourself about your emotion is not helpful.
F．Are you anxious about possible consequences for your outburst
G．Having an emotional meltdown is never an excuse for abusive behavior.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
37．选词填空
initial; initially
【小题16】As far as I am concerned, the plan was better.
【小题17】She came to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．decline B．encounter C．approach D．entitled E. infected F. desperate G. bargain H. harvest I. function
38．What is funny in China is that you have to to buy almost anything.
39．In poverty-stricken areas, the children are in need of love and attention.
40．In most scenic spots in China, children, students and the elderly are to cheap tickets.
41．Additionally, chimps were endangered because many of them were with HIV or other viruses for the sake of medical science.
42．The popularity of the hats has been on the , but we can still see them on various royal occasions including weddings and christenings.
43．The rise in the term “man-spreading” is associated with emergence of mobile communication technology, which allows commuters(上下班的人)to comment on events they on their journey.
44．Dr. Teach-man recommends a three-step to handling the post-pandemic stress: acknowledge, find alternatives and then make a plan.
45．We can draw a conclusion that the alarm system didn’t when the painting were stolen.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
46．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
47．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
48．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
49．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
50．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
51．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
52．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
53． he will come back home is still a question.
54．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
选词填空
take the blame for；thanks to；once and for all；on the decrease；subscribe to；link up
55． the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever.
56．The demand for tea is each year.
57．The two families through the marriage of their daughter and son.
58．It is not a theory that is commonly .
59．Let's get this problem right .
60．The company was ready to what had happened.
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
suspect;blame;subscribe;decrease;link; handle;pour;transform;outstanding;defend
61．I to a morning paper.
62．We all the truth of the report.
63．My brother broke the window, but I got the ．
64．Do you know how to the machine
65．Is there a between lung disease and smoking
66．The unemployment rate of the country last year.
67．A new colour scheme will your bedroom.
68．Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.
69．The accused man had a lawyer to him.
70．Her late husband was an scientist.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
71．It is said that the special class consists of some ______ (gift) children.
72．—What do you think made the girl so glad all the day
— (cast) in the film as the lead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
73．He was of great (assist) to me in research for my books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74．Thanks the teacher’s help，I have made great progress in English.
75．Do you remember the parking lot near the cinema That is I met her.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
76．由于近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动。假定你是李华，受学生会委托，为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
内容包括：1、倡议的原因和目的；
2、倡议的具体内容；
3、发出倡议。
注意： 1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、科普知识、说明文、连词辨析
【答案】
1．C
2．B
3．C
4．A
5．D
6．A
7．D
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了刻意练习，它是一种有目的和系统的特殊的练习，可以避免无意识活动的无效，通过努力和专注，借助量化和教练达到最优化；
16．考查连词词义辨析。句意：常规练习可能包括无意识的重复，刻意练习需要集中注意力，并以提高成绩为具体目标。A. Since自从，因为；B. Whether是否；C. While当……时候，然而；D. As当……时候，因为。设空句是把常规练习与刻意练习作对比，while表示对比两种事物。故选C；
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：常规练习可能包括无意识的重复，刻意练习需要集中注意力，并以提高成绩为具体目标。A. awareness意识；B. performance成绩；C. enjoyment乐趣，乐事；D. intelligence智力，才智。设空词前的动名词为improving“提高，改进”，句子的主语是刻意练习，文章讨论的是刻意练习要达成的目的是提高练习成果，所以提高的应该是成绩。故选B；
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：刻意练习的最大挑战是要保持专注。A. equivalent等量；B. ambition志向; 抱负；C. challenge挑战；D. appeal吸引力。设空词是句子的主语，表语是：to remain focused，主表要逻辑上搭配，保持专注是最难做到的，所以是最大的挑战。故选C；
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但过了一段时间，我们开始漫不经心地忽略一些小错误。A. overlook忽略，视而不见；B. insert插入；C. detect探测，侦查；D. implement执行，实施。设空句上一句用到了show up，接着设空句用转折连词引导，表明其意思与前句相反，所以要用show up的反义词：overlook。故选A；
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为人脑的自然倾向是把重复行为转变成自动习惯。A. transport运输，交通；B. transfer转移；C. transplant移植；D. transform变换，转换。设空词后的介词为into，transform into“转换为”。故选D；
21．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，你刚开始学习系鞋子时，你就要仔细想这个过程的每一步。A. For example例如；B. On the contrary 相反；C. As a result结果；D. On the other hand另一方面。作者提出了一个观点，然后用具体的例子来印证这一现象的存在，以此证明自己的观点，所以是举例。故选A；
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，经过多次重复，你的大脑可以自动执行这个过程。A. carelessly粗心地，漫不经心地；B. accurately准确地；C. instantly立即；D. automatically自动地。作者用系鞋子的例子来说明从刻意到自动的过程，所以修饰perform用副词automatically。故选D；
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无意识的活动是刻意练习的敌人。A. outcome结果；B. enemy敌人；C. source源头；D. evidence证据。作者的观点在上文中已经表述，人脑天生会将重复的动作行为转换为自动习惯，而现在要避免自动，进行刻意练习，所以二者是敌对的。故选B；
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次又一次练习同一件事的危险是使进步成为了假设。A. distracted分散；B. imposed施加；C. assumed假设；D. noted注意。作者认为人脑天性阻碍了通过练习来提高或改善某一件事，下文中提到了“we are merely reinforcing (加强) our current habits — not improving them.(我们只是在强化我们当前的习惯，而不是改善它们)”，所以作者认为重复练习来提高是不存在的，只是假设。故选C；
25．考查介词短语辨析。句意：实际上我们只是在加强目前的习惯，而不是改善他们。A. In reality 实际上；B. On average平均；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In return作为报答。作者上文分析了重复练习的设定目标和实际达成结果的不一致，设空句上一句用了think以为，这句就是实际的事实，in reality“实际上”。故选A；
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个有效的反馈系统是测量。A. encouragement鼓励；B. compliment恭维；C. measurement测量；D. management管理。在设空句的后面，作者用了一个强调句“ It only through measurement that we have any of whether we are getting better or worse. ”强调了只有通过测量，才能证明是越来越好，还是越来越差。故选C；
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也只有通过测量，才能证明是越来越好，还是越来越糟。A. motivation动机；B. proof证明；C. trouble麻烦；D. concern关注。作者为解决无意识的重复练习开出了处方，就是量化结果，所以是要证明出结果是变得更好，还是更坏。故选B；
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：跨学科的一个一致发现是，教练对于维持刻意练习往往至关重要。A. resisting抵抗；B. eliminating消除；C. defining定义；D. sustaining维持。设空词后的宾语是：deliberate practice，作者在讨论怎么使刻意练习达成，所以是维持进行刻意练习。故选D；
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：优秀的教练可以跟踪你的进步，找到小的改进方法，并让你每天尽你最大的努力。A. responsible负责；B. grateful感谢的；C. qualified有资格的；D. known已知的。设空词后的介词是for，固定搭配be responsible for“对……负责”。故选A；
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它需要持续的努力和专注，但如果你能设法保持你的专注和承诺，那么刻意练习的承诺是相当诱人的：从你已经得到的东西中得到最大的收获。A. existence存在；B. commitment承诺；C. dignity尊严；D. perspective态度。设空句后的内容是对设空词的解释说明，作者在向我们展示刻意练习诱人的预期，所以设空句是说只有在这种预期的激励下，才能使这种并不舒适的刻意练习继续，promise的同义词是commitment。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】目的意图、短语猜测、科普知识、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】16．C
17．A
18．B
19．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计的一种共享笑声的人工智能系统。
【解析】16．推理判断题。根据第一段中前两句可推断，在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度。故选C。
17．词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二、三句可知，画线词所在句意为“日本科学家描述了他们的创新方法，为日本机器人‘艾丽卡’制造幽默感”。故选A。
18．细节理解题。第三段中，通过需要设计的三个子系统可知，A项正确。第四段中，研究小组用艾丽卡新的共享笑声系统，在一个人和她之间创造不同的短对话，然后，他们让130多人听每段对话，可知C、D两项正确。故可用排除法得知选B。
19．观点态度题。根据最后一段Inoue说的话可推知，Inoue对聊天机器人持客观的态度。
【知识点】主旨大意、动物植物、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】20．D
21．C
22．B
23．A
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。
【解析】20．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words.”可知，研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In fact，when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，the dogs got totally confused and failed.”可知，第一种环境下的狗非常的困惑。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The other condition，the social one...even after hearing it only 4 times.”可推知，社会性的条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。
23．标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及文章中的案例可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】24．C
25．D
26．A
27．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。最近，研究人员透露了他们创造的几个最微小机器人的细节。本文主要介绍了最微小机器人的内部构造、工作原理和发展前景等。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tiniest is shaped like a crab(螃蟹)．..they can be controlled from a distance by using lasers.”可知，可以远程控制最微小的机器人。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及倒数第二句可知，作者在本段主要解释让机器人移动的方法。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，最微小的机器人需要改进的是它们的用途。故选A。
27．标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句可知，本文主要围绕研究人员最新研制的最微小的遥控机器人展开，介绍了它们的内部构造、工作原理和发展前景等。B项“世界上最微小的遥控机器人”最适合作文章的标题。故选B。
【知识点】推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
28．B
29．A
30．D
31．C
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事们进行了一项研究以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的，研究表明，仅仅使用一个线索就可以提供一种更简单的方法来根据事实判断谎言。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, ... whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.(被训练来识别谎言的人通常依靠多种迹象，比如眼神接触、反应的时长和人们说话的细节，但研究表明，评估广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事想知道，仅仅关注陈述的细节是否能提供更一致的结果)可知，Bruno Verschuere和他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted (转移) their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.(结果显示，说真话的人和说谎者回避目光的程度相似，但真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述要详细得多，这表明后者是判断某人是否在撒谎的更有效的方法)可知，真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra further investigations or follow-up questions, he says.(Verschuere说：“我们认为，只使用一个线索可以提供一种更简单的方法来判断谎言和真相。”然而，在现实世界中，你可能需要通过额外的进一步调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性，他说)可推知，Verschuere指出“在现实世界中，你可能需要通过额外的进一步调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性”，即他认为他的研究应用于现实生活中会有一些局限性。故选D。
31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, ...whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.(被训练来识别谎言的人通常依靠多种迹象，比如眼神接触、反应的时长和人们说话的细节，但研究表明，评估广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事想知道，仅仅关注陈述的细节是否能提供更一致的结果)和最后一段中“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says Verschuere.结合文章主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事们进行了一项研究以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的，研究表明，仅仅使用一个线索就可以提供一种更简单的方法来根据事实判断谎言。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科学发现。故选C。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】应用文、科普知识
【答案】32．A 33．F 34．E 35．G 36．C
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要告诉了读者关于情绪崩溃的一些知识。
【解析】32．根据前文“An emotional meltdown isn’t exactly a medical disease.(情绪崩溃又不是什么医学疾病。)”可知，情绪崩溃不算疾病；后文“It’s a popular term used to describe a situation where we are overcome emotionally of hit a breaking point.(这是一个常用的术语，用来描述我们在情感上达到崩溃点的情况。)”说明情绪崩溃是常见的。A项“It can happen to anyone.(它可能发生在任何人身上。)”符合语境，且A项中“It”指代前文中的“An emotional meltdown”。故选A项。
33．根据前文“How do you feel after you’ve had a meltdown Do you feel embarrassed about your behavior (你崩溃后是什么感觉 你对自己的行为感到尴尬吗 )”推知，空处是情绪崩溃的举例，F项“Are you anxious about possible consequences for your outburst (你是否为你的爆发可能带来的后果感到焦虑 )”符合题意，与前文并列。故选F项。
34．前文“Why isn’t it okay for you to be angry, or to be sad, or to need something from someone else (为什么你不能生气，悲伤，或者需要别人的帮助呢 )”说明生气、悲伤和需要别人帮助的正常的；结合后文“So, be kind to yourself.(所以，善待自己。)”，说明情绪崩溃是很正常的，没必要因此而自责。E项“Shaming yourself about your emotion is not helpful.(为自己的情绪感到羞愧是没有帮助的。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
35．根据后文“It damages another person’s attitude and eats into their health.(它会损害别人的态度，损害他们的健康。)”可知，严重的情绪崩溃可能会对别人造成伤害。G项“Having an emotional meltdown is never an excuse for abusive behavior.(情绪崩溃绝不是虐待行为的借口。)”说明因为情绪崩溃而做出错误的行为是不对的。后文“It”指代G项中“abusive behavior”。故选G项。
36．根据后文“Your experience serves a basis for reflection. (你的经验可以作为反思的基础。)”可知，我们可以从情绪奔溃中反思、学到一些东西。C项“Learn from every meltdown.(从每次崩溃中学习。)”符合语境。故选C项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】副词作状语、形容词作定语
37．【答案】
【小题16】initial
【小题17】initially
【详解】
【小题16】考查形容词。句意：就我而言，最初的计划更好。修饰名词plan应用形容词initial表示“最初的”作定语。故填initial。
【小题17】考查副词。句意：她起初只来住几天，但最后住了整整一个月。修饰动词came应用副词initially表示“最初”作状语。故填initially。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、不及物动词、介词短语、及物动词、可数名词及其单、复数、形容词作定语
【答案】
38．G
39．F
40．D
41．E
42．A
43．B
44．C
45．I
【详解】
38．考查动词。句意：在中国有趣的是，你几乎购买任何东西都需要讨价还价。分析句子可知，have to do sth为固定搭配，意为“必须做某事”，结合语境和常识，在中国人们习惯买东西的事讨价还价，应使用动词原形bargain。故选G项。
39．考查形容词。句意：在贫困地区，孩子们迫切需要关爱和关注。分析句子可知，此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词need，且in desperate need of 为固定词组，意为“急需”，结合句意和常识可知，贫困地区的留守儿童急需关爱，符合语境。故选F项。
40．考查动词。句意：在中国大多数景区，儿童、学生和老人都有权获得便宜的门票。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，有前面的are可知，此处应使用被动语态，结合句意，儿童、学生和老人可凭相关证件买便宜的门票，这是他们的权利，entitle意为“使…有权利”，符合语境。人们是被赋予权利，要使用被动语态形式，即be entitled。故选D项。
41．考查动词。句意：此外，黑猩猩濒临灭绝，因为它们中的许多人因为医学而感染了艾滋病毒或其他病毒。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，有前面的were可知，此处应使用被动语态，结合句意，黑猩猩是被感染上病毒， infected符合语境。故选E项。
42．考查名词。句意：帽子的受欢迎程度一直在递减，但我们仍然可以在各种皇室场合看到它们，包括婚礼和洗礼。结合语境，but表转折，由后文仍在正式场合可以见到可知，前文应该表示the popularity of the hats在递减。on the decline为固定搭配，意为“在走下坡路；在衰退中”，符合语境。故选A项。
43．考查动词。句意：“人际传播”一词的兴起与移动通信技术的出现有关，移动通信技术使得上下班的通勤者评论他们在旅途中遇到的事件。分析句子结构可知，在which引导非限制性定语从句中，event后面是一个省略关系代词的定语从句，句中缺少动词，结合语境，通勤者们会讨论自己路途中遇到的事情，encounter意为“遇到, 遭遇”符合语境。故选B项。
44．考查名词。句意：Dr. Teach-man建议采取三步法来处理大流行后的压力：承认，找到替代方案，然后制定计划。分析句子结构可知， three-step后面要接名词来修饰它，结合后文的acknowledge, find alternatives and then make a plan可知，是三个步骤的方法。approach意为“方式，方法”，符合语境。故选C项。
45．考查动词。句意：我们可以得出结论，当画作被盗时，警报系统压根没有用。分析句子结构可知，此处缺谓语动词，结合句意，画作被盗说明报警系统没有发挥作用，function意为“运行，起作用”，符合语境。故选I项。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
46．that
47．why
48．which
49．whatever
50．where
51．what
52．whoever
53．When
54．how
【详解】
46．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
47．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
48．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
49．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
50．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
51．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
52．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
53．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
54．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】介词短语、动词短语
【答案】
55．Thanks to
56．on the decrease
57．linked up
58．subscribed to
59．once and for all
60．take the blame for
【详解】
55．考查介词短语。句意：由于现代技术的普及，训练有素的工人比以往任何时候都更加重要。“the spread of modern technology”和“trained workers are now more vital than ever”构成因果关系，所以应用thanks to（由于）。故填Thanks to。
56．考查介词短语。句意：茶叶的需求每年都在减少。根据主语The demand for tea和状语each year可知，此处是指茶叶的需求每年都在减少。on the decrease意为“在减少”。故填on the decrease。
57．考查动词短语和一般过去时。句意：这两家因他们的女儿和儿子的婚姻而联系在了一起。根据“through the marriage of their daughter and son”可知，此处是指这两家联系在一起。此处是指发生过的事，应用一般过去时。link up意为“联系在一起”。故填linked up。
58．考查动词短语和被动语态。句意：这不是一种普遍接受的理论。根据a theory可知，此处是指这不是一种普遍接受的理论。subscribe to意为“同意，认同”，和theory构成被动关系。故填subscribed to。
59．考查介词短语。句意：让我们把这个问题一劳永逸地解决掉。根据“get this problem right”可知，此处是指把这个问题一劳永逸地解决掉。once and for all意为“一劳永逸地”。故填once and for all。
60．考查动词短语。句意：公司准备对所发生的事承担责任。根据what had happened可知，此处是指对所发生的事承担责任。take the blame for表示“对……承担责任”，故填take the blame for。
【知识点】动词短语、名词作宾语、形容词作定语
【答案】
61．subscribed
62．suspect
63．blame
64．handle
65．link
66．decreased
67．transform
68．poured
69．defend
70．outstanding
【详解】
61．考查动词短语。句意：我订了一份晨报。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。subscribe to是固定短语，意为“订阅；同意”。根据句意，空格处指“订阅”，故选subscribe。根据句意可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填subscribed。
62．考查动词。句意：我们都怀疑报告的真实性。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“怀疑”，故选suspect。根据句意可知，此处可用一般现在时态。故填suspect。
63．考查名词。句意：我哥哥打碎了窗户，但我受到了谴责。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，空格处指“谴责；责备”，故选blame。故填blame。
64．考查动词。句意：你知道如何操作这台机器吗？根据空前的 how to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“操作”，故选handle。故填handle。
65．考查名词。句意：肺病和吸烟之间有联系吗？根据空前的a可知，空格处应填入名词。根据句意，空格处指“联系”，故选link。故填link。
66．考查动词的时态。句意：去年该国的失业率有所下降。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“下降”，故选decrease。根据句中时间状语last year可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填decreased。
67．考查动词。句意：一种新的配色方案将改变你的卧室。根据空前的will可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“改变”，故选transform。故填transform。
68．考查动词的时态。句意：安迪把杯子倒满，递给鲍比。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句意，空格处指“倒”，故选pour。根据lifted it to Bobby可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时态。故填poured。
69．考查动词。句意：被告请了一名律师为他辩护。根据空前的had a lawyer to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，空格处指“为……辩护”，故选defend。故填defend。
70．考查形容词。句意：她已故的丈夫是一位杰出的科学家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，空格处指“杰出的”，故选outstanding。故填outstanding。
五、单句
【知识点】形容词作定语
71．【答案】
gifted
【详解】
句意：据说这个特殊的班级是由一些有天赋的孩子组成的。设空处修饰children，应填形容词，意为“有天赋的”，故填gifted。
72．【答案】Being cast
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你认为是什么让这个女孩整天都这么高兴？——被选为电影主角。此句为省略句，完整的句子为 (cast) in the film as the lead made the girl so glad.分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语。根据句意可知，此处表达“被选为主角”所以用动名词的被动形式。故填 Being cast。
【知识点】不可数名词、派生法
73．【答案】assistance
【详解】考查名词。句意：在为我的书做研究时，他给了我很大的帮助。分析句子可知，空前great为形容词，此处应为名词形式，构成固定短语be of great assistance“有很大的帮助”，满足句意要求。故填assistance。
【知识点】其他介词
74．【答案】to
【知识点】表语从句
75．【答案】where
【详解】句意为：你还记得电影院附近那个停车场吗？那就是我遇到她的地方。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护
76．【答案】
Dear fellow students,
As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. Therefore, it’s high time we took immediate action to change the situation.
First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. What’s more, we should voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclable in our daily life. Also, when finding phenomenon of waste, we should stop it in time.
In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动，要求考生为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
【详解】1、词汇积累
问题：problem→issue
立即的：immediate→instant
此外：what’s more→in addition
应该：should→be supposed to
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
拓展句：First of all, it is necessary that we should raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. (运用了as，which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元能力提高综合练习2【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 1 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 2 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 3 . As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 4 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 5 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 6 a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 7 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 8 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 9 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related 10 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 11 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 12 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 13 a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 14 , the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 15 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
1．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means
2．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed
3．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories
4．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing
5．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally
6．A．taken by B．set for C．limited to D．listed on
7．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions
8．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial
9．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering
10．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing
11．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention
12．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere
13．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce
14．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed
15．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
It’s one of the most common questions adults ask children: what do you want to be when you grow up Although childhood is supposed to be fun, kids also discuss important topics regarding their futures. Now, a new study finds that children who set big goals regarding their future status and education often set themselves up for success as they age.
The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace. Rodica Damian, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston, and other researchers discovered that as children grow up, their goals naturally begin to change. However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and even becoming more involved in the community or helping others.
During the study, researchers compared how their goals evolved as children moved from adolescence to adulthood and how a person’s goals impacted their success in school and as an employee later on. Overall, a child’s goals focusing on their education and future status were the most consistent predictors of income in adulthood. Simply, when a child dreams big about doing well in school or achieving great success as an adult, these goals accurately paint a picture of how successful these children will be. So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!
“Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes.
16．What does the study mainly focus on
A．Why children change their dreams over time.
B．Whether childhood goals relate to future success.
C．How childhood education determines future career.
D．What impact early experiences have on characters.
17．Which of the following goals remains strong as children grow up
A．Connecting with others. B．Achieving academic success.
C．Hunting for a high-salary job. D．Improving personal social status.
18．What message does the author convey in paragraph 3
A．Future careers is determined by Childhood achievements.
B．Childhood ambition is potentially connected with success.
C．Setting small goals is more beneficial than dreaming big.
D．Adjusting goals can create new opportunities for success.
19．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To summarize learning strategies. B．To offer suggestions for future studies.
C．To stress the significance of the study. D．To point out the limitations of the study.
Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It’s natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
In ancient times, many kinds of materials(材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert(沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn’t uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge(海绵) on a stick kept in saltwater...and shared by everyone using public bathrooms.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn’t become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we’re familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn’t necessarily soft like we’re now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters(刺) in toilet paper. It wasn’t until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter-free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th Century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely-used, necessary invention, it isn’t given much thought...until it runs out!
20．What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom
A．What they did. B．Where they lived.
C．How old they were. D．How long they used the bathroom.
21．Why was Gayetty’s Medicated Paper unpopular at first
A．Because the paper had splinters.
B．Because the paper couldn’t be shared.
C．Because people didn't want to pay for it.
D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper.
22．How does the text mainly develop
A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By telling an interesting story. D．By following the order of time.
23．What would be the best title for the text
A．A great invention—toilet paper
B．Why was toilet paper invented
C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose
D．What did people use before toilet paper
Solar eclipses (日食) happen when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. These events are always spectacular. But total solar eclipses are extra special. One such eclipse was visible across large parts of North America on April 8, 2024. During that time, sky watchers felt surprised at the view. They also took part in scientific research.
The eclipse was a piece of exciting news for solar science. On April 8, the Sun neared its most active phase when the Sun gave off more radiation and a lot of charged particles from its surface. Such solar storms threatened satellites orbiting the Earth. They even disrupted power grids on the ground. These are what the science pros found.
“Luckily, researchers now have more scientific instruments to study our star than ever before,” said Kelly Korreck, who is an astrophysicist. “This provides a unique chance to learn about the Sun and its effects on our planet and its atmosphere.”
But science pros aren’t the only ones getting in on the fun. Citizen scientists are members of the public who help gather observations and analyze them. “There is a lot of emphasis on citizen science and having folks do solar science projects,” Korreck said.
Scientists hoped to recruit as many phones as possible, which would spread out over the 2,000- mile- long and 100- mile- wide path of the April 2024 eclipse. Korreck said, “That will offer views of the solar shape from a very large number of vantage points. And it’s up to citizen scientists to do it.”
Citizen scientists were able to take part without interrupting their view of the eclipse. They just started an app on their phone and propped it up facing the Sun at least five minutes before the Moon passed in front of the Sun. The app handled the rest. They could get to keep copies of the pictures as a souvenir. “That was a good chance for citizen scientists to contribute to eclipse research,” Korreck said. That’s true whether they set up a camera or installed an app.；
24．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．The total solar eclipse was visible in the entire America.
B．The total solar eclipse has some impact on the Earth.
C．The Earth gives off more radiation during solar eclipses.
D．Sky watchers contributed a lot to scientific research.；
25．What did Korreck think of citizen scientists
A．They are enthusiastic. B．They are creative.
C．They are optimistic. D．They are essential.；
26．What did the scientists want to get from citizen scientists during the total solar eclipse
A．Useful points about the total solar eclipse.
B．As many phones as possible with apps installed.
C．Observations of the total solar eclipse from different angles.
D．More scientific instruments to help observe solar eclipses.；
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．What citizen scientists got from the eclipse research.
B．How citizen scientists got involved in the eclipse research.
C．How much time citizen scientists spent in taking pictures.
D．Why the total solar eclipse was a good chance for the scientists.
Speech and language recognition technology is a rapidly developing field, which has led to the birth of novel speech dialogue systems, such as Amazon Alexa and Siri. A significant landmark in the development of dialogue artificial intelligence (A) systems is the addition of emotional intelligence. A system that is able to recognize the emotional states of the user, in addition to understanding language, would generate a more empathetic (共情) response, leading to a more immersive (沉浸式) experience for the user.
“ Multimodal sentiment analysis (多模态情感分析) ” is a group of methods that consist of the gold standard for an AI dialogue system with sentiment detection. These methods can automatically analyze a person’s psychological (心理的) state from their speech, voice color, facial expression, and posture and are crucial for human-centered AI systems. The technique could potentially realize an emotionally intelligent AI with beyond-human capabilities, which understands the user’s sentiment and generates a response accordingly.
However, current emotion estimation methods focus only on observable information and do not account for the information contained in unobservable signals, such as physiological signals. In a new study published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, physiological signals were added to multimodal sentiment analysis for the first time by researchers from Japan.
The team analyzed 2,468 exchanges with a dialogue AI obtained from 26 participants to estimate the level of enjoyment experienced by the user during the conversation. On comparing all the separate sources of information, the biological signal information proved to be more effective than voice and facial expression. When we combined the language information with biological signal information to estimate the self-assessed internal state while talking with the system, the AI’s performance became comparable to that of a human.
These findings suggest that the detection of physiological signals in humans could pave the way for highly emotionally intelligent AI-based dialogue systems, making for more natural and satisfying human-machine interactions. Moreover, emotionally intelligent AI systems could help identify and monitor mental illness by sensing a change in daily emotional states.
28．What is the breakthrough in the development of dialogue AI systems
A．The addition of emotional intelligence. B．The recognition of speech and language.
C．The birth of novel speech dialogue systems. D．The creation of human-centered AI systems.
29．How can multimodal sentiment analysis analyze a person’s psychological state
A．By photographing what a person sees.
B．By communicating directly with a person.
C．Through a person’s verbal and nonverbal languages.
D．By receiving professional training from AI scientists.
30．What does the underlined phrase “ pave the way ” in the last paragraph mean
A．Write an application. B．Create a situation.
C．Have a talent. D．Keep an eye open.
31．In which section of a newspaper may the text appear
A．Entertainment. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Technology
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 32 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
33 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 34 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
35 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 36 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
37．选词填空
astronomer; astronomy
He has been interested in 12 since he was a child and his dream is to become a 13 .
38．选词填空
assist; assistant; assistance
【小题3】One of her fellow passengers came to her .
【小题4】I was employed to the manager with his duties.
【小题5】The Prime Minister came to visit our country in the company of his .
39．选词填空
defend; defence
【小题1】Many people died in of their country.
【小题2】They need more troops to the border against possible attack.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
40．Initially，I and eventually managed to complete the seemingly impossible task.
41．The friendship between the two countries can last century.
42．Above all，artificial intelligence our lives in many ways.
43．I am greatly honored to be the meeting on how to defend ourselves when in danger.
44．My father playing computer games，even on weekends，which makes me frustrated.
选词填空
switch to be overwhelmed by suspect sb. of be comprised of be rich in link…to break out attend to be exposed to engage in
45．The agricultural research team two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers.
46．He got tired of teaching and writing stories.
47．They had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
48．Since heart disease is often our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
49．You’ve got so many things to . Can you manage it all by yourself
50．Despite his poor living conditions, he remained actively his scientific research.
51．The man being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
52．It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏), which Vitamin
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By the time Helen Keller was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was, often unbearable. Her parents got a superb teacher 53 (recommend) to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne, whose technique was simple and straightforward, put an object into Helen’s hand and spelt out the word on her other hand. The precious knowledge Anne 54 (teach) Helen gave her hope and joy. As Helen grasped the key to language, she discovered more complex words and eventually understood them.
55．在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Peter, as well as his ______（assist）, Lily, was performing a chemical experiment yesterday afternoon, but I don't know whether they have finished it.
56．The virus changes. That’s the injection needs repeating every year. (用适当的词填空)
57．Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _close you may be to victory. (用适当的词填空)
58．Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had 　　　　(repair) went wrong again.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
59．假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据以下内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信:
1.写信目的;
2.活动时间、地点和意义;
3.回复时间:4月15日前。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B. returns返回；C. aims旨在；D. means意味着。根据后文“to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. abandoned抛弃；B. delayed延误；C. established建立；D. assumed假设。根据后文“because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. films电影；B. faces脸；C. issues问题；D. stories故事。呼应上文“the interest of celebrity”指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C. exploring探索；D. developing开发，发展。根据上文“from advertising for others’ products to”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. taken by突袭；B. set for安排；C. limited to限于；D. listed on列在……上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A. brands品牌；B. trends趋势；C. sales销售；D. editions版本。根据上文“they’re started by first-class stars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通的；B. specific特别的；C. potential有潜力的；D. artificial人造的。根据上文“The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A. promoting促进；B. extending延伸；C. engaging参与；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almost all the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源；B. organization组织；C. release释放；D. intention意图。根据上文“No matter how famous the product’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous持续的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. initial首先的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“attention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D. reduce减少。根据上文“Each misstep threatens to”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B. Thus因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文“the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A. stars明星；B. models模型；C. designers设计师；D. advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．B 19．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关的研究以及研究的发现。
【解析】16．细节理解题。根据第二段“The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace.(发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究结果首次揭示了人生目标的发展与未来在学校或工作场所的成功之间的联系)”可知，这项研究的重点是童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and even becoming more involved in the community or helping others.(然而，当一些童年目标消失时，与家庭有关的其他目标却依然强大。这些包括与亲戚亲近，建立更多的友谊或找到一个浪漫的伴侣，甚至更多地参与社区或帮助他人)”可知，与他人联系目标在孩子长大后仍然是强有力的。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!(所以，我要传达的信息很简单：孩子们，要有远大的梦想，要梦想成功!当你长大后，这些目标会驱使你走向成功!)”可知，作者在第3段传达了童年的野心与成功有潜在的联系。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes.(“我们的研究证明，孩子的人生目标、教育成就和未来的职业成就之间存在着密切的联系。这些信息对父母和教育工作者来说很有价值，他们可以用它来鼓励孩子们设定雄心勃勃的目标。此外，它还有助于制定支持个人实现目标和充分发挥潜力的策略，”达米安总结道)”可知，最后一段的目的是强调这项研究的意义。故选C。
【答案】
20．B
21．C
22．D
23．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章根据时间顺序介绍了厕纸发明前后的情况，并指出这是一项重要的发明。
【详解】
20．细节理解题。由第二段中的“For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert(沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland.(例如，定居在沙漠附近的人使用沙子；草被草原上的人们所使用。)”可知，古人就地取材，解决如厕后的清洁问题，即用什么材料取决于人们生活在哪里。故选B。
21．细节理解题。由第四段中的“His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn’t become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper.(然而，他的“盖耶提的药用纸”并没有很快流行起来，因为公众习惯于使用他们免费获得的材料，而不是花钱买卫生纸。)”可知，由于人们不习惯花钱买厕纸，所以盖耶提的药用纸遭遇冷遇。故选C。
22．推理判断题。由文中依次出现“the 6th century”、“In ancient times”、“in 1857”、“in the 1880s”、“until 1935”、“the 20th century”和“Today”可知。本文主要按照时间顺序展开。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了厕纸发明前后的情况，文中最后一段的“For such a widely-used, necessary invention, it isn’t given much thought...until it runs out!(对于这样一个广泛使用的、必要的发明，它没有被给予太多的思考……直到它用完！)”指出它是一个被广泛使用的必要发明。由此可知A项：“一个伟大的发明——厕纸”，最能概括全文内容，故选A。
【答案】
24．B
25．D
26．C
27．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2024年4月8日的日全食科学观测活动及其对公众参与的要求；
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Such solar storms threatened satellites orbiting the Earth. They even disrupted power grids on the ground.(这样的太阳风暴威胁到了环绕地球运行的卫星。它们甚至干扰了地面上的电力网络)”可知，日全食对地球有一定的影响。故选B；
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Citizen scientists are members of the public who help gather observations and analyze them. ‘There is a lot of emphasis on citizen science and having folks do solar science projects,’ Korreck said.(公民科学家是普通公众中的一员，他们帮助收集观测数据并对数据进行分析。‘现在非常重视公民科学，并鼓励人们参与太阳科学研究项目，’Korreck说)”可知，Korreck认为公民科学家是必不可少的。选项D；
26．推理判断题。根据第五段“Scientists hoped to recruit as many phones as possible, which would spread out over the 2,000- mile- long and 100- mile- wide path of the April 2024 eclipse. Korreck said, ‘That will offer views of the solar shape from a very large number of vantage points. And it’s up to citizen scientists to do it.’(科学家们希望尽可能多地招募手机，这些手机将分布在2024年4月日食路径上，这条路径长达2000英里，宽达100英里。Korreck说：‘这将从大量的观察点提供太阳形状的视图。这取决于公民科学家来做这件事。’)”可知，科学家希望从公民科学家那里得到从不同角度观测到的日全食情况。故选C；
27．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Citizen scientists were able to take part without interrupting their view of the eclipse. They just started an app on their phone and propped it up facing the Sun at least five minutes before the Moon passed in front of the Sun. The app handled the rest.(公民科学家能够在不打断观赏日食的情况下参与进来。他们只需在手机上启动一个应用程序，并在月亮挡在太阳前面至少五分钟前将其面向太阳放置。应用程序会处理剩下的事情)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了公民科学家如何参与日全食的研究。故选B。
【答案】
28．A；
29．C；
30．B；
31．D
【详解】
〖导语〗
本文是说明文。文章介绍了对话人工智能系统的关键——心理信号。
28．
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“A significant landmark in the development of dialogue artificial intelligence (A) systems is the addition of emotional intelligence.（对话人工智能（A）系统发展的一个重要里程碑是情感智能的增加。）”可知，在对话人工智能（AI）系统的发展中，情感智能的加入是一个重要的里程碑。故选A。
29．
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These methods can automatically analyze a person’s psychological (心理的) state from their speech, voice color, facial expression, and posture and are crucial for human-centered AI systems.（这些方法可以从人的语音、声音颜色、面部表情和姿势自动分析人的心理状态，对于以人为中心的AI系统至关重要。）”可知，这些方法可以自动分析一个人的语言、音色、面部表情和姿势。语言、音色、面部表情和姿势可归纳为口头语言和非口头语言。故选C。
30．
词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“These findings suggest that the detection of physiological signals in humans could pave the way for highly emotionally intelligent AI-based dialogue systems, making for more natural and satisfying human-machine interactions.（这些发现表明，人类生理信号的检测可以为基于AI的高度情感智能对话系统pave the way，使人机交互更加自然和令人满意。）”可知，这些发现表明，对人类生理信号的检测可以为高情商的人工智能对话系统铺平道路，促成更加自然和更加令人满意的人机交流。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了对话人工智能系统的关键——心理信号，所以文章可能选自报刊的科技版块。故选D。
三、七选五阅读
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．E 35．B 36．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】32．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
33．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
34．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
35．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
36．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、选词填空完成句子
37．【答案】
【小题12】astronomy
【小题13】astronomer
【详解】
【小题12】考查名词。句意：他从小就对天文学感兴趣，他的梦想是成为一名天文学家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“天文学”应为astronomy，且为不可数名词。故选astronomy。
【小题13】考查名词。句意：他从小就对天文学感兴趣，他的梦想是成为一名天文学家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“天文学家”应为astronomer，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数。故选astronomer。
38．【答案】
【小题3】assistance
【小题4】assist
【小题5】assistant
【详解】
【小题3】考查名词。句意：她的一位同车乘客过来帮助她。come to one’s assistance是固定短语，意为“前来帮助某人”，因此空格处填assistance，故填assistance。
【小题4】考查不定式。句意：我被雇用来协助经理工作。be employed to do是固定短语，意为“被雇佣来做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，是assist，故填assist。
【小题5】考查名词。句意：总理在助手的陪同下访问了我国。his后跟名词，句子表示“总理在助手的陪同下访问了我国”，空格处意为“助手”，是assistant，他一般是有一个助手，因此空格处用单数，故填assistant。
39．【答案】
【小题1】defence
【小题2】defend
【详解】
【小题1】考查固定短语。句意：许多人为保卫国家而死。固定短语in defence of“为保护……，保卫……”符合句意，设空处应填名词defence“防御；保护；保卫”。故填defence。
【小题2】考查动词。句意：他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境，防止可能的袭击。固定短语need sb to do sth意为“需要某人做某事”，由空前的to可知设空处应填动词原形构成不定式；defend“保护；保卫”为及物动词，符合句意。故填defend。
【答案】40．took on the challenge
41．be traced back to
42．has an impact on
43．in charge of
44．discourages me from
【答案】
45．is comprised of
46．switched to
47．broke out
48．linked to
49．attend to
50．engaged in
51．suspected of
52．are rich in
【详解】
45．考查动词短语。句意：农业研究小组由两名资深科学家、一名教授和四名研究员组成。空前的主语“The agricultural research team”是由空后的“two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers”“组成的”。短语“be comprised of”，意为“由……组成”；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时。故填is comprised of。
46．考查动词短语。句意：他厌倦了教书，改行写故事。根据上文“He got tired of teaching”可知，他厌倦了教书，由此可知，他是“转向”写故事。动词短语“switch to”，意为“转向、改行”，符合句意。根据上文的时态可知，并列谓语动词为一般过去时；主语“he”和动词短语“switch to”之间为主动关系。故填switched to。
47．考查动词短语。句意：他们在1939年战争爆发前不久逃到了美国。根据上文“They had escaped to America”可知，他们是在战争“爆发”前逃到了美国；动词短语“break out”，意为“爆发”，符合句意。主语为“the war”，单数，和动词短语“break out”之间为主动关系，根据时间状语“in 1939”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填broke out。
48．考查动词短语。句意：由于心脏病通常与我们的生活方式选择有关，我们需要使健康的生活成为我们生活的重要组成部分。根据句意可知，主语“heart disease”和空后的“our lifestyle choices”是有关的。动词短语“link…to…”，意为“和……有关”，符合句意。主语“heart disease”，单数，和动词短语“link…to…”之间为被动关系。故填linked to。
49．考查动词短语。句意：你有这么多事情要处理。你一个人能搞定吗？根据下文“Can you manage it all by yourself ”可知，空处指的是有事情“处理”。动词短语“attend to”，意为“处理”，符合句意。出现在动词不定式符号后，用动词原形。故填attend to。
50．考查动词短语。句意：尽管生活条件很差，他仍然积极从事科学研究。根据空后的“his scientific research”可知，空处指的是“从事”。动词短语“engage in”，意为“从事”，构成短语：remain engaged in，意为“从事……”。故填engaged in。
51．考查动词短语。句意：有人看见那个被怀疑是劫案主谋的人正在过马路。根据空后“being behind the robbery”可知，空处指的是“被怀疑”。动词短语“suspect sb. of”，意为“怀疑某人……”，符合句意。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“the man”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填suspected of。
52．考查动词短语。句意：多吃动物肝脏是有益的，因为它富含维生素。根据上文“It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏)”可知，动物肝脏是“富含”维生素，所以要多吃。短语“be rich in”，意为“富含”，符合句意。从句主语为which，即先行词“animal livers”，复数。故填are rich in。
五、单句
【答案】53．recommended 54．taught/had taught
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述海伦 凯勒七岁时的状况及老师安妮 沙利文对她的帮助。
【详解】53．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父母得到了一位推荐给他们的优秀老师，一位名叫安妮 沙利文的女士。空格处作后置定语修饰teacher，使用非谓语动词，teacher与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recommended。
54．考查动词时态。句意：安妮教给海伦的宝贵知识给了她希望和快乐。此处可理解为本句表示的是过去某个时间发生的动作，用一般过去时；也可理解为“教知识”这一动作在“给予希望和快乐”之前已完成，用过去完成时had taught，两种时态均符合语境。故填taught/had taught。
55．【答案】assistant
【解析】句意为：彼得和他的助手莉莉昨天下午在做一个化学实验，但我不知道他们是否做完了。设空处前有his修饰，应填名词，意为 “助手”，再由后面的同位语可知应用单数，故填assistant。
56．【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：病毒会改变。这就是为什么每年需要重复注射的原因。此处是表语从句，连接词在从句作原因状语，应用连接副词why引导。故填why。
57．【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：不要让任何失败使你气馁，因为你永远不知道你离胜利有多近。tell后接的是宾语从句；再根据语境可知此处用连接副词how修饰形容词close。故填how。
58．【答案】repaired
【详解】句意为:看到被人修过的洗衣机又出毛病了,布朗夫人很失望。have sth done 意为“让某事被做”。故填repaired。
六、应用文写作
59．【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite your school to take part in our school’s upcoming Dragon Boat Race from May 25th to 30th on the Pearl River in Shamian, Guangzhou.
The event is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop closer ties and to promote cultural exchange.The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused. It will provide students the chance to learn from each other, improve their boating skills and promote friendship.
We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part. We’d appreciate hearing from you before April 15th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
〖导语〗
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据提示内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ attend
纪念：commemorate→ in memory of
收到来信：hear from→ get letters
优秀的：outstanding→ excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is chairman of the Student Union.
【点睛】
〖高分句型1〗The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
〖高分句型2〗We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元能力提高综合练习3【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy(浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world.
By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.”
There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a(n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault(地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers(地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude(震级) and 11 of the quake.
In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 .
1． A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists
2． A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes
3． A．some B．a few C．none D．others
4． A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled
5． A．although B．until C．as D．where
6． A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing
7． A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume
8． A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force
9． A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation
10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket
11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length
12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate
13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider
14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response
15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
[广东执信中学2024高二期中]
The success of many North American crops partly depends on ground beetles, small insects that eat pests and weed seeds which could otherwise damage crops. But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests not all of the nearly 2,000 species of ground beetles found in North America will survive climate change. Some could decline.And that could have a far-reaching impact on agriculture, forestry, and conservation.
By studying the data on 136 different ground beetle species across continental North America, Puerto Rico and Hawaii, the researchers found that a species' chance of success in a changing climate depends on several important factors, such as its habitat preference, body size, and whether it flies, climbs or runs.
“We found that less mobile, nonflying ground beetles, which are critical pest control agents, are more likely to decline over time in a warmer, drier climate,” said Tong Qiu, who led the study.“That means you're going to have more pests that can impact agricultural and forest ecosystems.” But there is reason for hope, Qiu added, because the analysis also showed that habitat conservation can lessen these effects and reverse the trends in some areas.
“We hope conservation biologists will use the information and the online map that we created to better manage habitats for insects in general. Ground beetles are very beneficial to ecosystems, but they're largely invisible to the average person. In this paper we're showing the broad impacts they have on whole communities in forested and agricultural ecosystems,” said Qiu.
The researchers used ground beetle count data from the National Science Foundation's National Ecological Observatory Network （NEON） and from 11 previously published studies to measure and map the beetles' distribution across North America. Habitat information, such as the location of gaps in forest canopies （树冠） and the density of plants on a forest floor, was obtained by using NEON's imaging instruments to create detailed three-dimensional images of landscapes. The researchers then entered the collected data into a statistical model to simulate （模拟） climate change to study how the insects would respond.
16． What does the new study in North America show
A．Pests could destroy many North American crops.
B．Some ground beetles will not survive climate change.
C．The survival of ground beetles only depends on its habitat.
D．Some ground beetles will destroy crops in a warmer climate.
17． What does Tong Qiu intend to convey in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．There is no way to stop the decline of ground beetles.
B．Critical pests are more adaptable in a warmer, drier climate.
C．Ground beetles will become less mobile in a warmer climate.
D．The importance of ground beetles should be widely recognised.
18． How did the research team carry out the study
A．By analysing data. B．By assessing conditions.
C．By doing field research. D．By studying documents.
19． What is the best title for the passage
A．North American Agriculture Crops at Risk
B．Crop-Saving Beetles Under Climate Threats
C．Catastrophic Climate Change on the Way
D．Beetles' Reaction to Simulated Climate Change
[辽宁省实验中学2022高二期中]While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.
For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.
Interestingly, although the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face, the dogs were not provided with the entire one. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. After some training like how to recognise small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.
They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took longer to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to retreat (后退) quickly. However, once the smart dogs realised they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer “game” that scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.
The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch screen models were all females, this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies—dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.
20．How did the scientists conduct the experiment
A．By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.
B．By mixing the selected dogs together.
C．By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen.
D．By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.
21．What does the underlined word “ trepidation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Fear and anxiety. B．Curiosity and eagerness.
C．Excitement and happiness. D．Doubt and sadness.
22．According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners .
A．are fond of the male faces
B．are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces
C．have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males
D．can only recognise emotions of females
23．What is the best title for this passage
A．Mood Changes Influence Dogs B．Dogs Identify the Moods
C．Dogs and Their Owners D．Dogs' Mood Research
Imagine driving down a 10-lane highway and knowing that, high above your head, a mountain lion is quietly going along its way. This remarkable image could soon be the reality for drivers on one of California's busiest roads, as the world's largest wildlife overpass （跨线桥） begins construction in April.
The history-making project will comprise a green bridge built across the 101 highway near Los Angeles, creating a passage between two parts of the Santa Monica Mountains. The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc with an acre of local plants on either side and vegetated sound walls to dampen light and noise for night-time animals as they go across.
The project, nearly a decade in the making, comes at a crucial time. Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon. Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project, persuading transportation officials of its importance, and bringing donors to fund it.
The project is breaking records in many ways: Not only is it the largest crossing in the world, but it's also an engineering wonder. Robert Rock, a landscape architect who led the design, says this nature-centred type of construction makes it unusual among other wildlife bridges and underpasses around the world, which are typically made of cement （水泥） and steel. This one is designed to integrate into the environment on both sides—and send a message to the people driving below.
About 300,000 cars pass through this area each day, and Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature.“Someone could be in rush-hour traffic, and there could be a mountain lion right above them,” she says.“I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.”
24． Why is the overpass built
A．To attract visitors to watch the wildlife.
B．To help animals cross over a highway.
C．To bridge two mountains near Los Angeles.
D．To allow more traffic during rush hours.
25． What does Pratt think of the overpass project
A．It is a long journey.
B．It comes a little late.
C．It has little official support.
D．It has brought economic benefits.
26． What does the author try to stress about the overpass by mentioning Robert Rock
A．It stands out among similar structures.
B．It does harm to the local environment.
C．It has got little attention from engineers.
D．It has inspired the construction of overpasses worldwide.
27． What might Pratt expect of the overpass
A．It'll transform the image of the state.
B．It'll provide pleasant habitats for animals.
C．It'll be a reminder for people to care about nature.
D．It'll create job opportunities for the local people.
(2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
28．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of travelling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
29．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
30．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John’s research plans.
B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
31．What is the basis for John’s work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 32 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
33 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 34 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
35 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 36 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
37．While the astronomer is faced with many difficulties，he overcome them.
38．With suitable learning methods，you study more efficiently.
39． his practical suggestions，I have made great progress in English learning.
40．The scientist succeeded at last his hard work as well as strong determination.
41．Judging from what they have said，I can clearly tell that they won’t such strict rules.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
42．Initially，I and eventually managed to complete the seemingly impossible task.
43．The friendship between the two countries can last century.
44．Above all，artificial intelligence our lives in many ways.
45．I am greatly honored to be the meeting on how to defend ourselves when in danger.
46．My father playing computer games，even on weekends，which makes me frustrated.
subscribe to, thanks to, once and for all
47． his assistance，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.
48．The famous scientist the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
49．In the past few months，I have looked forward to handling the hardships .
选词填空
switch to be overwhelmed by suspect sb. of be comprised of be rich in link…to break out attend to be exposed to engage in
50．The agricultural research team two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers.
51．He got tired of teaching and writing stories.
52．They had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
53．Since heart disease is often our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
54．You’ve got so many things to . Can you manage it all by yourself
55．Despite his poor living conditions, he remained actively his scientific research.
56．The man being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
57．It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏), which Vitamin
根据句子意义选择适合该句的单词，并根据语境和运用构词法知识用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。其中有一个单词多余。
amuse employ rare essence impress endure guarantee appreciate bless enthusiasm elect concept famous compose pace permanent
58．It is important for you to understand these basic maths to solve the problem.
59．I play the piano not for any prize but just for my own
60．A good respects the workers and ensures that they can realize their potential.
61．Guilin enjoys worldwide for its beautiful scenery and attracts a large number of tourists.
62．It is widely known that water and sunshine are to the growth of plants.
63．Xian Xinghai is one of the most famous in the Chinese contemporary music history.
64．On the first day of my senior high school, my English teacher sang an English song, which me deeply.
65．She is always busy, gets a chance to let her hair down and enjoy life like others do.
66．Seeing that nobody was about the trip, we decided to cancel it.
67．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and .
68．We to treat all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same working quality and service standard.
69．Some people think online students are able to study at their own and often finish faster than traditional students.
70．Surprisingly, he had a win in the of the president of the students’ union.
71．It’s a that nobody saw me when I fell down or I would be very embarrassed.
72．He was very of his colleagues’ support during his illness.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
73．What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is (defend) an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. (所给词的适当形式填空）
74．It has rich cultural tourism resources as it is Mount Tai rises, the Yellow River flows into the sea, and Confucius was born. (用适当的词填空)
75．An accident was avoided by his quick (think). (所给词的适当形式填空)
76．Hattie successfully developed a cure against the disease, which (decrease) the death rate. （所给词的适当形式填空）
77．By the end of last month,100 applicants ______________________ (admit) as volunteers in the canteen.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
78．假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据以下内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信:
1.写信目的;
2.活动时间、地点和意义;
3.回复时间:4月15日前。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太平洋和印度洋地区的海啸预警系统。
【详解】
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。
3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋。)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个。)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue独白；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文“‘I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,’ says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. ‘Many of them died.’(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【答案】
16．B
17．D
18．A
19．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，在北美发现的能够保护农作物的近2,000种步甲科昆虫中，有一些面临气候威胁。
【解析】
16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests not all of the nearly 2,000 species of ground beetles found in North America will survive climate change.Some could decline.可知，北美的这项新研究表明，一些步甲科昆虫将无法在气候变化中生存。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，气候变化会影响步甲科昆虫，而这种昆虫的减少会影响农业和森林生态系统。再根据第四段中的Ground beetles are very beneficial to ecosystems, but they're largely invisible to the average person.In this paper we're showing the broad impacts they have on whole communities in forested and agricultural ecosystems可知，步甲科昆虫对生态系统非常有益，但普通人基本上看不到它们。邱桐在论文中展示了它们对森林和农业生态系统中整个群落的广泛影响。因此邱桐想表达的是，步甲科昆虫的重要性应该得到广泛的认识。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的By studying the data on 136 different ground beetle species以及最后一段中的The researchers used ground beetle count data和The researchers then entered the collected data into a statistical model to simulate climate change to study how the insects would respond.可知，研究小组是通过分析数据展开这项研究的。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北美步甲科昆虫能够抑制害虫、保护农作物，而随着气候变化，一些品种的步甲科昆虫数量正在减少，为了保护这些步甲科昆虫，研究人员开展了一系列相关的研究。结合选项可知，B项（拯救农作物的步甲科昆虫面临气候威胁）最适合做本文的标题。
【长难句分析】
句意：研究人员利用美国国家科学基金会的国家生态观测网络（NEON）和先前发表的11项研究中的步甲科昆虫计数数据，测量并绘制了步甲科昆虫在北美的分布图。
【答案】
20．D;
21．A;
22．C;
23．B
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新的实验发现，狗能识别人的面部表情变化。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中的For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.可知，科学家们是通过展示女性高兴或愤怒的数码照片进行这项实验的，故选D项。
21．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to retreat quickly.However, once the smart dogs realised they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.可知，生气的面孔会使狗立即后退。而画线词所在的句子中有However表示转折。由此可知，该句的意思是：然而，一旦聪明的狗意识到它们得到了奖励，恐惧和犹豫似乎就消失了。所以画线词的意思是“害怕和焦虑”，故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，狗在辨别与自己主人同性的人的面部表情时更有效率，因此让主人是女性的狗来辨别男性面部表情的图片是困难的，故选C项。
23．主旨大意题。根据第一段和全文内容可知，文章介绍了最新的实验发现，狗能识别人的面部表情变化，B项“狗能识别情绪”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
【答案】24．B
25．A
26．A
27．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的野生动物跨线桥开始建造，并介绍了它的设计特点以及建筑意义。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc… for night-time animals as they go across.可知，建这座跨线桥的目的是帮助动物过高速公路。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon.Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project可知，普拉特为这个项目努力了十年，她感觉自己像在跑马拉松一样。由此可推知，她认为该项目是一个漫长的过程。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，负责该项目的建筑设计师罗伯特·罗克认为，这座桥创造了新的世界纪录，相比于传统的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道而言，这座桥与自然融为一体。由此可推断，作者提到罗伯特·罗克是想强调这座跨线桥的设计在众多相似的建筑物中十分突出。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature和 “I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.” 可知，普拉特认为这座跨线桥能够作为人与自然和谐共处的典范，让更多人认识到爱护自然的重要性。故选C项。
【长难句分析】
句意：主导这项设计的景观建筑师罗伯特·罗克说，这种以自然为中心的建筑类型与世界上其他通常由水泥和钢铁建造的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道不同。
【答案】
28．C
29．D
30．B
31．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【详解】
28．C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。根据第二段中的“After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)？”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C项。
29．D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks，John added the sludge.”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水。).”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D项。
30．B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。).”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B项。
31．A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统发展自己的自我修复方式。).”可知，约翰工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．E 35．B 36．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】32．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
33．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
34．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
35．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
36．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、选词填空完成句子
【答案】37．is determined to
38．are likely to
39．Thanks to
40．as a result of
41．subscribe to
【答案】42．took on the challenge
43．be traced back to
44．has an impact on
45．in charge of
46．discourages me from
【答案】47．Thanks to
48．subscribes to
49．once and for all
【答案】
50．is comprised of
51．switched to
52．broke out
53．linked to
54．attend to
55．engaged in
56．suspected of
57．are rich in
【详解】
50．考查动词短语。句意：农业研究小组由两名资深科学家、一名教授和四名研究员组成。空前的主语“The agricultural research team”是由空后的“two senior scientists, one professor and four researchers”“组成的”。短语“be comprised of”，意为“由……组成”；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时。故填is comprised of。
51．考查动词短语。句意：他厌倦了教书，改行写故事。根据上文“He got tired of teaching”可知，他厌倦了教书，由此可知，他是“转向”写故事。动词短语“switch to”，意为“转向、改行”，符合句意。根据上文的时态可知，并列谓语动词为一般过去时；主语“he”和动词短语“switch to”之间为主动关系。故填switched to。
52．考查动词短语。句意：他们在1939年战争爆发前不久逃到了美国。根据上文“They had escaped to America”可知，他们是在战争“爆发”前逃到了美国；动词短语“break out”，意为“爆发”，符合句意。主语为“the war”，单数，和动词短语“break out”之间为主动关系，根据时间状语“in 1939”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填broke out。
53．考查动词短语。句意：由于心脏病通常与我们的生活方式选择有关，我们需要使健康的生活成为我们生活的重要组成部分。根据句意可知，主语“heart disease”和空后的“our lifestyle choices”是有关的。动词短语“link…to…”，意为“和……有关”，符合句意。主语“heart disease”，单数，和动词短语“link…to…”之间为被动关系。故填linked to。
54．考查动词短语。句意：你有这么多事情要处理。你一个人能搞定吗？根据下文“Can you manage it all by yourself ”可知，空处指的是有事情“处理”。动词短语“attend to”，意为“处理”，符合句意。出现在动词不定式符号后，用动词原形。故填attend to。
55．考查动词短语。句意：尽管生活条件很差，他仍然积极从事科学研究。根据空后的“his scientific research”可知，空处指的是“从事”。动词短语“engage in”，意为“从事”，构成短语：remain engaged in，意为“从事……”。故填engaged in。
56．考查动词短语。句意：有人看见那个被怀疑是劫案主谋的人正在过马路。根据空后“being behind the robbery”可知，空处指的是“被怀疑”。动词短语“suspect sb. of”，意为“怀疑某人……”，符合句意。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“the man”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填suspected of。
57．考查动词短语。句意：多吃动物肝脏是有益的，因为它富含维生素。根据上文“It’s good to cat more animal livers(肝脏)”可知，动物肝脏是“富含”维生素，所以要多吃。短语“be rich in”，意为“富含”，符合句意。从句主语为which，即先行词“animal livers”，复数。故填are rich in。
【答案】
58．concepts 59．amusement 60．employer 61．fame 62．essential 63．composers 64．impressed 65．rarely 66．enthusiastic 67．endurance 68．guarantee 69．pace 70．lection 71．blessing 72．appreciative
【解析】58．考查名词。句意：理解这些基本的数学概念对解决问题很重要。这里表示数学的“概念”，本空用名词concept“概念”，根据空前的these可知，用复数形式，作understand的宾语。故填concepts。
59．考查名词。句意：我弹钢琴不是为了奖品，只是为了自娱自乐。根据play the piano可知，本空表示“娱乐”，用名词amusement，作for的宾语，one’s own amusement“个人娱乐，自娱自乐”。故填amusement。
60．考查名词。句意：一个好的雇主尊重员工，确保他们能够发挥自己的潜力。本空用employer“雇主”，指代公司或组织中负责雇佣员工的一方，根据空前的A可知，用单数形式，作主语。故填employer。
61．考查名词。句意：桂林以其美丽的风景闻名于世，吸引了大量游客。表示桂林的知名度，本空意为“名声，声誉”，本空用名词fame，作enjoys的宾语。故填fame。
62．考查形容词。句意：众所周知，水和阳光对植物的生长是必不可少的。这里指对植物生长必不可少的因素，本空表示“本质的，必不可少的”，用形容词essential，作表语。故填essential。
63．考查名词的数。句意：冼星海是中国当代音乐史上最著名的作曲家之一。本空意为“作曲家”，用名词composer，根据one of the most famous可知，用复数形式。故填composers。
64．考查动词。句意：高中第一天，英语老师唱了一首英文歌，给我留下了深刻的印象。表示某人的行为给他人留下了深刻的印象，本空用动词impressed“给……留下深刻印象”，根据On the first day of my senior high school可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填impressed。
65．考查副词。句意：她总是很忙，很少有机会像其他人那样放松享受生活。本空表示频率低，意为“很少”，用副词rarely，作状语，修饰gets。故填rarely。
66．考查形容词。句意：看到没有人对这次旅行表现出热情，我们决定取消它。表示对某事有兴趣或热情的态度，本空用enthusiastic“热情的”，作表语。故填enthusiastic。
67．考查名词。句意：这项运动有益于健康，将增强力量和耐力。本空指持续进行某项活动的能力，用endurance“耐力”，作will improve的宾语。故填endurance。
68．考查动词。句意：我们保证平等对待所有客户，为客户提供相同的工作质量和标准服务。本空表示承诺或担保，用guarantee“保证”，根据空后的and provide可知，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语为We，谓语用动词原形。故填guarantee。
69．考查名词。句意：有些人认为在线学生可以按照自己的节奏学习，往往比传统学生更快完成学业。本空指个人学习的速度，用pace“速度，节奏”，作at的宾语。故填pace。
70．考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，他在学生会主席选举中获胜。本空表示“选举”，用election，作in的宾语。故填election。
71．考查名词。句意：幸好我摔倒的时候没人看见，不然我会很尴尬的。本空“祝福，好事”，用blessing，作表语。故填blessing。
72．考查形容词。句意：他对同事在他生病期间的支持非常感激。本空表示“感激的”，用grateful，作表语，表示对他人帮助的感谢。故填appreciative。
五、单句
73．【答案】defending
【详解】
考查动名词。句意：更有趣的是，斯坦因的工作之一就是保护塑料购物袋背后的产业。根据句子分析及句意可知，设空处位于be动词后，其主语为one of Stein’s jobs，故设空处非谓语动词要表抽象的一般行为，且在句中作表语，故用其动名词形式。故填defending。
74．【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这里是泰山发祥地、黄河入海地、孔子诞生地，文化旅游资源丰富。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，句子表示“这里是泰山发祥地、黄河入海地、孔子诞生地”，因此空格处用where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
75．【答案】thinking
【详解】考查名词。句意：他思维敏捷，避免了一场事故。设空处作宾语，应用名词thinking，意为“思维，想法”，不可数名词，故填thinking。
76．【答案】decreased
【详解】
考查时态。句意：海蒂成功地研制出一种治疗这种疾病的方法，从而降低了死亡率。根据“ developed”可知，研发的方法降低了死亡率，降低也用一般过去时。故填decreased。
77．【答案】had been admitted
六、应用文写作
78．【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite your school to take part in our school’s upcoming Dragon Boat Race from May 25th to 30th on the Pearl River in Shamian, Guangzhou.
The event is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop closer ties and to promote cultural exchange.The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused. It will provide students the chance to learn from each other, improve their boating skills and promote friendship.
We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part. We’d appreciate hearing from you before April 15th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
〖导语〗
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据提示内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ attend
纪念：commemorate→ in memory of
收到来信：hear from→ get letters
优秀的：outstanding→ excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is chairman of the Student Union.
【点睛】
〖高分句型1〗The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
〖高分句型2〗We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元能力提高综合练习4【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 1 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 2 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 3 . As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 4 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 5 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 6 a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 7 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 8 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 9 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related 10 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 11 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 12 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 13 a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 14 , the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 15 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
1．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means
2．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed
3．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories
4．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing
5．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally
6．A．taken by B．set for C．limited to D．listed on
7．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions
8．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial
9．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering
10．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing
11．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention
12．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere
13．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce
14．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed
15．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body.
Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape.
To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃.
In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body.
Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding.
According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. Abbott emphasizes the high temperature sensitivity of the human body.
16．What can we infer about the small robot
A．It has been put into use.
B．It is mainly used to deliver goods.
C．It draws inspiration from the natural world.
D．It can’t be used without adding hard elements.
17．How do the researchers make the robot change shape
A．By using heat. B．By using magnets.
C．By using radiation. D．By using chemicals.
18．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Stop. B．Challenge. C．Evaluate. D．Explore.
19．Which can be the best title for the text
A．A Tiny Robot Will Be Used in Medicine
B．Scientists Will Make Robots Give Out Heat
C．A Small Robot Was Made to Deliver Goods
D．Doctors Have Used Tiny Robots to Cure Tumors
A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people’s bodies. These materials — known as microplastics and nanoplastics — can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.
One new study suggests the buildup of such plastics inside the body can increase the risk of a stroke, heart attack or death. But the researchers noted the evidence presented cannot prove a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.
The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in theNew England Journal of Medicine.
The researchers admitted their study was very small. For example, it only looked at people with narrowed arteries who were already at risk for heart attacks and stroke.
Steve Nissen is a heart expert at the Cleveland Clinic in the state of Ohio who was not part of the study. He told the Associated Press he thinks the team’s estimate that the risk of heart attack, stroke or death was four times greater seems too high. “It would mean that these microplastics are the most important cause of coronary heart disease (冠心病) yet discovered. And I just don’t think that’s likely to be right,” Nissen said. “Maybe, it’s just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously.” Nissen added.
20． How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By doing online surveys. B．By interviewing participants.
C．By comparing with former experiments. D．By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
21． What did the team find about the 150 patients
A．They were in good health before the study.
B．No evidence of plastics were found in them.
C．20 percent of them died from heart attacks.
D．They developed many more health problems than the 107 patients.
22． What can be inferred from Nissen’s words
A．There was no relationship between microplastics and heart diseases.
B．We should pay more attention to the harm of microplastics to our body.
C．The result proved a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
D．The result was inaccurate because they only looked at people with narrowed arteries.
23． Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Tiny plastic materials — Harmful to our body
B．Tiny plastic materials — Exist in our body
C．Tiny plastic materials — A leading cause of our health.
D．Tiny plastic materials — A direct reason for heart diseases.
C
(2024·浙江丽水高二检测)Researchers from the GIGA Centre of Research Cyclotron at the University of Liège have discovered that the sleeping body reacts to the external world while sleeping, which explains how some sensory input might influence sleep quality.
Researchers from ULiège worked with the University of Fribourg in Switzerland to study if the body genuinely disconnects from the outside world while sleeping. They focused on how the heartbeat changes when we hear different words while sleeping. They discovered that calming words reduced cardiac(心脏的) activity as a reflection of deeper sleep, in contrast to neutral phrases, which did not have the same effect. This result, reported in the Journal of Sleep Research, throws fresh light on brain heart interactions during sleep.
A previous study analysing brain data showed that relaxing words increased deep sleep duration and sleep quality, showing that we can positively influence sleep using meaningful words. By that time, the authors reasoned that the brain might still process sensory input in a way that made our bodies feel more relaxed after hearing soothing phrases while sleeping.
In this new study, the authors were able to measure cardiac activity to test this idea and discovered that the heart slows down only after the display of calming phrases. Markers of cardiac and brain activity were then compared to understand how much they contributed to the modulation(演变) of sleep by auditory information. Cardiac activity has been indeed proposed to contribute to the way we perceive the world directly, but such evidence has so far been obtained in wakefulness. With these results, the ULiège researchers showed that it was also true in sleep, offering a new perspective on the essential role of bodily reactions beyond brain data for our understanding of sleep.
“Most of sleep research focuses on the brain and rarely investigates bodily activity，” says Dr Schmidt. This study takes a more complete approach to the modulation of sleep functions by sensory information. By investigating cardiac reactions to noises, we may be able to research in the future the involvement of the body in the way sounds influence emotional processing of memories while sleeping.
24．What can we learn about the sleeping body from the first two paragraphs
A．It disconnects from the outside world.
B．It reacts positively to calming words.
C．It makes no response to neutral words.
D．It suffers the changes of the heartbeat.
25．What did the new study focus on
A．Unpleasant noise.
B．The modulation of sleep.
C．Cardiac activity.
D．The function of the brain.
26．Why were the markers compared
A．To understand the world directly.
B．To obtain information in wakefulness.
C．To study the impact of sensory input on sleep.
D．To test the accuracy of auditory information.
27．What is the author's attitude towards the new study
A．Unclear.
B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
Imagine driving down a 10-lane highway and knowing that, high above your head, a mountain lion is quietly going along its way. This remarkable image could soon be the reality for drivers on one of California's busiest roads, as the world's largest wildlife overpass （跨线桥） begins construction in April.
The history-making project will comprise a green bridge built across the 101 highway near Los Angeles, creating a passage between two parts of the Santa Monica Mountains. The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc with an acre of local plants on either side and vegetated sound walls to dampen light and noise for night-time animals as they go across.
The project, nearly a decade in the making, comes at a crucial time. Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon. Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project, persuading transportation officials of its importance, and bringing donors to fund it.
The project is breaking records in many ways: Not only is it the largest crossing in the world, but it's also an engineering wonder. Robert Rock, a landscape architect who led the design, says this nature-centred type of construction makes it unusual among other wildlife bridges and underpasses around the world, which are typically made of cement （水泥） and steel. This one is designed to integrate into the environment on both sides—and send a message to the people driving below.
About 300,000 cars pass through this area each day, and Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature.“Someone could be in rush-hour traffic, and there could be a mountain lion right above them,” she says.“I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.”
28． Why is the overpass built
A．To attract visitors to watch the wildlife.
B．To help animals cross over a highway.
C．To bridge two mountains near Los Angeles.
D．To allow more traffic during rush hours.
29． What does Pratt think of the overpass project
A．It is a long journey.
B．It comes a little late.
C．It has little official support.
D．It has brought economic benefits.
30． What does the author try to stress about the overpass by mentioning Robert Rock
A．It stands out among similar structures.
B．It does harm to the local environment.
C．It has got little attention from engineers.
D．It has inspired the construction of overpasses worldwide.
31． What might Pratt expect of the overpass
A．It'll transform the image of the state.
B．It'll provide pleasant habitats for animals.
C．It'll be a reminder for people to care about nature.
D．It'll create job opportunities for the local people.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 32 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
33 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 34 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
35 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 36 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
subscribe to get involved in in turn insist on consist of in charge of
37．A regular breakfast (由……组成) soybeans, an egg, a bowl of porridge, corn, a sweet potato, meat and two kinds of fruit.
38．After all (参加) various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock.
39．Please come to the front (轮流) to collect your books.
40．With the manager gone, they are discussing who should be put (主管) the sales team.
41．All scientists (赞成) the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
subscribe to, thanks to, once and for all
42． his assistance，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.
43．The famous scientist the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
44．In the past few months，I have looked forward to handling the hardships .
suspect..of, once and for all,thanks to, attend to, subscribe to
45．He my idea that reading more books can enrich our knowledge.
46．Please give me some advice so that I can solve the problem .
47． your suggestions，I could achieve my goal so smoothly.
48．So far I all the matters，and as a result，I can go on a trip to relax myself.
49． stealing my roommate’s watch，I was on the verge of crying.
根据句子意义选择适合该句的单词，并根据语境和运用构词法知识用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。其中有一个单词多余。
amuse employ rare essence impress endure guarantee appreciate bless enthusiasm elect concept famous compose pace permanent
50．It is important for you to understand these basic maths to solve the problem.
51．I play the piano not for any prize but just for my own
52．A good respects the workers and ensures that they can realize their potential.
53．Guilin enjoys worldwide for its beautiful scenery and attracts a large number of tourists.
54．It is widely known that water and sunshine are to the growth of plants.
55．Xian Xinghai is one of the most famous in the Chinese contemporary music history.
56．On the first day of my senior high school, my English teacher sang an English song, which me deeply.
57．She is always busy, gets a chance to let her hair down and enjoy life like others do.
58．Seeing that nobody was about the trip, we decided to cancel it.
59．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and .
60．We to treat all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same working quality and service standard.
61．Some people think online students are able to study at their own and often finish faster than traditional students.
62．Surprisingly, he had a win in the of the president of the students’ union.
63．It’s a that nobody saw me when I fell down or I would be very embarrassed.
64．He was very of his colleagues’ support during his illness.
选词填空
be exposed to; consist of; subscribe to; keep… free of; be occupied with; be to blame; break down
65．Some social app companies because they didn’t check their users’ registration.
66．Fully the research work, she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children.
67．A medical team experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.
68．To stay healthy, it is suggested that we ourselves tobacco and alcohol.
69． strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
70．If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities. (用适当的词填空)
71．A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
72．Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had 　　　　(repair) went wrong again.
73．What is the most important is .
最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。
74．The topic ____________________ (discuss)now has drawn some experts’ attention.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
75．假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据以下内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信:
1.写信目的;
2.活动时间、地点和意义;
3.回复时间:4月15日前。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、社会、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B. returns返回；C. aims旨在；D. means意味着。根据后文“to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. abandoned抛弃；B. delayed延误；C. established建立；D. assumed假设。根据后文“because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. films电影；B. faces脸；C. issues问题；D. stories故事。呼应上文“the interest of celebrity”指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C. exploring探索；D. developing开发，发展。根据上文“from advertising for others’ products to”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. taken by突袭；B. set for安排；C. limited to限于；D. listed on列在……上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A. brands品牌；B. trends趋势；C. sales销售；D. editions版本。根据上文“they’re started by first-class stars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通的；B. specific特别的；C. potential有潜力的；D. artificial人造的。根据上文“The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A. promoting促进；B. extending延伸；C. engaging参与；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almost all the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源；B. organization组织；C. release释放；D. intention意图。根据上文“No matter how famous the product’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous持续的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. initial首先的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“attention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D. reduce减少。根据上文“Each misstep threatens to”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B. Thus因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文“the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A. stars明星；B. models模型；C. designers设计师；D. advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
16．C
17．B
18．A
19．A
【详解】
16．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). (德国斯图加特马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所的任浩顺领导的研究人员，以穿山甲为灵感，开发了一种厘米大小的机器人。)”可知，这种小型机器人的研发灵感来自穿山甲。由此推知，该机器人的灵感是来自于自然界。故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape. (它是由柔软的磁性材料制成的，可以让机器人改变自己的形状。)”可知，这种机器人是一种柔性磁性材料做的，结合第三段的“To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. (为了实现运动、变形和发热，研究人员在机器人的金属部件上施加了磁场。)”可知，为了让这种机器人能改变形状，研究人员使用了有磁性的材料。故选B项。
18．词义推测题。根据第五段的“Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability…”可知，此处指的是团队要对该机器人的某种能力进行测试，结合下文中的“Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding. (随后，机器人伸展并覆盖了该区域，释放热量以帮助止血。)”可知，这种机器人能够帮助止血。由此可知，画线单词的意思应是“阻止”。A．Stop 阻止，停止；B．Challenge 挑战；C．Evaluate 评估；D．Explore 探索。故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。根据首段“A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body. (一个可以改变形状并产生热量的小型机器人显示出靶向癌细胞和预防内出血的潜力。它还可以用于将药物直接输送到肿瘤(肿瘤)或人体内无法到达的区域。)”可知，研究人员设计了一种可以改变形状的小型机器人，这种机器人可以靶向杀灭肿瘤细胞，还能给伤口止血，具有潜在医学应用前景，进而在下文中对该机器人的制作灵感以及该机器人的功能进行介绍。由此可知，A选项“A Tiny Robot Will Be Used in Medicine (一种将被应用在医学上的小型机器人)”与文章内容一致，且概括了主题。故选A项。
【知识点】情节发展、文章标题、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
20． D
21． D
22． B
23． A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，该研究探讨了微塑料和纳米塑料在人体内积累可能带来的危害，包括增加中风、心脏病发作或死亡的风险。
【详解】
20． 推理判断题。根据第三段“The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.(这项研究涉及257人，他们接受了清除颈部血管阻塞的手术。意大利研究人员检查了医生从颈动脉中移除的脂肪堆积，颈动脉为大脑提供血液和氧气。通过两种方法，他们在150名患者的动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据——主要是看不见的纳米塑料。107名患者中没有发现塑料的证据)”以及第四段“The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in theNew England Journal of Medicine.(研究小组对这些人进行了三年的跟踪调查。在此期间，有30人（占塑料组的20%）心脏病发作、中风或因任何原因死亡。在没有塑料证据的人群中，这一比例下降到8%左右。研究结果最近发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》的一项研究中)”可知，研究人员是通过实验和分析数据进行他们的研究。故选D。
21． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.(通过两种方法，他们在150名患者的动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据——主要是看不见的纳米塑料。107名患者中没有发现塑料的证据。)”以及第四段中“During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause.(在此期间，有30人（占塑料组的20%）心脏病发作、中风或因任何原因死亡)”可知，动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据的150个病人与没有发现塑料的证据107个病人相比，出现了更多的健康问题。故选D。
22． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe, it’s just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously.(也许，这只是一个警钟，也许我们需要更认真地对待微塑料问题)”可知，我们应该更多地关注微塑料可能对我们健康造成的伤害。故选B。
23． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people’s bodies. These materials—known as microplastics and nanoplastics—can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.(一项新的研究调查了最终进入人体的微小塑料碎片可能造成的危害。这些被称为微塑料和纳米塑料的材料可以通过空气或食物或饮料进入人体)”结合下文对这项科学研究的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于微塑料和纳米塑料在人体内积累可能带来的危害的研究，这些危害包括增加中风、心脏病发作或死亡的风险，A选项“微小的塑料材料——对我们的身体有害吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【知识点】科普知识、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】24．B
25．C
26．C
27．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，睡眠中的身体在睡觉时会对外部世界作出反应。
【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They discovered ... which did not have the same effect.”可知，平静的话语会减少心脏活动，这反映了更深的睡眠。由此可知，睡眠中的身体对平静的话语有积极的反应。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They focused ... while sleeping.”可知，这项新研究关注的重点是心脏活动。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Markers of cardiac and brain activity ... by auditory information.”可知，将这些标志物进行比较，是为了研究声音输入对睡眠的影响。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By investigating cardiac reactions ... memories while sleeping.”可知，作者认为通过研究心脏对噪声的反应，可能能够在未来研究声音影响睡眠时记忆情绪处理的方式与身体的关系。由此可推知，作者对新研究的态度是支持、赞成的。故选D。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、社会、科普知识、细节理解
【答案】28．B
29．A
30．A
31．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的野生动物跨线桥开始建造，并介绍了它的设计特点以及建筑意义。
【解析】28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc… for night-time animals as they go across.可知，建这座跨线桥的目的是帮助动物过高速公路。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon.Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project可知，普拉特为这个项目努力了十年，她感觉自己像在跑马拉松一样。由此可推知，她认为该项目是一个漫长的过程。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，负责该项目的建筑设计师罗伯特·罗克认为，这座桥创造了新的世界纪录，相比于传统的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道而言，这座桥与自然融为一体。由此可推断，作者提到罗伯特·罗克是想强调这座跨线桥的设计在众多相似的建筑物中十分突出。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature和 “I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.” 可知，普拉特认为这座跨线桥能够作为人与自然和谐共处的典范，让更多人认识到爱护自然的重要性。故选C项。
【长难句分析】
句意：主导这项设计的景观建筑师罗伯特·罗克说，这种以自然为中心的建筑类型与世界上其他通常由水泥和钢铁建造的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道不同。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．E 35．B 36．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】32．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
33．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
34．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
35．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
36．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语
【答案】37．consists of 38．getting involved in 39． in turn 40． in charge of 41．subscribe to
【解析】37．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：常规早餐包括大豆、一个鸡蛋、一碗粥、玉米、一个红薯、肉和两种水果。根据汉语提示“由……组成”可知，此处使用固定短语consist of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A regular breakfast，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。根据汉语提示“参加”可知，此处使用固定短语get involved in，作主语，应用动名词形式。故填getting involved in。
39．考查固定短语：请依次到前面来取书。根据汉语提示“轮流”可知，此处使用固定短语in turn。故填in turn。
40．考查固定短语。句意：经理不在了，他们正在讨论谁应该负责销售团队。根据汉语提示“主管”可知，此处使用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。
41．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。根据汉语提示“赞成”可知，此处使用固定短语subscribe to，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribed to。
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析
【答案】42．Thanks to
43．subscribes to
44．once and for all
【知识点】从属连词、动词短语、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】45．subscribes to
46．once and for all.
47．Thanks to
48．have attended to
49．Suspected of
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析
【答案】
50．concepts 51．amusement 52．employer 53．fame 54．essential 55．composers 56．impressed 57．rarely 58．enthusiastic 59．endurance 60．guarantee 61．pace 62．lection 63．blessing 64．appreciative
【解析】50．考查名词。句意：理解这些基本的数学概念对解决问题很重要。这里表示数学的“概念”，本空用名词concept“概念”，根据空前的these可知，用复数形式，作understand的宾语。故填concepts。
51．考查名词。句意：我弹钢琴不是为了奖品，只是为了自娱自乐。根据play the piano可知，本空表示“娱乐”，用名词amusement，作for的宾语，one’s own amusement“个人娱乐，自娱自乐”。故填amusement。
52．考查名词。句意：一个好的雇主尊重员工，确保他们能够发挥自己的潜力。本空用employer“雇主”，指代公司或组织中负责雇佣员工的一方，根据空前的A可知，用单数形式，作主语。故填employer。
53．考查名词。句意：桂林以其美丽的风景闻名于世，吸引了大量游客。表示桂林的知名度，本空意为“名声，声誉”，本空用名词fame，作enjoys的宾语。故填fame。
54．考查形容词。句意：众所周知，水和阳光对植物的生长是必不可少的。这里指对植物生长必不可少的因素，本空表示“本质的，必不可少的”，用形容词essential，作表语。故填essential。
55．考查名词的数。句意：冼星海是中国当代音乐史上最著名的作曲家之一。本空意为“作曲家”，用名词composer，根据one of the most famous可知，用复数形式。故填composers。
56．考查动词。句意：高中第一天，英语老师唱了一首英文歌，给我留下了深刻的印象。表示某人的行为给他人留下了深刻的印象，本空用动词impressed“给……留下深刻印象”，根据On the first day of my senior high school可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填impressed。
57．考查副词。句意：她总是很忙，很少有机会像其他人那样放松享受生活。本空表示频率低，意为“很少”，用副词rarely，作状语，修饰gets。故填rarely。
58．考查形容词。句意：看到没有人对这次旅行表现出热情，我们决定取消它。表示对某事有兴趣或热情的态度，本空用enthusiastic“热情的”，作表语。故填enthusiastic。
59．考查名词。句意：这项运动有益于健康，将增强力量和耐力。本空指持续进行某项活动的能力，用endurance“耐力”，作will improve的宾语。故填endurance。
60．考查动词。句意：我们保证平等对待所有客户，为客户提供相同的工作质量和标准服务。本空表示承诺或担保，用guarantee“保证”，根据空后的and provide可知，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语为We，谓语用动词原形。故填guarantee。
61．考查名词。句意：有些人认为在线学生可以按照自己的节奏学习，往往比传统学生更快完成学业。本空指个人学习的速度，用pace“速度，节奏”，作at的宾语。故填pace。
62．考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，他在学生会主席选举中获胜。本空表示“选举”，用election，作in的宾语。故填election。
63．考查名词。句意：幸好我摔倒的时候没人看见，不然我会很尴尬的。本空“祝福，好事”，用blessing，作表语。故填blessing。
64．考查形容词。句意：他对同事在他生病期间的支持非常感激。本空表示“感激的”，用grateful，作表语，表示对他人帮助的感谢。故填appreciative。
【知识点】should、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、现在分词作定语、现在分词的一般式：doing、现在分词表主动意义、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】65．were to blame 66．occupied with 67．consisting of 68． keep free of 69．Being exposed to
【解析】65．考查固定短语。句意：一些社交应用公司应该受到指责，因为他们没有检查用户的注册。根据“because they didn’t check their users’ registration”以及句意“受到指责”可知应填be to blame，根据后文didn’t可知为一般过去时，主语为companies，谓语用复数。故填were to blame。
66．考查固定短语。句意：她忙于研究工作，不能把大部分业余时间花在孩子们身上。根据“she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children”以及句意“忙于”可知应填be occupied with，此处为过去分词作状语。故填occupied with。
67．考查固定短语。句意：一个由专家和医务人员组成的医疗队在地震发生后不久就到达了现场。根据“experts and medical staff”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist of，分析句子结构可知与逻辑主语A medical team构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting of。
68．考查固定短语。句意：为了保持健康，建议我们远离烟酒。根据“tobacco and alcohol”以及句意“远离”可知应填keep…free of，此处为虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填①keep；②free of。
69．考查固定短语。句意：暴露在强烈的阳光下会伤害你的皮肤。根据“strong sunlight”以及句意“暴露”可知应填be exposed to，作主语应用动名词形式。故填Being exposed to。
五、单句
【知识点】表语从句
70．【答案】when
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你对手机上瘾，那就是你应该放下它并参与有意义的活动的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处应为表语从句引导词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when。故填when。
【知识点】表语从句
71．【答案】where
【详解】句意为：在一家简单的餐馆里，他通常吃同样的饭，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少主语和宾语；根据前文的A simple restaurant可知，应用连接副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。
【知识点】过去分词表被动意义
72．【答案】repaired
【详解】句意为:看到被人修过的洗衣机又出毛病了,布朗夫人很失望。have sth done 意为“让某事被做”。故填repaired。
【知识点】表语从句
73．【答案】that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying
【知识点】动名词作定语、动名词的被动式
74．【答案】being discussed
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、邀请、邀请信
75．【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite your school to take part in our school’s upcoming Dragon Boat Race from May 25th to 30th on the Pearl River in Shamian, Guangzhou.
The event is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop closer ties and to promote cultural exchange.The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused. It will provide students the chance to learn from each other, improve their boating skills and promote friendship.
We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part. We’d appreciate hearing from you before April 15th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
〖导语〗
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据提示内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ attend
纪念：commemorate→ in memory of
收到来信：hear from→ get letters
优秀的：outstanding→ excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is chairman of the Student Union.
【点睛】
〖高分句型1〗The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
〖高分句型2〗We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元能力提高综合练习5【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 1 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 2 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 3 . As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 4 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 5 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 6 a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 7 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 8 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 9 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related 10 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 11 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 12 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 13 a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 14 , the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 15 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
1．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means
2．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed
3．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories
4．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing
5．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally
6．A．taken by B．set for C．limited to D．listed on
7．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions
8．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial
9．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering
10．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing
11．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention
12．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere
13．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce
14．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed
15．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
Recently，researchers have revealed details on several tiniest robots they have created.Small enough to sit on the side of a penny，the robots can be controlled by a laser(激光)．The tiniest is shaped like a crab(螃蟹) and is just half a millimeter wide.The robots don’t have any power of their own.Instead，they can be controlled from a distance by using lasers.The researchers say the robot is designed a bit like a 3-D pop-up book.The basic shape for the crab is flat.The flat shape is then attached to a rubbery material that’s stretched out.When the rubbery material is allowed to relax，the robot pops up into a standing crab.
This mixture of layers is the secret to the crab’s movement.The different layers give the material two positions in which it can be.When the hard glass layer is softened，the rubbery layer bends the material.But when the hard layer hardens again，it turns back to its old position.The scientists call this “shape-memory”．The trick of getting the hard glass layer to soften is to warm it up with a laser.Because the robots are so tiny，their parts heat up and cool down very quickly.By warming up different parts of the robots，scientists can make them move in different ways.The researchers say their robots can climb，walk，turn，and even jump.
The robots aren’t super speedy.But given their tiny size，they’re also not too slow.It takes the crabs about 20 seconds to cover 1 centimeter.
Right now the robots aren’t all that useful.All they can do is move，and they need to be in a place where lasers can shine on them to do that.But scientists say that one day tiny robots like these might be able to work in very small spaces.It’s possible that they could build very tiny machines，or perhaps even travel inside the human body to help deal with medical problems.
16．What do we know about the tiniest robots
A．They are produced by 3-D printing.
B．They have the size of a penny.
C．They can be remotely controlled.
D．They need no energy to move.
17．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2
A．Provide information about rubbery materials.
B．Analyze the working process of laser.
C．Introduce the concept of shape-memory.
D．Explain the way to make the robot move.
18．What should be improved about the tiniest robots
A．Their use.
B．Their apps.
C．Their power storage.
D．Their moving directions.
19．What is the best title for the passage
A．Robots Without Energy Consumption
B．World’s Tiniest Remote-control Robots
C．Flexible Tiniest Robots in Our Body
D．Crab-like Robots for the Future
C
“We are what we eat”—or so the saying goes.From high-calorie meals to low-fat lunches,much of our health depends on what we eat.We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.
Some people are now advocating the therapeutic(治疗的)value of cooking food.It’s not just about the end result but the experience someone goes through.
TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.She loves to bake and became the champion of the TV show,The Great British Bake Off.She says that “Baking’s always been about therapy.It’s never really been about the cake.” And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.
Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.People have said that kneading dough(面团) to make bread,for example,has given them a sense of calm and control.Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.
Nicole Farmer,who studies how food impacts our biology,behavior and mental health,told BBC online that “cooking represents the shared human experience of food,and nurturing people through food,so I think that’s where it integrates opportunity into immediate positive emotions”.
Of course,cooking can be a very sociable activity and sharing the end result,a rewarding experience.Hopefully,as we start to mix with friends and family again,we can enjoy the benefits once more and put us all in the right frame of mind.
20．What does the underlined word “well-being” mean in the first paragraph
A．Happiness. B．Recovery.
C．Preference. D．Influence.
21．Why does the author mention “TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain” in Paragraph 3
A．To explain a regulation.
B．To support a viewpoint.
C．To present a fact.
D．To make a prediction.
22．How does cooking do good to people during the boring time
A．By creating delicious food.
B．By offering a sense of quietness.
C．By impressing human experience of food.
D．By drawing one’s attention to be occupied.
23．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．We Are What We Eat
B．How Food Affects Our Behavior
C．Cooking Benefits Mental Health
D．Cooking Helps Connect Friends and Family
Imagine driving down a 10-lane highway and knowing that, high above your head, a mountain lion is quietly going along its way. This remarkable image could soon be the reality for drivers on one of California's busiest roads, as the world's largest wildlife overpass （跨线桥） begins construction in April.
The history-making project will comprise a green bridge built across the 101 highway near Los Angeles, creating a passage between two parts of the Santa Monica Mountains. The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc with an acre of local plants on either side and vegetated sound walls to dampen light and noise for night-time animals as they go across.
The project, nearly a decade in the making, comes at a crucial time. Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon. Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project, persuading transportation officials of its importance, and bringing donors to fund it.
The project is breaking records in many ways: Not only is it the largest crossing in the world, but it's also an engineering wonder. Robert Rock, a landscape architect who led the design, says this nature-centred type of construction makes it unusual among other wildlife bridges and underpasses around the world, which are typically made of cement （水泥） and steel. This one is designed to integrate into the environment on both sides—and send a message to the people driving below.
About 300,000 cars pass through this area each day, and Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature.“Someone could be in rush-hour traffic, and there could be a mountain lion right above them,” she says.“I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.”
24． Why is the overpass built
A．To attract visitors to watch the wildlife.
B．To help animals cross over a highway.
C．To bridge two mountains near Los Angeles.
D．To allow more traffic during rush hours.
25． What does Pratt think of the overpass project
A．It is a long journey.
B．It comes a little late.
C．It has little official support.
D．It has brought economic benefits.
26． What does the author try to stress about the overpass by mentioning Robert Rock
A．It stands out among similar structures.
B．It does harm to the local environment.
C．It has got little attention from engineers.
D．It has inspired the construction of overpasses worldwide.
27． What might Pratt expect of the overpass
A．It'll transform the image of the state.
B．It'll provide pleasant habitats for animals.
C．It'll be a reminder for people to care about nature.
D．It'll create job opportunities for the local people.
C
(2024·浙江丽水高二检测)Researchers from the GIGA Centre of Research Cyclotron at the University of Liège have discovered that the sleeping body reacts to the external world while sleeping, which explains how some sensory input might influence sleep quality.
Researchers from ULiège worked with the University of Fribourg in Switzerland to study if the body genuinely disconnects from the outside world while sleeping. They focused on how the heartbeat changes when we hear different words while sleeping. They discovered that calming words reduced cardiac(心脏的) activity as a reflection of deeper sleep, in contrast to neutral phrases, which did not have the same effect. This result, reported in the Journal of Sleep Research, throws fresh light on brain heart interactions during sleep.
A previous study analysing brain data showed that relaxing words increased deep sleep duration and sleep quality, showing that we can positively influence sleep using meaningful words. By that time, the authors reasoned that the brain might still process sensory input in a way that made our bodies feel more relaxed after hearing soothing phrases while sleeping.
In this new study, the authors were able to measure cardiac activity to test this idea and discovered that the heart slows down only after the display of calming phrases. Markers of cardiac and brain activity were then compared to understand how much they contributed to the modulation(演变) of sleep by auditory information. Cardiac activity has been indeed proposed to contribute to the way we perceive the world directly, but such evidence has so far been obtained in wakefulness. With these results, the ULiège researchers showed that it was also true in sleep, offering a new perspective on the essential role of bodily reactions beyond brain data for our understanding of sleep.
“Most of sleep research focuses on the brain and rarely investigates bodily activity，” says Dr Schmidt. This study takes a more complete approach to the modulation of sleep functions by sensory information. By investigating cardiac reactions to noises, we may be able to research in the future the involvement of the body in the way sounds influence emotional processing of memories while sleeping.
28．What can we learn about the sleeping body from the first two paragraphs
A．It disconnects from the outside world.
B．It reacts positively to calming words.
C．It makes no response to neutral words.
D．It suffers the changes of the heartbeat.
29．What did the new study focus on
A．Unpleasant noise.
B．The modulation of sleep.
C．Cardiac activity.
D．The function of the brain.
30．Why were the markers compared
A．To understand the world directly.
B．To obtain information in wakefulness.
C．To study the impact of sensory input on sleep.
D．To test the accuracy of auditory information.
31．What is the author's attitude towards the new study
A．Unclear.
B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050，almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9．1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 1
Vertical farms，where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers，could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs，experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.
2
Vertical farms would have many advantages，experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming，vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land，nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 3
These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather－related problems like drought or flooding. In addition，the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
4 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day，it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 5 They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs，both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small－scale answer，but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A．Still，there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B．That is where vertical farms are often needed for year－round crops.
C．So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D．For these reasons，natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E．Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F．Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G．They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
subscribe to get involved in in turn insist on consist of in charge of
32．A regular breakfast (由……组成) soybeans, an egg, a bowl of porridge, corn, a sweet potato, meat and two kinds of fruit.
33．After all (参加) various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock.
34．Please come to the front (轮流) to collect your books.
35．With the manager gone, they are discussing who should be put (主管) the sales team.
36．All scientists (赞成) the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
suspect..of, once and for all,thanks to, attend to, subscribe to
37．He my idea that reading more books can enrich our knowledge.
38．Please give me some advice so that I can solve the problem .
39． your suggestions，I could achieve my goal so smoothly.
40．So far I all the matters，and as a result，I can go on a trip to relax myself.
41． stealing my roommate’s watch，I was on the verge of crying.
根据句子意义选择适合该句的单词，并根据语境和运用构词法知识用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。其中有一个单词多余。
amuse employ rare essence impress endure guarantee appreciate bless enthusiasm elect concept famous compose pace permanent
42．It is important for you to understand these basic maths to solve the problem.
43．I play the piano not for any prize but just for my own
44．A good respects the workers and ensures that they can realize their potential.
45．Guilin enjoys worldwide for its beautiful scenery and attracts a large number of tourists.
46．It is widely known that water and sunshine are to the growth of plants.
47．Xian Xinghai is one of the most famous in the Chinese contemporary music history.
48．On the first day of my senior high school, my English teacher sang an English song, which me deeply.
49．She is always busy, gets a chance to let her hair down and enjoy life like others do.
50．Seeing that nobody was about the trip, we decided to cancel it.
51．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and .
52．We to treat all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same working quality and service standard.
53．Some people think online students are able to study at their own and often finish faster than traditional students.
54．Surprisingly, he had a win in the of the president of the students’ union.
55．It’s a that nobody saw me when I fell down or I would be very embarrassed.
56．He was very of his colleagues’ support during his illness.
选词填空
be exposed to; consist of; subscribe to; keep… free of; be occupied with; be to blame; break down
57．Some social app companies because they didn’t check their users’ registration.
58．Fully the research work, she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children.
59．A medical team experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.
60．To stay healthy, it is suggested that we ourselves tobacco and alcohol.
61． strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．revealing B．approved of C．vary in D．adjusted to E. digest F. defend G. solid
62．They need time to this information.
63．These cars size, price, colour and so on.
64．Cheating in exams will never be in school.
65．This kind of desk can be the height you need.
66．He still tries to his theory, although it has been proved wrong.
67．This provided a foundation for their marriage.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
68．All the （suspect）were arrested yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By the time Helen Keller was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was, often unbearable. Her parents got a superb teacher 69 (recommend) to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne, whose technique was simple and straightforward, put an object into Helen’s hand and spelt out the word on her other hand. The precious knowledge Anne 70 (teach) Helen gave her hope and joy. As Helen grasped the key to language, she discovered more complex words and eventually understood them.
71．在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Peter, as well as his ______（assist）, Lily, was performing a chemical experiment yesterday afternoon, but I don't know whether they have finished it.
72．The topic ____________________ (discuss)now has drawn some experts’ attention.
73．Although some people think this makes porridge boring，I think this is makes porridge exciting!
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
74．假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据以下内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信:
1.写信目的;
2.活动时间、地点和意义;
3.回复时间:4月15日前。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、社会、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B. returns返回；C. aims旨在；D. means意味着。根据后文“to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. abandoned抛弃；B. delayed延误；C. established建立；D. assumed假设。根据后文“because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A. films电影；B. faces脸；C. issues问题；D. stories故事。呼应上文“the interest of celebrity”指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C. exploring探索；D. developing开发，发展。根据上文“from advertising for others’ products to”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. taken by突袭；B. set for安排；C. limited to限于；D. listed on列在……上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A. brands品牌；B. trends趋势；C. sales销售；D. editions版本。根据上文“they’re started by first-class stars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通的；B. specific特别的；C. potential有潜力的；D. artificial人造的。根据上文“The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A. promoting促进；B. extending延伸；C. engaging参与；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almost all the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源；B. organization组织；C. release释放；D. intention意图。根据上文“No matter how famous the product’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous持续的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. initial首先的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“attention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D. reduce减少。根据上文“Each misstep threatens to”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B. Thus因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文“the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A. stars明星；B. models模型；C. designers设计师；D. advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】16．C
17．D
18．A
19．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。最近，研究人员透露了他们创造的几个最微小机器人的细节。本文主要介绍了最微小机器人的内部构造、工作原理和发展前景等。
【解析】16．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tiniest is shaped like a crab(螃蟹)．..they can be controlled from a distance by using lasers.”可知，可以远程控制最微小的机器人。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及倒数第二句可知，作者在本段主要解释让机器人移动的方法。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，最微小的机器人需要改进的是它们的用途。故选A。
19．标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句可知，本文主要围绕研究人员最新研制的最微小的遥控机器人展开，介绍了它们的内部构造、工作原理和发展前景等。B项“世界上最微小的遥控机器人”最适合作文章的标题。故选B。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】20．A
21．B
22．D
23．C
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处。
【解析】20．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和第四段最后一句“Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.”可推知,well-being意为“健康,快乐”。
21．写作意图题。根据第三段关键句“TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.”和“And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.”可知,作者提及电视厨师兼作家的目的是支持烹饪有益于心理健康的观点。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.”可知,烹饪能帮助人们在无聊的时间集中注意力去做一件事。
23．标题归纳题。根据文章第一段关键句“We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.”并结合全文内容可知,本文讲述了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处,“Cooking Benefits Mental Health”符合本文主旨,为合适的标题。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、社会、科普知识、细节理解
【答案】24．B
25．A
26．A
27．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的野生动物跨线桥开始建造，并介绍了它的设计特点以及建筑意义。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The overpass will allow safe passage for lizards, snakes, mountain lions, etc… for night-time animals as they go across.可知，建这座跨线桥的目的是帮助动物过高速公路。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Beth Pratt, a conservation leader with the National Wildlife Federation, feels as if she is running the last mile of a marathon.Pratt has spent most of the last decade planning the project可知，普拉特为这个项目努力了十年，她感觉自己像在跑马拉松一样。由此可推知，她认为该项目是一个漫长的过程。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，负责该项目的建筑设计师罗伯特·罗克认为，这座桥创造了新的世界纪录，相比于传统的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道而言，这座桥与自然融为一体。由此可推断，作者提到罗伯特·罗克是想强调这座跨线桥的设计在众多相似的建筑物中十分突出。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Pratt calls it an opportunity for millions of Angelenos to see how humans can live more harmoniously with nature和 “I think that's such a helpful image, and one that inspires me that we can right some of these great wrongs.” 可知，普拉特认为这座跨线桥能够作为人与自然和谐共处的典范，让更多人认识到爱护自然的重要性。故选C项。
【长难句分析】
句意：主导这项设计的景观建筑师罗伯特·罗克说，这种以自然为中心的建筑类型与世界上其他通常由水泥和钢铁建造的供野生动物通过的桥梁和地下通道不同。
【知识点】科普知识、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】28．B
29．C
30．C
31．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，睡眠中的身体在睡觉时会对外部世界作出反应。
【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They discovered ... which did not have the same effect.”可知，平静的话语会减少心脏活动，这反映了更深的睡眠。由此可知，睡眠中的身体对平静的话语有积极的反应。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They focused ... while sleeping.”可知，这项新研究关注的重点是心脏活动。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Markers of cardiac and brain activity ... by auditory information.”可知，将这些标志物进行比较，是为了研究声音输入对睡眠的影响。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By investigating cardiac reactions ... memories while sleeping.”可知，作者认为通过研究心脏对噪声的反应，可能能够在未来研究声音影响睡眠时记忆情绪处理的方式与身体的关系。由此可推知，作者对新研究的态度是支持、赞成的。故选D。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】32．C
33．G
34．F
35．A
36．D
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。
【解析】32．上文“The human population could...will be the same.”表明，人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，故选C。
33．上文“In spite of concerns over...to grow crops.”表明，专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，故选G。
34．上文“Unlike traditional farming，...the use of heavy farming equipment.”表明了垂直农场的优点，F项“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合语境，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。
35．设空处为段落主题句，下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows... as high quality vegetables.”表明了部分人的观点，认为垂直农场的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。
36．上文“The plants closest to the windows would... as high quality vegetables.”表明阳光对植物生长的重要性，下文“They would need additional light sources.它们需要额外的光源。”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，承上启下，故选D。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语
【答案】32．consists of 33．getting involved in 34． in turn 35． in charge of 36．subscribe to
【解析】32．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：常规早餐包括大豆、一个鸡蛋、一碗粥、玉米、一个红薯、肉和两种水果。根据汉语提示“由……组成”可知，此处使用固定短语consist of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A regular breakfast，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。根据汉语提示“参加”可知，此处使用固定短语get involved in，作主语，应用动名词形式。故填getting involved in。
34．考查固定短语：请依次到前面来取书。根据汉语提示“轮流”可知，此处使用固定短语in turn。故填in turn。
35．考查固定短语。句意：经理不在了，他们正在讨论谁应该负责销售团队。根据汉语提示“主管”可知，此处使用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。
36．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。根据汉语提示“赞成”可知，此处使用固定短语subscribe to，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribed to。
【知识点】从属连词、动词短语、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】37．subscribes to
38．once and for all.
39．Thanks to
40．have attended to
41．Suspected of
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析
【答案】
42．concepts 43．amusement 44．employer 45．fame 46．essential 47．composers 48．impressed 49．rarely 50．enthusiastic 51．endurance 52．guarantee 53．pace 54．lection 55．blessing 56．appreciative
【解析】42．考查名词。句意：理解这些基本的数学概念对解决问题很重要。这里表示数学的“概念”，本空用名词concept“概念”，根据空前的these可知，用复数形式，作understand的宾语。故填concepts。
43．考查名词。句意：我弹钢琴不是为了奖品，只是为了自娱自乐。根据play the piano可知，本空表示“娱乐”，用名词amusement，作for的宾语，one’s own amusement“个人娱乐，自娱自乐”。故填amusement。
44．考查名词。句意：一个好的雇主尊重员工，确保他们能够发挥自己的潜力。本空用employer“雇主”，指代公司或组织中负责雇佣员工的一方，根据空前的A可知，用单数形式，作主语。故填employer。
45．考查名词。句意：桂林以其美丽的风景闻名于世，吸引了大量游客。表示桂林的知名度，本空意为“名声，声誉”，本空用名词fame，作enjoys的宾语。故填fame。
46．考查形容词。句意：众所周知，水和阳光对植物的生长是必不可少的。这里指对植物生长必不可少的因素，本空表示“本质的，必不可少的”，用形容词essential，作表语。故填essential。
47．考查名词的数。句意：冼星海是中国当代音乐史上最著名的作曲家之一。本空意为“作曲家”，用名词composer，根据one of the most famous可知，用复数形式。故填composers。
48．考查动词。句意：高中第一天，英语老师唱了一首英文歌，给我留下了深刻的印象。表示某人的行为给他人留下了深刻的印象，本空用动词impressed“给……留下深刻印象”，根据On the first day of my senior high school可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填impressed。
49．考查副词。句意：她总是很忙，很少有机会像其他人那样放松享受生活。本空表示频率低，意为“很少”，用副词rarely，作状语，修饰gets。故填rarely。
50．考查形容词。句意：看到没有人对这次旅行表现出热情，我们决定取消它。表示对某事有兴趣或热情的态度，本空用enthusiastic“热情的”，作表语。故填enthusiastic。
51．考查名词。句意：这项运动有益于健康，将增强力量和耐力。本空指持续进行某项活动的能力，用endurance“耐力”，作will improve的宾语。故填endurance。
52．考查动词。句意：我们保证平等对待所有客户，为客户提供相同的工作质量和标准服务。本空表示承诺或担保，用guarantee“保证”，根据空后的and provide可知，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语为We，谓语用动词原形。故填guarantee。
53．考查名词。句意：有些人认为在线学生可以按照自己的节奏学习，往往比传统学生更快完成学业。本空指个人学习的速度，用pace“速度，节奏”，作at的宾语。故填pace。
54．考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，他在学生会主席选举中获胜。本空表示“选举”，用election，作in的宾语。故填election。
55．考查名词。句意：幸好我摔倒的时候没人看见，不然我会很尴尬的。本空“祝福，好事”，用blessing，作表语。故填blessing。
56．考查形容词。句意：他对同事在他生病期间的支持非常感激。本空表示“感激的”，用grateful，作表语，表示对他人帮助的感谢。故填appreciative。
【知识点】should、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、现在分词作定语、现在分词的一般式：doing、现在分词表主动意义、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】57．were to blame 58．occupied with 59．consisting of 60． keep free of 61．Being exposed to
【解析】57．考查固定短语。句意：一些社交应用公司应该受到指责，因为他们没有检查用户的注册。根据“because they didn’t check their users’ registration”以及句意“受到指责”可知应填be to blame，根据后文didn’t可知为一般过去时，主语为companies，谓语用复数。故填were to blame。
58．考查固定短语。句意：她忙于研究工作，不能把大部分业余时间花在孩子们身上。根据“she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children”以及句意“忙于”可知应填be occupied with，此处为过去分词作状语。故填occupied with。
59．考查固定短语。句意：一个由专家和医务人员组成的医疗队在地震发生后不久就到达了现场。根据“experts and medical staff”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist of，分析句子结构可知与逻辑主语A medical team构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting of。
60．考查固定短语。句意：为了保持健康，建议我们远离烟酒。根据“tobacco and alcohol”以及句意“远离”可知应填keep…free of，此处为虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填①keep；②free of。
61．考查固定短语。句意：暴露在强烈的阳光下会伤害你的皮肤。根据“strong sunlight”以及句意“暴露”可知应填be exposed to，作主语应用动名词形式。故填Being exposed to。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、一般现在时、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词(短语)的辨析、含情态动词的被动语态、形容词作定语、形容词的基本形式
【答案】
62．E
63．C
64．B
65．D
66．F
67．G
【详解】
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要时间来消化这一信息。根据句意“消化”可知，动词digest符合题意，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选E。
63．考查动词短语和时态。句意：这些汽车在大小、价格、颜色等方面各不相同。根据句意“在……方面不同”可知，动词短语vary in符合题意，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为cars，谓语动词用原形。故选C。
64．考查动词时态语态。句意：学校是不允许考试作弊行为的。根据句意“同意”可知，动词短语approve of符合题意，主语Cheating in exams和approve of为被动关系，结合空前的“will”可知，此处为一般将来时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词形式。故选B。
65．考查被动语态。句意：这种桌子可以调整到你需要的高度。根据句意“调整”可知，动词短语adjust to符合题意，主语This kind of desk和adjust to为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合空前的“can be”可知，应填过去分词。故选D。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他的理论已被证明是错误的，但他仍试图为它辩护。根据句意“为……辩护”可知，动词defend符合题意，try to do sth.为固定用法，意为“试图做某事”，空处需填动词原形。故选F。
67．考查形容词。句意：这为他们的婚姻奠定了坚实的基础。根据句意“坚实的”和空后的名词foundation可知，应填形容词solid作定语。故选G。
五、单句
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、名词作主语
68．【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词和主谓一致。句意：所有的嫌疑犯昨天下午都被逮捕了。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作主语；根据谓语动词“were arrested”可知，主语应为复数形式；suspect可作名词，意为“嫌疑犯”，符合句意。故填suspects。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、著名人物、记叙文、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】69．recommended 70．taught/had taught
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述海伦 凯勒七岁时的状况及老师安妮 沙利文对她的帮助。
【详解】69．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父母得到了一位推荐给他们的优秀老师，一位名叫安妮 沙利文的女士。空格处作后置定语修饰teacher，使用非谓语动词，teacher与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recommended。
70．考查动词时态。句意：安妮教给海伦的宝贵知识给了她希望和快乐。此处可理解为本句表示的是过去某个时间发生的动作，用一般过去时；也可理解为“教知识”这一动作在“给予希望和快乐”之前已完成，用过去完成时had taught，两种时态均符合语境。故填taught/had taught。
【知识点】名词的数
71．【答案】assistant
【解析】句意为：彼得和他的助手莉莉昨天下午在做一个化学实验，但我不知道他们是否做完了。设空处前有his修饰，应填名词，意为 “助手”，再由后面的同位语可知应用单数，故填assistant。
【知识点】动名词作定语、动名词的被动式
72．【答案】being discussed
【知识点】表语从句
73．【答案】what
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、邀请、邀请信
74．【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite your school to take part in our school’s upcoming Dragon Boat Race from May 25th to 30th on the Pearl River in Shamian, Guangzhou.
The event is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop closer ties and to promote cultural exchange.The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused. It will provide students the chance to learn from each other, improve their boating skills and promote friendship.
We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part. We’d appreciate hearing from you before April 15th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
〖导语〗
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你是学生会主席。你校将于5月25日至30日在广州沙面举行龙舟赛(Dragon Boat Race)。请根据提示内容给姐妹学校剑桥中学(Cambridge High School)写一封邀请信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ attend
纪念：commemorate→ in memory of
收到来信：hear from→ get letters
优秀的：outstanding→ excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is chairman of the Student Union.
【点睛】
〖高分句型1〗The annual Dragon Boat Festival is one of China’s most important cultural events, commemorating the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being accused.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
〖高分句型2〗We know that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team and would love you to take part.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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