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2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元能力提高综合练习1【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
My career as a chef started at the age of 25，but my 1 for cooking started at an early age，when I was about 5 years old—by watching my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen 2 daily meals for the family.I was also 3 by going with my grandfather to markets to 4 the freshest ingredients.My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing “the 5 ”．
Growing up in Morocco，I witnessed the most amazing hospitality and 5 through my grandparents.They opened their 6 to everybody，and fed and sheltered the poor，travelers，family and friends.
I remember as a young kid coming home from school to the 7 of fragrant(芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven.Those smells stimulated(刺激) my senses at a young age.The 8 were fresh and seasonal—they were very simple dishes but delightfully 10 .
Food is almost as 9 as it is necessary.Food makes people feel things.I really think that food tastes its best when there is a 10 behind it.It shapes cultures，religion，politics and health.Food brings people together，and goes straight to the 13 .
In my kitchen，I try to duplicate(复制) smells and flavors that make me think about more than what I’m actually smelling or 14 —my life，my family，and my history.I love to cook food that 11 people’s emotions and memories；my philosophy is to “keep food real and simple”．
1．A．talent B．passion C．explanation D．expectation
2．A．changing B．ordering C．preparing D．searching
3．A．inspired B．bothered C．honored D．amused
4．A．ask about B．experiment with C．learn of D．shop for
5．A．biggest B．best C．cleanest D．cheapest
6．A．wisdom B．honesty C．success D．generosity
7．A．offices B．houses C．restaurants D．hotels
8．A．art B．signs C．creation D．smells
9．A．fruits B．vegetables C．ingredients D．goods
10．A．delicious B．useful C．organic D．convenient
11．A．nutritious B．sufficient C．emotional D．suitable
12．A．reason B．purpose C．cook D．story
13．A．kitchen B．heart C．source D．point
14．A．tasting B．chewing C．touching D．seeing
15．A．holds up B．drives away C．stirs up D．depends on
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
D
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion(时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺) in the New Year.In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake，which signifies(预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role.In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
12．According to the passage，sharing bread .
A．indicates a lack of food
B．can help to develop unity
C．is a custom unique to rural areas
D．has its roots in birthday celebrations
13．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year
A．Trust. B．Success.
C．Health. D．Togetherness.
14．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by .
A．using examples
B．making comparisons
C．analyzing causes
D．describing processes
15．What is the passage mainly about
A．The custom of sharing food.
B．The specific meaning of food.
C．The role of food in ceremonies.
D．The importance of food in culture.
Very few people enjoy going to the dentist, especially for a filling. Often fillings need to be replaced during the patients' lifetime. But is filling the cavity (蛀牙洞) with a foreign material really the best treatment What if the tooth could repair itself with its own material—dentine (牙质) Researchers at King's College London have found a process that may replace the traditional method.
Paul Sharpe of King's College London says a new treatment for cavities is simpler. It uses a drug that causes the tooth to fill in the hole naturally with dentine. “It involves putting a drug in the hole. It excites a natural process, which starts to occur anyway following the damage, so you can actually get the big hole repaired and the repair is the production of the natural material, the dentine.”
Usually a new drug requires repeated testing before it is approved for treatment. However, this drug that produces the regrowth material in teeth has already been approved. It is a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of the nervous system. Researchers explain that they use only a small amount and they use it locally. Usually that means the medicine is put directly on the affected area. It does not travel through the patient's blood.
Nigel Carter heads Britain's Oral Health Foundation. He describes the new treatment as an exciting possibility for dental care. But Carter also has a warning, “Actually regrowing the tooth that has been lost with a cavity would be really a huge step forward. But it's also important that we remember that we shouldn't be getting the cavity in the first place. We're talking about a totally preventable disease.”
16．When it comes to the dental treatment, researchers at King's College London focus on ．
A．why the cavity must be filled
B．what skills dentists should learn
C．when people have to see a dentist
D．how the tooth can repair itself
17．The advantage of the new treatment for cavities mostly lies in ．
A．the full use of a new drug
B．the natural process of tooth repair
C．the good quality of filling material
D．the practical way of finding the damage early
18．What do we know about the drug used for the new dental treatment
A．It has little effect on Alzheimer's disease.
B．It is being tested before it gets final approval.
C．It has been put to use for treating other diseases.
D．It travels through the patients' blood and has side effects.
19．Which of the following would Nigel Carter most probably agree with
A．Taking good care of teeth in daily life is the first choice.
B．When you find the cavity, it is unnecessary to get it filled.
C．Taking exercise is the best way to prevent dental disease.
D．When you find a damaged tooth, you'd better repair it.
“Snap, snap”, went Emily’s phone as she took a photo of her avocado toast for breakfast. Then, she posted it on Instagram, a popular social photo-sharing app. Emily is one of the millions of millennials — those born between the years 1981 and 1996 – in the West who are in love with avocados.
So why is the avocado, a green-colored fruit with a rough black outer shell originating from Mexico, loved so much by millennials
At the start of the last century in the US, avocados weren’t popular. But this changed thanks to good marketing. Firstly, their name was changed from “alligator pear” to the nicer-sounding “avocado”. Then in the 1990s, at the Super Bowl – the US’ famous annual sports event watched by tens of millions on TV – a Mexican sauce made with avocados called guacamole was advertized. After this, avocados’ popularity soared. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the value of avocados increased by nearly 70 percent between 1988 and the year 2000 in the US.
But it wasn’t until the 2010s, when millennials started the avocado toast trend that it became a fruit celebrity. Avocados, as a superfood rich in nutrients and “good” fats, are perfect for millennials, who are regarded as a health-conscious generation. As reported by USA Today, millennials are more interested in food than previous generations. For them, eating is not just about feeling full; it’s about a lifestyle. They care more about their well-being and eat healthier and more plant-based foods.
Of these foods, avocado toast is the poster child. On a list of the top 25 millennial food trends, ranked avocado toast as number one. Millennials are a social-media- savvy generation. They love sharing their lives online through artistic pictures. The vibrant green-colored avocado spread on toast for breakfast became very Instagrammable. The avocado craze hasn’t stopped with eating. Searching online, you’ll find endless results for avocado-themed items. In 2019, Disney even released a line of avocado-themed merchandise.
Trends always come and go. But the millennials’ avocado trend isn’t showing any signs of disappearing anytime soon.
20．Why does the author mention Emily’s story in paragraph 1
A．To promote a healthy fruit.
B．To show millennials’ love for avocados.
C．To indicate the popularity of Instagram among millennials.
D．To describe a typical lifestyle of millennials.
21．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why avocados weren’t popular. B．Why avocados’ name was changed.
C．How the value of avocados was recognized. D．How avocados became popular.
22．Why do millennials love avocados
A．They taste good with toast. B．They contain almost no fat.
C．They are nutritious and healthy. D．They are a fruit celebrity.
23．What has helped promote avocado on toast
A．Millennials sharing artistic pictures online. B． ranking it as the tastiest food.
C．The commercial value of the avocado. D．The amount of avocado-themed items online.
C
“We are what we eat”—or so the saying goes.From high-calorie meals to low-fat lunches,much of our health depends on what we eat.We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.
Some people are now advocating the therapeutic(治疗的)value of cooking food.It’s not just about the end result but the experience someone goes through.
TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.She loves to bake and became the champion of the TV show,The Great British Bake Off.She says that “Baking’s always been about therapy.It’s never really been about the cake.” And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.
Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.People have said that kneading dough(面团) to make bread,for example,has given them a sense of calm and control.Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.
Nicole Farmer,who studies how food impacts our biology,behavior and mental health,told BBC online that “cooking represents the shared human experience of food,and nurturing people through food,so I think that’s where it integrates opportunity into immediate positive emotions”.
Of course,cooking can be a very sociable activity and sharing the end result,a rewarding experience.Hopefully,as we start to mix with friends and family again,we can enjoy the benefits once more and put us all in the right frame of mind.
24．What does the underlined word “well-being” mean in the first paragraph
A．Happiness. B．Recovery.
C．Preference. D．Influence.
25．Why does the author mention “TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain” in Paragraph 3
A．To explain a regulation.
B．To support a viewpoint.
C．To present a fact.
D．To make a prediction.
26．How does cooking do good to people during the boring time
A．By creating delicious food.
B．By offering a sense of quietness.
C．By impressing human experience of food.
D．By drawing one’s attention to be occupied.
27．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．We Are What We Eat
B．How Food Affects Our Behavior
C．Cooking Benefits Mental Health
D．Cooking Helps Connect Friends and Family
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Microgreen Farming
Microgreens have been used in cooking since the 1980s. 28 Chefs now realize they also add flavor and visual appeal when included in all types of dishes and recipes.
As with most vegetables, it all starts with seeds. But instead of allowing the plant to grow to its full potential, microgreens are created when the plant is harvested shortly after it starts to grow. The result is a strong flavor and an ingredient that packs a variety of nutrients and health benefits in a tiny, delicious package. The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry states that microgreens have increased levels of vitamins E, C and K. 29
One of the most significant benefits of using microgreens in dishes is that they provide an intense experience that will improve the overall flavor of any dish. Many chefs use them to add depth of flavor and to create complex flavor. Another benefit of microgreens is the convenience factor — they are incredibly easy to cook with! 30 You just put them onto your meals such as soups, sandwiches, salads, etc. Microgreens are the ultimate healthy convenience food!
31 It is usually ready for harvest in only 6-7 days and offers a spicy radish taste. The result is a dish that not only tastes wonderful but offers a visual appeal that satisfies the eyes and is incredibly nutritious!
Traditional plants require an extended amount of time and large amounts of land. 32 They require very little physical effort and are ready for harvest in as little as one week. In addition, growing microgreens doesn’t require a lot of space, and is typically done indoors with a vertical setup. So why not give it a shot
【选项】
A．Microgreens, on the other hand, are easy!
C．There is no prep and cutting work as with most vegetables.
D．They have as much as 40 times more nutrients than a mature plant.
E．One popular form of microgreens is a mix of purple and green radish.
F．Some beginners like to start with a familiar plant, such as radish, cabbage, or peas.
G．Mature traditional vegetables are generally harvested 2 to 4 months after they are planted.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
33．用that is（to say）, such as, for example填空
【小题58】I borrowed 100 yuan from him yesterday. , I owed 100 yuan to him.
【小题59】We are required to learn quite a few subjects, maths, Chinese, English and physics.
【小题60】What would you do if you met a wild animal, a tiger,
prior to,consist of, slice...of, junk food
34．Some pork was just now by the chef to cook a delicious dish.
35．If you want to keep physically healthy，you should avoid .
36．It is of great importance to enrich the soil planting.
37．The book I bought just now in the bookstore five chapters.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
38． ，the depressing outcome indicated that we didn’t use a logical way to solve the problem.
39． coming to China，I didn’t know much about Chinese cuisine.
40．In doing translation，we shouldn’t transform the meaning of the original to .
41．During the Spring Festival，we Chinese will be engaged in .
42．The old soldier his experience during the Long March at the party yesterday.
be fundamental to,play tricks on, be associated with, in large quantities, regardless of
43． my opposition，he still consumed quantities of junk food.
44．We mustn’t the disabled，because everyone is born equal.
45．Fresh air good health，so we should protect the environment.
46．They need lots of cotton.In other words，they will buy cotton .
47．A healthy life is frequently thought to the open countryside and home-grown food.
lose one’s temper,slice off,consist of,prior to, to the point
48．No one can deny the fact that a healthy diet should whole food.
49．These reasonable suggestions the advisor put forward at yesterday’s meeting were .
50．Learning that his mother didn’t side with him，he .
51．You should order a double room your departure.
52．Lay the pineapple on a flat surface，cut off the top， the bottom and cut off the sides.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
53．I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing (happen).
54．I wish we (hire)someone else at that time.
55．Generally speaking，students’ academic performances are consistent their efforts.
56．After peaking in 2019, the museum’s visitor numbers (decline) to pre-2015 levels by 2023, according to the annual report. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57．Last time I saw him, he (promote) to senior manager. （所给词的适当形式填空）
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
58．假如你是晨光中学学生会主席李津。随着外卖行业的普及，你看到身边的好多同学都用外卖代替正餐。你觉得这不是个好习惯。请你结合以下要点，为校英文广播站撰稿：
（1）常吃外卖的危害；
（2）提出健康饮食的建议；
（3）发出倡议。
注意：（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可以适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：外卖takeaway
Dear fellow students,
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参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、夹叙夹议、形容词的词义辨析、饮食
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．A
4．D
5．B
6．D
7．B
8．D
9．C
10．A
11．C
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．C
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者受家人的熏陶，对烹饪充满热情，他作为厨师的烹饪理念就是要保持食物的真实与简单。
【解析】1．根据第一段我跟着祖父去购买最新鲜的食材以及作者自己是厨师可知，“我”对烹饪的“热爱(passion)”从小就开始了。故选B。
2．由该空前的“my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen”和该空后的“daily meals for the family”，再结合常识可知，祖母和妈妈在厨房里为一家人“准备(preparing)”一日三餐。故选C。
3．由该空后的“going with my grandfather to markets”和“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”也受到了和祖父一起去市场购买最新鲜食材的“启发(inspired)”。故选A。
4．由该空前的markets和该空后的“the freshest ingredients”以及“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”和祖父去市场“选购(shop for)”最新鲜的食材。故选D。
5．由上文中的“the freshest ingredients”可知，此处是指祖父教“我”如何挑选和辨认“最好的(best)”食材。故选B。
6．由下文中的“fed and sheltered the poor，travelers，family and friends”可知，“我”通过祖父母见证了最令人惊叹的好客和“慷慨(generosity)”。故选D。
7．由该空后的“sheltered the poor...friends”可知，此处是指祖父母把“房子(houses)”向所有人开放。故选B。
8．由该空后的“fragrant(芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven”及下文中的“Those smells stimulated(刺激) my senses”可知，“我”从学校回到家就能闻到芳香的刚出炉的新鲜面包的“味道(smells)”。故选D。
9．上文中的“the freshest ingredients”提示本空，“原料(ingredients)”都是新鲜的、当季的。故选C。
10．由本段中的fragrant和delightfully可推知，此处是指这些菜肴很简单，但“美味可口(delicious)”。故选A。
11．由该段中的“Food makes people feel things.”和“Food brings people together...”以及文章最后一句中“food that people’s emotions”可知，食物“能激起人的感情(emotional)”。故选C。
12．由该空前的“Food makes people feel things.”和该空后的“It shapes cultures，religion，politics and health.”可知，“我”认为有“故事(story)”的食物味道最好。故选D。
13．由该空前的“Food brings people together”可知，食物把人们聚在一起，直抵“心灵(heart)”。故选B。
14．由上文中的“smells and flavors”可知，此处指“我”能闻到的气味和“尝到(tasting)”的味道。故选A。
15．hold up支撑；drive away赶走；stir up激起；depend on取决于。由上文的描述可知，作者喜欢烹饪能“激起(stirs up)”人们情感和回忆的食物。故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、文化、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】12．B　13．B　14．A　15．D
【分析】本文是议论文。文章讲述了食物在交际方面起着重要作用，共享食物可以增强人们彼此间的团结与信任，某些特殊食物也是节日的象征。
【详解】12．细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”可知分享面包可以促进团结和信任，故选B。
13．细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“In Greece，people share a special cake...who receives it.”可知放进vasilopita里的硬币对收到它的人来说预示着成功，故选B。
14．写作手法题。在解释食物在庆祝活动中的作用时，作者通过举例介绍了在美国和希腊等国家某些食物代表的意义，故A项正确。
15．文章大意题。全文讲述了分享食物可以增强人与人之间的团结与信任及食物在交际方面和节日中的重大意义。
【知识点】推理判断、方法和策略、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
16．D
17．B
18．C
19．A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种能帮助蛀牙洞自我修复的新疗法。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句What if the tooth could repair itself with its own material—dentine Researchers at King's College London have found a process that may replace the traditional method.可知，伦敦国王学院的研究人员致力于用一种牙齿自我修复的方法来取代传统的补牙治疗。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It uses a drug that causes the tooth to fill in the hole naturally with dentine.可知，新的治疗方法的优势在于它是一个牙齿自然修复的过程。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句However, this drug that produces the regrowth material in teeth has already been approved. It is a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of the nervous system.可知，这种新药早已被批准使用了，并且可以用来治疗阿尔茨海默病和其他神经系统紊乱的疾病。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But it's also important that we remember that we shouldn't be getting the cavity in the first place. We're talking about a totally preventable disease.可知，奈杰尔表示我们要记住的是首先就不应该有蛀牙洞，因为它是完全可以预防的疾病。因此可推断，奈杰尔认为日常生活中保护好牙齿才是第一位的。故选A项。
【知识点】主旨大意、兴趣与爱好、推理判断、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】
20．B；
21．D；
22．C；
23．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牛油果受到千禧一代年轻人的喜爱，介绍了牛油果是如何流行起来的以及受喜欢的原因。
20．
推理判断题。根据第一段““Snap, snap”, went Emily’s phone as she took a photo of her avocado toast for breakfast. Then, she posted it on Instagram, a popular social photo-sharing app. Emily is one of the millions of millennials — those born between the years 1981 and 1996 – in the West who are in love with avocados.(“咔嚓，咔嚓”，艾米丽的手机响了起来，她正在给早餐吃的牛油果吐司拍照。然后，她把这张照片发到了Instagram上，这是一款很受欢迎的社交照片分享应用。艾米丽是西方数百万千禧一代（出生于1981年至1996年）中的一员，他们爱上了牛油果)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了爱米丽的故事是为了表达千禧一代对牛油果的喜爱。故选B。
21．
主旨大意题。根据第三段“At the start of the last century in the US, avocados weren’t popular. But this changed thanks to good marketing. Firstly, their name was changed from “alligator pear” to the nicer-sounding “avocado”. Then in the 1990s, at the Super Bowl – the US’ famous annual sports event watched by tens of millions on TV – a Mexican sauce made with avocados called guacamole was advertized. After this, avocados’ popularity soared. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the value of avocados increased by nearly 70 percent between 1988 and the year 2000 in the US.(上世纪初，牛油果在美国还不受欢迎。但由于良好的市场营销，这种情况发生了改变。首先，它们的名字从“鳄梨”改成了听起来更好听的“牛油果”。然后到了上世纪90年代，在美国著名的年度体育赛事“超级碗”上，一种用鳄梨制成的墨西哥酱——牛油果酱——做了广告。此后，牛油果的受欢迎程度飙升。 据加拿大广播公司称，1988年至2000年，美国牛油果的价值增长了近70%)”可知，第三段主要讲的是牛油果是如何流行起来的。故选D。
22．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Avocados, as a superfood rich in nutrients and “good” fats, are perfect for millennials, who are regarded as a health-conscious generation. As reported by USA Today, millennials are more interested in food than previous generations. For them, eating is not just about feeling full; it’s about a lifestyle. They care more about their well-being and eat healthier and more plant-based foods.(牛油果是一种富含营养和“好”脂肪的超级食物，非常适合千禧一代，他们被认为是注重健康的一代。据《今日美国》报道，千禧一代比前几代人对食物更感兴趣。对他们来说，吃不仅仅是感觉饱了；这是一种生活方式。他们更关心自己的健康，吃更健康、更植物性的食物)”可知，千禧一代喜欢牛油果因为它们既营养又健康。故选C。
23．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Millennials are a social-media- savvy generation. They love sharing their lives online through artistic pictures. The vibrant green-colored avocado spread on toast for breakfast became very Instagrammable.(千禧一代是精通社交媒体的一代。他们喜欢通过艺术图片在网上分享他们的生活。早餐涂在吐司上的鲜绿色牛油果变得非常适合在instagram上分享)”可知，千禧一代在网上分享艺术图片促进了牛油果加吐司。故选A。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】24．A
25．B
26．D
27．C
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处。
【解析】24．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和第四段最后一句“Research has shown that doing creative tasks,like cooking,makes us feel happier.”可推知,well-being意为“健康,快乐”。
25．写作意图题。根据第三段关键句“TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind.”和“And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialisation and mental health.”可知,作者提及电视厨师兼作家的目的是支持烹饪有益于心理健康的观点。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Certainly,creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the boring time;it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do.”可知,烹饪能帮助人们在无聊的时间集中注意力去做一件事。
27．标题归纳题。根据文章第一段关键句“We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical health,but cooking is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.”并结合全文内容可知,本文讲述了烹饪对我们的心理健康的好处,“Cooking Benefits Mental Health”符合本文主旨,为合适的标题。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】说明文、饮食
【答案】
28．B
29．D
30．C
31．E
32．A
【详解】
28．根据上文“Microgreens have been used in cooking since the 1980s.(自20世纪80年代以来，微型蔬菜就被用于烹饪)”以及后文“Chefs now realize they also add flavor and visual appeal when included in all types of dishes and recipes.(厨师们现在意识到，在所有类型的菜肴和食谱中加入它们也能增加风味和视觉吸引力)”可知，上文提到了微型蔬菜的使用时间，后文提到了现在用法的改变，可知本句是在说明最开始微型蔬菜的用法。故B选项“它们最初是作为一种装饰”符合语境，故选B。
29．根据上文“The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry states that microgreens have increased levels of vitamins E, C and K.(《农业与食品化学杂志》指出，微蔬菜增加了维生素E、C和K的含量)”可知，上文提到了微蔬菜增加了维生素E、C和K的含量，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文继续说明微蔬菜营养方面的情况。故D选项“它们的营养成分是成熟植物的40倍”符合语境，故选D。
30．根据后文“You just put them onto your meals such as soups, sandwiches, salads, etc. Microgreens are the ultimate healthy convenience food!(你只要把它们放在你的饭菜上，比如汤、三明治、沙拉等。微型蔬菜是最健康的方便食品！)”可知，后文提到只需要把微型蔬菜放在你的饭菜上就可以了，说明微型蔬菜不需要备菜，很方便。故C选项“不像大多数蔬菜那样需要准备和切菜”符合语境，故选C。
31．根据后文“It is usually ready for harvest in only 6-7 days and offers a spicy radish taste. The result is a dish that not only tastes wonderful but offers a visual appeal that satisfies the eyes and is incredibly nutritious!(它通常只需要6-7天就可以收获，有一种辛辣的萝卜味。结果是这道菜不仅味道鲜美，而且提供了满足眼睛的视觉吸引力，而且营养丰富！)”可知，后文提到了某种蔬菜有萝卜味，故本句为总起句，指出这种蔬菜是什么。故E选项“一种流行的微型蔬菜是紫色和绿色萝卜的混合物”符合语境，故选E。
32．根据后文“They require very little physical effort and are ready for harvest in as little as one week. In addition, growing microgreens doesn’t require a lot of space, and is typically done indoors with a vertical setup. So why not give it a shot ( 它们只需要很少的体力劳动，一周后就可以收获。此外，种植微型蔬菜不需要太多的空间，通常在室内进行垂直设置。所以为什么不试试呢？)”主要说明了微型蔬菜只需要很少的体力劳动，不需要太多的空间，这些都是其方便的特性。故A选项“另一方面，微型蔬菜很容易！”符合语境，故选A。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】固定句式和习语
33．【答案】
【小题58】That is（to say）
【小题59】such as
【小题60】for example
【详解】
【小题58】考查固定短语。句意：我昨天从他那里借了100元钱，也就是说我欠他100元钱。根据句意，此处是短语 that is，意思为“也就是说”表示全部列举，用来进行具体的说明。故填That is（to say）。
【小题59】考查固定短语。句意：要求我们学习很多学科，如数学、语文、英语和物理。根据句意，此处是列举一系列的事物，应是短语 such as，意思为“例如”是复合介词,用来列举所包容的事物。故填such as。
【小题60】考查固定短语。句意：如果你遇到一只野生动物，比如老虎，你会怎么做 根据句意，此处是举例说明，应是短语 for example，意思为“例如”是副词短语,用作插入语,列举代表同类事物性质或一般规律的典型例子。故填for example。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态、名词短语
【答案】34．sliced off
35．junk food
36．prior to
37．consists of
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、副词短语、动名词作宾语、动词短语
【答案】38．As a result
39．Prior to
40．suit our tastes
41．making dumplings
42．referred to
【知识点】从属连词、动词短语
【答案】43．Regardless of
44．play tricks on
45．is fundamental to
46．in large quantities
47．be associated with
【知识点】should、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、固定句式和习语、祈使句的肯定形式
【答案】48．consist of
49．to the point
50．lost his temper
51．prior to
52．slice off
五、单句
【知识点】过去完成时
53．【答案】had happened
【知识点】过去完成时
54．【答案】had hired
【知识点】其他介词
55．【答案】with
【知识点】过去完成时
56．【答案】had declined
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据年度报告，在2019年达到顶峰后，到2023年，博物馆的游客人数已经下降到2015年之前的水平。decline作本句谓语，根据时间状语by 2023可知，描述是过去的过去发生的事，用过去完成时。故填had declined。
【知识点】过去完成时的被动语态
57．【答案】had been promoted
【详解】考查时态、语态。句意：上次我见到他时，他已经被提升为高级经理了。设空处为主句谓语动词，该动作发生在状语从句Last time I saw him之前，为过去的过去的动作，应用过去完成时，promote意为“升职，晋升”，与逻辑主语he之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填had been promoted。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、建议信、饮食
58．【答案】Dear fellow students,
With the popularity of takeaway, I’ve noticed many students around me choose it as a regular meal. However, it is an unhealthy diet.
First of all, takeaway contains high fat and calorie. Depending on it too much, we are likely to put on weight. Besides, without enough nutrition, our body will not function well in the long run. To solve this problem, we should bear a balanced diet in mind. In our daily life, we’d better take in more grains, eggs, milk, fruit and vegetables to satisfy our daily needs. What’s more, home-made food is a better choice for us, which is more nutritious and tasty. We can sense the family love as well while we enjoy it.
Let’s have less takeaway from now on and form a healthy eating habit.
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，要求考生就健康饮食的问题向全体同学发出号召。考生应该补充适当细节以使行文流畅。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
流行：popularity→trendiness, prevalence
不健康的：unhealthy→harmful, detrimental
营养：nutrition→nourishment, sustenance
家庭关爱：family love→familial affection, domestic warmth
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：Depending on it too much, we are likely to put on weight.
拓展句：If we depend on it too much, we are likely to put on weight.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What’s more, home-made food is a better choice for us, which is more nutritious and tasty.（which引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】We can sense the family love as well while we enjoy it.（while引导的时间状语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元能力提高综合练习2【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen, and its 1 use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and 2 biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).
But nitrogen helps 3 around half the world’s population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t 4 it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen 5 involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.
A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this 6 problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by undertaking a 7 approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels.
The five steps identified involve 8 agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and promoting a change in diet. The 9 two are essential because approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the 10 chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer 11 to crops is ultimately wasted.
Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. 12 he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a 13 ,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to the 14 state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get 15 returns on investment.”
1．A．positive B．favorable C．collective D．abundant
2．A．promotes B．descends C．reduces D．expands
3．A．shelter B．feed C．rescue D．adjust
4．A．take account of B．take charge of C．look up to D．have access to
5．A．advantage B．concept C．challenge D．composition
6．A．two-sided B．self-contradictory C．not-so-distant D．energy-consuming
7．A．respectable B．comprehensive C．substantial D．crucial
8．A．transforming B．exercising C．depriving D．concealing
9．A．former B．latter C．prior D．rare
10．A．supply B．demand C．wrapping D．advertising
11．A．applied B．adapted C．addressed D．appealed
12．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Likewise
13．A．toast B．curse C．fault D．trick
14．A．original B．preferable C．traditional D．disposable
15．A．plentiful B．visual C．mutual D．immediate
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
Rahul Aggarwal was in medical school when he got the surprising news that his mother-a fit woman in her 40s-had been diagnosed with type2 diabetes (糖尿病). “I always thought of diabetes as a disease of people at higher weights and with certain lifestyle practices.” he recalls, “but my mom was an Indian American woman with a healthy weight and good diet and exercise practices.”
Aggarwal, now a clinical fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston began thinking about how diabetes seems to affect certain ethnic and racial groups. It quantified diabetes risk in minority groups to determine if current screening recommendations are correct and equal.
The current standard was released in 2021 by the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which issues evidence-based guidance on disease prevention. The recommendation is to test adults aged 35 to 70 for diabetes if they are overweight or obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI)of 25 kg/m2 or more. Aggarwal and his cooperators looked at the lowest-risk individuals qualified to screen under that rubric(评价量规). The researchers were shocked to find that the rate was about double for Hispanics and even higher among Black and Asian Americans. They concluded that to detect diabetes equally across all these groups, you would need to test Asian Americans with a BMI of 20 and Black and Hispanic individuals with a BMI of just 18. 5-measures considered to be in the healthy range.
Ngo-Metzger, who was the USPSTFs scientific director from 2012 to 2019, notes that “most studies of diabetes were done in middle-aged white individuals,” She argues that they ‘should be revised. “The study found that you would miss so many Blacks, Hispanics and Asians when you use these guidelines. I think it’s a kind of harm.”；
16．What can we learn about Aggarwa’s mother
A．She seldom had exercise.
B．She was diagnosed with diabetes at an old age.
C．Her poor diet and overweight accounted for her disease.
D．Her disease probably had a connection with her race.；
17．What’s Ngo-Metzger’s attitude towards the current screening standard
A．Critical B．Positive C．Neutral D．Indifferent；
18．What is the text mainly about
A．New findings about cure diabetes.
B．The causes of diabetes are complicated.
C．More and more people suffer from diabetes.
D．The current screening standards are not proper.；
19．What might be talked about in the following passage
A．Detecting diabetes early.
B．Diabetes prevention.
C．Revising the current screening standard.
D．New ways to cure diabetes in the future.
Lin Wanqi, a 26-year-old resident of Shanghai, was among the earliest to try Luckin Coffee’s new Moutai-flavored latte. Eager to sample this “young people’s first sip of Moutai”, she was curious about how her beloved coffee tastes with Chinese liquor in it. “The aroma of the alcohol is very strong and is well blended with the milk,” Lin shared.
The coffee drink, packaged with an iconic Moutai-themed label and containing less than 0.5 percent (alcohol by volume) of 53 degrees Moutai, is priced at 38 yuan, although consumers can get it for 19 yuan using coupons. In recent years, Moutai has embarked on various creative campaigns to appeal to younger customers, introducing products like Moutai ice cream, scented sachets, and canvas bags. “This creative partnership lets Moutai make its brand younger,” Li Honghui, a marketing director for drinks. Li also pointed out that such creative collaborations (合作) can bring benefits to both brands. “Through partnerships, brands can share resources, expand the market, and bring more diversified and innovative products to consumers,” Li said.
However, flawed partnerships may lead to negative consequences. Take the collaboration between Chinese coffee chain Manner and French luxury brand Louis Vuitton(LV), for example.
Consumers could get a free LV canvas bag by buying at least two books in the coffee shop. The two books would cost at least 580 yuan. The campaign was sharply criticized for the high barrier of entry to receive the gift and many people doubted whether it was worth the price. “It’s important to maintain the high quality of the products in these partnerships rather than merely generate hype(炒作),” Li said.
20．What did Lin Wanqi think of the new Moutai-flavored latte
A．Bitter. B．Smooth. C．Creamy. D．Aromatic.
21．Why is Moutai in association with Luckin Coffee
A．To get coupons. B．To attract other consumers.
C．To share resources D．To maintain the high quality.
22．What does Li Honghui say about the partnership between Kweichow Moutai and Luckin Coffee
A．It is a win-win. B．It is creative-yet-risky.
C．It still needs more promotion. D．It sets a good example for the market.
23．Which is the shortcoming of Manner Coffee and Louis Vuitton partnerships
A．The gifts were of low quality.
B．They come from different countries.
C．The promotional method was improper.
D．Their employees sold the gifts privately.
It is a well-known fact that plastic bottles, which take hundreds of years to rot, are harmful to our environment. However, efforts by environmentalists to encourage consumers to switch to alternatives, like water fountains or reusable bottles, have not been very effective. The U.S. alone uses over 50 million plastic bottles annually, 80% of which end up in landfills.
To try to stop that, Rodrigo García González, Pierre Paslier and Guillaume Couche from the Imperial College London have been working on a revolutionary solution — water wrapped inside an eatable container made mostly from seaweed. All the customer has to do to relieve his/her thirst is pop the entire drop into the mouth.
The inventors, who have been working on the Ooho bubble since 2014, use a simple two-step cooking process called spherification (球化) to create the delicate container. They begin by dipping a frozen ball of water or juice into a chemical solution (溶液). This helps form a layer around the liquid. The ball is then absorbed in a solution made from seaweed extract. This creates a second layer, helping strengthen the structure so that the water or juice does not leak. In addition to saving our environment, the biodegradable (可降解的) packaging costs just two cents each, making it cheaper to produce than plastic.
After three years of perfecting the design, the inventors, who recently raised over 1 million USD from a financial activity, are ready to bring the Ooho bubble to local market. However, there are a few challenges that still need to be overcome before the product’s launch. In addition to getting accustomed to the taste of the covering, each eatable container contains just a mouthful of water, requiring consumers to drink multiple bubbles to relieve their thirst. There is also the issue of finding an eco-friendly packaging to transport the bubbles so that they remain clean and do not burst. Hopefully, the inventors will find ways to handle the issues so that we can reduce, or perhaps even remove, plastic bottles.
24．Why was the Ooho bubble created
A．To test a newly-designed material. B．To change consumers’ drinking habit.
C．To reduce pollution caused by plastic. D．To take a share of drinking water industry.
25．What will the inventors probably do next
A．Solve some specific problems of the product. B．Collect more money to expand production.
C．Distribute the Ooho bubble to global market. D．Advertise the advantages of the Ooho bubble.
26．What is the author’s attitude towards the Ooho bubble’s launch
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Confident. D．Opposed.
27．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．Scientists Work out a New Kind of Water
B．Plastic Bottles Will Be Replaced by the Ooho Bubble
C．Environmental Pollution is Expected to Be Solved
D．The Ooho Bubble Aims to Remove Plastic Bottles
As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.
Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.
As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields—all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.
Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.
In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.
Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.
28．Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it .
A．guarantees high yields with more labor
B．relies on regional conditions and historical data
C．offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer
D．provides real time information about target crops
29．About precision farming, we can learn that .
A．the government holds a cautious attitude
B．it draws positive responses from businesses
C．seed producers have already made huge profits
D．large systems will soon be built in developing nations
30．The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means .
A．disappointed B．confused
C．unwilling D．shocked
31．What is the best title for the passage
A．Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields
B．More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers
C．Development of Farming Systems in the U.S.
D．Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. 32 .
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream at low prices. 33 , then probably children would buy less take-away food.
34 . I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If parents often give their children fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, they will go for sweet and salty foods, and children will find it hard to get rid of the habit.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. 35 . What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem. 36 , as well as forcing them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
【选项】
A．There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight
B．Adults are becoming fatter and unhealthier too
C．If there were fewer of these restaurants
D．So we have to encourage young people to be more active
E．Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food
F．I feel there are a number of reasons for this
G．It’s a good idea to allow children to eat what they choose
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
subscribe to get involved in in turn insist on consist of in charge of
37．A regular breakfast (由……组成) soybeans, an egg, a bowl of porridge, corn, a sweet potato, meat and two kinds of fruit.
38．After all (参加) various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock.
39．Please come to the front (轮流) to collect your books.
40．With the manager gone, they are discussing who should be put (主管) the sales team.
41．All scientists (赞成) the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
从方框中选择合适的词组，并将其恰当的形式填入空格中完成句子，有两个多余选项。
consist of cut down on carry out put down put away hang out
step in sort out go over to burst into take place put out
42．Unlike most of the Netherlands, the city of Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly sand.
43．Our country harmful gases from cars and factories for the past decade, bringing us closer to the goal of carbon—neutral growth in 2050.
44．The little girl tears even before I could utter a word to comfort her.
45．Extensive tests on the patient by the end of last month.
46．The Foreign Language Festival every year in our school.
47．Fiona with friends when she suddenly heard someone calling out for help.
48．On my way home it suddenly occurred to me that I need the janitor’s room to collect my package.
49．After the fire, the firemen immediately proceeded to free the people trapped in the building.
50．It is good manners the dishes to the required place after every meal.
51．When the leading actress broke her leg, Isabel and took over.
根据句意选择适当的短语，并用短语的正确形式填空。其中有两个多余短语。
break down, subscribe to, regardless of, once and for all, be exposed to, be to blame, be comprised of, participate in, break out
52．The group ______ two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer.
53．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and ______ barriers.
54．All the scientists present at the conference ______ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
55．With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that the dangerous gas ______.
56．My friend said that he was willing to ______ the voluntary activity.
57．______ English frequently enables us to have a good knowledge of this language.
58．The Internet makes everything easy and convenient, ______ time and space.
从下面短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
for sale be used to wake up turn to feel down look up hand over throw in call in do sb. good
59．The boy and saw a beautiful bird in the tree.
60．The sign on that house says “ ”. Shall we find out the price
61．If you have any questions，you can the council at any time.
62．The old manager all his work to his son before leaving the office.
63．Most of us in China eating with chopsticks rather than knives and forks.
Complete the sentenced with the correct forms of the words in the box.
limit chairman protein category chew calorie dessert pork madam somewhat quantity canteen cafeteria association
64．I’m glad that I’m consuming fewer this week. Hopefully I have lost some weight.
65．Almonds are full of ,which is fundamental for body building.
66．Coffee and tea will usually be served with
67．It is wasteful to consume such vast of food and drink at a birthday party.
68．She gave the children some teething biscuits to during the long car journey
69．There are two of protein— animal protein and vegetable protein.
70．Alexander is the new of the French Cuisine
71．Tom prefers roast lamb to roast because it is more tender, in his opinion.
72．What would you like to have for the main course,
73．I usually have lunch in the school ,since it is more convenient and comfortable.
74．It is now accepted that people should themselves to only a few cups of coffee a day for the sake of their health.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
75．He sets a little money each week. (用适当的词填空)
76．They (plant) six hundred trees by last Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
77．He said he would go to see the play, although he (see) it before.
78．Generally speaking，students’ academic performances are consistent their efforts.
79．They (intend) to go downtown to do some shopping, but they cancelled it because of the bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
80．假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom给你来信说近期由于饮食问题而身体不适，影响了学习和生活。请你按下面的要求给他写封信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
1. 健康饮食的重要性；
2. 吃健康早餐，远离含脂肪、油、糖多的食物，多吃蔬菜水果；
3. 饮食均衡，有规律。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】need、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语、名词、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、自然生态、计划与愿望、说明文、饮食
【答案】
1．D
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．B
10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家提出五步计划来解决氮的双面问题，即氮对空气的污染和对提高粮食产量的重要作用；
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是氮，以及它在商业化肥中的大量使用，也会导致空气污染和气候变化。A. positive积极的；B. favorable有利的，赞许的；C. collective集体的，共同的；D. abundant大量的，丰富的。根据后文“their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).”可知氮的使用对环境的消极影响很多，因此是氮在商业化肥中有大量的使用。故选D项；
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明，它们的使用还会造成空气污染，增加癌症发病率，减少生物多样性，以及释放气体(笑气)。 A. promotes促进，提升；B. descends下降； C. reduces减少； D. expands扩大，增加。根据前文“ its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change.”可知氮的使用导致环境污染和气候变化，那么生物生存的自然环境被改变了，生物多样性也就减少了。故选C项；
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但氮帮助养活了世界上大约一半的人口，在可预见的未来仍是必不可少的。A. shelter掩蔽，收容；B. feed喂养；C. rescue援救；D. adjust调整。根据前文连词But,表示转折，上一段说明氮的消极影响，那么本段说明氮的积极影响，结合后文提到的人口，可知氮帮助养活了世界上约一半人口。故选B项；
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着化肥价格的上涨，许多发展中国家无法获得化肥，从而对粮食安全构成威胁。A. take account of考虑到；B. take charge of负责；C. look up to尊敬；D. have access to使用，接近，可以利用。根据前文“With prices of fertilizer rising”和后文“with resulting threats to food security”可知化肥价格上涨，粮食安全受到威胁，可知许多发展中国家没有化肥。故选D项；
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。 A. advantage优势；B. concept概念；C. challenge 挑战；D. composition成分，作品。根据下文文“ both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.” 可知全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。故选C项；
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一组科学家提出了一个五步计划来解决这个双面问题。A. two-sided两方面的；B. self-contradictory自相矛盾的；C. not-so-distant不远的；D. energy-consuming耗能的，费精力的。根据前文提到的氮问题面临的挑战，即氮的过渡使用和有些地方没有氮，可知这是一个双面问题。故选A项；
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领导者Benjamin Houlton解释说，只有采取全面的方法，结合解决方案，才能在两个层面上解决问题。 A. respectable值得尊重的，体面的；B. comprehensive综合性的，全面的； C. substantial大量的，基本的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据前文提到的氮面临的双面问题可知需要采取全面的解决办法以解决问题。故选B项；
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定的五个步骤包括改变农业做法，将肥料运送到需要的地方，减少氮污染，最后，减少食物浪费和促进饮食的改变。A. transforming转变；B. exercising运动，练习；C. depriving夺去；D. concealing隐藏，掩饰。根据首段提到的氮在商业化肥中的过渡使用导致了很多环境问题，因此需要改变农业做法，以减少氮在商业化肥中的使用。故选A项；
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. former前者的；B. latter 后者的；C. prior先前的，事先的；D. rare 稀有的。根据句后文“approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted”可知全球约四分之一的粮食生产被浪费，因此前文提到的五个步骤中，后面两个与食物浪费和饮食有关的步骤最为重要。故选B项；
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. supply 供应；B. demand需求；C. wrapping包装；D. advertising广告。根据前文提到的粮食被浪费，结合空后的chain,可知是供应链食物被浪费了。故选A项；
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. applied应用；B. adapted适应；C. addressed 演说，解决；D. appealed呼吁，上诉，吸引。根据前文提到的粮食浪费，结合fertilizer可知是被应用到庄稼上的氮化肥被浪费了。故选A项；
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是传达了一个鼓舞人心的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore 此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Likewise同样地。根据前文“Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion.”可知，在现有的气候灾难中增加氮可能会导致资源枯竭，结合后文“he has an encouraging message. ”可知前后是转折关系。故选C项；
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说:“事实是，氮是一种祸根，也是一种良药。A. toast 烤面包片，庆祝；B. curse祸根，诅咒；C. fault错误，责任；D. trick技巧，花招。根据前文提到的增加的消极影响，和后文令人鼓舞的信息，可知Benjamin认为氮既是导致问题的原因（祸根），也可以解决问题的办法（福音）。故选B项；
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你能减少氮的溢出，你就能迅速使系统恢复到原始状态。A. original原始的；B. preferable更好的，更合适的；C. traditional传统的；D. disposable一次性的。根据前文“ if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen”可知，如果解决氮的过渡使用，那么引起的环境问题也能解决，即使生态系统就可以回到原始状态。故选A项；
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于氮，你可以立即获得投资回报。” A. plentiful丰富的；B. visual视觉的；C. mutual相互的；D. immediate立刻的。根据前文“We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. ”可知我们每向空气中排放一分子二氧化碳，就会锁定30到50年的气候影响，即CO2的影响是漫长的，根据后文But，表示转折，可知氮给我们的回报是快速的。故选D项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】would、主旨大意、卫生与健康、推理判断、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】
16．D
17．A
18．D
19．C
【详解】
〖导语〗本文是一篇说明文。现在越来越多的人患糖尿病，这主要是因为美国现行的检测监督标准不准确不公平，忽略了众多的有色人种；
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rahul Aggarwal was in medical school when he got the surprising news that his mother-a fit woman in her 40s-had been diagnosed with type2 diabetes (糖尿病). “I always thought of diabetes as a disease of people at higher weights and with certain lifestyle practices.” he recalls, “but my mom was an Indian American woman with a healthy weight and good diet and exercise practices.”(拉胡尔·阿加瓦尔在医学院上学时，收到了一个令人惊讶的消息：他的母亲——一位40多岁的健康女性——被诊断出患有2型糖尿病。“我一直认为糖尿病是一种体重较高、有特定生活方式的人患的疾病。她回忆道，“但我妈妈是一名印度裔美国女性，体重正常，饮食良好，锻炼习惯也很好。”)”可知，她妈妈是四十多岁时被诊断出糖尿病2型，但是她体重正常，饮食健康，经常运动锻炼，所以排除ABC。再根据第二段“Aggarwal, now a clinical fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston began thinking about how diabetes seems to affect certain ethnic and racial groups.(阿加瓦尔现在是波士顿贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的临床研究员，他开始思考糖尿病是如何影响某些民族和种族群体的。)”及后文可知，黑人等有色人种患糖尿病的风险比白人更高，即：糖尿病的诊断可能和她的种族有关，故选D；
17．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study found that you would miss so many Blacks, Hispanics and Asians when you use these guidelines. I think it’s a kind of harm.(研究发现，当你使用这些指导方针时，你会错过很多黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔。我认为这是一种伤害。)”可知，她认为现行的检测监督标准忽视了太多的人群，是不公正的。所以Ngo-Metzger对目前的筛查标准持批判态度。故选A；
18．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ngo-Metzger, who was the USPSTFs scientific director from 2012 to 2019, notes that “most studies of diabetes were done in middle-aged white individuals,” She argues that they ‘should be revised. “The study found that you would miss so many Blacks, Hispanics and Asians when you use these guidelines. I think it’s a kind of harm.”(2012年至2019年担任USPSTFs科学主任的Ngo-Metzger指出，“大多数糖尿病研究都是在中年白人中进行的”，她认为这些研究“应该修改”。“研究发现，当你使用这些指导方针时，你会错过很多黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔。我认为这是一种伤害。”)”及全文可知，文章中心是质疑现行的糖尿病筛查标准，目前的筛查标准不合适。故选D；
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ngo-Metzger, who was the USPSTFs scientific director from 2012 to 2019, notes that “most studies of diabetes were done in middle-aged white individuals,” She argues that they ‘should be revised. (2012年至2019年担任USPSTFs科学主任的Ngo-Metzger指出，“大多数糖尿病研究都是在中年白人中进行的”，她认为这些研究“应该修改”。)”可知，原文结尾质疑现行标准的弊端，所以推断后文很可能会谈论是否要修改现行标准。故选C。
【知识点】新闻、细节理解、观点态度、饮食
【答案】20．D 21．C 22．A 23．C
【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍瑞幸咖啡新推出了茅台味拿铁咖啡，人们对此有不同的看法。
【解析】20．细节理解题。根据第一段““The aroma of the alcohol is very strong and is well blended with the milk,” Lin shared. (林分享道：“酒的香气很浓，和牛奶很好地融合在一起。”)”可知，林万琪认为茅台味拿铁咖啡融合了酒和牛奶的味道，应该是很芳香。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段““Through partnerships, brands can share resources, expand the market, and bring more diversified and innovative products to consumers,” Li said. (李说：“通过合作，品牌可以共享资源，扩大市场，为消费者带来更加多样化和创新的产品。”)”可知，通过把酒和咖啡融合在一起的合作，品牌可以共享资源。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Li also pointed out that such creative collaborations (合作) can bring benefits to both brands. “Through partnerships, brands can share resources, expand the market, and bring more diversified and innovative products to consumers,” Li said. (李还指出，这种创造性的合作可以为两个品牌带来好处。李说：“通过合作，品牌可以共享资源，扩大市场，为消费者带来更加多样化和创新的产品。”)”可知，李鸿辉认为两个品牌的合作是双赢的。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Consumers could get a free LV canvas bag by buying at least two books in the coffee shop. The two books would cost at least 580 yuan. The campaign was sharply criticized for the high barrier of entry to receive the gift and many people doubted whether it was worth the price. “It’s important to maintain the high quality of the products in these partnerships rather than merely generate hype(炒作),” Li said. (消费者可以在咖啡店购买至少两本书，获得一个免费的LV帆布包。这两本书至少要580元。这场运动因收到礼物的门槛很高而受到尖锐批评，许多人怀疑它是否物有所值。李说：“重要的是在这些合作伙伴关系中保持产品的高质量，而不仅仅是炒作。”)”可知，在中国咖啡连锁店Manner和法国奢侈品牌路易威登（LV）的合作上，因消费者收到礼物的门槛很高而受到尖锐批评，所以他们的促销方式不恰当。故选C。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、科普知识、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】
24．C；
25．A；
26．C；
27．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新型饮用水Ooho bubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况；
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a well-known fact that plastic bottles, which take hundreds of years to rot, are harmful to our environment.(众所周知，塑料瓶要几百年才能腐烂，对我们的环境有害。)”以及“The U.S. alone uses over 50 million plastic bottles annually, 80% of which end up in landfills.(仅美国每年就使用超过5000万个塑料瓶，其中80%最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。)”可知，Ooho bubble被研发出来的目的是为了结局塑料造成的污染问题。故选C；
25．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, there are a few challenges that still need to be overcome before the product’s launch. (然而，在产品发布之前还有一些挑战需要克服。)”可知，Ooho bubble研发者在接下来会解决产品存在的具体问题。故选A；
26．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hopefully, the inventors will find ways to handle the issues so that we can reduce, or perhaps even remove, plastic bottles.(希望发明者能找到解决问题的方法，这样我们就能减少，甚至移除塑料瓶。)”可知，作者对Ooho bubble投放市场是充满信心的。故选C；
27．
主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了新型饮用水Ooho bubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。同时文章也指出，研发这种饮用水的目的是为了解决塑料水瓶带来的污染问题。故D选项“The Ooho Bubble Aims to Remove Plastic Bottles(“Ooho泡泡”旨在去除塑料瓶)”能够概括文章大意。故选D。
【知识点】主旨大意、卫生与健康、推理判断、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】
28．D
29．B
30．C
31．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了精准农业提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性不可避免地的经济和安全风险；
28．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data.”（传统农业依赖于对整个农田的管理——根据地区条件和历史数据作出与种植、收获、灌溉和施用农药和化肥有关的决策。）；根据文章第三段“Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor.”（相比之下，精准农业结合了传感器、机器人、GPS、地图工具和数据分析软件，在不增加劳动力的情况下量身定制植物所接受的照料。）通过对比可知，精准农业不同于传统农业的部分原因在于它利用科技，实时获取目标作物的信息，量身定制植物所接受的照料。故选D项；
29．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.”（许多小企业正在开发新的软件、传感器和其他用于精确农业的工具，像孟山都、约翰迪尔、拜耳、陶氏化学和杜邦等大公司也是如此。美国农业部、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局都支持精准农业，现在许多大学都开设了这方面的课程。）市场上很多公司在开发应用于精准农业的软件和工具，从他们的反映和行动来看，精准农业得到了商业的积极响应。故选B项；
30．
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.”（由于设备成本高、无法上网等原因，农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业。该技术可能会给不擅长计算机的有经验的农民带来巨大的挑战。）可知目前大多数农民是不喜欢精准农业的；根据文章“And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.”（尽管有些农民可能会reticent采用新技术,下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法。）由however“尽管”和the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach“下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法”可知however后面表示的是与“the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach（下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法）”相反的事情，即有些农民可能会不愿意采用新技术，这个与本段前面所说的“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture”（农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业）相吻合。即可推知reticent意为“不愿意”。故选C项；
31．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.”（大型农场越来越多地使用精准农业来提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性的不可避免地经济和安全风险。）可知文章开头提出精准农业提高产量，减少浪费和降低经济和安全风险这样一个观点，文章后面段落一直在围绕这个观点说明其原理。故A选项“Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields”（精准农业增加作物产量）可作为文章标题，故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】方法和策略、说明文
【答案】
32．F；
33．C；
34．A；
35．E；
36．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，分析了导致儿童超重的几个原因以及解决办法。
32．
上文说儿童超重的情况变得越来越糟糕，下文又分析了导致儿童超重的几个原因，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，故F项（我觉得这个问题有很多原因）符合语境。
33．
根据本空后的“then probably children would buy less take-away food”可知，那么孩子们可能会很少买外卖食品，“would”表明此处提到的条件要用虚拟语气，故C项（如果这样的餐馆少一点就好了）符合语境。
34．
根据本段中的“If parents often give their children fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, they will go for sweet and salty foods, and children will find it hard to get rid of the habit.”可知，如果父母经常给孩子炸鸡和巧克力而不是健康的食物，孩子们会很难戒掉这类食品，此处说的是父母对孩子超重的影响，故A项（还有一种观点指责父母让孩子超重）符合语境。
35．
根据本空前的“When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games”可知，孩子们经常在家看电视和玩电脑游戏，此处是说这种习惯的危害，故E项（这不仅是一种不健康的消遣，还给他们时间吃更多不健康的食物）符合语境。
36．
根据本空后的“as well as forcing them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知，还要迫使他们远离快餐店和不良饮食习惯，此处讲的是另一种阻止青少年超重的做法，故D项（所以我们必须鼓励年轻人更加活跃）符合语境。
【点睛】
过渡句是七选五的常考知识点，被选选项一定要既对应上文话题，又要起到引出下文的作用，所以做题之前略读一下全文很关键，这样会对文章思路有一个整体的把握，例如本篇第1题，通过略读我们发现上文说儿童超重的情况变得越来越糟糕，下文又分析了导致儿童超重的几个原因，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，F项中的this对应上文的儿童超重问题，而reasons又引出了下文的原因。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语
【答案】37．consists of 38．getting involved in 39． in turn 40． in charge of 41．subscribe to
【解析】37．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：常规早餐包括大豆、一个鸡蛋、一碗粥、玉米、一个红薯、肉和两种水果。根据汉语提示“由……组成”可知，此处使用固定短语consist of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A regular breakfast，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。根据汉语提示“参加”可知，此处使用固定短语get involved in，作主语，应用动名词形式。故填getting involved in。
39．考查固定短语：请依次到前面来取书。根据汉语提示“轮流”可知，此处使用固定短语in turn。故填in turn。
40．考查固定短语。句意：经理不在了，他们正在讨论谁应该负责销售团队。根据汉语提示“主管”可知，此处使用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。
41．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。根据汉语提示“赞成”可知，此处使用固定短语subscribe to，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribed to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时、动名词的一般式：doing、动词(短语)的辨析、动词不定式作主语、现在完成时、过去完成时的被动语态
【答案】
42．consisting of；
43．has cut down on；
44．burst into；
45．had been carried out；
46．takes place；
47．was hanging out；
48．go over to；
49．putting out；
50．to put away；
51．stepped in
【分析】
42．考查词组词义辨析。句意：与荷兰的大部分地区不同，希尔弗瑟姆市实际上位于丘陵地区，土壤主要是沙子。分析句子可知，后半句是with的复合结构，consist of固定词组“由……组成，构成”。且soil和sand 之间是主动关系，故填consisting of。
43．考查时态和短语。句意：过去十年，我国减少了汽车和工厂产生的有害气体，使我们更接近于 2050 年实现碳中和增长的目标。结合句意分析句子可知，cut down on“减少”。时间状语是for the past decade，现在完成时的标志，故填has cut down on。
44．考查动词和时态。句意：我还没来得及安慰她，小女孩就泪流满面。“burst into tears”固定搭配“突然大哭起来”。且before引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，故填burst into。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：截至上月底，已对该患者进行了广泛的测试。根据时间状语by the end of last month可知，句子是过去完成时，表示发生在国过去的过去。carry out固定短语“实施，施行”。extensive tests和动词carry out之间是被动关系，所以是过去完成时的被动。故填had been carried out。
46．考查时态和词义。句意：我们学校每年都会举办外语节。take place固定短语“发生，举行”。且时间状语是every year， 所以是一般现在时。故填takes place。
47．考查词组和时态。句意：菲奥娜正在和朋友闲逛，突然听到有人呼救。结合句意分析可知，hang out固定短语“闲逛”。be doing……when……固定句型“正在做某事……突然……”。从句句子是一般过去时，所以主句是过去进行时，故填was hanging out。
48．考查动词短语。句意：在我回家的路上，我突然想到我需要去看门人的房间取我的包裹。分析句子可知，go over to……固定搭配“朝……（地方）去”符合句意，need为情态动词后接动词原形。故填go over to。
49．考查短语和动名词。句意：扑灭大火后，消防员立即着手解救被困在大楼内的人。put out固定搭配“扑灭”。且动词put out位于介词after之后，故填putting out。
50．考查动词不定式。句意：每顿饭后把盘子放到指定的地方是有礼貌的。结合句子可知，put away“把……收好，储存”符合句意，动词不定式作主语。故填to put away。
51．考查短语和时态。句意：当女主角摔断腿时，伊莎贝尔介入并接手。结合句意可知，step in固定词组“介入，涉足”。时态为一般过去时，故填stepped in。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】
52．is comprised of
53．break down
54．subscribed to
55．was to blame
56．participate in
57．Being exposed to
58． regardless of
【详解】
52．考查短语。句意：这个乐队由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名歌手组成。短语be comprised of为“由……组成”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The group，强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。结合句意，故填is comprised of。
53．考查短语。句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，打破障碍。短语break down为“打破”之意。help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。结合句意，故填break down。
54．考查短语。句意：出席会议的所有科学家都同意全球变暖主要是由于燃烧化石燃料造成的这一观点。短语subscribe to为“同意”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填subscribed to。
55．考查短语。句意：有了这个额外的证据，我们可以得出结论，危险气体是罪魁祸首。短语be to blame为“该受责备，应负责任”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填was to blame。
56．考查短语。句意：我的朋友说他愿意参加志愿活动。短语participate in为“参加”之意。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。结合句意，故填participate in。
57．考查短语。句意：经常接触英语能使我们精通这门语言。短语be exposed to为“接触”之意。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。结合句意，故填Being exposed to。
58．考查短语。句意：互联网使一切变得简单方便，不受时间和空间的限制。短语regardless of为“不理，不顾”之意。结合句意，故填regardless of。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、表能力、语法一致、过去完成时
【答案】
59．looked up
60．for sale
61． turn to
62．had handed over
63．are used to
【详解】
59．考查动词短语、时态。句意：男孩抬头一看，看到树上有一只美丽的鸟。根据句意，设空处应选用动词短语look up，意为“仰望”，与saw并列，作谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填：looked up。
60．考查介词短语、时态。句意：那所房子的招牌上写着“待售”。我们来看看价格怎么样？根据句意，设空处应选介词短语for sale，意为“出售”，作says的宾语。故填：for sale。
61．考查“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以随时向理事会求助。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语turn to，意为“求助于”，情态动词can后加动词原形，故填：turn to。
62．考查动词短语、时态。句意：老经理在离开办公室之前把他所有的工作都交给了儿子。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语hand over，意为“移交”，根据时间状语before leaving the office，设空处的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填：had handed over。
63．考查动词短语、时态。句意：在中国，我们大多数人习惯用筷子而不是刀叉吃饭。根据句意，设空处应用动词短语be used to，意为“习惯于”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Most of us，为复数，助动词用are。故填are used to。
【知识点】should、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、副词作状语、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、固定句式和习语
【答案】
64．desserts
65．calories
66．dessert
67． somewhat quantities
68．chew
69．categories
70． chairman association
71．pork
72．madam
73．canteen
74．limit
【详解】
64．考查名词。句意：我很高兴这周我吃的甜点少了。希望我已经减肥了。该空在fewer后面，应为可数名词的复数形式。结合后句意思“希望我减了一些体重”，可知“这周我吃的甜食少”，空格处表示“甜食”，dessert甜食，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填desserts。
65．考查名词。句意：杏仁富含卡路里，这是健身的基础。分析句子结构可知，空处位于介词of后，应填名词，在根据后文“which is fundamental for body building.”可知，calorie意为“卡路里”符合句意要求，又calorie是可数名词，应该用复数形式。故填calories。
66．考查名词。句意：咖啡和茶通常配有甜点。分析句子结构可知，空处位于介词with后，应填名词，所以dessert意为“甜点”符合句意要求。故填dessert。
67．考查副词和名词。句意：在生日聚会上消耗如此大量的食物和饮料有点浪费。分析①空处可知，空处修饰空后的wasteful，应该用副词修饰，所以somewhat意为“有点”符合句意要求，②空处，空前是形容词vast，所以空处应填名词，quantity意为“数量”符合句意要求，quantities of为固定搭配意为“大量的”。故填①somewhat，②quantities。
68．考查动词。句意：她给孩子们一些磨牙饼干，让他们在长途汽车旅行时嚼。分析句子结构可知，空前to是不定式的标志，空处应填动词原形，根据“teething biscuits”可知，chew意为“咀嚼”符合句意要求。故填chew，
69．考查名词。句意：蛋白质有两类——动物蛋白和植物蛋白。分析可知，本句缺少主语，应填名词做主语，根据后文“animal protein and vegetable protein”可知，category意为“类别”符合句意要求，其为可数名词，根据空前的two，应该用复数形式。故填categories。
70．考查名词。句意：亚历山大是法国烹饪协会的新任主席。分析①空处可知，空前是形容词new，所以空处应填名词，chairman意为“主席”符合句意要求，②空处，根据句意，应是association意为“协会”符合句意要求。故填①chairman；②association。
71．考查名词。句意：汤姆喜欢烤羊肉而不喜欢烤猪肉，因为他认为烤羊肉更嫩。根据“roast lamb”可知，空处和lamb对应，所以pork“猪肉”符合句意要求。故填pork。
72．考查名词。句意：夫人，您的主菜要吃什么 根据句意可知，此处是服务员点餐中的问句，所以madam意为“夫人”符合句意要求。故填madam。
73．考查名词。句意：我通常在学校食堂吃午饭，因为它更方便和舒适。根据“have lunch”可知，canteen意为“食堂”符合句意要求，school canteen为固定搭配意为“学校餐厅”。故填canteen。
74．考查动词。句意：为了健康，人们应该限制自己每天只喝几杯咖啡。分析知，空前是情态动词should，所以空处应填动词原形，再根据“only a few cups of coffee a day”可知，limit意为“限制”符合句意要求。故填limit。
五、单句
【知识点】固定句式和习语
75．【答案】aside
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他每周都留出一点钱。set aside 译为“留出”。此处符合题意，故填aside。
【知识点】过去完成时
76．【答案】had planted
【详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：到上星期三为止，他们已经种了六百棵树。分析可知，所填动词为句子的谓语，结合时间状语“by last Wednesday(到上星期三为止)”可知，应是过去完成时：had done。故填had planted。
【知识点】过去完成时
77．【答案】had seen
【知识点】其他介词
78．【答案】with
【知识点】过去完成时
79．【答案】had intended
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们本来打算到市区去购物，但因为天气不好而取消了。结合语境，“打算去购物”发生在“计划取消”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had intended。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、卫生与健康、建议信、申请、请求和建议、饮食
80．【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit.
Having healthy eating habits will help you have a healthy body and mind, and enjoy a happy life. There are many ways to develop healthy eating habits. Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast. It will improve your performance at school. What’s more, you’d better keep away from the food that is rich in fat, oil and sugar, eat more fruit and vegetables and keep a balanced diet. In addition, you should eat meals regularly every day.
In a word, healthy eating habits will help keep you active and have a healthy lifestyle.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Tom写信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐的：happy→glad
总之：in a word→all in all
另外：what’s more→besides
建议：advise→suggest
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast. It will improve your performance at school.
拓展句：Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast, which will improve your performance at school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit. (运用了that引导宾语从句和省略that的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】What’s more, you’d better keep away from the food that is rich in fat, oil and sugar, eat more fruit and vegetables and keep a balanced diet. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元能力提高综合练习3【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen, and its 1 use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and 2 biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).
But nitrogen helps 3 around half the world’s population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t 4 it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen 5 involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.
A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this 6 problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by undertaking a 7 approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels.
The five steps identified involve 8 agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and promoting a change in diet. The 9 two are essential because approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the 10 chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer 11 to crops is ultimately wasted.
Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. 12 he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a 13 ,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to the 14 state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get 15 returns on investment.”
1．A．positive B．favorable C．collective D．abundant
2．A．promotes B．descends C．reduces D．expands
3．A．shelter B．feed C．rescue D．adjust
4．A．take account of B．take charge of C．look up to D．have access to
5．A．advantage B．concept C．challenge D．composition
6．A．two-sided B．self-contradictory C．not-so-distant D．energy-consuming
7．A．respectable B．comprehensive C．substantial D．crucial
8．A．transforming B．exercising C．depriving D．concealing
9．A．former B．latter C．prior D．rare
10．A．supply B．demand C．wrapping D．advertising
11．A．applied B．adapted C．addressed D．appealed
12．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Likewise
13．A．toast B．curse C．fault D．trick
14．A．original B．preferable C．traditional D．disposable
15．A．plentiful B．visual C．mutual D．immediate
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Could you still find your way home A loggerhead turtle (红海龟) could.
According to Dr Lohmann, loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.
Scientists already know that several other animals, like whales, can detect magnetic fields, but they only learn from their parents the way to go home. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home. Scientists still wonder what helps them master their magnetic sense Dr Lohmann thinks one of the cues is light on the sea.
Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set, where they can find food. Dr Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”. His team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field matching the Earth’s. Meanwhile, they set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.
At first, they swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward cast. When the researchers reversed (颠倒) the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “cast”.
This experiment and the follow-ups all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the “correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make their survival hard.
Dr Lohmann’s work has led people to protect turtles’ habitat. Yet many questions remain unanswered. Researchers still have extensive studies to carry out.
16．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ________.
A．locate light sources B．learn to find directions
C．detect magnetic fields D．recognize familiar landmarks
17．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense
A．Food in warmer waters.
B．Bright sunlight from the sky.
C．Help from adult loggerheads.
D．Weak light reflected off the ocean.
18．What is the significance of Dr Lohmann’s research work
A．It provides more insight into the magnetic field.
B．It improves accuracy in keeping track of turtles.
C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.
D．It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment.
19．What could be the best title of the passage
A．Experiments on Loggerheads
B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle
C．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass”
D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals
The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.
While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.
For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.
Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.
What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.
Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane (甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.
A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.
20．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．These ads deserve little consideration.
B．We should spread the message of these ads.
C．We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.
D．These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.
21．What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers
A．They are likely to cause poisoning.
B．Their use is within the normal range.
C．Some have not been used in hamburgers.
D．They are used to ensure burgers taste good.
22．What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers
A．Supportive. B．Neutral.
C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful.
23．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
Imagine being able to go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto (座右铭) is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!”
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian.
Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and empeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina S umel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.
24．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The process of Andernach’s growth.
B．The green food project in Andernach.
C．Methods of planting vegetables in Europe.
D．The popularity of Andernach’s city design.
25．What is the attitude of the local historian mentioned in paragraph 2 towards the project
A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent.
C．Positive. D．Negative.
26．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Green urban food has drawn more attention.
B．German rural areas will follow the trend too.
C．Asia will join the Edible Cities Network soon.
D．Edible cities hold meetings on a regular base.
27．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．Start a Green Food Campaign Now
B．Gain Easy Access to German Food
C．Quick Response to Climate Change
D．An Incredible “Edible City” Initiative
The battle to contain the global obesity crisis speeded up as American public health experts pressed for a sugar tax on the country’s most popular source of refreshment — sweetened carbonated drinks and fruit juices.
In what is certain to become a worldwide debate on the use of sanctions (制裁) to deal with obesity, a group led by academics from Yale and Harvard universities proposed a “cola war”, with a 1 cent tax per fluid ounce on sweetened beverages, raising the price of the average can of cola by 15 to 20 percent. They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity.
“The reasons to proceed are convincing. The science base linking the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to the risk of chronic disease is clear. Research suggests a tax would have strong positive effects on reducing consumption. We believe that taxes on beverages that help drive the obesity epidemic should and will become routine,” the experts say in the New England Journal of Medicine.
British nutrition specialists backed the move but said other sanctions, such as a tariff (关税) on sugar imports, could have the same impact but be less politically arguable.
Tam Fry, spokesman for UK National Obesity Forum, said: “We have got to start thinking very seriously about taxing unhealthy food and drink as part of the drive to improve the nation’s health and cut obesity. The amount of sugar that goes into these soft drinks is surprising and it has a double whammy, increasing obesity and rotting teeth.”
The US proposal follows a report by the respected Institute of Medicine this month calling for an increase in local taxes on soft drinks and junk food. In the UK, the British Medical Association narrowly defeated a proposal for a chocolate tax at its annual meeting.
Consumption of fizzy drinks, fruit juices, smoothies and other sweetened beverages is rising rapidly around the world and is recognized as a major contributor to the obesity epidemic, especially among children. Americans are drinking twice as much of the drinks as they did 25 years ago, and they now contribute 172 calories daily to the average US child’s diet. Experts say the UK is close behind.
Jack Winkler, professor of nutrition policy at London Metropolitan University, said: “I support this. It would be a massive public acknowledgement about the danger sugar poses to health.” But he proposed raising the price of sugar permanently by reforming the world goods markets. Charging tariffs, which are invisible, would be much better than raising taxes, he said. The British Nutrition Foundation said that, instead of altering food choices, increasing taxes “could simply mean higher prices for consumers — especially those on lower incomes”.；
28．According to the passage, the sugar tax on the popular sweetened drinks and fruit juices is proposed .
A．to warn the public that such drinks are harmful and poisonous
B．to restrict the production and elimnate the global obesity crisis
C．to start a worldwide debate on the strategies to deal with obesity crisis
D．to reduce calorie consumption and raise money to fight against obesity；
29．The word “whammy” in paragraph 5 can best be replaced by .
A．reason B．blow C．aim D．struggle；
30．Which of the following cannot be true according to the passage
A．Now it is urgent to deal with the obesity epidemic in the United States and Britain.
B．The British people consume more soft drinks and fruit juices than the Americans do today.
C．The consumption of sweetened soft drinks and fruit juices is rising rapidly around the world.
D．Americans are drinking twice as much compared with the amount a quarter of a century ago.；
31．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Ban on Carbonated Drinks and Fruit Juices
B．Link between Sweetened Beverages and Obesity
C．Demand for Economic Measures to Reduce Obesity
D．The High Consumption and Rising Price of Soft Drinks
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
To live a long and healthy life could be the dream for most of us. Unfortunately, diseases and other problems may shorten our life, making the dream impossible. 32 .
We can’t control what happens around the world, but we can control what we put in our mouth. When it comes to eating, many studies have shown that a special way of eating will obviously reduce the risk of serious diseases and some cancers. 33 . Are you curious about this way of diet Let me tell you. It is the vegetarian or plant-based diet, whose achieve-a-longer- life benefits have been proven by many health experts.
Vegetarian or plant-based diets are usually rich in nutrition. They help to protect against illness and lengthen life as well. 34 . For example, they take regular exercise and avoid junk foods. These choices are very helpful in making life longer. Those who follow this way of eating usually have lower blood pressure, and lower risk of developing cancers and lower chances of heart diseases.
Many researchers show that diets with these plant foods help to lengthen life because of what they contain. 35 . It is proven that diets rich in such nutrition can protect us against obesity, cancers and heart diseases, which consequently leads to good health.
36 . They have a longer life than meat-eaters with fewer health issues along the way.
【选项】
A．Here are some useful tips for you to eat better
B．These diets contain plenty of fibre and plant protein
C．Thus, this way of diet will probably lead to a longer life
D．Yet the vegetarian diet doesn't contain any animal products
E．However, our dream can be achieved by following a particular diet
F．In a word, people who follow vegetarian diets will likely live longer
G．Many people who follow this eating pattern also make healthy lifestyle choices
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
选词填空
prior to; on the other hand; at a minimum; refer to; hand in hand; slice off; consist of; put more simply
37． , we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.
38．If you want to make progress, you should spend two hours every evening studying .
39．Please the top quarter of the loaf.
40．The band three guitarists and a drummer.
41．The doctor his experiences fighting against pneumonia caused by COVID-19.
42． the meeting, we discussed the matter among ourselves.
43．As the youth of the new era, on the one hand, we should be bold; , we should be modest and learn from others.
44．We walked in silence along the beautiful path.
用方框内的单词或短语的适当形式填空，其中有两个多余选项。
delicate; approve; promote; occupy; motivate; on display; adapt to
45．There will be varieties of artworks in the art exhibition to be held on Saturday.
46．The eye is one of the most organs of the body, so we should cherish it.
47．Most people no longer of smoking in public places.
48．The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to the change.
49．But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been with checking my phone.
根据句意选择适当的短语，并用短语的正确形式填空。其中有两个多余短语。
break down, subscribe to, regardless of, once and for all, be exposed to, be to blame, be comprised of, participate in, break out
50．The group ______ two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer.
51．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and ______ barriers.
52．All the scientists present at the conference ______ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
53．With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that the dangerous gas ______.
54．My friend said that he was willing to ______ the voluntary activity.
55．______ English frequently enables us to have a good knowledge of this language.
56．The Internet makes everything easy and convenient, ______ time and space.
从下面短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
for sale be used to wake up turn to feel down look up hand over throw in call in do sb. good
57．The boy and saw a beautiful bird in the tree.
58．The sign on that house says “ ”. Shall we find out the price
59．If you have any questions，you can the council at any time.
60．The old manager all his work to his son before leaving the office.
61．Most of us in China eating with chopsticks rather than knives and forks.
Complete the sentenced with the correct forms of the words in the box.
limit chairman protein category chew calorie dessert pork madam somewhat quantity canteen cafeteria association
62．I’m glad that I’m consuming fewer this week. Hopefully I have lost some weight.
63．Almonds are full of ,which is fundamental for body building.
64．Coffee and tea will usually be served with
65．It is wasteful to consume such vast of food and drink at a birthday party.
66．She gave the children some teething biscuits to during the long car journey
67．There are two of protein— animal protein and vegetable protein.
68．Alexander is the new of the French Cuisine
69．Tom prefers roast lamb to roast because it is more tender, in his opinion.
70．What would you like to have for the main course,
71．I usually have lunch in the school ,since it is more convenient and comfortable.
72．It is now accepted that people should themselves to only a few cups of coffee a day for the sake of their health.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
73．Rock music consists many different styles. (用适当的词填空)
74．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement (reach). （所给词的适当形式填空）
75．When she woke up, she found that her house (destroy) by the thunderstorm.
76．He couldn't enter the house, for he (leave) his key at school.
77．My classmate said he (give) the book to the English teacher.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
78．假定你是李华，在本周学校升旗仪式中，你被选为高二学生代表为全校师生做一次演讲，主题为：做新时代新青年，杜绝不文明行为。请用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.演讲主题；
2.你的发现；
3.你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数100词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】need、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语、名词、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、自然生态、计划与愿望、说明文、饮食
【答案】
1．D
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．B
10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家提出五步计划来解决氮的双面问题，即氮对空气的污染和对提高粮食产量的重要作用；
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是氮，以及它在商业化肥中的大量使用，也会导致空气污染和气候变化。A. positive积极的；B. favorable有利的，赞许的；C. collective集体的，共同的；D. abundant大量的，丰富的。根据后文“their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).”可知氮的使用对环境的消极影响很多，因此是氮在商业化肥中有大量的使用。故选D项；
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明，它们的使用还会造成空气污染，增加癌症发病率，减少生物多样性，以及释放气体(笑气)。 A. promotes促进，提升；B. descends下降； C. reduces减少； D. expands扩大，增加。根据前文“ its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change.”可知氮的使用导致环境污染和气候变化，那么生物生存的自然环境被改变了，生物多样性也就减少了。故选C项；
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但氮帮助养活了世界上大约一半的人口，在可预见的未来仍是必不可少的。A. shelter掩蔽，收容；B. feed喂养；C. rescue援救；D. adjust调整。根据前文连词But,表示转折，上一段说明氮的消极影响，那么本段说明氮的积极影响，结合后文提到的人口，可知氮帮助养活了世界上约一半人口。故选B项；
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着化肥价格的上涨，许多发展中国家无法获得化肥，从而对粮食安全构成威胁。A. take account of考虑到；B. take charge of负责；C. look up to尊敬；D. have access to使用，接近，可以利用。根据前文“With prices of fertilizer rising”和后文“with resulting threats to food security”可知化肥价格上涨，粮食安全受到威胁，可知许多发展中国家没有化肥。故选D项；
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。 A. advantage优势；B. concept概念；C. challenge 挑战；D. composition成分，作品。根据下文文“ both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.” 可知全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。故选C项；
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一组科学家提出了一个五步计划来解决这个双面问题。A. two-sided两方面的；B. self-contradictory自相矛盾的；C. not-so-distant不远的；D. energy-consuming耗能的，费精力的。根据前文提到的氮问题面临的挑战，即氮的过渡使用和有些地方没有氮，可知这是一个双面问题。故选A项；
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领导者Benjamin Houlton解释说，只有采取全面的方法，结合解决方案，才能在两个层面上解决问题。 A. respectable值得尊重的，体面的；B. comprehensive综合性的，全面的； C. substantial大量的，基本的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据前文提到的氮面临的双面问题可知需要采取全面的解决办法以解决问题。故选B项；
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定的五个步骤包括改变农业做法，将肥料运送到需要的地方，减少氮污染，最后，减少食物浪费和促进饮食的改变。A. transforming转变；B. exercising运动，练习；C. depriving夺去；D. concealing隐藏，掩饰。根据首段提到的氮在商业化肥中的过渡使用导致了很多环境问题，因此需要改变农业做法，以减少氮在商业化肥中的使用。故选A项；
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. former前者的；B. latter 后者的；C. prior先前的，事先的；D. rare 稀有的。根据句后文“approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted”可知全球约四分之一的粮食生产被浪费，因此前文提到的五个步骤中，后面两个与食物浪费和饮食有关的步骤最为重要。故选B项；
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. supply 供应；B. demand需求；C. wrapping包装；D. advertising广告。根据前文提到的粮食被浪费，结合空后的chain,可知是供应链食物被浪费了。故选A项；
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. applied应用；B. adapted适应；C. addressed 演说，解决；D. appealed呼吁，上诉，吸引。根据前文提到的粮食浪费，结合fertilizer可知是被应用到庄稼上的氮化肥被浪费了。故选A项；
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是传达了一个鼓舞人心的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore 此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Likewise同样地。根据前文“Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion.”可知，在现有的气候灾难中增加氮可能会导致资源枯竭，结合后文“he has an encouraging message. ”可知前后是转折关系。故选C项；
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说:“事实是，氮是一种祸根，也是一种良药。A. toast 烤面包片，庆祝；B. curse祸根，诅咒；C. fault错误，责任；D. trick技巧，花招。根据前文提到的增加的消极影响，和后文令人鼓舞的信息，可知Benjamin认为氮既是导致问题的原因（祸根），也可以解决问题的办法（福音）。故选B项；
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你能减少氮的溢出，你就能迅速使系统恢复到原始状态。A. original原始的；B. preferable更好的，更合适的；C. traditional传统的；D. disposable一次性的。根据前文“ if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen”可知，如果解决氮的过渡使用，那么引起的环境问题也能解决，即使生态系统就可以回到原始状态。故选A项；
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于氮，你可以立即获得投资回报。” A. plentiful丰富的；B. visual视觉的；C. mutual相互的；D. immediate立刻的。根据前文“We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. ”可知我们每向空气中排放一分子二氧化碳，就会锁定30到50年的气候影响，即CO2的影响是漫长的，根据后文But，表示转折，可知氮给我们的回报是快速的。故选D项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】文章大意、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】16．B 17．D 18．D 19．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感。它帮助它们找到寻找食物和家园海滩的最佳地点，文章对此进行了详细介绍。
【解析】16．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Scientists already know that several other animals, like whales, can detect magnetic fields, but they only learn from their parents the way to go home. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home.(科学家们已经知道，其他一些动物，如鲸鱼，可以探测到磁场，但它们是向父母学习回家的路。红海龟在作为卵的时候被遗弃，因此必须学会使用它们的磁感应来找到回家的路。)”可知，红海龟和鲸鱼的不同之处在于它们学习寻找方向的途径。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set, where they can find food.(然而，有少量的光被海洋反射。朝有光的地方走可以帮助它们快速到达巢穴，找到食物。)”可知，新生红海龟需要从海洋反射出来的微弱的光来设置它们的磁感。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr Lohmann’s work has led people to protect turtles’ habitat.(罗曼博士的工作引导人们保护海龟的栖息地。)”可知，罗曼博士研究工作的意义是有助于保护红海龟的生存环境。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to Dr Lohmann, loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.(根据罗曼博士的说法，红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感。它帮助它们找到寻找食物和家园海滩的最佳地点。)”可知，这篇文章主要是讲红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感，可以帮助它们寻找方向。故选C。
【知识点】卫生与健康、推理判断、时事热点、科普知识、议论文、词句猜测、饮食
【答案】
20．C；
21．B；
22．A；
23．D
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。针对植物性汉堡的出现，牛肉行业强烈抵制,并例举了植物性汉堡诸多的问题；但作者认为植物性汉堡既能满足肉类需求，又能提供蛋白质，且气候足迹更小，是一种潜在的环境改变者。
20．
词义猜测题。根据第三段中For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods.例如，一个广告中强调的植物性肉类的添加剂和防腐剂听起来确实很可怕。谁想在他们的饮食中加入二氧化钛？但事实是，诸如广告中所列的那些添加剂经常用于各种包装食品中。广告说的添加剂和防腐剂不一定其他食物中没有，因此可猜测，划线句it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.意为“看这些广告时我们最好小心些。”故选C项。
21．
推理判断题。根据第三段中But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.但事实是，诸如广告中所列的那些添加剂经常用于各种包装食品中。如果甲基纤维素，一种食物增稠剂，听起来让人不舒服，那它和你从普通肉类中得到的沙门氏菌中毒相比真的是微不足道。由此判断出，植物性汉堡中的添加剂和防腐剂它们的使用在正常范围内。故选B项。
22．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.一种以植物为基础的肉类，既能满足肉类需求，又能提供蛋白质，但气候足迹更小，这是一种潜在的环境改变者，也是“不可能的食物”在2019年获得联合国全球气候行动奖的原因之一。难怪肉类行业如此警惕。由此判断出，作者是支持植物性汉堡的。故选A项。
23．
推理判断题。根据第一段中The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry.可知是介绍引出植物性汉堡；接下来The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.提出了反对植物性汉堡的观点；第三段中it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt提出了另一种观点，即植物性汉堡是可行的；第四和第七段是支持植物性汉堡的；第五和第六段是反对植物性汉堡；最后一段是作者的总结和看法。因此文章中思想的发展结构应该是选项D。故选D项。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、说明文、饮食
【答案】
24．B
25．C
26．A
27．D
【详解】
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.”（2010年，安德纳赫开始了“可食用城市”项目，在市中心周围的公共绿地种植了101种西红柿。这里的3万名居民和其他游客一样，可以随意摘取任何生长的植物。每年都会引进一种新的植物。2011年种植了100种豆子，2012年引进了20种洋葱。）可知，第一段主要讲的是安德纳赫的绿色食品项目。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need.”（我经常顺便去摘一些我在家缺的草药。一切都很容易获得。没有任何栅栏。你只需要拿你需要的。）可知，这名当地的历史学家经常去采摘药草，并觉得这是很方便的。由此推知，这名历史学家对项目持支持的态度。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段“Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and empeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina S umel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.”（安德纳赫可能是第一个可食用城市，但它并不是唯一一个可食用城市。这是“可食用城市网络”的一部分，该网络是一个由欧盟资助的项目，将世界各地的绿色城市食品倡议(绿色城市食品倡议)联系在一起。其他可食用的城市包括突尼斯的迦太基、古巴的哈瓦那和斯洛文尼亚的 empeter-Vrtojba。2022年2月，首届“可食用城市网络会议”召开。食用城市网络首席研究员Ina S umel博士称这是“一个独特的机会，邀请食用城市解决方案的研究人员和实践者坐在同一张桌子上，将理论与实践结合起来”。）可推知，绿色城市食品引起了越来越多的关注。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文以及最后一段“Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.”（“可食城市网络”的最终目标是打造“更绿色、更可食、最重要的是更宜居的城市”。这是对气候变化压力的回应，也是希望的源泉。）可知，本文主要介绍了德国城市Andernach的“可食用城市”项目及其所属的“可食用城市网络”项目在全球范围的发展情况。因此，D项“一个令人难以置信的“可食用城市”倡议”最适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。
【知识点】主旨大意、新闻、社会、细节理解、词句猜测、饮食
【答案】
28．D
29．B
30．B
31．C
〖导语〗本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一群学者要求采取经济措施——对加糖碳酸饮料和果汁征收糖税，以此来减少卡路里摄入，筹集资金对抗肥胖症；
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity. (他们说，这将使饮料中的卡路里消耗至少减少10%，并为肥胖症的健康成本贡献近150亿美元)”可知，对流行的甜饮料和果汁征收糖税可以减少卡路里摄入，筹集资金对抗肥胖症。故选D项；
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The amount of sugar that goes into these soft drinks is surprising and it has a double whammy, increasing obesity and rotting teeth. (这些软饮料中的糖量是令人惊讶的，它有双重whammy，增加了肥胖和腐烂的牙齿)”可知，高糖的软饮料会增加饮用者的肥胖和烂牙的几率，对饮用者影响很大，是一个双重打击。由此可知，划线词whammy与blow(打击)意思相近。故选B项；
34．细节理解题。根据第七段最后两句“Americans are drinking twice as much of the drinks as they did 25 years ago, and they now contribute 172 calories daily to the average US child’s diet. Experts say the UK is close behind. (美国人的饮（含糖饮料）是25年前的两倍，现在他们每天为美国儿童的平均饮食贡献了172卡路里。专家表示，英国紧随其后)”可知，相比较，英国人喝软饮料和果汁的量比美国少。由此可知，B项信息错误。故选B项；
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The battle to contain the global obesity crisis speeded up as American public health experts pressed for a sugar tax on the country’s most popular source of refreshment — sweetened carbonated drinks and fruit juices. (随着美国公共卫生专家敦促对美国最受欢迎的茶饮料来源——甜碳酸饮料和果汁征收糖税，遏制全球肥胖危机的斗争加速了)”，以及第二段“In what is certain to become a worldwide debate on the use of sanctions (制裁) to deal with obesity, a group led by academics from Yale and Harvard universities proposed a “cola war”, with a 1 cent tax per fluid ounce on sweetened beverages, raising the price of the average can of cola by 15 to 20 percent. They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity. (在这个肯定会成为一场关于使用（税收）制裁来应对肥胖的全球辩论中，一群由耶鲁大学和哈佛大学的学者提出了一个“可乐战争”，以1美分税收每液体盎司甜饮料，提高可乐的平均价格15%到20%。他们说，这将使饮料中的卡路里消耗至少减少10%，并为肥胖症的健康成本贡献近150亿美元)”可知，本文讲述了一群学者要求采取经济措施以减少肥胖的话题。由此可知，C项“Demand for Economic Measures to Reduce Obesity (要求采取经济措施减少肥胖)”适合作文章的标题。故选C项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】卫生与健康、说明文、饮食
【答案】
32．E
33．C
34．G
35．B
36．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章说明了吃素的人可能更长寿。他们比肉食者寿命更长，健康问题也更少；
32．上文“Unfortunately, diseases and other problems may shorten our life, making the dream impossible. (不幸的是，疾病和其他问题可能缩短我们的寿命，使梦想不可能实现。)”说明由于疾病等问题使人们长寿的梦想不能实现，选项E“然而，我们的梦想可以通过遵循特定的饮食来实现。”承接上文，转折语义，说明通过遵循特定的饮食，长寿的梦想是可以实现的。故选E项；
33．上文“When it comes to eating, many studies have shown that a special way of eating will obviously reduce the risk of serious diseases and some cancers. (说到饮食，许多研究表明，一种特殊的饮食方式将明显降低患严重疾病和某些癌症的风险。)”说明一种特定的饮食方式能降低患重病的风险，选项C“因此，这种饮食方式可能会导致更长寿。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，因为降低了患病风险，所以会更长寿。故选C项；
34．上文“Vegetarian or plant-based diets are usually rich in nutrition. They help to protect against illness and lengthen life as well. (素食或植物性饮食通常营养丰富。它们有助于预防疾病和延长寿命。)”说明素食类饮食有助于延长寿命，选项G“许多遵循这种饮食模式的人也选择了健康的生活方式。”承接上文，说明遵循素食类饮食模式的人还有其他正确的选择。引出下文“For example, they take regular exercise and avoid junk foods. These choices are very helpful in making life longer. (例如，他们经常锻炼，不吃垃圾食品。这些选择对延长寿命非常有帮助。)”举例说明遵循这种饮食模式的人选择的健康生活方式有助长寿。故选G项；
35．上文“Many researchers show that diets with these plant foods help to lengthen life because of what they contain. (许多研究人员表明，食用这些植物性食物会因为它们所含的物质而有助于延长寿命。)”说明这些饮食之所以能够延长寿命是因为它们含有某种物质，选项B“这些饮食含有大量的纤维和植物蛋白。”承接上文，说明这些饮食含有什么样的物质。选项中contain和上文中contain词汇重叠，语义一致。故选B项；
36．下文“They have a longer life than meat-eaters with fewer health issues along the way. (他们比肉食者寿命更长，健康问题也更少。)”说明非肉食者比肉食者寿命更长，选项F“总之，吃素的人可能更长寿。”位于最后一段段首，总结本文主题，说明素食者（即非肉食者）可能更长寿。上下文语义一致。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、动词短语、名词短语
【答案】
37．Put more simply
38．at a minimum
39．slice off
40．consists of
41．referred to
42．Prior to
43．on the other hand
44．hand in hand
【详解】
37．考查动词短语。句意：简单地说，我们要么接受他们的提议，要么破产。分析句子结构可知，本句结构完整，所以空处应作状语，put more simply意为“简单地说”，通常是用于过去分词作状语，符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Put more simply。
38．考查介词短语。句意：如果你想取得进步，你应该每天晚上至少花两个小时学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“至少花两个小时”之意，所以at a minimum意为“至少”符合题意。故填at a minimum。
39．考查动词短语。句意：请把面包上面的四分之一切掉。分析句子结构可知，本句是祈使句型，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，此处表达“把面包上面的四分之一切掉”之意，所以吧slice off意为“从……切下”符合题意。故填slice off。
40．考查动词短语。句意：乐队由三个吉他手和一个鼓手组成。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“乐队由什么组成”之意，所以consist of意为“由……组成”符合题意，主语是band，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填consists of。
41．考查动词短语。句意：医生介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历”之意，所以refer to意为“提及”符合题意，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填referred to。
42．考查介词短语。句意：开会前，我们内部讨论了这件事。根据句意可知，此处表达“开会前”之意，prior to意为“先前的”符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Prior to。
43．考查介词短语。句意：作为新时代的青年，一方面，我们要大胆；另一方面，我们应该谦虚，向别人学习。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：on the one hand，on the other hand意为“一方面，另一方面”。故填on the other hand。
44．考查名词短语。句意：我们默默地手牵手沿着美丽的小路走着。根据句意，此处表达“手牵手走”之意，所以hand in hand意为“手拉手的”符合题意。故填hand in hand。
【知识点】一般现在时、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、形容词作定语、过去完成时的被动语态
【答案】45．on display 46．delicate 47．approve 48．adapt to 49．occupied
【详解】45．考查介词短语。句意：在6日举行的艺术展览会上，将展出各种各样的艺术品。根据“in the art exhibition”可知，此处是指有很多艺术品展出，on display“展出”符合题意，作定语。故填on display。
46．考查形容词。句意：眼睛是人体最脆弱的器官之一，所以我们应该珍惜它。根据常识可知，眼睛是最脆弱的器官，形容词delicate“脆弱的”符合题意，作定语。故填delicate。
47．考查动词。句意：大多数人不再赞成在公共场所吸烟。根据句意，动词approve“赞成”符合题意，approve of“赞成”是固定短语，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填approve。
48．考查动词短语。句意：世界将变得不同，我们必须做好适应这种变化的准备。根据“the change”可知，此处指适应改变，动词短语adapt to“适应”符合题意；be prepared to do sth.“做好准备……”中的to是不定式符号，其后接动词原形。故填adapt to。
49．考查动词和语态。句意：但仔细一想，我发现自己有多少时间都被手机占用了。根据句意，动词occupy“占据”符合题意，此处应用其过去分词形式和had been构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填occupied。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】
50．is comprised of
51．break down
52．subscribed to
53．was to blame
54．participate in
55．Being exposed to
56． regardless of
【详解】
50．考查短语。句意：这个乐队由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名歌手组成。短语be comprised of为“由……组成”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The group，强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。结合句意，故填is comprised of。
51．考查短语。句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，打破障碍。短语break down为“打破”之意。help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。结合句意，故填break down。
52．考查短语。句意：出席会议的所有科学家都同意全球变暖主要是由于燃烧化石燃料造成的这一观点。短语subscribe to为“同意”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填subscribed to。
53．考查短语。句意：有了这个额外的证据，我们可以得出结论，危险气体是罪魁祸首。短语be to blame为“该受责备，应负责任”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填was to blame。
54．考查短语。句意：我的朋友说他愿意参加志愿活动。短语participate in为“参加”之意。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。结合句意，故填participate in。
55．考查短语。句意：经常接触英语能使我们精通这门语言。短语be exposed to为“接触”之意。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。结合句意，故填Being exposed to。
56．考查短语。句意：互联网使一切变得简单方便，不受时间和空间的限制。短语regardless of为“不理，不顾”之意。结合句意，故填regardless of。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、表能力、语法一致、过去完成时
【答案】
57．looked up
58．for sale
59． turn to
60．had handed over
61．are used to
【详解】
57．考查动词短语、时态。句意：男孩抬头一看，看到树上有一只美丽的鸟。根据句意，设空处应选用动词短语look up，意为“仰望”，与saw并列，作谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填：looked up。
58．考查介词短语、时态。句意：那所房子的招牌上写着“待售”。我们来看看价格怎么样？根据句意，设空处应选介词短语for sale，意为“出售”，作says的宾语。故填：for sale。
59．考查“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以随时向理事会求助。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语turn to，意为“求助于”，情态动词can后加动词原形，故填：turn to。
60．考查动词短语、时态。句意：老经理在离开办公室之前把他所有的工作都交给了儿子。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语hand over，意为“移交”，根据时间状语before leaving the office，设空处的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填：had handed over。
61．考查动词短语、时态。句意：在中国，我们大多数人习惯用筷子而不是刀叉吃饭。根据句意，设空处应用动词短语be used to，意为“习惯于”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Most of us，为复数，助动词用are。故填are used to。
【知识点】should、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、副词作状语、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、固定句式和习语
【答案】
62．desserts
63．calories
64．dessert
65． somewhat quantities
66．chew
67．categories
68． chairman association
69．pork
70．madam
71．canteen
72．limit
【详解】
62．考查名词。句意：我很高兴这周我吃的甜点少了。希望我已经减肥了。该空在fewer后面，应为可数名词的复数形式。结合后句意思“希望我减了一些体重”，可知“这周我吃的甜食少”，空格处表示“甜食”，dessert甜食，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填desserts。
63．考查名词。句意：杏仁富含卡路里，这是健身的基础。分析句子结构可知，空处位于介词of后，应填名词，在根据后文“which is fundamental for body building.”可知，calorie意为“卡路里”符合句意要求，又calorie是可数名词，应该用复数形式。故填calories。
64．考查名词。句意：咖啡和茶通常配有甜点。分析句子结构可知，空处位于介词with后，应填名词，所以dessert意为“甜点”符合句意要求。故填dessert。
65．考查副词和名词。句意：在生日聚会上消耗如此大量的食物和饮料有点浪费。分析①空处可知，空处修饰空后的wasteful，应该用副词修饰，所以somewhat意为“有点”符合句意要求，②空处，空前是形容词vast，所以空处应填名词，quantity意为“数量”符合句意要求，quantities of为固定搭配意为“大量的”。故填①somewhat，②quantities。
66．考查动词。句意：她给孩子们一些磨牙饼干，让他们在长途汽车旅行时嚼。分析句子结构可知，空前to是不定式的标志，空处应填动词原形，根据“teething biscuits”可知，chew意为“咀嚼”符合句意要求。故填chew，
67．考查名词。句意：蛋白质有两类——动物蛋白和植物蛋白。分析可知，本句缺少主语，应填名词做主语，根据后文“animal protein and vegetable protein”可知，category意为“类别”符合句意要求，其为可数名词，根据空前的two，应该用复数形式。故填categories。
68．考查名词。句意：亚历山大是法国烹饪协会的新任主席。分析①空处可知，空前是形容词new，所以空处应填名词，chairman意为“主席”符合句意要求，②空处，根据句意，应是association意为“协会”符合句意要求。故填①chairman；②association。
69．考查名词。句意：汤姆喜欢烤羊肉而不喜欢烤猪肉，因为他认为烤羊肉更嫩。根据“roast lamb”可知，空处和lamb对应，所以pork“猪肉”符合句意要求。故填pork。
70．考查名词。句意：夫人，您的主菜要吃什么 根据句意可知，此处是服务员点餐中的问句，所以madam意为“夫人”符合句意要求。故填madam。
71．考查名词。句意：我通常在学校食堂吃午饭，因为它更方便和舒适。根据“have lunch”可知，canteen意为“食堂”符合句意要求，school canteen为固定搭配意为“学校餐厅”。故填canteen。
72．考查动词。句意：为了健康，人们应该限制自己每天只喝几杯咖啡。分析知，空前是情态动词should，所以空处应填动词原形，再根据“only a few cups of coffee a day”可知，limit意为“限制”符合句意要求。故填limit。
五、单句
【知识点】其他介词
73．【答案】of
【详解】
考查介词。句意：摇滚音乐由许多不同的风格组成。根据句意及空前consist可知，此处是固定短语consist of“由……组成”。故填of。
【知识点】过去完成时的被动语态
74．【答案】had been reached
【详解】
考查时态和语态。会议结束时，宣布达成了协议。根据句中时态可知，主句用一般过去时，从句动作reach发生在主句动作之前，所以用过去完成时。从句主语 agreement 与reach之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填had been reached。
【知识点】过去完成时的被动语态
75．【答案】had been destroyed
【知识点】过去完成时
76．【答案】had left
【知识点】过去完成时
77．【答案】had given
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、应用文、演讲稿、申请、请求和建议、饮食
78．【答案】Dear teachers and students,
I’m privileged to give you a speech. Admittedly, we are a generation in a new era. On our shoulders lie new challenges and responsibilities. So we need to sweep away all the uncivilized phenomena in our school first.
Some students take it for granted to waste food. Besides, in the library, certain students speak or talk aloud, disturbing and annoying others. Little as the matters seem to be, we cannot afford to overlook the serious consequences they will bring. So I suggest that the school post more noticeable slogans and make relevant rules to help students get rid of those uncivilized behaviours.
As students in the new era, I sincerely hope that we can become better to make contributions to the society.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英语写一篇演讲稿，主题为：做新时代新青年，杜绝不文明行为。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
此外：Besides → Moreover
忽视：overlook → ignore
后果：consequence → outcome
规则：rules → regulations
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Some students take it for granted to waste food.
拓展句：Some students take it for granted to waste food, which is a shameful behavior.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Besides, in the library, certain students speak or talk aloud, disturbing and annoying others. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型1] So I suggest that the school post more noticeable slogans and make relevant rules to help students get rid of those uncivilized behaviours. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元能力提高综合练习4【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
The arrival of spring always means a trip to the bamboo forest for Kaitlyn Hennacy and her family, followed by an afternoon making bamboo buns (包子). This 1 started when Hennacy’s mother and grandmother discovered 2 bamboo growing near the University of Maryland, where her mom was studying in the early 1990s. Hennacy said her grandmother immigrated to the U. S. from Zhejiang, China, where she 3 cooking with bamboo often.
The trip to 4 bamboo usually happens in late April. Each person in the group has their own bag to 5 as they get each bamboo shoot out of the ground. However, no one picks more bamboo than Grandma. The entire 6 of picking the bamboo and making the buns reminds Hennacy of how 7 her grandma is — and it 8 her own work ethic. “She turned 80 this year and still hikes up a hill,” Hennacy said.
To make buns, the bamboo has to be cut into small pieces and 9 with other fillings. Hennacy learned how to make the buns by 10 her grandma, but she had to work to measure everything and write it down because her grandmother cooks from 11 .
Hennacy said she and her family are 12 to have Grandma living with them. She 13 everyone’s favorite foods and routinely 14 healthy meals. “That’s how 15 a person she is.”
Hennacy said “She shows her love through cooking.”
1．A．season B．journey C．tradition D．gathering
2．A．wild B．dried C．cheap D．tough
3．A．dropped out B．came back C．moved on D．grew up
4．A．eat B．buy C．choose D．collect
5．A．grab B．fill C．carry D．clean
6．A．life B．group C．process D．advantage
7．A．nature-loving B．hard-working C．quick-thinking D．food-enjoying
8．A．honors B．displays C．inspires D．highlights
9．A．mixed B．covered C．paired D．compared
10．A．calling B．visiting C．serving D．watching
11．A．interest B．memory C．practice D．imagination
12．A．ready B．fortunate C．hopeful D．eager
13．A．knows B．accepts C．appreciates D．respects
14．A．wants B．stores C．orders D．fixes
15．A．caring B．daring C．demanding D．promising
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States. People in the U.S. celebrate Thanksgiving on the third Thursday of November. People around the world celebrate Christmas on December 25. Both holidays involve (包含) traditions of cooking very large meals. The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. Turkey and pie are some of the most common foods in these holidays.
Terri Price has hosted a holiday party on the last Saturday before every Christmas for 30 years. It started when her children were very, very small. She has been preparing many of the dishes for most of the 30 years.
But over time, some traditions do change. The Neveldines are a family who hope to be healthier by changing what they eat. Mick Fury, the Neveldine’s oldest child, said this change is important during the holidays and the rest of the year, too.
Mick and his wife, Michelle, try to eat only organic food. Organic food is any plant or animal food product made without the use of unnatural chemicals or processes. But, Mick is not the only Neveldine who changed their diet. Felicia Neveldine, Mick’s sister, decided nine years ago to become a vegan. A vegan is a person who does not eat or use animal products of any kind.
Felicia became a vegan because of her concern for the treatment of animals and the environmental effects of animal farming. She said that her change in diet also improved her health.
Choosing these special diets means the Neveldines choose their foods carefully. Mick grows a garden behind his house where he gets fresh vegetables.
Holiday traditions may not change, but the way these traditions happen just might.
16．What does paragraph I mainly tell us
A．The end-of-year holidays is vital.
B．Heavy food is rich in nutrition.
C．Cooking large meals is a tradition in USA．
D．Heavy food is popular in holidays for Americans.
17．What do we learn about the Neveldines’ holiday diets
A．They have turned healthier. B．They have given up the tradition.
C．They have remained the same. D．They have grown unhealthy.
18．What does the underlined word “vegan” in paragraph 4 mean
A．sportsman. B．vegetarian. C．dieter. D．volunteer.
19．What may be the author’s attitude to traditional heavy food in holidays
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Unclear.
Swiss designer Didier Rudolf Quarroz’s love of Chinese tea culture has inspired him to design innovative new items to brew the tea. Ouarroz developed an interest in Chinese tea after working at a Shanghai-based design company, where he was by chance engaged in a tea project.
His research helped him develop a deep understanding of the differences between Chinese and Western tea products. And this made him think about designing items for foreigners to brew Chinese tea. “I hope to design easy-to-use and modern tea-making tools to help foreigners try Chinese traditional tea and give them an interesting experience in brewing tea,” Quarroz says.
In 2017,he moved to Hangzhou, capital of East China’s Zhejiang province and a major tea-production base, to explore the possibilities of applying Western concepts in designing objects for Chinese tea. “I want to focus on the tea industry, and Hangzhou is a great fit because of the long history and profound culture of tea here,” Quarroz says.
Quarroz began to concentrate on the design of a tea infuser (注射器) to make brewing easier for foreigners. It’s a glass container with a silicone (硅胶) lid. All users need to do is to put the leaves inside, place it in a cup and add hot water.” The infuser can be taken out from the cup easily without users’ fingers being hurt by the hot water,” Quarroz says.
Hangzhou has a booming tea industry, which has offered the Swiss designer many opportunities to cooperate with local plantations and companies. “Driven by the love of Chinese tea, I cooperate with local companies and help them to develop new kinds of tea products. Also, we sometimes organize workshops to introduce different teas to the public,” Quarroz says.
Hangzhou also enables smooth business operations, he adds. “In general, it is easy to start a business in Hangzhou. And the government and agencies are increasing efforts to help and support young entrepreneurs, including us from foreign countries,” he adds. Quarroz says he plans to design 10 innovative tea-related products by combining Chinese tea culture with international elements.
20．Quarroz’s new items have the following features EXCEPT .
A．being designed by hand B．using Western concepts
C．making brewing easier for foreigners D．providing interesting brewing experiences
21．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to the .
A．container B．infuser C．lid D．leaf
22．What makes Hangzhou an ideal place for Quarroz to start a business in China
A．Quarroz obtained many chances to cooperate with state-owned companies.
B．Hangzhou features a newly-built tea industry and has abundant tea projects.
C．Hangzhou organizes many workshops to introduce different teas to the public.
D．Quarroz can receive much help and support from the government and agencies.
23．What type of writing is the passage
A．A biography. B．A news story.
C．A travel journal. D．An advertisement.
Margot doesn’t have a garbage can. It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.
“Food waste has been increasing as an issue for restaurants over the last 10 years,” says Calvin Brown. He runs the Sustainable Restaurant Association. Based in the United Kingdom, the organization helps food business become more environmentally responsible. He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.
In the USA, food waste and packing account for nearly half of the material sent to landfills. Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.
Avoiding food waste is the first and perhaps most obvious challenge for sustainable restaurants. Doug McMaster, chef at Silo in London, only serves a set menu. This removes the worry that one particular item won’t sell well, and will spoil in the post (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.
Sometimes restaurants call themselves environmentally friendly, but they might just be using the label. Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.
24．What does Margot feature
A．Its large size. B．Its opening hours.
C．Its zero-waste goal. D．Its plastic garbage cans.
25．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Ways of packaging food.
B．The issue of investing in services.
C．The importance of environmental protection.
D．Efforts of some restaurants to reduce rubbish,
26．Which of the following does Nolla try to do
A．Only serve a set menu.
B．Hardly use refrigerators.
C．Supply compost to its customers.
D．Keep track of diners’ preferences.
27．What does Calvin think restaurants should do
A．Expand food business.
B．Use eco-friendly labels.
C．Save money on dealing with kitchen garbage.
D．Contribute to sustainable development of the food industry.
B
本文节选自：New Scientist 《新科学家》
A high-protein diet may promote deeper sleep，according to a study that found mice and flies that eat more protein are less likely to wake up from movement-related disturbances.“When you go to sleep，you stop consciously perceiving the world，including things that may disrupt sleep，” says Dragana Rogulja at Harvard University. “We wanted to understand how it is that you can suppress sensory arousal.”
She and her colleagues assessed how 3,400 genes influence sleep in fruit flies. Working with groups of eight flies，they silenced each of these genes in isolation，for a total of 27,200 gene-edited flies. The researchers monitored the flies as they slept on platforms atop loudspeakers，which intermittently produced vibrations.
Low-frequency vibrations woke up about 85 per cent of the flies that had one of two genes silenced: the first governs the production of a chemical messenger known as CCHa1，which regulates circadian behaviour，and the other governs the receptor for CCHa1. Both genes are expressed in the nervous system and the gut. Removing these genes from the gut alone was enough to make the insects more likely to wake up during vibrations. Further analysis found that certain cells in the gut produce CCHa1 when exposed to proteins. CCHa1 then travels from the gut to the brain where it suppresses arousal during sleep.
Taken together，these findings suggest that protein plays a role in preventing arousal during sleep. To confirm this，the team fed flies either a high-protein diet or a regular diet for one day. Half as many flies on the high-protein diet woke up in response to vibrations as flies on a regular diet. A similar experiment in mice produced comparable results.
The findings also only apply to mechanical stimuli like shaking. The genetic alterations didn’t change how easily animals awoke to other disturbances like heat or sound，meaning many other pathways control arousal during sleep as well，says Rogulja.
28．What do paragraphs 2,3 and 4 mainly talk about
A．The grouping of gene-edited flies.
B．The process of the study.
C．Further analysis of gene-edited flies.
D.All the flies are easy to wake up.
29．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The outcomes of the study are generalized.
B．More pathways have been found.
C．More research needs conducting.
D．The genetic change transforms animals’ behavior.
30．What’s the best title of the text
A．Deeper Sleep Can Be Rewarded for High-protein Diets
B．Consuming More Fatty Foods Ensures Sound Sleep
C．Eating More Processed Foods Benefits Health
D．Low-protein Diets Is Good for Sleep
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 31 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 32 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 33 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
34 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 35 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
【选项】
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
选词填空
prior to; on the other hand; at a minimum; refer to; hand in hand; slice off; consist of; put more simply
36． , we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.
37．If you want to make progress, you should spend two hours every evening studying .
38．Please the top quarter of the loaf.
39．The band three guitarists and a drummer.
40．The doctor his experiences fighting against pneumonia caused by COVID-19.
41． the meeting, we discussed the matter among ourselves.
42．As the youth of the new era, on the one hand, we should be bold; , we should be modest and learn from others.
43．We walked in silence along the beautiful path.
根据句意用所给单词或短语的正确形式填空
put...at risk not to mention make a joint effort have an influence on.... other than for good lose one's temper at a great cost persuade sb. to （do...）（be）engaged in （be）equipped with in vain have advantages over bring forth appropriate rewarding
44．You must think all the details over before taking action, or the safety of people will .
45．The injury is so serious that it might keep him out of football .
46．Sorry, I don't think this is a（n） time to mention the subject of money.
47．I know the job I'm doing is and is worth all my efforts.
48．They were given nothing dry bread and water for their evening meal.
49．People across the country are to help those affected by the natural disaster.
50． skills and knowledge, the graduates from our school feel confident about their future.
51．Pollution has a negative effect on people's health, the damage to the environment.
52．You will not be able to convince others unless you your evidence.
53．His efforts were not ； his son has become a useful person.
54．Before we carried out the detox, over 100 students stop using social media.
55．He finally achieved what he set out to do, but .
56．We went into the room and found him a very violent argument with his partner.
57．The reform and opening-up policy Chinese society since it was implemented.
58．The man apologized to his wife for at the party, promising he'd never do that again.
根据句意选择适当的短语，并用短语的正确形式填空。其中有两个多余短语。
break down, subscribe to, regardless of, once and for all, be exposed to, be to blame, be comprised of, participate in, break out
59．The group ______ two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer.
60．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and ______ barriers.
61．All the scientists present at the conference ______ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
62．With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that the dangerous gas ______.
63．My friend said that he was willing to ______ the voluntary activity.
64．______ English frequently enables us to have a good knowledge of this language.
65．The Internet makes everything easy and convenient, ______ time and space.
从下面短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
for sale be used to wake up turn to feel down look up hand over throw in call in do sb. good
66．The boy and saw a beautiful bird in the tree.
67．The sign on that house says “ ”. Shall we find out the price
68．If you have any questions，you can the council at any time.
69．The old manager all his work to his son before leaving the office.
70．Most of us in China eating with chopsticks rather than knives and forks.
选词填空
in memory of, take place, bring forth, carry on, set down, at a great cost, look to, step by step, set…apart from, be engaged in, set foot in, in vain
71．They are the new leader to bring the country out of the crisis.
72．We have checked with the department concerned and find that the meeting will as planned.
73．Some problems must be solved , through consultation.
74．I read his article again and again, trying hard to understand what he was saying but .
75．As a stranger here, hardly had I the area when I realized I was lost.
76．The congress opened with a minute’s silence those who died in the struggle.
77．He does wholesale business, while his brother retail (零售) business.
78．China has taken effective steps to defeat COVID-19, although .
79．These Communist Party members are determined to a bitter struggle to transform the mountain area in five years.
80．Jiuqu Stream is others due to its rich waterfall based on the forest coverage in Wuyi Mountains.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
81．I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing (happen).
82．My good relationship in my honesty，so I will be in the way I treat those around me.(consist)
83．I would rather that I （junk）the bad eggs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
84．His pale face suggests he (stay) up late yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
85．Jack told me that the junk food (consume) half an hour before. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
86．假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Harry非常喜欢中国茶文化。近期你市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展（China Tea Culture Expo)。请写一封信告知Harry这一消息。内容包括：
1、时间地点；
2、展览内容；
3、适当的开头和结尾。
注意：
1、写作词数应为120左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Harry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、记叙文、饮食
【答案】
1． C
2． A
3． D
4． D
5． B
6． C
7． B
8． C
9． A
10．D
11．B
12．B
13．A
14．D
15．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是姥姥为全家人制作家乡的传统美食——竹笋包子，用烹饪的方式向家人传递她的爱。
【详解】
1． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个传统始于Hennacy的母亲和姥姥在马里兰大学附近发现了野生竹子，Hennacy的母亲20世纪90年代初在马里兰大学读书。A. season 季节；B. journey 旅程；C. tradition 传统；D. gathering 聚会。根据上文“The arrival of spring always means a trip to the bamboo forest for Kaitlyn Hennacy and her family, followed by an afternoon making bamboo buns (包子)”可知，春天到了后去竹林旅行，下午做竹笋包子，这是他们一家的传统。故选C项。
2． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个传统始于Hennacy的母亲和姥姥在马里兰大学附近发现了野生竹子，Hennacy的母亲20世纪90年代初在马里兰大学读书。A. wild 野生的；B. dried 干的；C. cheap 便宜的；D. tough 困难的。根据下文“growing near the University of Maryland”可知，Hennacy的母亲和姥姥在马里兰大学附近发现了野生竹子。故选A项。
3． 考查动词短语语义辨析。句意：Hennacy说，她的姥姥从中国浙江移民到美国，她在中国浙江长大，经常用竹笋做饭。A. dropped out 退出；B. came back 回来；C. moved on 继续前进；D. grew up 长大。根据上文“Hennacy said her grandmother immigrated to the U.S. from Zhejiang”和下文“cooking with bamboo often”可知，她的姥姥在中国浙江，经常用竹笋做饭，也就是在长大的过程中经常用竹笋做饭。故选D项。
4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：采竹笋之旅通常发生在四月底。A. eat 吃；B. buy 买；C. choose 选择；D. collect 采集。根据下文“they get each bamboo shoot out of the ground”可知，在四月底时他们会去采竹笋。故选D项。
5． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小组里的每个人都有自己的包，当他们把每根竹笋从地里拔出来时，他们都有自己的包来装竹笋。A. grab 抓住；B. fill 填充；C. carry 携带；D. clean 清洁。根据上文“their own bag”和下文“they get each bamboo shoot out of the ground”可知，他们把竹笋拔出来，然后装在包里，也就是填满他们的包。故选B项。
6． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：摘竹笋和做包子的整个过程让Hennacy想起了她姥姥的勤劳——这也激发了她自己的职业道德。A. life 生活；B. group 组；C. process 过程；D. advantage 优点。根据下文“picking the bamboo and making the buns”可知，摘竹笋和做包子是一个完整的过程。故选C项。
7． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：摘竹笋和做包子的整个过程让Hennacy想起了她姥姥的勤劳——这也激发了她自己的职业道德。A. nature-loving 热爱自然的；B. hard-working 勤劳的；C. quick-thinking 脑子反应快的；D. food-enjoying 享受食物的。根据上文“picking the bamboo and making the buns”可知，摘竹笋，做包子，这是勤劳的人才会做出来的。故选B项。
8． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：摘竹笋和做包子的整个过程让Hennacy想起了她姥姥的勤劳——这也激发了她自己的职业道德。A. honors 尊敬；B. displays 展示；C. inspires 激发；D. highlights 突出。根据下文“her own work ethic”可知，摘竹笋和做包子的整个过程激发了Hennacy自己的职业道德。故选C项。
9． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要做包子，竹笋必须切成小块，并与其他馅料混合。A. mixed 混合；B. covered 覆盖；C. paired 配对；D. compared 比较。根据上文“the bamboo has to be cut into small pieces”和下文“with other fillings”可知，竹笋要和其他馅料混合。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hennacy是通过看姥姥学做包子的，但她必须把每样东西都量好并记下来，因为姥姥是凭记忆做饭的。A. calling 打电话；B. visiting 参观；C. serving 服务；D. watching 看。根据上文“Hennacy learned how to make the buns”和下文“her grandma”可知，Hennacy是通过看姥姥学做包子的。故选D项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hennacy是通过看姥姥学做包子的，但她必须把每样东西都量好并记下来，因为姥姥是凭记忆做饭的。A. interest 兴趣；B. memory 记忆；C. practice 练习；D. imagination 想象力。根据上文“her grandmother cooks from”和第一段“where she 3 cooking with bamboo often”可知，她的姥姥以前经常用竹笋做饭，所以是凭记忆做饭。故选B项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hennacy说，她和她的家人很幸运，有姥姥和他们住在一起。A. ready 准备好的；B. fortunate 幸运的；C. hopeful 有希望的；D. eager 急切的。根据下文“have Grandma living with them”可知，有姥姥和他们住在一起，Hennacy觉得她和她的家人很幸运。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道每个人最喜欢的食物，并定期准备健康膳食。A. knows 知道；B. accepts 接受；C. appreciates 欣赏；D. respects 尊敬。根据下文“She shows her love through cooking.”可知，Hennacy的姥姥知道每个人最喜欢的食物。故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道每个人最喜欢的食物，并定期准备健康膳食。A. wants 想要；B. stores 储存；C. orders 命令；D. fixes 安排。根据下文“She shows her love through cooking.”可知，Hennacy的姥姥爱家人，会定期为家人安排健康膳食。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她就是这么关心人。A. caring 关心他人的；B. daring 大胆的；C. demanding 要求高的；D. promising 有前途的。根据上文“She 13 everyone’s favorite foods and routinely 14 healthy meals.”可知，Hennacy的姥姥知道家里每个人最喜欢的食物，所以是很关心家人的。故选A项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．B 19．B
【分析】本文是说明文。丰富、重口的食物是美国年末假期的主要部分。这些餐点的食物通常含有大量的糖、盐和黄油，不利于健康，传统的食物正在发生变化，人们开始喜欢食用更加健康的食物。
【解析】16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States. People in the U.S. celebrate Thanksgiving on the third Thursday of November. People around the world celebrate Christmas on December 25. Both holidays involve (包含) traditions of cooking very large meals. The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. Turkey and pie are some of the most common foods in these holidays. (丰富、重口的食物是美国年末假期的主要部分。美国人民在十一月的第三个星期四庆祝感恩节。世界各地的人们在12月25日庆祝圣诞节。这两个节日都有烹饪大餐的传统。这些餐点的食物通常含有大量的糖、盐和黄油。火鸡和馅饼是这些假期中最常见的食物。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了美国人在假期里很喜欢重口味的食物。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The Neveldines are a family who hope to be healthier by changing what they eat. (内维尔丁一家希望通过改变饮食来变得更健康。)”可推知，Neveldines这家人的节日食物变得更健康了。故选A。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“A vegan is a person who does not eat or use animal products of any kind. (vegan是指不吃或不使用任何种类的动物产品的人。)”可知，不吃或不使用任何种类的动物产品的人被称为素食主义者，由此可知，划线单词vegan意为“素食主义者”，与B项“vegetarian.(素食主义者。)”意思一样，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States...The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. (丰盛、重口味的食物是美国年终假期的主要组成部分……这些餐点中的食物通常含有大量的糖、盐和黄油。)”和最后一段“Holiday traditions may not change, but the way these traditions happen just might. (节日传统可能不会改变，但这些传统发生的方式可能会改变。)”可知，作者认为传统的重口味食物的方式应该改变，由此可推知，作者对节日传统重食的态度是批判的，故选B。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、细节理解、词句猜测、饮食
【答案】
20．A；
21．B；
22．D；
23．B
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了热爱中国茶的Quarroz设计发明出易于使用的现代泡茶工具的故事。
20．
细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2017, he moved to Hangzhou, capital of East China’s Zhejiang province and a major tea-production base, to explore the possibilities of applying Western concepts in designing objects for Chinese tea.(2017年，他搬到了中国东部浙江省省会杭州，一个重要的茶叶生产基地，探索在中国茶叶设计对象中应用西方概念的可能性)”以及第四段“Quarroz began to concentrate on the design of a tea infuser to make brewing easier for foreigners. It’s a glass container with a silicone lid. All users need to do is to put the leaves inside, place it in a cup and add hot water.(Quarroz开始专注于设计一种茶叶注射器，让外国人更容易冲泡。这是一个带硅胶盖的玻璃容器。使用者所需要做的就是把茶叶放进去，把它放在杯子里，然后加热水)”可知，Quarroz的新产品应用了西方概念，使得泡茶对外国人而言更容易，并可以提供有趣的泡茶经历，并没有提及这一产品是手工制作的。故选A项。
21．
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Quarroz began to concentrate on the design of a tea infuser to make brewing easier for foreigners. It’s a glass container with a silicone lid. All users need to do is to put the leaves inside, place it in a cup and add hot water.(Quarroz开始专注于设计一种茶叶注射器，让外国人更容易冲泡。这是一个带硅胶盖的玻璃容器。使用者所需要做的就是把茶叶放进去，把它放在杯子里，然后加热水)”可知，使用者需要将茶叶放在注射器里，然后将其放在杯子里加热水冲泡，所以it指代的是注射器。故选B项。
22．
细节理解题。根据最后一段““In general, it is easy to start a business in Hangzhou. And the government and agencies are increasing efforts to help and support young entrepreneurs, including us from foreign countries,” he adds.(他补充道：“总的来说，在杭州创业很容易。政府和机构正在加大力度，帮助和支持年轻企业家，包括我们这些外国企业家。”)”可知，杭州成为Quarroz在中国创业的理想之地是由于Quarroz可以从政府和机构那里得到很多帮助和支持。故选D项。
23．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Swiss designer Didier Rudolf Quarroz’s love of Chinese tea culture has inspired him to design innovative new items to brew the tea.(瑞士设计师Didier Rudolf Quarroz对中国茶文化的热爱激发了他设计创新茶具的灵感)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要报道了热爱中国茶的Quarroz设计发明出易于使用的现代泡茶工具的故事，所以文章是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
【知识点】主旨大意、工作与职业、推理判断、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】
24．C；
25．D；
26．C；
27．D
【详解】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的餐饮业在减少食物垃圾方面为食品业的可持续发展所做出的努力。
24．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.(它不需要垃圾桶，因为Margot根本不会导致任何东西被扔掉。这家餐厅不允许使用任何类型的一次性塑料。去年开业的Margot是世界上小型但不断增长的餐厅之一，不仅旨在避免剩菜，也旨在避免任何垃圾。)可知Margot的特点是它的零浪费的目标。故选C项。
25．
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.(从麦当劳到星巴克，许多餐馆都在用“星期一没有吸管”和对一次性塑料的限制来解决这个问题，而一些餐馆老板正试图完全清除垃圾。减少浪费也有经济理由。一项研究表明，餐馆在反浪费方法上每投资1美元，就能节省7美元。)”可知文章第三段主要讲的是一些餐馆在减少垃圾方面所做出的努力。故选D项。
26．
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Compost (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.(堆肥也是一种必需。芬兰赫尔辛基的Nolla(芬兰的意思是“零”)正在为其供应商和食客提供堆肥。)”可知Nolla努力提供堆肥给它的顾客。故选C项。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.(他说，食物浪费导致释放温室气体，所以我们有强烈的动力来减少浪费和帮助环境。)”以及最后一段“Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.(Calvin就如何确保一家餐厅真正致力于可持续发展提供了一些建议。)可知Calvin认为餐厅应该对食品工业的可持续发展作出贡献。故选D项。
【知识点】文章标题、段落大意、科普知识、观点态度、说明文
【答案】28．B　29．C　30．A
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】应用文、饮食
【答案】
31．D
32．F
33．C
34．G
35．B
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项；
31．根据后文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，所以选项D“不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”切合文意。故选D；
32．根据前文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处是讲筷子的摆放方式，所以选项F“不要把它们直立在食物中，也不要在使用时交叉放置”切合文意，选项中的them指的就是本段中的chopsticks。故选F；
33．根据前文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”可知，此处举例说明几个地方的用餐方式，且根据后文“instead preferring to use their hands(相反更喜欢用手)”可知，此处是指不喜欢用餐具用餐，所以选项C“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”切合文意。故选C；
34．根据小标题“Making Requests”(提出要求)可知，此处是讲在用餐时提出要求，根据后文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技巧。)”可知，后文中的this是指要求额外的调料，所以选项G“吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是一个简单的请求”切合文意。故选G；
35．根据后文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处句式为“the more...,the more...”，且its是指“国家的”，所以此处是指在一个国家待的时间越久，选项B“你在某个国家待的时间越久”切合文意。故选B。
【点睛】
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、动词短语、名词短语
【答案】
36．Put more simply
37．at a minimum
38．slice off
39．consists of
40．referred to
41．Prior to
42．on the other hand
43．hand in hand
【详解】
36．考查动词短语。句意：简单地说，我们要么接受他们的提议，要么破产。分析句子结构可知，本句结构完整，所以空处应作状语，put more simply意为“简单地说”，通常是用于过去分词作状语，符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Put more simply。
37．考查介词短语。句意：如果你想取得进步，你应该每天晚上至少花两个小时学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“至少花两个小时”之意，所以at a minimum意为“至少”符合题意。故填at a minimum。
38．考查动词短语。句意：请把面包上面的四分之一切掉。分析句子结构可知，本句是祈使句型，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，此处表达“把面包上面的四分之一切掉”之意，所以吧slice off意为“从……切下”符合题意。故填slice off。
39．考查动词短语。句意：乐队由三个吉他手和一个鼓手组成。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“乐队由什么组成”之意，所以consist of意为“由……组成”符合题意，主语是band，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填consists of。
40．考查动词短语。句意：医生介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历”之意，所以refer to意为“提及”符合题意，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填referred to。
41．考查介词短语。句意：开会前，我们内部讨论了这件事。根据句意可知，此处表达“开会前”之意，prior to意为“先前的”符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Prior to。
42．考查介词短语。句意：作为新时代的青年，一方面，我们要大胆；另一方面，我们应该谦虚，向别人学习。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：on the one hand，on the other hand意为“一方面，另一方面”。故填on the other hand。
43．考查名词短语。句意：我们默默地手牵手沿着美丽的小路走着。根据句意，此处表达“手牵手走”之意，所以hand in hand意为“手拉手的”符合题意。故填hand in hand。
【知识点】will、一般现在时、介词短语、动名词作宾语、固定句式和习语、形容词作定语、形容词作表语、现在进行时的基本用法和结构、过去分词作状语、过去完成时的被动语态
【答案】44．be put at risk 45．for good 46．appropriate 47．rewarding 48．other than 49．making a joint effort 50．Equipped with 51．not to mention 52．bring forth 53．in vain 54．had been persuaded to 55．at a great cost 56．engaged in 57．has had an influence on 58．losing his temper
【详解】44．考查情态动词和被动语态。句意：在采取行动之前，你必须仔细考虑所有的细节，否则人们的安全就会受到威胁。根据前文的“the safety of people”可知此处表示处于危险中，是被动的状态，空前有情态动词will，后面动词需要用原形。故填be put at risk。
45．考查介词短语。句意：伤势很严重，可能使他永远不能参加足球比赛。根据前文的“injury is so serious ”可知，他伤势很严重，可能会使他以后参加不了足球比赛了，for good表示“永久地”，符合句意，故填for good。
46．考查形容词。句意：对不起，我认为现在不是谈论钱这个话题的合适时机。结合句意，此处表示合适的时机。表示“合适的”应用单词appropriate，此处形容词作定语，修饰名词time，故填appropriate。
47．考查形容词。句意：我知道我所做的工作是值得的，值得我付出所有的努力。根据后文的“worth all my efforts”可知空处表示“值得的”，应填形容词rewarding作表语。故填rewarding。
48．考查介词短语。句意: 他们晚餐只分到干面包和水。other than表示“除了”，符合句意可知，晚餐除了干面包和水没有别的东西了，故填other than。
49．考查时态和短语。句意：全国人民正在齐心协力帮助那些受自然灾害影响的人。根据后文的“help those affected by the natural disaster”可知是表述人们共同努力去帮助受自然灾害影响的人，make a joint effort表示共同努力，空前有be动词are，本句表示现在进行时，所以空处应用现在分词形式，故填making a joint effort。
50．考查非谓语动词。句意：具备了技能和知识，我们学校的毕业生对他们的未来充满信心。be equipped with表示具备……，本句已有谓语动词feel ，且句中无连词，所以空处动词是非谓语动词，此处省略be，用过去分词作原因状语，故填Equipped with。
51．考查固定短语。句意：污染对人们的健康有负面影响，更不用说对环境的破坏了。根据前文的“negative effect”和后文的“damage”，此处是补充说明，not to mention表示“更不用说”，符合句意，故填not to mention。
52．考查短语。句意：除非你拿出证据，否则你不能说服别人。bring forth表示“拿出”，是固定短语，符合句意，unless 引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，用一般现在时表将来，故填bring forth。
53．考查介词短语。句意：他的努力没有白费，他的儿子已经成为一个有用之人。根据后文的 “become a useful person”可知此处表示努力没有白费，in vain表示“徒劳”，符合句意，故填in vain。
54．考查时态语态。句意：在我们开展脱瘾行动之前，已有100多名学生被劝说停止使用社交媒体。根据时间“Before we carried out”，此处表示过去的过去，需要用过去完成时态，根据“stop using social media”可知persuade sb. to do（说服某人做某事）复合句意，主语是students，谓语动词是persuade，主谓之间是被动关系，需要用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been persuaded to。
55．考查介词短语。句意：他终于完成了他的计划，但付出了巨大的代价。此处but进行转折，at a great cost表示“付出巨大代价”，符合句意，故填at a great cost。
56．考查过去分词和短语。句意：我们走进房间，发现他正在和同伴激烈地争吵。be engaged in表示参与...，根据find sb+宾补结构，此处需要省略be，用过去分词作宾补，故填engaged in。
57．考查短语和时态。句意：改革开放政策自实施以来，对中国社会产生了巨大影响。此处表示“对……有影响”，应用短语have an influence on，根据时间状语“since it was implemented”可知此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态，故填has had an influence on。
58．考查动名词和短语。句意：这个人因为在聚会上发了脾气向他的妻子道歉，并保证以后再也不那样做了。根据前文的apologized，应用短语lose one's temper，lose one's temper表示发脾气，符合句意，空前有介词for，此处动词应该用动名词作宾语，故填losing his temper。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】
59．is comprised of
60．break down
61．subscribed to
62．was to blame
63．participate in
64．Being exposed to
65． regardless of
【详解】
59．考查短语。句意：这个乐队由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名歌手组成。短语be comprised of为“由……组成”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The group，强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。结合句意，故填is comprised of。
60．考查短语。句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，打破障碍。短语break down为“打破”之意。help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。结合句意，故填break down。
61．考查短语。句意：出席会议的所有科学家都同意全球变暖主要是由于燃烧化石燃料造成的这一观点。短语subscribe to为“同意”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填subscribed to。
62．考查短语。句意：有了这个额外的证据，我们可以得出结论，危险气体是罪魁祸首。短语be to blame为“该受责备，应负责任”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填was to blame。
63．考查短语。句意：我的朋友说他愿意参加志愿活动。短语participate in为“参加”之意。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。结合句意，故填participate in。
64．考查短语。句意：经常接触英语能使我们精通这门语言。短语be exposed to为“接触”之意。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。结合句意，故填Being exposed to。
65．考查短语。句意：互联网使一切变得简单方便，不受时间和空间的限制。短语regardless of为“不理，不顾”之意。结合句意，故填regardless of。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、表能力、语法一致、过去完成时
【答案】
66．looked up
67．for sale
68． turn to
69．had handed over
70．are used to
【详解】
66．考查动词短语、时态。句意：男孩抬头一看，看到树上有一只美丽的鸟。根据句意，设空处应选用动词短语look up，意为“仰望”，与saw并列，作谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填：looked up。
67．考查介词短语、时态。句意：那所房子的招牌上写着“待售”。我们来看看价格怎么样？根据句意，设空处应选介词短语for sale，意为“出售”，作says的宾语。故填：for sale。
68．考查“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以随时向理事会求助。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语turn to，意为“求助于”，情态动词can后加动词原形，故填：turn to。
69．考查动词短语、时态。句意：老经理在离开办公室之前把他所有的工作都交给了儿子。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语hand over，意为“移交”，根据时间状语before leaving the office，设空处的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填：had handed over。
70．考查动词短语、时态。句意：在中国，我们大多数人习惯用筷子而不是刀叉吃饭。根据句意，设空处应用动词短语be used to，意为“习惯于”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Most of us，为复数，助动词用are。故填are used to。
【知识点】will、一般现在时、一般现在时的被动语态、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、副词短语、动词短语、现在进行时的基本用法和结构、语法一致、过去完成时
【答案】
71．looking to；
72．take place；
73．step by step；
74．in vain；
75．set foot in；
76．in memory of；
77．is engaged in；
78．at a great cost；
79．carry on；
80．set apart from
【分析】
71．考查动词短语。句意：他们指望新领导让这个国家摆脱危机。分析句子可知，空格处填动词短语，根据下文“to bring the country out of the crisis”可推断，look to“指望”符合题意，与主语they是主动关系，空格前有are，因此推断用现在进行时，故填looking to。
72．考查动词短语。句意：我们已向有关部门核实，查明会议将按计划进行。will后接动词原形，故用动词短语，take place“举行”符合题意，故填take place。
73．考查固定短语。句意：有些问题必须通过协商，逐步解决。根据下文“通过协商”说明有些问题必须逐步解决，step by step“逐步地”符合题意，故填step by step。
74．考查固定短语。句意：我一遍又一遍地读他的文章，努力理解他在说什么，但没有成功。but表示转折，根据上文“trying hard to understand what he was saying”可推断，in vain“徒劳地”符合题意，故填in vain。
75．考查动词短语。句意：刚来这里，我刚踏上这个地区，我就意识到我迷路了。分析句子可知，空格出缺少谓语动词，填动词短语，根据上下文语境，set foot in“踏上”符合语境，hardly置句首句子部分倒装，结合句意以及主语I前的had可知，主句用过去完成时，空处填动词的过去分词，set的过去分词形式是set。故填set foot in。
76．考查固定短语。句意：代表大会开幕时进行了一分钟的默哀，以纪念在斗争中牺牲的人。根据下文“those who died in the struggle”可知，是为了纪念死去的人，in memory of“为了纪念”符合题意，故填in memory of。
77．考查动词时态和短语。句意：他做批发生意，而他的兄弟则从事零售业务。while表示对比，因此推断他的兄弟从事零售业务，be engaged in“从事”符合题意，上文does说明是一般现在时，主语his brother是第三人称单数，故填is engaged in。
78．考查固定短语。句意：中国已经采取了有效措施抗击新冠肺炎，尽管付出了巨大的代价。根据句意，at a great cost“付出巨大代价”，符合题意，表示中国付出了巨大的代价抗击新冠肺炎，故填at a great cost。
79．考查动词短语。句意：这些共产党成员下定决心在五年内进行一场艰苦的斗争来改造山区。be determined to do sth. “下定决心做某事”，to是不定式符号，接动词原形，故空格处填动词短语，根据下文“a bitter struggle”可推断，carry on“继续，进行”符合题意，故填carry on。
80．考查动词短语。句意：基于武夷山的森林覆盖率，九曲溪因其丰富的瀑布而与众不同。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语动词，填动词短语，根据下文“others due to its rich waterfall”可知，set… apart from“使……与众不同”符合题意，set与主语Jiuqu Steam是被动关系，空前有is，故用一般现在时的被动语态，故填set apart from。
五、单句
【知识点】过去完成时
81．【答案】had happened
【知识点】一般现在时、形容词作表语
82．【答案】consists consistent
【知识点】与过去事实相反的假设、过去完成时
83．【答案】had junked
【详解】考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿我已经扔掉了这些坏鸡蛋。分析句子可知，would rather后的宾语从句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，故填had junked。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构
84．【答案】stayed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他苍白的脸表明他昨天熬夜了。根据语境可知，suggest在此意为“表明；暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，根据 yesterday可知，stay 应用过去式。故填stayed。
【知识点】过去完成时的被动语态
85．【答案】had been consumed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：杰克告诉我，那些垃圾食品在半小时前就已经被吃完了。设空处为从句谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，从句谓语发生在主句谓语动词之前，应用过去完成时，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been consumed。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般将来时、其他应用文、文化、饮食
86．【答案】One possible version:
Dear Harry,
I hope this letter finds you well. Knowing your strong enthusiasm for Chinese tea culture, I’m writing to share with you the related news about a tea culture exhibition.
As is scheduled, the exhibition will commence at the cultural center next weekend, running for ten days, during which time all kinds of teas from different regions of China will be on show and the significance of tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted.
In addition, there will be talks about the history and tradition of tea drinking and even a tea ceremony demonstration. I do hope you can take the chance to quench your thirst for the magnificent Chinese tea culture. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信告知新西兰朋友Harry，近期市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展的有关事宜。
【详解】1、词汇积累
消息：news→ information
各种各样的：all kinds of→ a variety of
展览：show→ display
另外：in addition (to)→ besides
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing your strong enthusiasm for Chinese tea culture, I’m writing to share with you the related news about a tea culture exhibition.
拓展句：Because I know your strong enthusiasm for Chinese tea culture, I’m writing to share with you the related news about a tea culture exhibition.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing your strong enthusiasm for Chinese tea culture, I’m writing to share with you the related news about a tea culture exhibition. (运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】As is scheduled, the exhibition will commence at the cultural center next weekend, running for ten days, during which time all kinds of teas from different regions of China will be on show and the significance of tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted. (运用了现在分词作状语和介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元能力提高综合练习5【 含答案Word版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen, and its 1 use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and 2 biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).
But nitrogen helps 3 around half the world’s population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t 4 it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen 5 involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.
A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this 6 problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by undertaking a 7 approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels.
The five steps identified involve 8 agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and promoting a change in diet. The 9 two are essential because approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the 10 chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer 11 to crops is ultimately wasted.
Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. 12 he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a 13 ,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to the 14 state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get 15 returns on investment.”
1．A．positive B．favorable C．collective D．abundant
2．A．promotes B．descends C．reduces D．expands
3．A．shelter B．feed C．rescue D．adjust
4．A．take account of B．take charge of C．look up to D．have access to
5．A．advantage B．concept C．challenge D．composition
6．A．two-sided B．self-contradictory C．not-so-distant D．energy-consuming
7．A．respectable B．comprehensive C．substantial D．crucial
8．A．transforming B．exercising C．depriving D．concealing
9．A．former B．latter C．prior D．rare
10．A．supply B．demand C．wrapping D．advertising
11．A．applied B．adapted C．addressed D．appealed
12．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Likewise
13．A．toast B．curse C．fault D．trick
14．A．original B．preferable C．traditional D．disposable
15．A．plentiful B．visual C．mutual D．immediate
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
If you wish to lose weight, there are so many fitness programs and weight loss diets to choose from. Here are some plans that might help you achieve this.
The Diet Solution Program is based on a scientific approach. The weight loss diet is not a quick fat loss method, which stresses that losing weight is never a quick process. This makes the program one of the safest dieting plans that you can turn to today.
Fat Burning Furnace brings a new approach to the weight loss problem. The program comes with a large and detailed set of workout exercises that are specifically designed to in-crease and improve your metabolic rate (代谢速率). Fat Burning Furnace uses workouts that are about 20-30 minutes. They train the whole body and don’t require special equipment, which is good because you don’t have to spend hundreds of dollars on running machines or other fit-ness machines.
Fat Loss 4 Idiots is a diet-based weight loss program. The guide is dead against weight loss drugs. Moreover, because it’s a diet-based program that aims to help you lose weight, you won’t need to spend any money on gym equipment.
Xtreme Fat Loss Diet is designed around a special dieting and exercising routine that is made up of several special fitness and diet programs. This dieting and exercising routine is repeated 5 times, each needing 5 days. These days make up a unique combination of a special workout technique and eating plan that will help you improve your leptin (消瘦素). Leptin controls the rate and degree of hunger that the body experiences, and helps to reduce the physical desire for food.
16．Why is The Diet Solution Program one of the safest dieting plans
A．It mainly depends on weight loss drugs.
B．It is a method that is based on science and has a slow process.
C．It can help people lose weight quickly.
D．It needs working out.
17．Which word can best describe both Fat Burning Furnace and Fat Loss 4 Idiots
A．Disappointing.
B．Cheap.
C．Hard.
D．Interesting.
18．How long do people need to improve leptin if they choose Xtreme Fat Loss Diet
A．2 days.
B．5 days.
C．7 days.
D．25 days.
A handful of small animal and human studies prove that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help most people have a more restful night’s sleep, though the reason why remains unclear.
Most experts believe that milk promoting sleep may be related to chemical compounds, the mental effects of this relaxed bedtime habit, or both.
Most experts agree that milk’s sleep-promoting possibility is likely related to specific chemical compounds, such as tryptophan (色氨酸) and melatonin (褪黑素) in milk which may help you fall asleep. Because the role of tryptophan and melatonin in sleep disorders is well established, most experts believe taking supplements of these compounds may reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression that can crop up (突然出现) at bedtime.
However, there’s currently no evidence to suggest that a single glass of milk contains enough tryptophan or melatonin to significantly influence your body’s natural production of elements which help a person fall asleep fast or to independently treat a disordered sleeping pattern.
Some professors, such as Clinten in Boston University, draw a theory and suspect that milk’s potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional composition and that it’s instead more closely related to the mental effect of having a calming bedtime habit.
Another theory is that drinking warm milk could subconsciously remind you of having milk at bedtime during your early childhood years. These soothing feelings may signal to your brain that it’s time to sleep, making it easier to fall asleep peacefully.
Still, there is not enough evidence to definitely prove any particular effects of developing a habit of drinking milk before bedtime, so more research is needed.
19．What can we know about the viewpoint that milk can promote sleep
A．Milk can only help animals fall asleep quickly.
B．The reason why drinking milk can promote sleep has been found.
C．Everyone can fall asleep faster by drinking milk before going to sleep.
D．The tryptophan and melatonin in milk may promote healthy sleep cycles.
20．According to the theory, Clinten thinks drinking milk before bedtime can _____.
A．release nutritional composition
B．add more anxiety and depression
C．imply oneself that you should go to bed now with ease
D．continue to develop the habit of drinking just like in your childhood
21．Who is the intended readers
A．Tradesmen who supply milk. B．People who suffer from wakefulness.
C．Professors in Boston University. D．Children with a disordered sleeping habits.
22．What is the author’s attitude towards the effects of the milk before bedtime
A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Negative.
The battle to contain the global obesity crisis speeded up as American public health experts pressed for a sugar tax on the country’s most popular source of refreshment — sweetened carbonated drinks and fruit juices.
In what is certain to become a worldwide debate on the use of sanctions (制裁) to deal with obesity, a group led by academics from Yale and Harvard universities proposed a “cola war”, with a 1 cent tax per fluid ounce on sweetened beverages, raising the price of the average can of cola by 15 to 20 percent. They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity.
“The reasons to proceed are convincing. The science base linking the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to the risk of chronic disease is clear. Research suggests a tax would have strong positive effects on reducing consumption. We believe that taxes on beverages that help drive the obesity epidemic should and will become routine,” the experts say in the New England Journal of Medicine.
British nutrition specialists backed the move but said other sanctions, such as a tariff (关税) on sugar imports, could have the same impact but be less politically arguable.
Tam Fry, spokesman for UK National Obesity Forum, said: “We have got to start thinking very seriously about taxing unhealthy food and drink as part of the drive to improve the nation’s health and cut obesity. The amount of sugar that goes into these soft drinks is surprising and it has a double whammy, increasing obesity and rotting teeth.”
The US proposal follows a report by the respected Institute of Medicine this month calling for an increase in local taxes on soft drinks and junk food. In the UK, the British Medical Association narrowly defeated a proposal for a chocolate tax at its annual meeting.
Consumption of fizzy drinks, fruit juices, smoothies and other sweetened beverages is rising rapidly around the world and is recognized as a major contributor to the obesity epidemic, especially among children. Americans are drinking twice as much of the drinks as they did 25 years ago, and they now contribute 172 calories daily to the average US child’s diet. Experts say the UK is close behind.
Jack Winkler, professor of nutrition policy at London Metropolitan University, said: “I support this. It would be a massive public acknowledgement about the danger sugar poses to health.” But he proposed raising the price of sugar permanently by reforming the world goods markets. Charging tariffs, which are invisible, would be much better than raising taxes, he said. The British Nutrition Foundation said that, instead of altering food choices, increasing taxes “could simply mean higher prices for consumers — especially those on lower incomes”.；
23．According to the passage, the sugar tax on the popular sweetened drinks and fruit juices is proposed .
A．to warn the public that such drinks are harmful and poisonous
B．to restrict the production and elimnate the global obesity crisis
C．to start a worldwide debate on the strategies to deal with obesity crisis
D．to reduce calorie consumption and raise money to fight against obesity；
24．The word “whammy” in paragraph 5 can best be replaced by .
A．reason B．blow C．aim D．struggle；
25．Which of the following cannot be true according to the passage
A．Now it is urgent to deal with the obesity epidemic in the United States and Britain.
B．The British people consume more soft drinks and fruit juices than the Americans do today.
C．The consumption of sweetened soft drinks and fruit juices is rising rapidly around the world.
D．Americans are drinking twice as much compared with the amount a quarter of a century ago.；
26．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Ban on Carbonated Drinks and Fruit Juices
B．Link between Sweetened Beverages and Obesity
C．Demand for Economic Measures to Reduce Obesity
D．The High Consumption and Rising Price of Soft Drinks
As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.
Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.
As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields—all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.
Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.
In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.
Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.
27．Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it .
A．guarantees high yields with more labor
B．relies on regional conditions and historical data
C．offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer
D．provides real time information about target crops
28．About precision farming, we can learn that .
A．the government holds a cautious attitude
B．it draws positive responses from businesses
C．seed producers have already made huge profits
D．large systems will soon be built in developing nations
29．The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means .
A．disappointed B．confused
C．unwilling D．shocked
30．What is the best title for the passage
A．Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields
B．More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers
C．Development of Farming Systems in the U.S.
D．Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Don’t Ruin Healthy Eating When You Travel
I’ve noticed that, as people become more conscious of how food affects their health, leaving home can sometimes present challenges for those who want to keep eating well. Here are some simple ways to eat adventurously and well while you’re enjoying the best moments of your trip:
Plan ahead. Often when we’re traveling, we’re out of our routine and aren’t eating at regular intervals. 31 Contrary to the popular myth that you should hold off eating to save room for a big meal, going for long stretches without eating actually causes your body to become tired and hang on to calories. Pack snacks for easy access: nuts, seeds, hard-boiled eggs, firm fruits.
Don’t forget the grocery store. A supermarket, especially a local one, can be your best place to get something to eat while traveling. 32 You’ll find a wider variety of great foods that are free of fat, dairy, and other common allergense (过敏素) at a reasonable cost.
Drink more water than you normally do. 33 Walking around all day expends energy and dehydrates (脱水) your body. Often people drink alcohol or sodas with meals, and these are also dehydrating. Drinking more than your usual eight glasses of water a day will keep you energized, hydrate your cells and keep your skin glowing.
Drink less alcohol than everyone around you is drinking. This can be challenging, especially on business trips, where drinking is a familiar pastime. 34
35 Let yourself have treats, and enjoy them- just keep it to once a day. Get that good piece of chocolate cake. Have an extra helping of steak fries. Order the thing with butter, and love every single bite. Then be done with the less-than-healthy food, and remember that you always have another day for that one little indulgence (放纵).
【选项】
A．Just enjoy the treats that you like.
B．Try the“one-and-done” rule.
C．Planes and hotel rooms are generally dry.
D．Sometimes we can go several hours without eating anything.
E．However, drinking too much can lead to more unhealthy eating.
F．You’ll have easy, cheap access to fresh produce and healthy snacks.
G．Planning ahead of time allows you to control what goes into your body.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
subscribe to get involved in in turn insist on consist of in charge of
36．A regular breakfast (由……组成) soybeans, an egg, a bowl of porridge, corn, a sweet potato, meat and two kinds of fruit.
37．After all (参加) various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock.
38．Please come to the front (轮流) to collect your books.
39．With the manager gone, they are discussing who should be put (主管) the sales team.
40．All scientists (赞成) the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
41． ，the depressing outcome indicated that we didn’t use a logical way to solve the problem.
42． coming to China，I didn’t know much about Chinese cuisine.
43．In doing translation，we shouldn’t transform the meaning of the original to .
44．During the Spring Festival，we Chinese will be engaged in .
45．The old soldier his experience during the Long March at the party yesterday.
46．选词填空
prior to; on the other hand; at a minimum; refer to; hand in hand; slice off; consist of; put more simply
【小题20】 , we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.
【小题21】If you want to make progress, you should spend two hours every evening studying .
【小题22】Please the top quarter of the loaf.
【小题23】The band three guitarists and a drummer.
【小题24】The doctor his experiences fighting against pneumonia caused by COVID-19.
【小题25】 the meeting, we discussed the matter among ourselves.
【小题26】As the youth of the new era, on the one hand, we should be bold; , we should be modest and learn from others.
【小题27】We walked in silence along the beautiful path.
根据句意选择适当的短语，并用短语的正确形式填空。其中有两个多余短语。
break down, subscribe to, regardless of, once and for all, be exposed to, be to blame, be comprised of, participate in, break out
47．The group ______ two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer.
48．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and ______ barriers.
49．All the scientists present at the conference ______ the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
50．With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that the dangerous gas ______.
51．My friend said that he was willing to ______ the voluntary activity.
52．______ English frequently enables us to have a good knowledge of this language.
53．The Internet makes everything easy and convenient, ______ time and space.
从下面短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
for sale be used to wake up turn to feel down look up hand over throw in call in do sb. good
54．The boy and saw a beautiful bird in the tree.
55．The sign on that house says “ ”. Shall we find out the price
56．If you have any questions，you can the council at any time.
57．The old manager all his work to his son before leaving the office.
58．Most of us in China eating with chopsticks rather than knives and forks.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
59．I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing (happen).
60．I wish we (hire)someone else at that time.
61．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ( graduate) from college. （用所给单词适当形式填空）
62．Generally speaking，students’ academic performances are consistent their efforts.
63．They (intend) to go downtown to do some shopping, but they cancelled it because of the bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
64．假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom给你来信说近期由于饮食问题而身体不适，影响了学习和生活。请你按下面的要求给他写封信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
1. 健康饮食的重要性；
2. 吃健康早餐，远离含脂肪、油、糖多的食物，多吃蔬菜水果；
3. 饮食均衡，有规律。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】need、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语、名词、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、自然生态、计划与愿望、说明文、饮食
【答案】
1．D
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．B
10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家提出五步计划来解决氮的双面问题，即氮对空气的污染和对提高粮食产量的重要作用；
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是氮，以及它在商业化肥中的大量使用，也会导致空气污染和气候变化。A. positive积极的；B. favorable有利的，赞许的；C. collective集体的，共同的；D. abundant大量的，丰富的。根据后文“their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).”可知氮的使用对环境的消极影响很多，因此是氮在商业化肥中有大量的使用。故选D项；
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明，它们的使用还会造成空气污染，增加癌症发病率，减少生物多样性，以及释放气体(笑气)。 A. promotes促进，提升；B. descends下降； C. reduces减少； D. expands扩大，增加。根据前文“ its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change.”可知氮的使用导致环境污染和气候变化，那么生物生存的自然环境被改变了，生物多样性也就减少了。故选C项；
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但氮帮助养活了世界上大约一半的人口，在可预见的未来仍是必不可少的。A. shelter掩蔽，收容；B. feed喂养；C. rescue援救；D. adjust调整。根据前文连词But,表示转折，上一段说明氮的消极影响，那么本段说明氮的积极影响，结合后文提到的人口，可知氮帮助养活了世界上约一半人口。故选B项；
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着化肥价格的上涨，许多发展中国家无法获得化肥，从而对粮食安全构成威胁。A. take account of考虑到；B. take charge of负责；C. look up to尊敬；D. have access to使用，接近，可以利用。根据前文“With prices of fertilizer rising”和后文“with resulting threats to food security”可知化肥价格上涨，粮食安全受到威胁，可知许多发展中国家没有化肥。故选D项；
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。 A. advantage优势；B. concept概念；C. challenge 挑战；D. composition成分，作品。根据下文文“ both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most.” 可知全球氮的挑战既包括减少化肥的使用，也包括把化肥运到最需要的地方。故选C项；
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一组科学家提出了一个五步计划来解决这个双面问题。A. two-sided两方面的；B. self-contradictory自相矛盾的；C. not-so-distant不远的；D. energy-consuming耗能的，费精力的。根据前文提到的氮问题面临的挑战，即氮的过渡使用和有些地方没有氮，可知这是一个双面问题。故选A项；
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领导者Benjamin Houlton解释说，只有采取全面的方法，结合解决方案，才能在两个层面上解决问题。 A. respectable值得尊重的，体面的；B. comprehensive综合性的，全面的； C. substantial大量的，基本的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据前文提到的氮面临的双面问题可知需要采取全面的解决办法以解决问题。故选B项；
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定的五个步骤包括改变农业做法，将肥料运送到需要的地方，减少氮污染，最后，减少食物浪费和促进饮食的改变。A. transforming转变；B. exercising运动，练习；C. depriving夺去；D. concealing隐藏，掩饰。根据首段提到的氮在商业化肥中的过渡使用导致了很多环境问题，因此需要改变农业做法，以减少氮在商业化肥中的使用。故选A项；
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. former前者的；B. latter 后者的；C. prior先前的，事先的；D. rare 稀有的。根据句后文“approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted”可知全球约四分之一的粮食生产被浪费，因此前文提到的五个步骤中，后面两个与食物浪费和饮食有关的步骤最为重要。故选B项；
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. supply 供应；B. demand需求；C. wrapping包装；D. advertising广告。根据前文提到的粮食被浪费，结合空后的chain,可知是供应链食物被浪费了。故选A项；
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球约四分之一的粮食生产在供应链上被浪费了，这意味着用于作物的大部分氮肥最终被浪费了。 A. applied应用；B. adapted适应；C. addressed 演说，解决；D. appealed呼吁，上诉，吸引。根据前文提到的粮食浪费，结合fertilizer可知是被应用到庄稼上的氮化肥被浪费了。故选A项；
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是传达了一个鼓舞人心的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore 此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Likewise同样地。根据前文“Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion.”可知，在现有的气候灾难中增加氮可能会导致资源枯竭，结合后文“he has an encouraging message. ”可知前后是转折关系。故选C项；
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说:“事实是，氮是一种祸根，也是一种良药。A. toast 烤面包片，庆祝；B. curse祸根，诅咒；C. fault错误，责任；D. trick技巧，花招。根据前文提到的增加的消极影响，和后文令人鼓舞的信息，可知Benjamin认为氮既是导致问题的原因（祸根），也可以解决问题的办法（福音）。故选B项；
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你能减少氮的溢出，你就能迅速使系统恢复到原始状态。A. original原始的；B. preferable更好的，更合适的；C. traditional传统的；D. disposable一次性的。根据前文“ if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen”可知，如果解决氮的过渡使用，那么引起的环境问题也能解决，即使生态系统就可以回到原始状态。故选A项；
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于氮，你可以立即获得投资回报。” A. plentiful丰富的；B. visual视觉的；C. mutual相互的；D. immediate立刻的。根据前文“We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. ”可知我们每向空气中排放一分子二氧化碳，就会锁定30到50年的气候影响，即CO2的影响是漫长的，根据后文But，表示转折，可知氮给我们的回报是快速的。故选D项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】卫生与健康、科普知识、说明文、饮食
【答案】
16．B
17．B
18．D
【详解】
〖导语〗本文是一篇说明文，作者为想要减肥的人推荐了四类饮食健康锻炼项目以便供他们选择；
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Diet Solution Program is based on a scientific approach. The weight loss diet is not a quick fat loss method, which stresses that losing weight is never a quick process.(饮食解决方案是基于科学的方法。减肥饮食不是一种快速减脂的方法，它强调减肥从来都不是一个快速的过程。)”可知,，The Diet Solution Program是一科学的且过程缓慢的减肥方法。故选B；
17．细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“They train the whole body and don’t require special equipment, which is good because you don’t have to spend hundreds of dollars on running machines or other fit-ness machines.(他们训练全身，不需要特殊的设备，这很好，因为你不需要花几百美元在跑步机或其他健身机器上。)”和第四段 “Moreover, because it’s a diet-based program that aims to help you lose weight, you won’t need to spend any money on gym equipment.(此外，因为这是一个以节食为基础的计划，旨在帮助你减肥，你不需要花任何钱在健身器材上。)”可知，Fat Burning Furnace和Fat Loss 4 Idiots项目都是便宜的减肥项目。故选B；
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This dieting and exercising routine is repeated 5 times, each needing 5 days. These days make up a unique combination of a special workout technique and eating plan that will help you improve your leptin (消瘦素).(这样的节食和锻炼重复5次，每次需要5天。这些日子组成了一个特殊的锻炼技巧和饮食计划的独特组合，将帮助你提高瘦素。)”可知，这种节食和运动日程需要一个为期五天的被重复5次的周期，即25天。故选D。
【知识点】卫生与健康、推理判断、细节理解、说明文、饮食
【答案】
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对睡前喝牛奶是否对睡眠有帮助进行了解释说明。
【详解】
19．细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Most experts agree that milk’s sleep-promoting possibility is likely related to specific chemical compounds, such as tryptophan and melatonin in milk which may help you fall asleep. (大多数专家都认为，牛奶促进睡眠的可能性可能与特定的化合物有关，比如牛奶中的色氨酸和褪黑素，它们可以帮助你入睡。)”可知，牛奶中的色氨酸和褪黑素可以促进健康的睡眠周期。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “milk’s potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional composition and that it’s instead more closely related to the mental effect of having a calming bedtime habit”可知，该理论认为牛奶的作用与拥有一个平静的就寝习惯的心理影响密切相关；再根据第六段中的 “These soothing feelings may signal to your brain that it’s time to sleep, making it easier to fall asleep peacefully.”可知，这些舒缓的感觉可能会向你的大脑发出信号，告诉你是时候睡觉了，让你更容易平静地入睡。由此可知，Clinten认为睡前喝牛奶可以暗示自己现在该轻松上床睡觉 了。故选C。
21．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的 “A handful of small animal and human studies prove that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help most people have a more restful night’s sleep, though the reason why remains unclear. (一些小型动物和人类研究证明，睡前食用牛奶和奶酪等乳制品可能有助于大多数人获得更安宁的睡眠，尽管原因尚不清楚。)” 可知，本文讲述了喝牛奶可能有助于改善睡眠质量，因此这篇文章可能适合失眠的人看。故选B。
22．观点态度题。根据最后一段 “Still, there is not enough evidence to definitely prove any particular effects of developing a habit of drinking milk before bedtime, so more research is needed. (不过，目前还没有足够的证据明确证明养成睡前喝牛奶的习惯有什么特别的影响，因此还需要更多的研究。)”可推断，作者对睡前喝牛奶的效果持怀疑态度。故选A。
【知识点】主旨大意、新闻、社会、细节理解、词句猜测、饮食
【答案】
23．D
24．B
25．B
26．C
〖导语〗本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一群学者要求采取经济措施——对加糖碳酸饮料和果汁征收糖税，以此来减少卡路里摄入，筹集资金对抗肥胖症；
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity. (他们说，这将使饮料中的卡路里消耗至少减少10%，并为肥胖症的健康成本贡献近150亿美元)”可知，对流行的甜饮料和果汁征收糖税可以减少卡路里摄入，筹集资金对抗肥胖症。故选D项；
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The amount of sugar that goes into these soft drinks is surprising and it has a double whammy, increasing obesity and rotting teeth. (这些软饮料中的糖量是令人惊讶的，它有双重whammy，增加了肥胖和腐烂的牙齿)”可知，高糖的软饮料会增加饮用者的肥胖和烂牙的几率，对饮用者影响很大，是一个双重打击。由此可知，划线词whammy与blow(打击)意思相近。故选B项；
29．细节理解题。根据第七段最后两句“Americans are drinking twice as much of the drinks as they did 25 years ago, and they now contribute 172 calories daily to the average US child’s diet. Experts say the UK is close behind. (美国人的饮（含糖饮料）是25年前的两倍，现在他们每天为美国儿童的平均饮食贡献了172卡路里。专家表示，英国紧随其后)”可知，相比较，英国人喝软饮料和果汁的量比美国少。由此可知，B项信息错误。故选B项；
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The battle to contain the global obesity crisis speeded up as American public health experts pressed for a sugar tax on the country’s most popular source of refreshment — sweetened carbonated drinks and fruit juices. (随着美国公共卫生专家敦促对美国最受欢迎的茶饮料来源——甜碳酸饮料和果汁征收糖税，遏制全球肥胖危机的斗争加速了)”，以及第二段“In what is certain to become a worldwide debate on the use of sanctions (制裁) to deal with obesity, a group led by academics from Yale and Harvard universities proposed a “cola war”, with a 1 cent tax per fluid ounce on sweetened beverages, raising the price of the average can of cola by 15 to 20 percent. They say this would cut calorie consumption from drinks by a minimum of 10 percent and contribute almost $15 bn towards the health costs of obesity. (在这个肯定会成为一场关于使用（税收）制裁来应对肥胖的全球辩论中，一群由耶鲁大学和哈佛大学的学者提出了一个“可乐战争”，以1美分税收每液体盎司甜饮料，提高可乐的平均价格15%到20%。他们说，这将使饮料中的卡路里消耗至少减少10%，并为肥胖症的健康成本贡献近150亿美元)”可知，本文讲述了一群学者要求采取经济措施以减少肥胖的话题。由此可知，C项“Demand for Economic Measures to Reduce Obesity (要求采取经济措施减少肥胖)”适合作文章的标题。故选C项。
【知识点】主旨大意、卫生与健康、推理判断、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文、饮食
【答案】
27．D
28．B
29．C
30．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了精准农业提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性不可避免地的经济和安全风险；
27．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data.”（传统农业依赖于对整个农田的管理——根据地区条件和历史数据作出与种植、收获、灌溉和施用农药和化肥有关的决策。）；根据文章第三段“Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor.”（相比之下，精准农业结合了传感器、机器人、GPS、地图工具和数据分析软件，在不增加劳动力的情况下量身定制植物所接受的照料。）通过对比可知，精准农业不同于传统农业的部分原因在于它利用科技，实时获取目标作物的信息，量身定制植物所接受的照料。故选D项；
28．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.”（许多小企业正在开发新的软件、传感器和其他用于精确农业的工具，像孟山都、约翰迪尔、拜耳、陶氏化学和杜邦等大公司也是如此。美国农业部、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局都支持精准农业，现在许多大学都开设了这方面的课程。）市场上很多公司在开发应用于精准农业的软件和工具，从他们的反映和行动来看，精准农业得到了商业的积极响应。故选B项；
29．
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.”（由于设备成本高、无法上网等原因，农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业。该技术可能会给不擅长计算机的有经验的农民带来巨大的挑战。）可知目前大多数农民是不喜欢精准农业的；根据文章“And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.”（尽管有些农民可能会reticent采用新技术,下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法。）由however“尽管”和the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach“下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法”可知however后面表示的是与“the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach（下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法）”相反的事情，即有些农民可能会不愿意采用新技术，这个与本段前面所说的“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture”（农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业）相吻合。即可推知reticent意为“不愿意”。故选C项；
30．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.”（大型农场越来越多地使用精准农业来提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性的不可避免地经济和安全风险。）可知文章开头提出精准农业提高产量，减少浪费和降低经济和安全风险这样一个观点，文章后面段落一直在围绕这个观点说明其原理。故A选项“Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields”（精准农业增加作物产量）可作为文章标题，故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】should、其他、方法和策略、旅游、说明文、饮食
【答案】
31．D
32．F
33．C
34．E
35．B
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样在旅游的时候吃的也健康的方法；
31．上文“Often when we’re traveling, we’re out of our routine and aren’t eating at regular intervals. (当我们旅行时，我们经常会打乱常规，不定期进食。)”可知上文在讲述旅行时会打乱常规，饮食不规律；下文“Contrary to the popular myth that you should hold off eating to save room for a big meal, going for long stretches without eating actually causes your body to become tired and hang on to calories. (与流行的说法相反，你应该推迟吃东西来为一顿大餐留出空间，长时间不吃东西实际上会使你的身体变得疲劳，并持续保持热量。)”可知在讲述饮食不规律的危害；选项D“Sometimes we can go several hours without eating anything. (有时我们可以几个小时不吃东西)”可知这也是在讲述饮食不规律的现象，承接了上文，引出了下文对于饮食不规律危害的描述，故选项D符合题意；故选D项；
32．上文“A supermarket, especially a local one, can be your best place to get something to eat while traveling. (超市，尤其是当地的超市，是你旅行时吃东西的最佳去处。)”可知讲述了当地超市是旅行时买食物的最佳去处；下文“You’ll find a wider variety of great foods that are free of fat, dairy, and other common allergense (过敏素) at a reasonable cost. (你会发现各种各样的好食物，不含脂肪、奶制品和其他常见的过敏素，而且价格合理。)”可知列举了可供选择的价格合理一些食物；选项F“You’ll have easy, cheap access to fresh produce and healthy snacks. (你可以方便、便宜地买到新鲜的农产品和健康的零食)”可知在讲述能方便、便宜地买到好的食品，承接了上文所述的当地超市是旅行时买东西吃的最佳去处，表明了当地超市的方便性和价格的合理性，同时引出下文对于具体食品类型的列举，故选项F符合题意；故选F项；
33．上文“Drink more water than you normally do. (比平时多喝水。)”可知在讲述要比平时多喝水；下文“Walking around all day expends energy and dehydrates (脱水) your body. (整天走动会消耗能量，让你的身体脱水。)”可知在讲述需要多喝水的原因；选项C“Planes and hotel rooms are generally dry. (飞机和酒店房间通常是干燥的。)”可知也是在讲述旅行时要比平时多喝水的原因，这与下文同样是对于上文所提的结论的解释，故选项C符合题意；故选C项；
34．本段标题“Drink less alcohol than everyone around you is drinking. (喝的酒要比你周围的人喝的少。)”可知本段主要讲的就是要少喝酒；上文“This can be challenging, especially on business trips, where drinking is a familiar pastime. (这可能很有挑战性，尤其是在商务旅行中，喝酒是一种常见的消遣方式。)”可知在讲述少喝酒恐怕很有挑战性；选项E“However, drinking too much can lead to more unhealthy eating. (然而，喝太多会导致更多不健康的饮食。)”可知在讲述喝太多酒的坏处，与本段主旨相符，与上文构成转折关系，强调喝太多酒的坏处，故选项E符合题意；故选E项；
35．下文“Let yourself have treats, and enjoy them- just keep it to once a day. Get that good piece of chocolate cake. Have an extra helping of steak fries. Order the thing with butter, and love every single bite. Then be done with the less-than-healthy food, and remember that you always have another day for that one little indulgence (放纵). (让自己吃点东西，好好享受它们——每天只吃一次。拿那块好巧克力蛋糕。再来一份牛排薯条。要一点带黄油的菜，每一口都很美味。那就别再吃那些不健康的食物了，记住你总有一天可以放纵一下自己)”可知本段主要讲述了可以吃自己喜欢的东西，但是每天只能吃一次；选项B“Try the“one-and-done” rule. (尝试做一次)”表述与本段主旨相符，强调可以吃，但是每天只能吃一次，可以作为本段标题；故选B项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语、介词（短语）辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语
【答案】36．consists of 37．getting involved in 38． in turn 39． in charge of 40．subscribe to
【解析】36．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：常规早餐包括大豆、一个鸡蛋、一碗粥、玉米、一个红薯、肉和两种水果。根据汉语提示“由……组成”可知，此处使用固定短语consist of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A regular breakfast，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。根据汉语提示“参加”可知，此处使用固定短语get involved in，作主语，应用动名词形式。故填getting involved in。
38．考查固定短语：请依次到前面来取书。根据汉语提示“轮流”可知，此处使用固定短语in turn。故填in turn。
39．考查固定短语。句意：经理不在了，他们正在讨论谁应该负责销售团队。根据汉语提示“主管”可知，此处使用固定短语in charge of。故填in charge of。
40．考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。根据汉语提示“赞成”可知，此处使用固定短语subscribe to，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填subscribed to。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、副词短语、动名词作宾语、动词短语
【答案】41．As a result
42．Prior to
43．suit our tastes
44．making dumplings
45．referred to
【知识点】一般现在时、介词短语、动词短语、名词短语
46．【答案】
【小题20】Put more simply
【小题21】at a minimum
【小题22】slice off
【小题23】consists of
【小题24】referred to
【小题25】Prior to
【小题26】on the other hand
【小题27】hand in hand
【详解】
【小题20】考查动词短语。句意：简单地说，我们要么接受他们的提议，要么破产。分析句子结构可知，本句结构完整，所以空处应作状语，put more simply意为“简单地说”，通常是用于过去分词作状语，符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Put more simply。
【小题21】考查介词短语。句意：如果你想取得进步，你应该每天晚上至少花两个小时学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“至少花两个小时”之意，所以at a minimum意为“至少”符合题意。故填at a minimum。
【小题22】考查动词短语。句意：请把面包上面的四分之一切掉。分析句子结构可知，本句是祈使句型，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，此处表达“把面包上面的四分之一切掉”之意，所以吧slice off意为“从……切下”符合题意。故填slice off。
【小题23】考查动词短语。句意：乐队由三个吉他手和一个鼓手组成。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“乐队由什么组成”之意，所以consist of意为“由……组成”符合题意，主语是band，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填consists of。
【小题24】考查动词短语。句意：医生介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“介绍了自己与新冠肺炎的斗争经历”之意，所以refer to意为“提及”符合题意，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填referred to。
【小题25】考查介词短语。句意：开会前，我们内部讨论了这件事。根据句意可知，此处表达“开会前”之意，prior to意为“先前的”符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Prior to。
【小题26】考查介词短语。句意：作为新时代的青年，一方面，我们要大胆；另一方面，我们应该谦虚，向别人学习。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：on the one hand，on the other hand意为“一方面，另一方面”。故填on the other hand。
【小题27】考查名词短语。句意：我们默默地手牵手沿着美丽的小路走着。根据句意，此处表达“手牵手走”之意，所以hand in hand意为“手拉手的”符合题意。故填hand in hand。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词的被动式、动词短语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】
47．is comprised of
48．break down
49．subscribed to
50．was to blame
51．participate in
52．Being exposed to
53． regardless of
【详解】
47．考查短语。句意：这个乐队由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名歌手组成。短语be comprised of为“由……组成”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The group，强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。结合句意，故填is comprised of。
48．考查短语。句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，打破障碍。短语break down为“打破”之意。help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。结合句意，故填break down。
49．考查短语。句意：出席会议的所有科学家都同意全球变暖主要是由于燃烧化石燃料造成的这一观点。短语subscribe to为“同意”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填subscribed to。
50．考查短语。句意：有了这个额外的证据，我们可以得出结论，危险气体是罪魁祸首。短语be to blame为“该受责备，应负责任”之意。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填was to blame。
51．考查短语。句意：我的朋友说他愿意参加志愿活动。短语participate in为“参加”之意。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。结合句意，故填participate in。
52．考查短语。句意：经常接触英语能使我们精通这门语言。短语be exposed to为“接触”之意。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。结合句意，故填Being exposed to。
53．考查短语。句意：互联网使一切变得简单方便，不受时间和空间的限制。短语regardless of为“不理，不顾”之意。结合句意，故填regardless of。
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、表能力、语法一致、过去完成时
【答案】
54．looked up
55．for sale
56． turn to
57．had handed over
58．are used to
【详解】
54．考查动词短语、时态。句意：男孩抬头一看，看到树上有一只美丽的鸟。根据句意，设空处应选用动词短语look up，意为“仰望”，与saw并列，作谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填：looked up。
55．考查介词短语、时态。句意：那所房子的招牌上写着“待售”。我们来看看价格怎么样？根据句意，设空处应选介词短语for sale，意为“出售”，作says的宾语。故填：for sale。
56．考查“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以随时向理事会求助。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语turn to，意为“求助于”，情态动词can后加动词原形，故填：turn to。
57．考查动词短语、时态。句意：老经理在离开办公室之前把他所有的工作都交给了儿子。根据句意，设空处应选动词短语hand over，意为“移交”，根据时间状语before leaving the office，设空处的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填：had handed over。
58．考查动词短语、时态。句意：在中国，我们大多数人习惯用筷子而不是刀叉吃饭。根据句意，设空处应用动词短语be used to，意为“习惯于”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Most of us，为复数，助动词用are。故填are used to。
五、单句
【知识点】过去完成时
59．【答案】had happened
【知识点】过去完成时
60．【答案】had hired
【知识点】过去完成时
61．【答案】had graduated
【详解】考查时态。句意：杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。由语境可知，graduate发生在returned之前，为过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had graduated。
【知识点】其他介词
62．【答案】with
【知识点】过去完成时
63．【答案】had intended
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们本来打算到市区去购物，但因为天气不好而取消了。结合语境，“打算去购物”发生在“计划取消”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had intended。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、卫生与健康、建议信、申请、请求和建议、饮食
64．【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit.
Having healthy eating habits will help you have a healthy body and mind, and enjoy a happy life. There are many ways to develop healthy eating habits. Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast. It will improve your performance at school. What’s more, you’d better keep away from the food that is rich in fat, oil and sugar, eat more fruit and vegetables and keep a balanced diet. In addition, you should eat meals regularly every day.
In a word, healthy eating habits will help keep you active and have a healthy lifestyle.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Tom写信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐的：happy→glad
总之：in a word→all in all
另外：what’s more→besides
建议：advise→suggest
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast. It will improve your performance at school.
拓展句：Firstly, you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast, which will improve your performance at school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit. (运用了that引导宾语从句和省略that的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】What’s more, you’d better keep away from the food that is rich in fat, oil and sugar, eat more fruit and vegetables and keep a balanced diet. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
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