资源简介

(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Learning About Language
Using Language新知学习一课过
目 录
课时跟踪检测
新学词汇 归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the high-protein diets 　　　 高 饮食
2．red blood cells 红_____
3．the spread of the virus 的传播
4．flu vaccine 流感_____
蛋白
细胞
病毒
疫苗
5．theoretical framework 理论_____
6．solid-state battery 电池
7．cast a shadow on 给……蒙上_____
8．make concrete plans 做 计划
9．a respected patriotic poet 一位受人尊敬的 诗人
框架
固态
阴影
具体
爱国
10．aviation psychology 心理学
11．space and missile programme　 太空和 方案
12．leadership meetings 会议
13．an abstract theory 一种 理论
14．admit your fault 承认你的_____
航空
导弹
领导人
抽象
过错
二、重点单词——写其形
1． a sympathetic glimpse at 向……投以同情的一瞥
2．a beautiful ________ 一道美丽的彩虹
3． the coffee 倒咖啡
4．disappear without any 　 不翼而飞
5．an scientist 一位著名的科学家
cast
rainbow
pour
trace
outstanding
6．a increase 稳步上升/增加
7．a new 一个新概念
8． music 除了音乐
9． your energy to 把你的精力转到……上
10．a and detailed description 生动详细的描述
steady
concept
besides
shift
vivid
三、活用单词——悉其变
think
thinker
thinking
find
finding
initial
initially
initiative
mechanic
mechanical
defend
defence
assist
assistant
assistance
gift
gifted
astronomy
astronomer
brilliant
brilliance
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．assistant: -ant名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①accountant　会计师　 ②attendant　护理人员
③consultant 顾问 ④inhabitant 居住者
⑤contestant 比赛者　　
2．gifted：-ed形容词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①interested 　感兴趣的　 ②surprised 　惊讶的
③detailed 详细的 ④crowded 拥挤的
⑤balanced 平衡的 ⑥talented 有天赋的　　
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 　 对……有影响
2． (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)
突然开始；爆发
3． 把……换成……
4． 在……期间
have an impact on
switch ...to ...
over the course of
break out
5． 主管；掌管
6． 接受；从事
7． 接着是；然后是
8． 追溯到
in charge of
take on
followed by
be traced back to
9． 赢得……名声
10． 患(病)；染上(小病)
11． 与……的斗争
12. 最重要的是；尤其是
earn the name of
come down with
fight against
above all
重点词汇 深化学习
1．He was ready to serve dinner to his friends ...
他准备把晚餐端给他的朋友们……
★serve vt.招待；服务；供应；提供；履行义务 vi.可用作
[用法感知]
①We should serve the people heart and soul.
我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
②(“节日介绍”写作佳句)The reunion dinner is usually served with abundant foods, such as fish, chicken, beef as well as many other dishes.
团圆饭通常供应丰富的食物，如鱼、鸡、牛肉以及许多其他菜肴。
③(主旨升华句)To him, they served as a reminder of hope, a promise that light and warmth would soon replace cold and dark.
对他来说，它们象征着希望，预示着光明和温暖将很快取代寒冷和黑暗。
[归纳点拨]
(1)serve as　　　　　　　　 充当；担任
(2)serve sb.(with) sth. 向某人提供某物
serve/treat sth.to sb. 用某物招待某人
(3)service n. 服务
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I promise to offer the best (serve) to the people at the games.
⑤ (serve) as a silent guardian, it successfully scared the birds away.
⑥In conclusion, the strengthening of supervision__________________
.
总之，加强监管力度是解决水污染的有效途径。
service
Serving
serves as an effective
solution to water pollution
2．...a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.
……有点非传统，但有意义，因为要找准病毒很棘手。
★make sense讲得通；有意义
[用法感知]
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
②(“心理描写”写作佳句)After hearing this satisfactory outcome, Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.
在听到这个令人满意的结果后，史蒂夫感到一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。
③However, when I realized complaining made no sense, I adjusted my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever I encountered difficult problems.
然而，当我意识到抱怨毫无意义时，我调整了我的学习方法，每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。
④In some sense, he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging us never to give up.
从某种意义上说，他实际上是希望的灯塔，鼓励我们永不放弃。
[归纳点拨]
make no sense　　　　　　　 没道理；没意义
make sense of 理解；弄懂
in a/some sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
a sense of 一种……感
there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/意义
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
⑤ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这些较便宜的外套也一样好，买那件贵的就没有意义了。
It doesn't make sense
⑥Seeing their task finished, they have .
看到任务完成了，他们有一种满足感。
⑦We need someone and analyze them for us.
我们需要有人来理解这些数据并为我们进行分析。
a sense of satisfaction
to make sense of the data
(2)句式升级
⑧We will in no sense share the items such as the towel and the washbasin with other people.
→In no sense the items such as the towel and the washbasin with other people.
will we share
3．However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
★break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
[用法感知]
①Thunderous applause broke out, with the name David echoing again and again.
在爆发的雷鸣般的掌声中，大卫的名字一遍又一遍地回响。
②Having promised that we would get there before five, I was seized with panic when the car broke down.
因为承诺了五点之前我们一定到那儿，所以当车抛锚的时候，我非常慌张。
③(“动作描写”写作佳句)She glanced up at Trevor, then down, then up, her face breaking into a big smile.
她看了看特雷弗，上下打量着，她的脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。
归纳点拨 break up　　　　　打碎；分裂；解体；解散；
(关系)破裂；结束；分手
break in 破门而入；打断；插话
break into 破门而入；突然开始做
break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉
break away from 脱离；摆脱
break through 突破
break off 中断；终止；脱落
名师点津 break in为不及物动词短语，其后不可跟宾语，而break into为及物动词短语。
续表
[应用融会]　(选用上面短语完成句子)
④I nodded slightly, and my daughter's frowning face slowly ________
a smile.
⑤Young adults must depending on their parents.
⑥We don't know the reason why they have with each other.
broke into
break away from
broken up
⑦The sun the clouds and jumped out of the sea.
⑧I was on the point of when my father came running to help.
broke through
breaking down
★defend vt.防御；保卫；保护；辩解；防守
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”写作佳句)Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.
看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。
②It was impossible for any single man to defend himself against the attacks of the wild lion.
任何一个人都不可能抵挡野狮子的攻击。
③The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence.
那个售货员后退了几步，显得很害怕，她举起双手，好像是在自卫。
[归纳点拨]
(1)defend oneself　　　　　 自卫；为……辩解
defend against 抵御
defend sb.from/against 保护某人免受……
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保卫(……)
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I'm determined to work hard and devote myself to ___________
(defend) the world peace.
⑤During the war, thousands upon thousands of patriots died in action in (defend)of the country.
defending
defence
⑥The Great Wall was constructed for defending invasion in the ancient times.
⑦We should protect the environment together.
我们应该保护环境，共同保卫我们的家园。
名师点津：defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。
against
to defend our home
4．As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion ...
二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
★assistant n．助手；助理
[用法感知]
①(“申请”类写作佳句)I'm applying for the position as an administrative assistant in your company.
我想申请贵公司行政助理一职。
②To assist the students to learn Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your school.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定向贵校捐赠一些书籍。
③Lacking experience, Lily wanted me to assist her in her work.
由于缺乏经验，莉莉想让我在工作上帮助她。
[归纳点拨]
(1)assist vt.　　　　　　　　 帮助；协助；援助
(2)assistance n. 援助；帮助
come to one's assistance 帮助某人
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I heard that you are looking for an (assist)．
⑤If it had not been for your timely (assist) in giving me first aid，I fear that the consequences might have been much serious.
⑥I'd like to invite you to there.
我想邀请你和我们一起帮助那里的老人。
assistant
assistance
join us in assisting the elderly people
5．...was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
……受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
★charge n．费用；主管；掌管；责任v.收费；控诉；要价；指控
[用法感知]
①Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.
这只野兽突然扑向我们。
②Charged with stealing things in the shop, the lady stood there, hanging her head in shame.
那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西，她站在那里，羞愧地垂着头。
③I'm happy to know you are in charge of a teenage art exhibition next month.
我很高兴知道你将负责下个月的青少年艺术展。
归纳点拨 (1)charge at/towards　扑向；冲向
charge sb.with sth. 指控某人某事
charge (sb.) for sth.为某事(向某人)收费/要价
(2)in charge (of ...) 主管/掌管/负责(……)
in the charge of 由……负责
take charge of ... 负责/掌管……
free of charge 免费
名师点津 in charge of多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of多以物作主语，指“某物/事由某人负责/主管”。
续表
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④He was charged theft and sentenced to five years in prison.
⑤You are able to carry an assistance dog free charge in the cabin of all our flights.
with
of
⑥ , I was rooted to the spot, with my heart jumping madly in my mouth and my legs trembling.
一看到这个凶猛的动物向我扑来，我就僵在原地，我的心快跳到了嗓子眼，腿也发抖。
Upon seeing the fierce creature charging towards me
(2)一句多译
当老板不在的时候，公司由汤姆负责。
⑦The company when the boss is away.
⑧Tom is the company when the boss is away.
⑨Tom the company when the boss is away.
is in the charge of Tom
in charge of
takes charge of
课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Muscle is composed of two different types of (蛋白质)．
2．No matter what jobs you want to do, be sure to lay a (坚实的) foundation in basic knowledge and skills.
3．When facing setbacks, you should try to get out of the ________
(阴影) and cheer up.
protein
solid
shadow
4．It is easier to think in (具体的) terms rather than in the abstract.
5．Since he took over the company, the company has made _____
(稳步的) progress.
6．Although he wasn't the champion, he showed (优秀的) sportsmanship in the game.
concrete
steady
outstanding
7．Seeing other kids (投掷) small stones into the stream, the little boy also tried to do the same.
8．The rain had stopped and a (彩虹) was visible in the sky.
9．It can enhance nation's sense of pride, self-confidence and _______
(爱国的) enthusiasm.
10．My arms were aching so I (改变) position slightly.
casting
rainbow
patriotic
shifted
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have to do some (think) before making a decision.
2．Contrary to popular belief, some (virus) protect rather than kill us.
3．It is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make ________(brilliance) progress in English.
thinking
viruses
brilliant
4．We will promote high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road (initial)．
5．Young Einstein was fascinated by physical and _____________
(mechanic) phenomena.
6．The waiter serves tea the customer with a smile.
Initiative
mechanical
to
7．Only in this way can they (defence) their own legal rights and interests.
8．Michelangelo was a (gift) painter and sculptor, who gained his reputation during the Renaissance.
defend
gifted
9．The company rewarded the (astronomy) with a journey to China last year.
10．The manager is now in need of a good (assist) that he can count on to deal with problems in his absence.
astronomer
assistant
Ⅲ.选词填空
break out， in charge of， come down with， above all， have a great impact on， take on， make sense，be traced back to
1．A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room .
2．If you want to make progress, , you must be strict with yourself.
broke out
above all
3．As is known to us, the surroundings ______________________
our study and lives.
4．I feel greatly honoured to be your visit to our school next week.
5．London is an ancient port city with a history which can ________________Roman times.
have a great impact on
in charge of
be traced back to
6．Here are a few things you can do to reduce the chance of _________________a cold.
7．No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't .
8．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake, the city _______a new look.
coming down with
make sense
took on
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．当被问及他们最需要什么时，孩子们说他们想要被重视和被爱。(连词＋分词)
, the kids said they wanted to feel valued and loved.
When asked what they needed most
2．我总是努力克服困难。那就是为什么我总是在别人失败的地方成功。(why)
I always try to overcome difficulties._________________________
where others have failed.
3．由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(过去分词短语作状语)
, John didn't notice evening approaching.
That is why I have always
succeeded
Absorbed in painting
4．他不仅以诚实赢得了友谊，而且还找到了成功的关键。(not only ...but also ...)
He with his honesty,______________
.
5．我们能做的就是慢慢沿着原路回去。(what引导的主语从句)
to go back along the previous track.
not only gained friendship
but also found
the key to success
What we could do was
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family.The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 1 regarding the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．
The family was on a very tight 2 .However, his parents 3 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.Pasteur had a 4 for painting and drawing.When he realized that art was 5 to earn a living, he changed to 6 .
He was not a(n) 7 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 8 school.Later, he owed his success to his 9 .He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 10 some of the most difficult scientific problems.
Pasteur's 11 research was completely self-funded.His wife, Marie, 12 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to 13 research positions at more great institutions.Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 14 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award 15 in his field.As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献。
√
1．A.predictions B．discoveries
C．methods D．performances
解析：根据下文“regarding ...pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) ”可知，这些都是科学发现。故选B。
√
2．A.turn B．schedule
C．relationship D．budget
解析：根据上文“into a poor family”和空后的“However, his parents ...afford”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。
√
3．A.valued B．overestimated
C．sharpened D．assigned
解析：根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去他们能负担起的最好的学校。故选A。
√
4．A.demand B．temptation
C．passion D．inspiration
解析：根据下文“When he ...changed to”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。故选C。
5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely
C．unexpected D．uneventful
解析：根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，此处指他意识到艺术并不太可能谋生。 unavoidable“无法避免的”；unlikely“不太可能的”；unexpected“意外的”； uneventful“太平无事的”。故选B。
√
6．A.geography B．arithmetic
C．politics D．chemistry
解析：根据上文“The French ...pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．”可知，他后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。故选D。
√
7．A.considerate B．intelligent
C．lifelong D．intimate
解析：根据下文“but he worked ...it”以及“It took him three ...school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。considerate“体贴的”； intelligent“聪明的”；lifelong“终身的”；intimate“亲密的”。故选B。
√
8．A.desired B．approved
C．engaged D．varied
解析：根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常识可知，他最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。
√
9．A.fame B．routine
C．perseverance D．blessing
解析：根据上文“It took him three ...school.”以及下文“He impressed ...willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。fame“名声；名望”； routine“例行公事”；perseverance“毅力”；blessing“祝福”。故选C。
√
10．A.fundraising B．tackling
C．motivating D．occupying
解析：根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决；处理”。fundraise“筹款”；tackle“处理”； motivate“激励”； occupy“占据”。故选B。
√
11．A.overnight B．joint
C．monthly D．early
解析：根据下文的“His wife, Marie, ...lab.”以及“Eventually, ...rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。故选D。
√
√
12．A.actively B．objectively
C．humbly D．nobly
解析：根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。actively“积极地”；objectively“客观地”； humbly“谦卑地”； nobly“崇高地”。故选A。
13．A.turn down B．cope with
C．work out D．take up
解析：根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。 turn down“拒绝”； cope with“处理”；work out“解决”；take up“从事”。故选D。
√
√
14．A.dedicate B．treat
C．find D．commit
解析：根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。
15．A.available B．memorable
C．favorable D．knowledgeable
解析：根据上文的“He was highly ...award”可推测，他是赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。available“可得到的；可使用的”； memorable“难忘的”； favorable“有利的”；knowledgeable“博学的”。故选A。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
Liu Yongtan, 1 (know) as a pioneer in China's high-speed rail industry, graduated 2 Southwest Jiaotong University in 1955.Then he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, 3 he gained valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan joined in China's first high-speed rail project, the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.At the time, many engineers believed that it was 4 (possible) to build such a railway in China.Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team devoted all their life to 5 (develop) one of 6 most advanced high-speed rail systems 7 (global)．
Thanks to Liu Yongtan's leadership, China's high-speed rail network 8 (grow) rapidly over the years.One of Liu Yongtan's most significant 9 (contribute) was the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines.His achievements have not only benefited China 10 have inspired engineers around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了刘永坦和他的团队在建设中国高铁网络方面所作出的贡献。
1．known　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中已有谓语动词“graduated”，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，be known as“被称为”，主语“Liu Yongtan”和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填known。
2．from　考查介词。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
3．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Chengdu-Kunming Railway”，空格处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。
4．impossible　考查形容词。句意：当时，许多工程师认为在中国不可能修建这样的铁路。分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作表语，且结合句意可知，此处意为“不可能的”，所以应用possible的反义词impossible。
5．developing　考查非谓语动词。devote sth.to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”，其中to为介词。故填developing。
6．the　考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
7．globally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作状语，应用global的副词形式globally。
8．has grown　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，结合所给时间状语“over the years”可知，本句应用现在完成时，句子主语“China's high-speed rail network”是第三人称单数。故填has grown。
9．contributions　考查名词。“one of＋名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”，空格处应填名词的复数形式，contribute的名词形式为contribution。故填contributions。
10．but　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填连词，not only ...but (also) ...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。　
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the high-protein diets 　 高__________饮食
2．red blood cells 红______________
3．the spread of the virus __________的传播
4．flu vaccine 流感____________
5．theoretical framework 理论____________
6．solid-state battery ____________电池
7．cast a shadow on 给……蒙上　　　
8．make concrete plans 做__________计划
9．a respected patriotic poet 一位受人尊敬的________诗人
10．aviation psychology ____________心理学
11．space and missile programme 太空和________方案
12．leadership meetings ______________会议
13．an abstract theory 一种__________理论
14．admit your fault 承认你的__________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．__________ a sympathetic glimpse at 向……投以同情的一瞥
2．a beautiful __________ 一道美丽的彩虹
3．__________ the coffee 倒咖啡
4．disappear without any ________　 不翼而飞
5．an ________ scientist 一位著名的科学家
6．a __________ increase 稳步上升/增加
7．a new __________ 一个新概念
8．__________ music 除了音乐
9．__________ your energy to 把你的精力转到……上
10．a __________ and detailed description
生动详细的描述
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．assistant: -ant名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①accountant　会计师　 ②attendant　护理人员
③consultant 顾问 ④inhabitant 居住者
⑤contestant 比赛者　　
2．gifted：-ed形容词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①interested 　感兴趣的　 ②surprised 　惊讶的
③detailed 详细的 ④crowded 拥挤的
⑤balanced 平衡的 ⑥talented 有天赋的　　
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________　 对……有影响
2．______________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)
突然开始；爆发
3．______________ 把……换成……
4．______________ 在……期间
5．______________ 主管；掌管
6．______________ 接受；从事
7．______________ 接着是；然后是
8．______________ 追溯到
9．______________ 赢得……名声
10．______________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
11．______________ 与……的斗争
12．______________ 最重要的是；尤其是
重点词汇·深化学习
1．He was ready to serve dinner to his friends ...
他准备把晚餐端给他的朋友们……
★serve vt.招待；服务；供应；提供；履行义务 vi.可用作
[用法感知]
①We should serve the people heart and soul.
我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
②(“节日介绍”写作佳句)The reunion dinner is usually served with abundant foods, such as fish, chicken, beef as well as many other dishes.
团圆饭通常供应丰富的食物，如鱼、鸡、牛肉以及许多其他菜肴。
③(主旨升华句)To him, they served as a reminder of hope, a promise that light and warmth would soon replace cold and dark.
对他来说，它们象征着希望，预示着光明和温暖将很快取代寒冷和黑暗。
[归纳点拨]
(1)serve as　　　　　　　　 充当；担任
(2)serve sb.(with) sth. 向某人提供某物
serve/treat sth.to sb. 用某物招待某人
(3)service n. 服务
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I promise to offer the best __________ (serve) to the people at the games.
⑤__________ (serve) as a silent guardian, it successfully scared the birds away.
⑥In conclusion, the strengthening of supervision _____________________________.
总之，加强监管力度是解决水污染的有效途径。
2．...a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.
……有点非传统，但有意义，因为要找准病毒很棘手。
★make sense讲得通；有意义
[用法感知]
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
②(“心理描写”写作佳句)After hearing this satisfactory outcome, Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.
在听到这个令人满意的结果后，史蒂夫感到一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。
③However, when I realized complaining made no sense, I adjusted my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever I encountered difficult problems.
然而，当我意识到抱怨毫无意义时，我调整了我的学习方法，每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。
④In some sense, he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging us never to give up.
从某种意义上说，他实际上是希望的灯塔，鼓励我们永不放弃。
[归纳点拨]
make no sense　　　　　　　 没道理；没意义
make sense of 理解；弄懂
in a/some sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
a sense of 一种……感
there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/意义
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
⑤________________________ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这些较便宜的外套也一样好，买那件贵的就没有意义了。
⑥Seeing their task finished, they have ____________________.
看到任务完成了，他们有一种满足感。
⑦We need someone ____________________ and analyze them for us.
我们需要有人来理解这些数据并为我们进行分析。
(2)句式升级
⑧We will in no sense share the items such as the towel and the washbasin with other people.
→In no sense __________ the items such as the towel and the washbasin with other people.
3．However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
★break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
[用法感知]
①Thunderous applause broke out, with the name David echoing again and again.
在爆发的雷鸣般的掌声中，大卫的名字一遍又一遍地回响。
②Having promised that we would get there before five, I was seized with panic when the car broke down.
因为承诺了五点之前我们一定到那儿，所以当车抛锚的时候，我非常慌张。
③(“动作描写”写作佳句)She glanced up at Trevor, then down, then up, her face breaking into a big smile.她看了看特雷弗，上下打量着，她的脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。
归纳点拨 break up　　　　　打碎；分裂；解体；解散；(关系)破裂；结束；分手 break in 破门而入；打断；插话 break into 破门而入；突然开始做 break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉 break away from 脱离；摆脱 break through 突破 break off 中断；终止；脱落
名师点津 break in为不及物动词短语，其后不可跟宾语，而break into为及物动词短语。
[应用融会]　(选用上面短语完成句子)
④I nodded slightly, and my daughter's frowning face slowly ____________ a smile.
⑤Young adults must ________________ depending on their parents.
⑥We don't know the reason why they have ______________ with each other.
⑦The sun ________________ the clouds and jumped out of the sea.
⑧I was on the point of ________________ when my father came running to help.
★defend vt.防御；保卫；保护；辩解；防守
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”写作佳句)Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.
看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。
②It was impossible for any single man to defend himself against the attacks of the wild lion.
任何一个人都不可能抵挡野狮子的攻击。
③The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence.
那个售货员后退了几步，显得很害怕，她举起双手，好像是在自卫。
[归纳点拨]
(1)defend oneself　　　　　 自卫；为……辩解
defend against 抵御
defend sb.from/against 保护某人免受……
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保卫(……)
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I'm determined to work hard and devote myself to__________ (defend) the world peace.
⑤During the war, thousands upon thousands of patriots died in action in __________ (defend) of the country.
⑥The Great Wall was constructed for defending __________ invasion in the ancient times.
⑦We should protect the environment ________________________ together.
我们应该保护环境，共同保卫我们的家园。
名师点津：defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。
4．As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion ...
二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
★assistant n．助手；助理
[用法感知]
①(“申请”类写作佳句)I'm applying for the position as an administrative assistant in your company.
我想申请贵公司行政助理一职。
②To assist the students to learn Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your school.为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定向贵校捐赠一些书籍。
③Lacking experience, Lily wanted me to assist her in her work.
由于缺乏经验，莉莉想让我在工作上帮助她。
[归纳点拨]
(1)assist vt.　　　　　　　　 帮助；协助；援助
帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 援助；帮助
come to one's assistance 帮助某人
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I heard that you are looking for an ________(assist)．
⑤If it had not been for your timely __________ (assist) in giving me first aid，I fear that the consequences might have been much serious.
⑥I'd like to invite you to ________________________________ there.
我想邀请你和我们一起帮助那里的老人。
5．...was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
……受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
★charge n．费用；主管；掌管；责任v.收费；控诉；要价；指控
[用法感知]
①Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.
这只野兽突然扑向我们。
②Charged with stealing things in the shop, the lady stood there, hanging her head in shame.
那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西，她站在那里，羞愧地垂着头。
③I'm happy to know you are in charge of a teenage art exhibition next month.
我很高兴知道你将负责下个月的青少年艺术展。
归纳点拨 (1)charge at/towards　扑向；冲向 charge sb.with sth. 指控某人某事 charge (sb.) for sth.为某事(向某人)收费/要价 (2)in charge (of ...) 主管/掌管/负责(……) in the charge of 由……负责 take charge of ... 负责/掌管…… free of charge 免费
名师点津 in charge of多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of多以物作主语，指“某物/事由某人负责/主管”。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④He was charged __________ theft and sentenced to five years in prison.
⑤You are able to carry an assistance dog free __________ charge in the cabin of all our flights.
⑥_____________________________________________________________， I was rooted to the spot, with my heart jumping madly in my mouth and my legs trembling.
一看到这个凶猛的动物向我扑来，我就僵在原地，我的心快跳到了嗓子眼，腿也发抖。
(2)一句多译
当老板不在的时候，公司由汤姆负责。
⑦The company ____________________ when the boss is away.
⑧Tom is ________________ the company when the boss is away.
⑨Tom ________________ the company when the boss is away.
Section Ⅳ
新学词汇·归类记清　
一、1.蛋白　2.细胞　3.病毒　4.疫苗　5.框架　6.固态
7．阴影　8.具体　9.爱国　10.航空　11.导弹　12.领导人　13.抽象　14.过错
二、1.cast　2.rainbow　3.pour　4.trace　5.outstanding
6．steady　7.concept　8.besides　9.shift　10.vivid
三、1.①think　②thinker　③thinking　2.①find　②finding
3．①initial ②initially ③initiative 4.①mechanic ②mechanical
5．①defend　②defence　6.①assist　②assistant　③assistance
7．①gift　②gifted　8.①astronomy　②astronomer
9．①brilliant　②brilliance
五、1.have an impact on　2.break out　3.switch ...to ...
4．over the course of　5.in charge of　6.take on
7．followed by　8.be traced back to　9.earn the name of
10．come down with　11.fight against　12.above all
重点词汇·深化学习　
1．④service　⑤Serving
⑥serves as an effective solution to water pollution
2．⑤It doesn't make sense　⑥a sense of satisfaction
⑦to make sense of the data　⑧will we share
3．★④broke into　⑤break away from　⑥broken up
⑦broke through　⑧breaking down
★④defending　⑤defence　⑥against　⑦to defend our home
4．④assistant　⑤assistance
⑥join us in assisting the elderly people
5．④with　⑤of
⑥Upon seeing the fierce creature charging towards me
⑦is in the charge of Tom　⑧in charge of　⑨takes charge ofUNIT 1　课时检测(四)　
新知学习一课过
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Muscle is composed of two different types of __________ (蛋白质)．
2．No matter what jobs you want to do, be sure to lay a __________ (坚实的) foundation in basic knowledge and skills.
3．When facing setbacks, you should try to get out of the __________ (阴影) and cheer up.
4．It is easier to think in __________ (具体的) terms rather than in the abstract.
5．Since he took over the company, the company has made __________ (稳步的) progress.
6．Although he wasn't the champion, he showed __________ (优秀的) sportsmanship in the game.
7．Seeing other kids __________ (投掷) small stones into the stream, the little boy also tried to do the same.
8．The rain had stopped and a __________ (彩虹) was visible in the sky.
9．It can enhance nation's sense of pride, self confidence and ____________ (爱国的) enthusiasm.
10．My arms were aching so I __________ (改变) position slightly.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have to do some __________ (think) before making a decision.
2．Contrary to popular belief, some __________ (virus) protect rather than kill us.
3．It is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make __________ (brilliance) progress in English.
4．We will promote high quality cooperation under the Belt and Road __________ (initial)．
5．Young Einstein was fascinated by physical and __________ (mechanic) phenomena.
6．The waiter serves tea __________ the customer with a smile.
7．Only in this way can they __________ (defence) their own legal rights and interests.
8．Michelangelo was a __________ (gift) painter and sculptor, who gained his reputation during the Renaissance.
9．The company rewarded the __________ (astronomy) with a journey to China last year.
10．The manager is now in need of a good ________ (assist) that he can count on to deal with problems in his absence.
Ⅲ.选词填空
break out， in charge of， come down with， above all， have a great impact on， take on， make sense，be traced back to
1．A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room ______________.
2．If you want to make progress, ______________， you must be strict with yourself.
3．As is known to us, the surroundings ______________________ our study and lives.
4．I feel greatly honoured to be ______________ your visit to our school next week.
5．London is an ancient port city with a history which can ______________ Roman times.
6．Here are a few things you can do to reduce the chance of ______________ a cold.
7．No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't ______________.
8．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake, the city ______________ a new look.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．当被问及他们最需要什么时，孩子们说他们想要被重视和被爱。(连词＋分词)
____________________________________， the kids said they wanted to feel valued and loved.
2．我总是努力克服困难。那就是为什么我总是在别人失败的地方成功。(why)
I always try to overcome difficulties.______________________________ where others have failed.
3．由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(过去分词短语作状语)
____________________， John didn't notice evening approaching.
4．他不仅以诚实赢得了友谊，而且还找到了成功的关键。(not only ...but also ...)
He ________________________ with his honesty, ________________________.
5．我们能做的就是慢慢沿着原路回去。(what引导的主语从句)
________________________________ to go back along the previous track.
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family.The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific __1__ regarding the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．
The family was on a very tight __2__.However, his parents __3__ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.Pasteur had a __4__ for painting and drawing.When he realized that art was ___5__ to earn a living, he changed to __6__.
He was not a(n) __7__ student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __8__ school.Later, he owed his success to his __9__.He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in __10__ some of the most difficult scientific problems.
Pasteur's__11__ research was completely self funded.His wife, Marie, __12__ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to __13__ research positions at more great institutions.Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to __14__ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award __15__ in his field.As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day.
1．A.predictions B．discoveries
C．methods D．performances
2．A.turn B．schedule
C．relationship D．budget
3．A.valued B．overestimated
C．sharpened D．assigned
4．A.demand B．temptation
C．passion D．inspiration
5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely
C．unexpected D．uneventful
6．A.geography B．arithmetic
C．politics D．chemistry
7．A.considerate B．intelligent
C．lifelong D．intimate
8．A.desired B．approved
C．engaged D．varied
9．A.fame B．routine
C．perseverance D．blessing
10．A.fundraising B．tackling
C．motivating D．occupying
11．A.overnight B．joint
C．monthly D．early
12．A.actively B．objectively
C．humbly D．nobly
13．A.turn down B．cope with
C．work out D．take up
14．A.dedicate B．treat
C．find D．commit
15．A.available B．memorable
C．favorable D．knowledgeable
Ⅱ.语法填空
Liu Yongtan, __1__ (know) as a pioneer in China's high speed rail industry, graduated __2__ Southwest Jiaotong University in 1955.Then he worked as a technician on the Chengdu Kunming Railway, __3__ he gained valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan joined in China's first high speed rail project, the Beijing Shanghai Railway.At the time, many engineers believed that it was __4__ (possible) to build such a railway in China.Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team devoted all their life to __5__ (develop) one of __6__ most advanced high speed rail systems __7__ (global)．
Thanks to Liu Yongtan's leadership, China's high speed rail network __8__ (grow) rapidly over the years.One of Liu Yongtan's most significant __9__ (contribute) was the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high speed rail lines.His achievements have not only benefited China __10__ have inspired engineers around the world.
UNIT 1　课时检测(四)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.protein　2.solid　3.shadow　4.concrete　5.steady
6．outstanding　7.casting　8.rainbow　9.patriotic
10．shifted
Ⅱ.1.thinking　2.viruses　3.brilliant　4.Initiative
5．mechanical　6.to　7.defend　8.gifted　9.astronomer　10.assistant
Ⅲ.1.broke out　2.above all　3.have a great impact on
4．in charge of　5.be traced back to　6.coming down with　7.make sense　8.took on
Ⅳ.1.When asked what they needed most　2.That is why I have always succeeded　3.Absorbed in painting
4．not only gained friendship; but also found the key to success　5.What we could do was
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
1．选B　根据下文“regarding ...pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) ”可知，这些都是科学发现。故选B。
2．选D　根据上文“into a poor family”和空后的“However, his parents ...afford”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。
3．选A　根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去他们能负担起的最好的学校。故选A。
4．选C　根据下文“When he ...changed to”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。故选C。
5．选B　根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，此处指他意识到艺术并不太可能谋生。 unavoidable“无法避免的”；unlikely“不太可能的”；unexpected“意外的”； uneventful“太平无事的”。故选B。
6．选D　根据上文“The French ...pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．”可知，他后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。故选D。
7．选B　根据下文“but he worked ...it”以及“It took him three ...school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。considerate“体贴的”； intelligent“聪明的”；lifelong“终身的”；intimate“亲密的”。故选B。
8．选A　根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常识可知，他最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。
9．选C　根据上文“It took him three ...school.”以及下文“He impressed ...willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。fame“名声；名望”； routine“例行公事”；perseverance“毅力”；blessing“祝福”。故选C。
10．选B　根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决；处理”。fundraise“筹款”；tackle“处理”； motivate“激励”； occupy“占据”。故选B。
11．选D　根据下文的“His wife, Marie, ...lab.”以及“Eventually, ...rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。故选D。
12．选A　根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。actively“积极地”；objectively“客观地”； humbly“谦卑地”； nobly“崇高地”。故选A。
13．选D　根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。 turn down“拒绝”； cope with“处理”；work out“解决”；take up“从事”。故选D。
14．选C　根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。
15．选A　根据上文的“He was highly ...award”可推测，他是赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。available“可得到的；可使用的”； memorable“难忘的”； favorable“有利的”；knowledgeable“博学的”。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了刘永坦和他的团队在建设中国高铁网络方面所作出的贡献。
1．known　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中已有谓语动词“graduated”，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，be known as“被称为”，主语“Liu Yongtan”和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填known。
2．from　考查介词。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
3．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the ChengduKunming Railway”，空格处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。
4．impossible　考查形容词。句意：当时，许多工程师认为在中国不可能修建这样的铁路。分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作表语，且结合句意可知，此处意为“不可能的”，所以应用possible的反义词impossible。
5．developing　考查非谓语动词。devote sth.to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”，其中to为介词。故填developing。
6．the　考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
7．globally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作状语，应用global的副词形式globally。
8．has grown　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，结合所给时间状语“over the years”可知，本句应用现在完成时，句子主语“China's highspeed rail network”是第三人称单数。故填has grown。
9．contributions　考查名词。“one of＋名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”，空格处应填名词的复数形式，contribute的名词形式为contribution。故填contributions。
10．but　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填连词，not only ...but (also) ...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。

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