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2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元基础综合练习1【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
I was having a much desired weekend lie in when my four year old kid came in to remind me to get dressed.Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours looking mindlessly through my phone instead of resting，I got out of bed feeling more mentally 1 than on mornings when I get up at dawn.
My husband has been 2 about my screen addiction for months.But somehow those two precious lost hours led me into 3 ：My phone was 3 me.
Considering what sort of digital 4 to put myself on，I came across a company named Mind Over Tech.The product is a physical deck(实体牌) of 50 cards，each bearing bite sized experiments to help users 5 technology more mindfully.Over a 24 hour period I tried a few out，including: “ 7 early morning tech use”，which 6 me to try to delay the first moment when I 7 my phone each morning，and “Post It note on your phone screen”，to help me notice when and why I pick it up.The 8 is not to force yourself to change，but to try to build a new healthy habit.
I decided I would only 9 doing something if it stuck naturally.The first two cards 10 well for me.Over two weeks，I practised them each day and found myself feeling more 11 about my relationship with technology.And I was more able to exercise 12 when using my phone.I will stick to these habits 15 ，as I’m afraid I’ll relapse into(退回) old ways.
1．A.relaxed B．relieved C．tired D．disappointed
2．A.thinking B．complaining C．hearing D．caring
3．A.puzzle B．recognition C．guess D．sense
4．A.controlling B．hurting C．judging D．monitoring
5．A.watch B．task C．diet D．project
6．A.improve B．create C．approach D．develop
7．A.Avoid B．Start C．Expand D．Explore
8．A.forced B．asked C．allowed D．commanded
9．A.talk about B．put away C．escape from D．engage with
10．A.goal B．plan C．reason D．dream
11．A.forget B．practise C．mind D．keep
12．A.read B．wrote C．worked D．operated
13．A.doubtful B．positive C．confused D．curious
14．A.self control B．self care C．self respect D．self love
15．A.fortunately B．normally C．recently D．regularly
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
For many creatures, the ocean is a terrifying place. Several marine animals have declined as a result of overfishing and pollution. But cephalopods (头足动物) — a type of invertebrate (无脊椎动物) that includes octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid, have seen a dramatic increase in their numbers over the past 60 years.
Zoe Doubleday, a scientist at the University of Adelaide, in Australia, conducted a study of cephalopods recently. She points out that their population rise is due to the animals’ unique traits.
The creatures can change their color and body shape. They are fast-growing and live for only one or two years. “This allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions more quickly than other marine species,” Doubleday says.
“Rising sea temperatures may be speeding up the animals’ life cycle. They may be growing faster and producing more youngs.”
Cephalopods live in all of the world’s oceans. They can be found in waters from the freezing polar regions to the warm tropic regions. Because they adapt so easily to their environment, the animals are called “the weed of the sea”.
Will octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid take over the world one day Some people may wonder. According to Doubleday, that is unlikely. The rise in cephalopod populations could slow down if the animals run out of prey (被捕食的动物) and start feeding on one another. Overfishing could also have an impact on their numbers.
For now, the cephalopod population boom is good news for them and some other sea creatures. “Increases in cephalopod populations could benefit predators (捕食性动物) such as marine mammals and seabirds, which rely on cephalopods for food,” Doubleday says.
13．What has caused the number of some marine animals to reduce
A．Ship transportation. B．Global oil production.
C．Rising sea temperatures. D．Overfishing and pollution.
14．The underlined word “traits” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_____”.
A．habits B．features
C．hobbies D．looks
15．According to Doubleday, cephalopods _____.
A．have a very long life cycle B．change their shapes with season
C．prefer to live in the warm waters D．adapt to the environment quickly
16．Which would be the best title of the text
A．Cephalopods B．Weed of the Sea
C．Who Will Take over the World D．The Problems Faced by Marine Animals
For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.
Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning(产卵)observations, researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes(配子)and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems,” they explain.
“Corals are among the most biodiverse, economically important, and threatened ecosystems on the planet,” write the authors of the study.
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destruction, fisheries, and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we could perhaps look to delay the switching-on of night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed.
17．Why is the first paragraph written
A．To present the topic of the text. B．To advocate energy conservation.
C．To explain a natural phenomenon. D．To provide background information.
18．What does the underlined word “optimum” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Possible. B．Appropriate. C．Flexible. D．Sensitive.
19．What is the researchers’ major concern over corals
A．Extinction. B．Losing value.
C．Terrible diseases. D．Exposure to moonlight.
20．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B．Night-time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C．Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D．Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at 250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend 10bn — doubling current levels of investment — on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
21．What does the poll show
A．Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year.
B．Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches.
C．Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted.
D．Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23.
22．What suggestion does the Department for Environment make to the government
A．Reducing bonuses of water company managers.
B．Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies.
C．Fining rule-breaking water companies at least 250,000.
D．Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits.
23．What does the underlined part “off the hook” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Develop slowly. B．Improve too fast.
C．Free of responsibility. D．Attract public attention.
24．In which section of the website can you probably read the text
A．Environment. B．Lifestyle. C．Fitness. D．Business.
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
25． What can we learn about the worms in the study
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They are newly evolved creatures.
C．They can consume plastics.
D．They wind up in landfills.
26． According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _______.
A．identify other means of the breakdown
B．find out the source of the enzyme
C．confirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdown speed
27． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
28． What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. 29 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 30 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 31 Seaweed becomes food of many kinds — even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 32 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea Garbage. 33 Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life, too. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A．We even use their bones for fertilizer.
B．Some of its contents may cause illness.
C．Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
D．The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
E．We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea.
F．We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
G．Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
选择填空：responsible/responsibility
34．I shall make it my business to find out who is .
35．Don’t worry. If anything goes wrong, I’ll take for it.
选词填空：affect/effect
36．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may your credit (信誉).
37．The crisis had a negative on trade.
选择填空：in order to/so as to/in order that/so that
38．My progress in reading raised my curiosity（好奇心）, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, I could read all of the road signs we passed.
39．After graduation, he took all his works to London get a good job there
40． finish the research, the professor always stayed up, and every day the light in his room didn't go out until 2：00 a. m.
prior to; at a minimum; refer to; slice off; regardless of ; put more simply
41． , there is no denying that we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.
42．If you want to make progress, you should spend two hours every evening studying .
43．You can just enough meat for your dinner at a time, and put the rest back in the fridge.
44． all the difficulties, I will try to perform to the best of my ability in this competition.
45．Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was .
46．My first impression of the association had been made through the Internet coming to visit it.
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
Have an impact on reliable submit reveal be responsible for Make up one’s mind barrier figure out end up competitive
47．You need a degree to be in today’s job market.
48．We need more information before we can take action.
49．The mountains acted as a natural to the spread of the disease.
50．The movie we wanted to see was sold out so we seeing a different one.
51．If you something, it is your duty to deal with it and make decisions relating to it.
52．Those interested in the position should their applications to the Student Union.
53．A survey of the British diet that a growing number of people are overweight.
54．We had a very productive meeting because I felt we a lot of problems.
55．Technological innovation the country’s economy quite considerably.
56．Summer vacation is coming, but I can’t where to take my vacation.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
57．There is no doubt he will succeed this time.
58．The surgeon seized the pickpocket the collar. (用适当的词填空)
59．These people will starve death unless they receive help soon.
60．I am determined to study hard,to be a useful person to the country and to contribute the improvement of people’s lives.(全国Ⅱ卷)
61．She is sensitive people’s feelings,so don’t disturb her.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
62．假定你是李华，你们班在校英文报组织的以“Sea Exploration”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
（1）创作过程；
（2）你的感想。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、生活故事、记叙文
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．B
4．A
5．C
6．C
7．A
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．D
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的“数字节食”——戒除看手机成瘾的经历。
【解析】1．根据上文“I had wasted nearly two hours looking mindlessly through my phone instead of resting”可知，作者在床上看手机而不是休息，故感到疲惫。故选C。
2．根据常识及后文“about my screen addiction for months”可知，丈夫抱怨作者沉迷手机。故选B。
3．根据后文“My phone was me”可知，这是作者产生的认识。故选B。
4．根据前文“my screen addiction”可知，作者的手机在“控制”着她。故选A。
5．根据后文“Over a 24 hour period I tried a few out...to help me notice when and why I pick it up.”可知，作者意识到自己被手机所控制，打算戒掉这个不良习惯。此处用“节食”(on a diet)来比喻戒掉坏习惯。故选C。
6．根据后文“technology more mindfully”可知，这种方法能帮助更好地应对科技产品。故选C。
7．根据后文“which me to try to delay the first moment when I my phone each morning”可知，此处指避免在清晨使用科技产品。故选A。
8．根据后文“The is not to force yourself to change”可知，这种方法要求作者尽量这样去做。故选B。
9．根据后文“my phone”可知，此处指当作者接触手机时，该方法要求作者尽量避免。故选D。
10．根据后文“is not to force yourself to change，but to try to build a new healthy habit”可知，此处指戒除手机成瘾的“目标”。故选A。
11．根据后文“I will stick to these habits”可知，要养成习惯，必须坚持。故选D。
12．根据后文“I practised them each day”可知，其中两张卡对作者来说很有效。故选C。
13．根据前文“The first two cards well for me.”可知，作者能够更加积极地面对自己与科技的关系。故选B。
14．根据语境和对前文“My phone was me”的分析可知，作者通过努力，已经更能自我控制了。故选A。
15．根据后文“as I’m afraid I’ll relapse into(退回) old ways”可知，因为作者害怕反弹，所以经常地坚持这些有益的习惯。故选D。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．D 16．D
【分析】这是一篇有关海洋生态环境的说明文。目前，由于过度捕捞及海洋环境污染，很多海洋生物数量锐减，但是头足动物的数量却在不断增加。这些动物会不会在将来统治海洋——甚至全世界呢？让我们拭目以待。
【解析】
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话“Several marine animals have declined as a result of overfishing and pollution.（由于过度捕捞和污染，一些海洋动物数量减少。）”可知，一些海洋生物的减少是由于过度捕捞和海洋环境污染。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句“The creatures can change their color and body shape. They are fast-growing and live for only one or two years.（这些生物可以改变它们的颜色和体型。它们生长迅速，寿命只有一两年。）”可知，这些生物改变的颜色和身体形状都是它们的特征，由此推断画线词“traits”指“特征”。“habits”意为“习惯”；“features”意为“特征”；“hobbies”意为“爱好”；“looks”意为“外表”。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段的“This allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions more quickly than other marine species（这使它们比其他海洋物种更快地适应不断变化的环境条件）”可知，头足类动物可以快速适应环境，故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Several marine animals have declined as a result of overfishing and pollution. But cephalopods — a type of invertebrate that includes octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid, have seen a dramatic increase in their numbers over the past 60 years.（由于过度捕捞和污染，一些海洋动物数量减少。但头足类动物——一种包括章鱼、墨鱼和鱿鱼在内的无脊椎动物——在过去60年中数量急剧增加。）”可知，本文主要讲的是目前海洋生物所面临的问题。因此D项“The Problems Faced by Marine Animals (海洋生物所面临的问题)”，故选D。
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、目的意图、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．C
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
【解析】17．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了始于19世末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，结合第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”讲述文章主题是阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。
18．词义猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句“when they would normally reproduce(当它们正常繁殖的时候)”修饰the optimum time可知“the optimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，所以画线词与appropriate“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.( 预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响，因此C项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测
【答案】
21．B
22．D
23．C
24．A
【详解】
21．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. (超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. (英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止发放水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。
23．词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的“ ‘Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,’ Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. (英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“The government needs to stop letting water companies… (政府需要停止让水务公司……)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。“develop slowly”意为“缓慢发展”；“improve too fast”意为“发展太快”；“free of responsibility”意为“不负责任”；“attract public attention”意为“吸引公众注意”。可知，因为不想负责任，所以做这些事时毫无歉意。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution. (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中关于“环境”的部分。A．Environment 环境；B．Lifestyle 生活方式；C．Fitness 健康；D．Business 商业。故选A项。
【知识点】情节发展、环境保护、目的意图、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
25． C
26． B
27． D
28． C
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
【详解】
25． 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.”可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。
26． 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物) ”可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
27． 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
28． 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句“So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.”可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
【点睛】
根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点），常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。本题的最后一题为写作意图题。文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推着写作意图是告知、告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】环境保护、议论文
【答案】29．A 30．G 31．C 32．B 33．F
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋，我们从海洋中得到许多的矿物质，人们越来越依赖海洋的资源，但是人们却不断的污染海洋，作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
【详解】29．由上文“We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (我们每年从海洋中捕捞数百万公斤的鱼，来养活数百万人。)”可知，此句主要阐述人类从海洋获取鱼类资源这一行为。A选项“We even use their bones for fertilizer. (我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料。)”，其中their指代前文的fishes，进一步说明人类对鱼类资源的深度利用，不仅获取鱼肉，还利用鱼骨制作肥料，是对人类从海洋获取资源行为的合理拓展，与上文逻辑紧密相连，使读者更全面地了解到人类从海洋获取资源的多样性。故选A。
30．由上文“One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (获取盐的一种方法是将海水放在浅盆中，直到它蒸发。)”可知，该句重点围绕通过蒸发海水获取盐展开。G选项“Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. (除了盐，蒸发后还会留下其他矿物质。)”直接针对蒸发海水这一过程，指出在获取盐的同时，蒸发过程还会使其他矿物质残留下来，是对上文内容的合理延伸和深化，让读者对通过蒸发海水获取资源有更全面、深入的认识。故选G。
31．由上文“Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (海洋的其他馈赠还有珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠变成了珠宝。)”可知，此句依次列举了海洋的馈赠珍珠、海绵、海藻，并说明了珍珠的用途。按照逻辑顺序，接下来应该说明海绵或海藻的用途。C选项“Natural sponges become cleaning aids. (天然海绵成为清洁用品。)”，明确了天然海绵的用途，与前文列举海洋馈赠及其用途的结构和逻辑相符，使文章在介绍海洋馈赠及其用途时层次更加清晰、有条理。故选C。
32．由上文“We cannot drink ocean water. (我们不能饮用海水。)”以及下文“But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. (但是当盐分被去除后，海水就变成了淡水。)”可知，这里存在逻辑上的转折和补充说明。B选项“Some of its contents may cause illness. (海水中的一些成分可能会引起疾病。)”进一步解释了不能直接饮用海水的原因，即海水含有可能致病的成分，是对上文“不能饮用海水”这一内容的合理补充和说明，使读者更清楚为什么不能直接饮用海水，增强了文章内容的逻辑性和说服力。故选B。
33．由上文“What do we give to the sea Garbage. (我们给予海洋什么？垃圾。)”可知，此句引出了人类向海洋排放垃圾的问题。F选项“We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. (当我们把海洋当作垃圾场时，我们就在污染海洋。)”，直接针对人类向海洋排放垃圾的行为，指出这种行为会导致海洋污染，与上文紧密相连，逻辑清晰。同时，自然地引出后文关于海洋污染对海洋生态造成破坏的论述，如“Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life, too. (尽管海洋很大，但它无法容纳我们倒入的所有东西。向海洋倾倒垃圾也在杀死海洋生物。)”使文章内容连贯、完整。故选F。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】名词作宾语、形容词作表语
【答案】
34．responsible
35．responsibility
【详解】
34．考查形容词。句意：我要找出谁该对此负责。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用形容词responsible“负责的”，作表语。故填responsible。
35．考查名词。句意：别担心。如果有什么差错，我就对它负责。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用名词responsibility，作宾语。take responsibility for sth意为“对某事负责”。故填responsibility。
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、表推测
【答案】
36．affect
37．effect
【详解】
36．考查动词。句意：准时缴交电费是很重要的，因为迟交电费可能会影响你的信用。设空前情态动词may，所以设空处要用动词原形。affect“影响”为及物动词，故填affect。
37．考查名词。句意：这场危机对贸易产生了负面影响。短语have a negative effect on sth.意为“对……有负面/消极影响”，故填effect。
【知识点】介词短语、目的状语从句
【答案】
38．so that##in order that
39．in order to##so as to
40．In order to
【详解】
38．考查目的状语从句。句意：我在阅读方面的进步引起了我的好奇心，我想知道一切。我发现自己经常告诉妈妈开慢一点，这样我就能看清我们经过的所有路标。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，为连词so that/in order that“以至于，以便”引导的目的状语从句，满足句意要求。故填so that/in order that。
39．考查介词短语。句意：毕业后，为了在伦敦找到一份好工作，他把所有的作品都带去了伦敦。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处为介词短语in order to/so as to“为了，以便”，满足句意要求。故填in order to/so as to。
40．考查介词短语。句意：为了完成研究，教授总是熬夜，每天他房间的灯直到凌晨两点才熄灭。分析句子结构以及空后为动词原形可知，此处为介词短语In order to“为了，以便”，满足句意要求和句子结构，so as to一般用语句中，不放在句首。故填In order to。
【知识点】介词短语、动词短语、固定句式和习语、过去分词作状语、过去进行时
【答案】
41．Put more simply
42．at a minimum
43．slice off
44．Regardless of
45．referred to
46．prior to
【详解】
41．考查动词短语。句意：简单地说，不可否认的是我们要么接受他们的提议，要么破产。分析句子结构可知，本句结构完整，所以空处应作状语，put more simply意为“简单地说”，通常是用于过去分词作状语，符合题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Put more simply。
42．考查介词短语。句意：如果你想取得进步，你应该每天晚上至少花两个小时学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“至少花两个小时”之意，所以at a minimum意为“至少”符合题意。故填at a minimum。
43．考查动词短语。句意：晚餐你可以一次切下足够的肉，然后把剩下的放回冰箱里。分析句子，由can可知，空处应填动词原形。根据句意，此处表达“切下足够的肉”，所以slice off“从……切下”符合题意。故填slice off。
44．考查介词短语。句意：不管有多少困难，我都会尽力在这次比赛中发挥出最好的水平。分析句子成分可知，此处缺少状语。由all the difficulties可知，介词短语词regardless of“不管”符合题意，且首字母大写。故填Regardless of。
45．考查动词短语。句意：尽管她没有提到任何人的名字，每个人都知道她指的是谁。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，此处表达“指的是”，所以refer to意为“提及”符合题意。根据was可知，描述的是过去正在发生的事，用过去进行时。故填referring to。
46．考查介词短语。句意：我对这个协会的第一印象是在来参观之前，通过互联网形成的。根据句意可知，此处表达“参观之前”，prior to意为“先前的”符合题意。故填prior to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不可数名词、动词短语、及物动词、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作表语、形容词的基本形式、过去完成时
【答案】47．competitive 48．reliable 49．barrier 50．ended up 51．are responsible for 52．submit 53．revealed 54．had figured out 55．has an impact on 56．make up my mind
【详解】47．考查形容词。句意：你需要一个学位才能在当今的就业市场上具有竞争力。系动词后跟形容词作表语，competitive意为“有竞争力的”，学位有利于就业，符合基本认知，故填入competitive。
48．考查形容词。句意：我们需要更可靠的信息才能采取行动。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词information，reliable意为“可靠的”，表示可靠的信息有助于行动，故填入reliable。
49．考查名词。句意：山脉是阻止疾病传播的天然屏障。此处的形容词应修饰名词作介词as的宾语，barrier“屏障、障碍”，此处指的是阻碍疾病的传播的天然屏障，故填入barrier。
50．考查动词的时态。句意：我们想看的电影已经卖光了，所以我们最后看了另一部。根据so可知，本句表示结果，end up doing“最终做了某事”，主句时态为一般过去，从句也应使用一般过去时，故填入ended up。
51．考查系表结构。句意：如果你对某事负有责任，你有责任处理它并做出与之相关的决定。根据duty“责任、义务”关键词可知，此处指的是负责某事，be responsible for“为……负责”；在if条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，故填入are responsible for。
52．考查动词。句意：对该职位感兴趣的学生应向学生会提交申请。情态动词后跟动词原形，submit an application意为“提交申请”，与语义相符，故填入submit。
53．考查动词时态。句意：一项针对英国饮食的调查显示，越来越多的人超重。本句指的是一份调查揭露的信息，reveal意为“揭露”，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，故填入revealed。
54．考查动词时态。句意：我们开了一次非常有成效的会议，因为我觉得我们解决了很多问题。此处指的是会议上解决了问题，figure out意为“查明。解决”；又根据动词felt可知，时间为过去，解决问题在此之前，应使用过去完成式，故填入had figured out。
55．考查动词时态。句意：技术革新对该国经济产生了相当大的影响。此处指的是技术革新对经济的影响，has an impact on意为“对……产生影响”，谈论的是当前的事实，时间为一般现在，主语innovation意为“创新”时为不可数名词，故填入has an impact on。
56．考查动词短语。句意：暑假快到了，但我拿不定主意去哪里度假。根据where可知，此处指的是度假地点还没决定，make up one’s mind意为“决心、决定”，主语为I，且情态动词后跟动词原形，故填入make up my mind。
五、单句
【知识点】固定句式和习语
57．【答案】that
【知识点】其他介词
58．【答案】by
【详解】
考查介词。句意：外科医生抓住扒手的衣领。根据“seized the pickpocket”和“the collar”可知，此处应用介词by表示接触身体的某一部分。故填by。
【知识点】其他介词
59．【答案】to
【知识点】其他介词
60．【答案】to
【知识点】其他介词
61．【答案】to
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、日常活动
62．【答案】Dear Chris,
I’m excited to share that our class won the “Sea Exploration” poster competition organized by the school English newspaper!
Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways to combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology. We used recycled materials and painted vibrant coral reefs alongside futuristic underwater research stations. It was challenging but fun to balance art and science.
This experience taught me the power of teamwork and the urgency of ocean conservation. I’ve grown more curious about humans’ role in protecting marine ecosystems. Let’s discuss your thoughts on this topic sometime!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享你们班在校英文报组织的以“Sea Exploration”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖经历。其内容包括：创作过程和你的感想。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴奋的： excited →thrilled
有创造力的：creative→innovative
有趣的： fun→interesting
活跃的：vibrant→lively
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways to combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology.
拓展句：Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways so that we could combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology.
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元基础综合练习2【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience.
Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 1 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 2 development.
This is very 3 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 4 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year.
He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 5 .
For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 6 .
“People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 7 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 8 technologies.”
The latest 9 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path.
Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade.
He said that 10 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace.
While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 11 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year.
About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 12 in air quality in the world.
In the last decade, the 13 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 14 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago.
China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 15 last year.
1．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected
2．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial
3．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique
4．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing
5．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up
6．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission
7．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally
8．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green
9．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation
10．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than
11．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight
12．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation
13．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion
14．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying
15．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
A
British Tea Culture
Tea was first introduced to Great Britain from China in the 1600s and in the centuries since the British tea culture has been going strong.
British-style Tea
For everyday tea, the British simply boil water and pour the water over a tea bag in a cup. After the tea brews for a few minutes, the tea bag is removed. Fresh milk and sugar are usually added. Biscuits or cake may be eaten with tea.
The British prefer various types of black tea. Brands like Twinings, Tetley, and Lipton are popular in the world tea market.
Formal Tea
For a formal tea, tea sets made of fine bone china or silver are used. The set includes a teapot, cups and saucers, a creamer for holding milk, and a sugar bowl. All are cried on a tray. All the pieces of a proper English tea set have a matching pattern.
Elevenses
“Elevenses” refers to a snack consisting of tea or coffee and a finger food like biscuits or cake. It is taken mid-morning so the name refers to the time of day (11:00 am).
Afternoon Tea
Afternoon tea is a light meal served with tea in the late afternoon. It began among wealthy women in the 1840s, but it soon spread to hotels, tea rooms, and tea gardens across Great Britain. The food served typically includes small sandwiches and sweets. A formal afternoon tea has fancy desserts presented on tiered stands.
16．If you want to enjoy tea with biscuits or cake, you should choose .
A．Formal Tea and Elevenses.
B．Elevenses and Afternoon Tea.
C．British-style Tea and Elevenses.
D．British-style Tea and Formal Tea.
17．When did the Afternoon Tea begin among wealthy women
A．In the 1600s. B．In the 1700s.
C．In the 1840s. D．In the 1940s.
18．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Sports. B．Culture. C．Science. D．Travel.
Four Environmentalists You Should Know
Throughout history, environmentalists have had a great influence not only on natural spaces, but also on our individual lives. Here are four influential ones.
●John Muir (1838~1914)
His lifelong love for hiking began when he hiked to the Gulf of Mexico in 1867. Muir spent much of his adult life wandering in—and fighting to preserve—the wilderness of the West, especially California. His tireless efforts led to the creation of Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park, and millions of other conservation areas.
●Rachel Carson (1907~1964)
Born in rural Pennsylvania, Rachel Carson went on to study biology at Johns Hopkins University. After working for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books. Her most famous work, however, was 1962’s Silent Spring, in which she described the harmful environmental effects of pesticides (杀虫剂). After Carson’s observations were proven correct, pesticides like DDT were banned.
●Wangari Maathai (1940~2011)
Wangari Maathai was from Kenya. After studying biology in the US, she returned to her home country to begin a career in environmental activism. Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, which, by the early 21st century, had already planted some 30 million trees, provided jobs, and secured firewood for rural communities. In 2004, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while continuing to fight for the planet.
●David Brower (1912~2000)
David Brower was associated with wilderness preservation. He became the Sierra Club’s first executive director in 1952, then, over the next 17 years, the club membership grew from 2, 000 to 77, 000. It won many environmental victories under his leadership. After leaving the club, he went on to found other environmental groups like Friends of the Earth, and the Earth Island Institute.
19．Which environmentalist is a writer
A．John Muir. B．Rachel Carson.
C．Wangari Maathai. D．David Brower.
20．What did Wangari Maathai do as an environmentalist
A．She encouraged green farming. B．She funded rural communities.
C．She advocated growing trees. D．She attempted to protect wild animals.
21．What title is the most suitable one for David Brower
A．An environmental activist. B．A great social event planner.
C．A city preservationist. D．An environmental scientist.
Hundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn't have modern machines.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.
Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn't let dirty smoke go into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight against pollution.
22．Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because
A．there were many problems B．there were too many people
C．there were wars now and then D．there were no modern machines.
23．The most serious kind of pollution is
A．noise pollution B．water pollution C．air pollution D．waste things
24．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The air. B．The city. C．The quilt. D．The smog.
25．To fight against the pollution, we must
A．clean water after it is thrown away B．throw waste things in the dustbin
C．let dirty smoke go into the air D．encourage more people to drive to work
Some talk of building settlements on the moon or Mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future. Others have their sights set closer to home: on future cities under the ocean.
“Technologically speaking, it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea,” says Fabien Cousteau, a well-known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world’s only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius. It’s about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface off the Florida Keys.
Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space, aquanauts (海底观察员) try out undersea living with an eye on the future. Escaping from disasters such as climate change, wars, or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea. Others include studying, exploring, or appreciating the ocean. It’s costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must make its own air, electricity, and fresh water. Residents have to deal with high pressure. And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity (湿度).
Despite the challenges, several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction. A series of space station-like undersea living areas for aquanauts called Proteus are scheduled to be completed by 2025 off Curacao, an island in South America. Meanwhile, an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea, using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water. This sounds amazing, but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design.
Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea. This type of development could place even more pressure on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change. It’s important to make sure that any construction is done carefully, says Susanne Menden-Deuer, an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island. Wild undersea habitats should be treated as “the precious, irreplaceable resource that they are,” she says.
26．What do we know about Aquarius
A．It is still under construction.
B．It functions as an undersea school bus.
C．It is the only ocean habitat in operation.
D．It only allows a person to live there for 31 days.
27．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The present and future of living under the sea.
B．The reasons and challenges of living under the sea.
C．The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements.
D．The problems and findings of building undersea settlements.
28．What would be the result of building homes in the ocean according to the text
A．Rapid development of undersea habitats.
B．Protection of irreplaceable ocean resource.
C．Negative impacts on undersea ecosystems.
D．Struggles with pollution and climate change.
29．What does the underlined word “colonize” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Build up. B．Settle in. C．Think up. D．Take in.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth. 30 There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you. Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.
One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. 31 Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.
According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. 32
No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water. Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets(水龙头), dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water. 33
There are many other ways you can help. 34 Take a shower rather than a bath. It’s also important to fix leaky faucets. If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’t have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year.
All of these will help to conserve water. Leaning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available. So, make a fuss and conserve water. It’s worth it!
A．Using water wisely is important.
B．Water is an important natural resource.
C．Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth.
D．Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams.
E．This leaves one percent of the water on Earth available for us to use.
F．Installing these items in your home is the first line of defense against wasting water.
G．Wherever we live, we must be careful with the polluted water we have in our part of the world.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
35．He said,“Don’t be so impolite,boys.”
→He (told/said) the boys not to be so impolite.
36．He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He (ordered/asked)me to go there again the next day.
选择填空：responsible/responsibility
37．I shall make it my business to find out who is .
38．Don’t worry. If anything goes wrong, I’ll take for it.
选词填空：affect/effect
39．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may your credit (信誉).
40．The crisis had a negative on trade.
根据句意选取下列单词的适当形式填空
restrict inspect consult absorb recognize influence enthusiastic candidate respective sympathy commitment enterprise
41．填空题
The education I have received is in forming my character.
42．填空题
The local villager told the travelers about the customs of the ceremony.
43．填空题
As a scientist he has achieved nationwide and respect.
44．填空题
Judy didn’t notice the teacher come in the room, in her book.
45．填空题
Press secretary Robert Gibbs once worked as a private advising President Obama.
46．填空题
Children in both double income and male breadwinner households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours .
47．填空题
All parents support the regulations allowing kids under 18 access to the internet.
48．填空题
Engineers carried out a thorough of the track before it was put into service.
49．填空题
After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the and survive the test alone.
50．填空题
I don’t feel towards the murderer who claims to be affected by his poor childhood.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
51．The people on the island were starved fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year. （用适当的词填空）
52．You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If ,I’ll show you around the Summer Palace.
53． will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd. (用适当的词填空)
54．Mike seems (aware)of the trouble he’s causing; otherwise he would stop it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55．There is some doubt he will be elected.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
56．由于近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动。假定你是李华，受学生会委托，为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
内容包括：1、倡议的原因和目的；
2、倡议的具体内容；
3、发出倡议。
注意： 1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、新闻、环境保护
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是通过治理环境污染，分享经验，中国成为世界清洁技术的领导者。
【解析】1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. confused困惑的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. obsessed（对……）着迷的；D. connected连接的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 1 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，Erik Solheim对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可使用的；C. sustainable可持续发展的；D. substantial实质性的。根据下文“China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year”和第9空后的“the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path”可知，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。A. evident明显的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. invisible看不见的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 2 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Solheim的最新推文包括：中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。A. donating捐赠；B. contributing贡献；C. manufacturing制造；D. distributing分发。根据下文“a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。A. fall behind落后；B. put forward提出；C. look up查询；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“it’s time for the rest of the world to”可知，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾任挪威环境部长和国际发展部部长的Solheim认为，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。A. pollution污染；B. environment环境；C. ecology生态；D. emission排放。根据下文“fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade”可知，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去10年，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少，这表明中国的行动速度有多快。A. probably可能地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. incredibly令人难以置信地；D. traditionally传统上。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。A. biological生物的；B. advanced先进的；C. far-reaching影响深远的；D. green绿色的。根据上文“renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting”可知，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察，即中国正在迅速转向一条更可持续的道路。A. study学习；B. figures数字；C. technologies技术；D. innovation创新。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察。故选B。
10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他说，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. despite尽管；C. regardless of不管；D. other than除了。根据下文“painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace”可知，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然糟糕的空气质量曾是公众经常抱怨的一个来源，但从2015年到去年，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. concentration浓度；D. weight重量。根据下文“of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。A. obstacle障碍；B. improvement提高；C. contribution贡献；D. cultivation培养。根据上文“About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015”可知，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近10年来，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，已接近发达国家水平。A. quality质量；B. flavor味道；C. deposit存款；D. proportion比例。根据下文“rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent”可知，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，空格处意为“比例”。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碳强度，即单位国内生产总值的碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%，而十年前为68.5%。A. accounting占（一定数量或比例）；B. making制作；C. looking看；D. applying申请。根据下文“for 56 percent of total energy consumption”可知，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%。故选A。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国已经立法或修订了大约30部法律法规，其中一些专注于水资源保护，包括2017年修改的《水污染防治法》和去年生效的《长江保护法》。A. took effect生效；B. took place发生；C. took to喜欢；D. took in吸收。根据上文“Yangtze River Protection Law”可知，《长江保护法》在去年生效。故选A。
二、阅读单选
【答案】
16．C
17．C
18．B
【详解】本文是应用文。介绍了英国茶文化。
16．细节理解题。根据小标题British-style Tea下的段落中“Biscuits or cake may be eaten with tea.(饼干或蛋糕可以和茶一起吃)”以及小标题Elevenses下的段落中““Elevenses” refers to a snack consisting of tea or coffee and a finger food like biscuits or cake.(“Elevenses”指的是由茶或咖啡和饼干或蛋糕等便于取食的食物组成的零食)”可知，如果你想喝茶、吃饼干或蛋糕，你应该选择British-style Tea和Elevenses。故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据小标题Afternoon Tea下的段落中“It began among wealthy women in the 1840s, but it soon spread to hotels, tea rooms, and tea gardens across Great Britain.(它始于19世纪40年代的富有女性，但很快就蔓延到英国各地的酒店、茶室和茶园)”可知，下午茶是从19世纪40年代开始在富有的女性中流行起来的。故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tea was first introduced to Great Britain from China in the 1600s and in the centuries since the British tea culture has been going strong.(17世纪，茶第一次从中国传入英国，几个世纪以来，英国的茶文化一直很强大。)”可知，本文讲述的是英国茶文化，所以应该在报纸的文化版块出现。故选B项。
【知识点】应用文、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态
【答案】
19．B；
20．C；
21．A
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位为人类的环境改善做出贡献的环保人士，他们不仅影响了自然空间，也对我们的生活产生了影响。
19．
细节理解题。根据Rachel Carson (1907~1964)部分中的“After working for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books.”(在为美国鱼类和野生动物管理局工作之后，Carson出版了《我们周围的大海》和其他书籍。)可知，Rachel Carson不仅是环境学家，还是一位作家，故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据Wangari Maathai (1940~2011)中的“After studying biology in the US, she returned to her home country to begin a career in environmental activism. Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, which, by the early 21th century, had already planted some 30 million trees, provided jobs, and secured firewood for rural communities.”(在美国学习生物学之后，她回到祖国，开始了环保主义的职业生涯。Maathai建立了这个绿带运动，到21世纪早期，这个活动已经种植了3000万棵树，提供了就业机会，并为农村社区保障了柴火。)可知，Wangari Maathai作为环境学家，她倡导种植树。故选C。
21．
细节理解题。根据David Brower (1912~2000)中的“David Brower was associated with wilderness preservation. He became the Sierra Club's first executive director in 1952, then, over the next 17 years, the club membership grew from 2, 000 to 77, 000. It won many environmental victories under his leadership. After leaving the club, he went on to found other environmental groups like Friends of the Earth, and the Earth Island Institute.”(David Brower与荒野保护有关。1952年他成为了Sierra俱乐部的首任执行董事，然后，在接下来的17年里，俱乐部成员从2000人增加到了77000人。在他的领导下，俱乐部赢得了许多环境保护的胜利。离开俱乐部后，他继续创办了其他环保组织，比如地球之友，以及地球岛研究所。) 可知，David Brower为了环境保护不懈地努力着，因此最适合David Brower的称号是环保活动家。故选A。
【知识点】环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
22．D
23．C
24．A
25．B
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在人们当今的生活中污染是最严重的问题，以及为了减少污染，我们该如何做。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines.(几百年前，生活比现在更艰难。人们没有现代化的机器。)”可知，几百年前，生活比现在更艰难，是因为人们没有现代化的机器。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.(空气污染是世界上对所有生物最严重的一种污染。)”可知，最严重的污染是空气污染，故选C。
24．词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子“Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. (有时被污染的空气是如此浓厚，它就像一个城市上方的被子。)”可推知，it代指上句提到的被污染的空气，故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground.(我们可以把垃圾放在垃圾桶里，不要把它们扔在地上。)”可知，为了对抗污染，我们必须把垃圾扔进垃圾箱，故选B。
【知识点】主旨大意、环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
26．C
27．B
28．C
29．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍未来海底城市的展望以及建立海底城市存在的问题。
【详解】
26． 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fabien Cousteau, a well-known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world’s only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius.”（著名的海洋探险家 Fabien Cousteau 曾经在现在世界上唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地——Aquarius内生活了 31 天。）可知，Fabien Cousteau 曾在唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地——Aquarius内生活了 31 天，由此可知，Aquarius 是现在唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地。故选 C 。
27．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Escaping from disasters such as climate change, wars, or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea. Others include studying, exploring, or appreciating the ocean. It’s costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air, electricity, and fresh water.”(逃避气候变化、战争或流行病等灾难是人们生活在海底的原因之一。其他包括学习、探索或欣赏海洋。持续维持海洋栖息地是昂贵的，它必须自己泵入或制造空气、电力和淡水。居民们必须应对高压。)可知，人们之所以生活在海底是为了逃避气候变化、战争或流行病等灾难，而且维持海洋栖息地是非常昂贵的，由此可知，第三段讲述了人们生活在海底的原因以及所面临的挑战。故选 B 。
28．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea. This type of development could place even more pressure on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.”(并不是每个人都同意在海洋里建房子是个好主意。这种发展可能会给已经在与污染和气候变化作斗争的生态系统带来更大的压力。)可知，并非所有人都赞成在海洋里建房子，因为在海底建房子会使得与污染和气候变化作斗争的生态系统带来更大的压力，由此可知，在海底建房子会对海底的生态系统造成负面的影响。故选 C 。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段“a well-known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world’s only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius.”（一位著名的海洋探险家，曾经在现在世界上唯一正常运作的海底栖息地——Aquarius内生活了31天。）可知，在海底定居生活是绝对有可能的，结合划线词所在句“it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea,”（在海底colonize是完全有可能的。）可知，colonize表示“定居”。故选B。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】环境保护、申请、请求和建议、说明文
【答案】30．E 31．D 32．A 33．F 34．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了影响我们可用水的因素以及几种节约用水的方法和建议。
【解析】30．根据上文的“All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth.(所有生物都需要干净、新鲜的水才能生存。地球上97%的水都在海洋中。海水中的盐分使它不能饮用。另外2%被冻结在地球上的冰帽和冰川中。)”和下文的“There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you. Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.(有很多因素会影响你能得到的水。你居住的地方，降雨量，以及水的收集和储存方式都会影响到凉爽、清澈的水的数量。)”可知，E项(这使得地球上只有1%的水可供我们使用。)承接上文，说明了人类可以使用的水并不多，下文指出在这1%的水中还有许多因素影响人们可用的水。故选E项。
31．根据上文的“One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground.(我们不能改变的一个因素是下雨的地点。一个地区的降雨量影响着可用水量。一些大城市位于可以从地下取水的地区。)”和下文的“Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.(那些没有可用水的地方必须从很远的地方用管道输水。)”可知，D项(其他地区使用来自湖泊、河流或溪流的地表水。)与上下文连接通顺，指出了不同地区获得用水的来源。故选D项。
32．根据上文的“According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. (根据加利福尼亚州的一项研究，平均每人每天使用超过100加仑的水。水用于饮用、淋浴或洗澡、刷牙、洗手、洗碗、洗衣服和冲厕所。)”可知，该州的人均用水量是比较大的，因此A项(合理地用水是很重要的。)承接上文，说明了，合理用水的必要性。故选A项。
33．根据上文的“No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water. Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets, dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water. (无论你住在哪里，都有很多方法可以帮助节约用水。今天，我们有许多有用的工具来帮助我们节约用水。有低流量的淋浴喷头和水龙头，洗碗机和洗衣机的用水量最多可减少50%。)”可知，F项(在家里安装这些设备是防止浪费水的第一道防线。)承接上文，强调安装上文提到的节约用水设备的必要性。故选F项。
34．根据上文的“There are many other ways you can help. (还有很多其他的方法你可以帮助节约用水。)”和下文的“Take a shower rather than a bath. It’s also important to fix leaky faucets. If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’t have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year.(用淋浴代替泡澡。修理漏水的水龙头也很重要。如果你找到了，告诉你的父母。让冷水随时可用的一个好方法是在冰箱里放一个水罐。这样你就不用等水管里的水给你带来更冷的水喝了。洗衣机和洗碗机满了的时候再开动。这样每年可以节省数百加仑的水。 )”可知，C项(刷牙的时候不要让水开着。)承接上文，举例说明了一种节约用水的方法，下文继续举例说明节约用水的方法。故选C项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
35．【答案】told
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
36．【答案】asked
【知识点】名词作宾语、形容词作表语
【答案】
37．responsible
38．responsibility
【详解】
37．考查形容词。句意：我要找出谁该对此负责。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用形容词responsible“负责的”，作表语。故填responsible。
38．考查名词。句意：别担心。如果有什么差错，我就对它负责。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用名词responsibility，作宾语。take responsibility for sth意为“对某事负责”。故填responsibility。
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、表推测
【答案】
39．affect
40．effect
【详解】
39．考查动词。句意：准时缴交电费是很重要的，因为迟交电费可能会影响你的信用。设空前情态动词may，所以设空处要用动词原形。affect“影响”为及物动词，故填affect。
40．考查名词。句意：这场危机对贸易产生了负面影响。短语have a negative effect on sth.意为“对……有负面/消极影响”，故填effect。
【知识点】副词作状语、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作状语、形容词作表语
【答案】
41．influential；
42．enthusiastically；
43．recognition；
44．absorbed；
45．consultant；
46．respectively；
47．restrictive；
48．inspection；
49．candidates；
50．sympathetic
【分析】
41．
考查形容词。句意：我所受的教育对我的性格形成有影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词。influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”符合句意。故填influential。
42．
考查副词。句意：当地村民热情地向游客们介绍了仪式的习俗。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰动词。enthusiastic的副词是enthusiastically，意为“热情地”符合句意。故填enthusiastically。
43．
考查名词。句意：作为一名科学家，他获得了全国的认可和尊重。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。recognize的名词是recognition，意为“认可”符合句意。故填recognition。
44．
考查形容词。句意：朱迪没有注意到老师走进教室，全神贯注在她的书中。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作伴随状语。absorb的形容词是absorbed，意为“全神贯注的，入迷的”符合句意。故填absorbed。
45．
考查名词。句意：新闻秘书罗伯特·吉布斯（RobertGibbs）曾担任私人顾问，为奥巴马总统提供咨询。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。consult的名词是consultant，意为“顾问”符合句意。故填consultant。
46．
考查副词。句意：双收入家庭和男性养家糊口家庭的孩子与父母互动的时间相当，分别为19小时和22小时。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。respectively意为“分别，各自”符合句意。故填respectively。
47．
考查形容词。句意：所有家长都支持允许18岁以下儿童限制上网的规定。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词修饰access。restrict的形容词是restrictive，意为“限制的”符合句意。故填restrictive。
48．
考查名词。句意：在投入使用之前，工程师们对这条轨道进行了彻底的检查。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。inspect的名词inspection，意为“检查，视察”符合句意。故填inspection。
49．
考查名词的数。句意：在无数次面试和演讲之后，我在候选人中脱颖而出，独自通过了考试。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词复数作宾语。candidates意为“候选人”符合句意。故填candidates。
50．
考查形容词。句意：我对那个声称受其贫穷童年影响的杀人犯没有同情心。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。sympathy的形容词是sympathetic，意为“同情的”符合句意。故填sympathetic。
五、单句
【知识点】其他介词
51．【答案】of
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：岛上的人急需淡水，因为将近半年没下雨了。根据句意，句中be starved of意为“急需某物”，of符合句意。故填of。
【知识点】固定句式和习语
52．【答案】so
【知识点】it作形式主语
53．【答案】It
【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：在人群中找到他会花你很多的时间。结合句意此处为It takes sb. some time to do sth.的结构，其中It在句中作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
【知识点】形容词作表语
54．【答案】unaware
【详解】考查形容词。句意：迈克似乎没有意识到他造成的麻烦；否则他会阻止它。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。aware表示“意识到的；知道的”，根据otherwise he would stop it可知，此处指“迈克没有意识到他造成的麻烦”，故填aware的反义词。故填unaware。
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
55．【答案】whether
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护
56．【答案】
Dear fellow students,
As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. Therefore, it’s high time we took immediate action to change the situation.
First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. What’s more, we should voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclable in our daily life. Also, when finding phenomenon of waste, we should stop it in time.
In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动，要求考生为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
【详解】1、词汇积累
问题：problem→issue
立即的：immediate→instant
此外：what’s more→in addition
应该：should→be supposed to
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
拓展句：First of all, it is necessary that we should raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. (运用了as，which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元基础综合练习3【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience.
Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 1 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 2 development.
This is very 3 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 4 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year.
He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 5 .
For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 6 .
“People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 7 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 8 technologies.”
The latest 9 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path.
Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade.
He said that 10 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace.
While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 11 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year.
About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 12 in air quality in the world.
In the last decade, the 13 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 14 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago.
China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 15 last year.
1．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected
2．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial
3．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique
4．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing
5．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up
6．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission
7．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally
8．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green
9．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation
10．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than
11．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight
12．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation
13．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion
14．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying
15．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
B
Daniel Brush，an astonishing worker in gold，jewels and steel died on November 2022，aged 75.Students from a jewellery school once came to Brush’s studio，a loft in mid-Manhattan，awed to be meeting a figure who，to them，was a worker of miracles.
For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.His wife Olivia was the only company.He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts，most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small.Rather than use electricity，he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own，displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.
Above all else，he worked in gold.His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum.The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder(焊接)，was stunning，but so was the lightness of spirit.
He resolved then that he would make such a bowl，and gold became the study of his life.Simply to watch it melt，turn to red-hot and white-hot，then glow purple，was magical.To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit.His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day.Gold in particular had a message for him.His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.
He developed delicate craftsmanship，with each object virtually a museum piece.For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket，let its beauty pass from mind to mind，and smile.That too was what its maker was after.
16．What can we learn about Daniel Brush
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began to live in his loft in 1975.
C．He tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.
D．Most objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.
17．What is the main reason for his lifelong study of gold
A．He wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.
B．He wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.
D．Gold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.
18．Which of the following can best describe Daniel Brush
A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy.
C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.
19．What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph
A．Brush’s valuable works.
B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire for fame.
D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
20． What can we learn about the worms in the study
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They are newly evolved creatures.
C．They can consume plastics.
D．They wind up in landfills.
21． According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _______.
A．identify other means of the breakdown
B．find out the source of the enzyme
C．confirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdown speed
22． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
23． What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at 250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend 10bn — doubling current levels of investment — on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
24．What does the poll show
A．Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year.
B．Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches.
C．Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted.
D．Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23.
25．What suggestion does the Department for Environment make to the government
A．Reducing bonuses of water company managers.
B．Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies.
C．Fining rule-breaking water companies at least 250,000.
D．Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits.
26．What does the underlined part “off the hook” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Develop slowly. B．Improve too fast.
C．Free of responsibility. D．Attract public attention.
27．In which section of the website can you probably read the text
A．Environment. B．Lifestyle. C．Fitness. D．Business.
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
28．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
29．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
30．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 32 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 33 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 34 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
35 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 36 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
assign; attach; echo; devote; filter; recognize
37．With a smart home, almost all your electrical devices can to a power wall in each room.
38．A robot housekeeper, whose metallic voice around day and night, has taken over everything in a 2050 house.
39． his life to the work he chose to do, Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.
40． to solve the DNA puzzle, Rosalind worked alone and made one breakthrough after another.
41．Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when the difference between colors.
42．Individuals who speak two languages found it much easier out the distracting words.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
43．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
44．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
45．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
46．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
47．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
48．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
49．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
50． he will come back home is still a question.
51．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
set... apart from, reward... with, stick to, bring... to life, be composed of, arise from, proceed to, apply…to
52．As we know, older people have the higher risk of death or serious injury a fall by accident.
53．Unless real experiences properly, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.
54．The rescue team, 100 medical staff and 120 policemen, came to the flood-stricken area overnight.
55．It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but it requires a strategy and willpower.
56． other competitors by his novel design approaches, the young man won the first prize in the competition.
57．The students have been working hard on their lessons and they are convinced that their efforts success in the end.
58．With ancient civilizations by many vivid pictures, that newly published book on history is well received by readers.
59．Patrick paused to refer to his notes before his later demonstration about the tension between Russia and Ukraine.
60．Tree roots have a tendency to______________________ buildings.
2．Heavy use of cellphones tends to_______________distraction during work or study.
3．The scientist_________________global warming at least three times in his presentation.
4．This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature___________________ Earth’s ecology.
5．Mr Smith，________________ his students，is working on the project day and night to finish the task ahead of time.
Complete the sentences with proper forms of the following words.
thrill, contrary, contemporary, subscribe, resign, commitment, motivate, promote, integrity, qualification, concern, inquire, facilitate, respective, release
61．She burst into tears, all her pent-up emotions.
62．To hear the full interview, to the free National Geographic News podcast.
63．His greatest quality is the way he his team.
64． to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
65．Too many school-leavers lack basic in English and Maths.
66．It gave me a big to meet my favourite author in person.
67．Structured teaching serves as a catalyst (催化剂) that effectively the process of learning.
68．Making a to regular exercise is the first step towards a healthier lifestyle.
69．The customer service representative patiently answered all the questions I
70．The manager was so disappointed with the unfair treatment that he immediately
71．He is among the best-known artists.
72．The area is being as a tourist destination.
73．The students in the group discussed their ideas for the assignment.
74．The report raises serious over safety at the plant.
75．Despite facing numerous temptations, she maintained her and refused to engage in unethical behavior.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
76．You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If ,I’ll show you around the Summer Palace.
77．The old man said that he starved (visit)the place where he worked when he was young again.
78．This can lead the kinds of errors no human would make.(2023·浙江1月卷)
79．Cookery shows and documentaries about food are (播放)more often than before.(2023·全国乙卷)
80．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself (remind) of his own dreams. (所给词的适当形式填空）
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
81．由于近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动。假定你是李华，受学生会委托，为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
内容包括：1、倡议的原因和目的；
2、倡议的具体内容；
3、发出倡议。
注意： 1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、新闻、环境保护
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是通过治理环境污染，分享经验，中国成为世界清洁技术的领导者。
【解析】1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. confused困惑的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. obsessed（对……）着迷的；D. connected连接的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 1 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，Erik Solheim对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可使用的；C. sustainable可持续发展的；D. substantial实质性的。根据下文“China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year”和第9空后的“the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path”可知，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。A. evident明显的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. invisible看不见的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 2 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Solheim的最新推文包括：中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。A. donating捐赠；B. contributing贡献；C. manufacturing制造；D. distributing分发。根据下文“a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。A. fall behind落后；B. put forward提出；C. look up查询；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“it’s time for the rest of the world to”可知，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾任挪威环境部长和国际发展部部长的Solheim认为，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。A. pollution污染；B. environment环境；C. ecology生态；D. emission排放。根据下文“fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade”可知，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去10年，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少，这表明中国的行动速度有多快。A. probably可能地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. incredibly令人难以置信地；D. traditionally传统上。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。A. biological生物的；B. advanced先进的；C. far-reaching影响深远的；D. green绿色的。根据上文“renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting”可知，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察，即中国正在迅速转向一条更可持续的道路。A. study学习；B. figures数字；C. technologies技术；D. innovation创新。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察。故选B。
10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他说，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. despite尽管；C. regardless of不管；D. other than除了。根据下文“painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace”可知，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然糟糕的空气质量曾是公众经常抱怨的一个来源，但从2015年到去年，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. concentration浓度；D. weight重量。根据下文“of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。A. obstacle障碍；B. improvement提高；C. contribution贡献；D. cultivation培养。根据上文“About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015”可知，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近10年来，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，已接近发达国家水平。A. quality质量；B. flavor味道；C. deposit存款；D. proportion比例。根据下文“rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent”可知，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，空格处意为“比例”。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碳强度，即单位国内生产总值的碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%，而十年前为68.5%。A. accounting占（一定数量或比例）；B. making制作；C. looking看；D. applying申请。根据下文“for 56 percent of total energy consumption”可知，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%。故选A。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国已经立法或修订了大约30部法律法规，其中一些专注于水资源保护，包括2017年修改的《水污染防治法》和去年生效的《长江保护法》。A. took effect生效；B. took place发生；C. took to喜欢；D. took in吸收。根据上文“Yangtze River Protection Law”可知，《长江保护法》在去年生效。故选A。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】推理判断、细节理解、艺术、记叙文
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．C 19．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，他使用古老的工艺来制作物品，一生追求艺术理想。
【解析】16．推理判断题。根据第二段末句和第三段末句可知，Daniel Brush不喜欢用电动机器，痴迷传统技巧，即他倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.”可知，他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.”以及后文描述的他对黄金的研究和投入可知，Daniel Brush非常投入和专注。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea...what its maker was after.”可知，作者在最后一段中想要强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想。故选D。
【知识点】情节发展、环境保护、目的意图、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
20． C
21． B
22． D
23． C
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
【详解】
20． 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.”可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。
21． 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物) ”可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
22． 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
23． 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句“So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.”可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
【点睛】
根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点），常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。本题的最后一题为写作意图题。文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推着写作意图是告知、告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测
【答案】
24．B
25．D
26．C
27．A
【详解】
24．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. (超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. (英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止发放水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。
26．词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的“ ‘Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,’ Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. (英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“The government needs to stop letting water companies… (政府需要停止让水务公司……)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。“develop slowly”意为“缓慢发展”；“improve too fast”意为“发展太快”；“free of responsibility”意为“不负责任”；“attract public attention”意为“吸引公众注意”。可知，因为不想负责任，所以做这些事时毫无歉意。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution. (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中关于“环境”的部分。A．Environment 环境；B．Lifestyle 生活方式；C．Fitness 健康；D．Business 商业。故选A项。
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
32．G
33．D
34．B
35．E
36．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
32．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
33．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
34．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
35．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
36．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】一般现在时、动词不定式作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、现在分词作状语、现在分词表主动意义、语法一致、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
37．be attached
38．echoes
39．Devoting
40．Assigned
41．recognizing
42．to filter
【详解】
37．考查动词和语态。句意：有了智能家居，几乎所有的电气设备都可以连接到每个房间的电源墙上。根据“to a power wall in each room.”可知，此处是指电气设备能够连接到房间的电源墙上，动词attach符合题意，和主语electrical devices是被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，应用be attached构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be attached。
38．考查动词和时态。句意：一个机器人管家，其金属般的声音日夜回荡，接管了2050年的房子里的一切。根据“metallic voice”可知，此处是指声音回荡，动词echo符合题意，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是voice，故填echoes。
39．考查现在分词。句意：钟把自己的一生都奉献给了自己选择的事业，花了大量的时间和精力为中国国家种子银行收集种子。根据“Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.”可知，他把自己的一生都奉献给了自己的事业，动词devote符合题意，句中已有谓语动词spent且无连词，故应用非谓语动词作状语，devote和逻辑主语Zhong之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Devoting。
40．考查过去分词。句意：罗莎琳德被指派解决DNA难题，她独自工作，取得了一个又一个突破。根据句意表示“指派”用动词assign，它和逻辑主语Rosalind之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Assigned。
41．考查现在分词。句意：受他们所说语言的影响，俄罗斯人在识别颜色差异时速度更快。根据“the difference between colors”可知，此处指识别颜色的差异，动词recognize符合题意，此处用非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，recognize和逻辑主语Russian people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recognizing。
42．考查动词不定式。句意：说两种语言的人发现过滤掉令人分心的单词要容易得多。根据“distracting words”可知，此处指过滤掉令人分心的单词，动词filter符合题意，it是形式宾语，此处应用其不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to filter。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
43．that
44．why
45．which
46．whatever
47．where
48．what
49．whoever
50．When
51．how
【详解】
43．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
44．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
45．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
46．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
47．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
48．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
49．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
50．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
51．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、动词短语、现在分词表主动意义、省略句、过去分词作状语
【答案】
52．arising from
53．applied to
54．composed of
55．sticking to
56．Set apart from
57．will be rewarded with
58．brought to life
59．proceeding to
【详解】
52．考查短语和非谓语。句意：我们知道，老年人因意外跌倒而死亡或严重受伤的风险较高。结合句意可知，空处需要“由……而起”，短语：arise from“由……引起；起因于”，分析可知，名词injury与动词arise为主谓关系，句中已有谓语have，所以此处用非谓语arising，故填arising from。
53．考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非适当地应用于实际经验，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终也是无用的。分析可知，逗号前为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Unless it was applied to real experiences properly，it指代句子主语book knowledge，从句中使用了was，从句的主语和主句主语一致同时用到了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了it was，故填applied to。
54．考查过去分词。句意：100名医务人员和120名警察组成的救援队连夜赶到灾区。短语：be composed of“由……组成”，句中已有谓语came，所以此处使用非谓语，过去分词，故填composed of。
55．考查动名词作主语。句意：在假期里坚持定期跑步很容易，但是坚持跑步需要策略和意志力。分析可知，空处在句中作but后句子的主语，根据句意，空处的含义为“坚持”，短语：stick to“坚持”，这里表示习惯，所以用动名词作主语，故填sticking to。
56．考查短语和过去分词。句意：这个年轻人凭借其独特的设计方法与其他竞争对手区别开来，在比赛中获得了一等奖。短语：set apart from“把……与……区分开来”，分析可知，空处在句中为状语，句子主语the young man与动词set为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Set apart from。
57．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。由句意可知，空处的内容为“回报”，短语：reward...with...“用……回报”。结合句中“success in the end”可知，最终会成功，因此空处的动作表示“将会发生”，所以时态用一般将来时；努力会得到回报，因而effort与动词reward为被动关系，所以用被动语态。因而空处填will be rewarded with，故填will be rewarded with。
58．考查短语和过去分词。句意：那本新出版的历史书以其生动的图片展现了古老的文明，深受读者的喜爱。短语：bring...to life“使苏醒”，根据空后“by many vivid pictures”可知，此处用过去分词短语作补语，故填brought to life。
59．考查短语和动名词。句意：帕特里克停下来参考了他的笔记，然后继续他后来关于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间紧张关系的示威。根据句意，空处的内容为“继续”，短语：proceed to“继续”，before此处为介词，所以空处用动名词，故填proceeding to。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词短语
60．【答案】
1．cause damage to
2．result in
3．referred to
4．had an impact on
5．along with
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作状语、现在分词作状语、祈使句的肯定形式、语法一致、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
61．releasing 62．subscribe 63．motivates 64．Contrary 65．qualifications 66．thrill 67．facilitates 68．commitment 69．inquired 70．resigned 71．contemporary 72．promoted 73．respective 74．concerns 75．integrity
【解析】61．考查动词。句意：她突然大哭起来，释放出了所有压抑已久的情绪。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词；根据主句“She burst into tears”可推测，空处指的是“释放”情绪。单词“release”，意为“释放”，符合句意；指的是主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填releasing。
62．考查动词。句意：要收听完整的采访内容，请订阅免费的《国家地理新闻》播客。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形，为祈使句型；根据上文“To hear the full interview”以及空后“the free National Geographic News podcast”可知，空处意为“订阅”。单词“subscribe”，构成短语“subscribe to”，意为“订阅”，符合句意。故填subscribe。
63．考查动词。句意：他最可贵的品质在于他激励团队的方式。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句的谓语动词；根据主语“His greatest quality”可推测，空处指的是“激励”。单词“motivate”，意为“激励”，符合句意。根据主句时态可知，从句为一般现在时；主语为“he”，和动词“motivate”之间为主动关系。故填motivates。
64．考查形容词。句意：与普遍的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式担当状语；根据句意可知，空处意为“与……相反”；单词“contrary”符合，构成短语“contrary to”，意为“与……相反”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Contrary。
65．考查名词。句意：太多的中学毕业生缺乏英语和数学方面的基本资质。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后的“in English and Maths”可推测，空处意为“资格”，名词的复数形式。单词“qualification”，意为“资格”，符合句意。故填qualifications。
66．考查名词。句意：能亲自见到我最喜欢的作家让我激动不已。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词的单数形式；根据空后“meet my favourite author in person”可推测，能亲眼看到自己最喜欢的作家让人激动。单词“thrill”，名词，意为“激动”，符合句意。故填thrill。
67．考查动词。句意：结构化教学就像一种催化剂，能有效地促进学习过程。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句的谓语动词；根据句意可知，结构化教学能促进学习过程，因此，空处意为“促进”；单词“facilitate”，意为“促进”，符合句意；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“that”，即“a catalyst”，单数，和动词“facilitate”之间为主动关系。故填facilitates。
68．考查名词。句意：承诺定期进行锻炼是迈向更健康生活方式的第一步。根据空后“the first step towards a healthier lifestyle”可知，空处意为“承诺做某事”；单词“commitment”，构成短语“make a commitment to”，意为“承诺做某事”，符合句意。故填commitment。
69．考查动词。句意：客服代表耐心地回答了我询问的所有问题。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句谓语动词；根据上文“The customer service representative patiently answered all the questions”可推测，空处意为“询问”；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；单词“inquire”，意为“询问”，符合句意；主语为“I”，和动词“inquire”之间为主动关系。故填inquired。
70．考查动词。句意：经理对这种不公平的待遇非常失望，于是他立刻辞职了。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句谓语动词；根据上文“The manager was so disappointed with the unfair treatment”可推测，由于对不公平的待遇感到失望，所以经理辞职了。单词“resign”，意为“辞职”，符合句意；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“he”，和动词“resign”之间为主动关系。故填resigned。
71．考查形容词。句意：他是当代最知名的艺术家之一。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰空后的名词；根据句意可知，空处意为“当代的”；单词“contemporary”，意为“当代的”，符合句意。故填contemporary。
72．考查动词。句意：这个地区正在被宣传为一个旅游目的地。分析句子成分可知，空处考查谓语动词；根据空后“a tourist destination”可推测，空处意为“宣传”；单词“promote”，意为“提升、宣传”，符合句意；根据空前的“being”以及和主语之间的被动关系，可知空处为过去分词形式。故填promoted。
73．考查形容词。句意：小组里的学生们讨论了各自对于这项作业的想法。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰空后的名词；根据主语“The students in the group”可推测，空处意为“各自的”；单词“respective”，形容词，意为“各自的”，符合句意。故填respective。
74．考查名词。句意：这份报告引发了对该工厂安全问题的严重担忧。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后“over safety at the plant”可推测，空处意为“担忧”；单词“concern”，意为“担忧”；根据句意可推测，空处为名词的复数形式。故填concerns。
75．考查名词。句意：尽管面临着众多诱惑，她仍坚守自己的操守，拒绝参与不道德的行为。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“refused to engage in unethical behavior”可知，她坚守了自己的操守，很正直。单词“integrity”，名词，意为“正直”，符合句意。故填integrity。
五、单句
【知识点】固定句式和习语
76．【答案】so
【知识点】动词短语
77．【答案】to visit
【知识点】动词短语
78．【答案】to
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、语法一致
79．【答案】broadcast
【知识点】过去分词作补足语、过去分词表被动意义
80．【答案】reminded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔在床边贴了姚明的照片来随时提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。分析句子可知，空格处应填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，remind与himself之间构成被动的关系，keep oneself reminded of sth.表示“随时提醒自己某事”。故填reminded。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护
81．【答案】
Dear fellow students,
As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. Therefore, it’s high time we took immediate action to change the situation.
First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. What’s more, we should voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclable in our daily life. Also, when finding phenomenon of waste, we should stop it in time.
In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。近期校园里存在一些不环保的行为（如，能源浪费、垃圾不分类处理等），学校决定举办“Building a Greener Campus”活动，要求考生为校宣传栏“英语园地”写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极行动，共同爱护校园环境。
【详解】1、词汇积累
问题：problem→issue
立即的：immediate→instant
此外：what’s more→in addition
应该：should→be supposed to
2、句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
拓展句：First of all, it is necessary that we should raise awareness of energy saving and develop the good habit of garbage sorting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see, our school witnesses some behavior that is not environmentally friendly, which brings a wide range of environmental problems such as energy waste and failing to sort the garbage. (运用了as，which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In a word, if everyone does his bit responsibility in living green, our school will become better and better. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元基础综合练习4【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy(浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world.
By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.”
There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a(n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault(地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers(地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude(震级) and 11 of the quake.
In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 .
1． A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists
2． A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes
3． A．some B．a few C．none D．others
4． A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled
5． A．although B．until C．as D．where
6． A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing
7． A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume
8． A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force
9． A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation
10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket
11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length
12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate
13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider
14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response
15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface The second question is easier to answer: a lot.
Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule(分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions(氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
16． What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2
A．To introduce the topic. B．To give some evidence.
C．To define the phenomenon. D．To reveal the misconception.
17． How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing
A．By lowering the temperature. B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up to form a solid structure. D．By stopping the formation of the structure.
18． What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Concentrations. B．Weights. C．Qualities. D．Salts.
19． What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about
A．Other salts won’t disturb local ecology.
B．Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D．Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
20．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
21．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
22．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
27．What is the best title for the text
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man, The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation arc happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—cither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
28．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project
A．The project receives government support.
B．Different organizations work with each other.
C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
29．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming
A．Storing ice for future use. B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C．Changing the irrigation time. D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
30．What do we learn from the Peru example
A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C．This country is heating up too quickly.
D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
31．According to the author, polluting industries should .
A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops
C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution
32．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming
A．Setting up a new standard. B．Reducing carbon emission.
C．Adapting to climate change. D．Monitoring polluting industries.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 33 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 34 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 35 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
36 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 37 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
38．The teacher said to the boy,“Open the door,please!”
→The teacher (warned/told)the boy to open the door.
assign; attach; echo; devote; filter; recognize
39．With a smart home, almost all your electrical devices can to a power wall in each room.
40．A robot housekeeper, whose metallic voice around day and night, has taken over everything in a 2050 house.
41． his life to the work he chose to do, Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.
42． to solve the DNA puzzle, Rosalind worked alone and made one breakthrough after another.
43．Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when the difference between colors.
44．Individuals who speak two languages found it much easier out the distracting words.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
45．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
46．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
47．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
48．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
49．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
50．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
51．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
52． he will come back home is still a question.
53．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
set... apart from, reward... with, stick to, bring... to life, be composed of, arise from, proceed to, apply…to
54．As we know, older people have the higher risk of death or serious injury a fall by accident.
55．Unless real experiences properly, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.
56．The rescue team, 100 medical staff and 120 policemen, came to the flood-stricken area overnight.
57．It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but it requires a strategy and willpower.
58． other competitors by his novel design approaches, the young man won the first prize in the competition.
59．The students have been working hard on their lessons and they are convinced that their efforts success in the end.
60．With ancient civilizations by many vivid pictures, that newly published book on history is well received by readers.
61．Patrick paused to refer to his notes before his later demonstration about the tension between Russia and Ukraine.
选词填空
on behalf of，dozens of，lead to，take measures，deal with，carry out
62．As it known to us all, success lies in hard work while laziness failure.
63．I, our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely to participate in the fruit-picking activity.
64．There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy .
65． to protect endangered animals is what we must do now.
66．The smart girl is accustomed to all kinds of people in her present occupation.
67．The hurricane blew away farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
68．A road trip around Fraser Island is well worth it with rainforests and a diverse range of birds (guarantee) an unforgettable scene.
69．You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If ,I’ll show you around the Summer Palace.
70．My sister advised me (tidy) my room by myself.
71．The boss asked him (explain) why he was late.
72．Shelly said that she (arrive) two days before.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
73．为响应我市“低碳生活”的号召，学生会向全校学生发出了“告别纸巾，使用手帕”(Using Handkerchiefs Instead of Facial Tissue)的倡议。请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：
①使用纸巾的弊端； ②使用手帕的好处； ③呼吁全体学生一起加入。
注意：1. 词数在80左右；
开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：面巾纸facial tissue 手帕handkerchief/hanky
Dear fellow students,
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】代词辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、科普知识、说明文、连词辨析
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太平洋和印度洋地区的海啸预警系统。
【详解】
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。
3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋。)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个。)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue独白；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文“‘I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,’ says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. ‘Many of them died.’(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】情节发展、段落大意、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】
16． D
17． D
18． A
19． B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。
【详解】
16． 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear.(盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。)”以及第二句“Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.(相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。)”可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。
17． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.(正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。)”可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。
18． 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.(北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。)”可知，氯离子的浓度增加会使当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以画线词的意思是“浓度”。故选A项。
19． 主旨大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是“All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…(所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行......)”可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
20．A
21．C
22．B
23．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．D 27．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。
25．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
27．主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
【知识点】天气气候、推理判断、环境保护、社会、细节理解、议论文
【答案】
28．C
29．A
30．D
31．D
32．B
【详解】这是一篇议论文。对于全球变暖这种旧问题，作者认为应该用新方式去解决，最有效的方法是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放；
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.”（穆罕默德·雷兹万在别人只看到灾难的地方看到了机会。他的非营利组织经营着100艘河船，这些船可以作为漂浮的图书馆、学校和诊所，并配备了太阳能电池板和其他通讯设施。）可推知，雷兹万的项目的特别之处是他的组织能尽可能利用糟糕的情况。故选C项；
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.”（他把浪费的水倒入浅盆里，在那里结冰，并储存到春天。）可推知，冰人储存冰以备将来使用，以此来减少全球变暖的影响。故选A项；
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”（通过将建筑物涂成白色，城市可能会减缓变暖的进程。）以及第六段中“In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.”（在秘鲁，当地农民在一座冰川已经受到气候变化的影响的山上，开始把整个山峰涂成白色，希望增加的反光能恢复赋予生命的冰。）可推知，从秘鲁的例子可以得出阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。故选D项；
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”（当污染行业争辩说，我们已经失去了控制碳污染的战斗，别无选择，只能适应，这是一个无稽之谈，旨在为一切照旧。）可知，作者认为污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。故选D项；
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”（但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放。）可知，全球变暖最好的解决方法时减少碳排放。故选B项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
33．G
34．D
35．B
36．E
37．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
33．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
34．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
35．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
36．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
37．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
38．【答案】told
【知识点】一般现在时、动词不定式作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、现在分词作状语、现在分词表主动意义、语法一致、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
39．be attached
40．echoes
41．Devoting
42．Assigned
43．recognizing
44．to filter
【详解】
39．考查动词和语态。句意：有了智能家居，几乎所有的电气设备都可以连接到每个房间的电源墙上。根据“to a power wall in each room.”可知，此处是指电气设备能够连接到房间的电源墙上，动词attach符合题意，和主语electrical devices是被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，应用be attached构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be attached。
40．考查动词和时态。句意：一个机器人管家，其金属般的声音日夜回荡，接管了2050年的房子里的一切。根据“metallic voice”可知，此处是指声音回荡，动词echo符合题意，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是voice，故填echoes。
41．考查现在分词。句意：钟把自己的一生都奉献给了自己选择的事业，花了大量的时间和精力为中国国家种子银行收集种子。根据“Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.”可知，他把自己的一生都奉献给了自己的事业，动词devote符合题意，句中已有谓语动词spent且无连词，故应用非谓语动词作状语，devote和逻辑主语Zhong之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Devoting。
42．考查过去分词。句意：罗莎琳德被指派解决DNA难题，她独自工作，取得了一个又一个突破。根据句意表示“指派”用动词assign，它和逻辑主语Rosalind之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Assigned。
43．考查现在分词。句意：受他们所说语言的影响，俄罗斯人在识别颜色差异时速度更快。根据“the difference between colors”可知，此处指识别颜色的差异，动词recognize符合题意，此处用非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，recognize和逻辑主语Russian people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recognizing。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：说两种语言的人发现过滤掉令人分心的单词要容易得多。根据“distracting words”可知，此处指过滤掉令人分心的单词，动词filter符合题意，it是形式宾语，此处应用其不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to filter。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
45．that
46．why
47．which
48．whatever
49．where
50．what
51．whoever
52．When
53．how
【详解】
45．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
46．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
47．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
48．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
49．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
51．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
52．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
53．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、动词短语、现在分词表主动意义、省略句、过去分词作状语
【答案】
54．arising from
55．applied to
56．composed of
57．sticking to
58．Set apart from
59．will be rewarded with
60．brought to life
61．proceeding to
【详解】
54．考查短语和非谓语。句意：我们知道，老年人因意外跌倒而死亡或严重受伤的风险较高。结合句意可知，空处需要“由……而起”，短语：arise from“由……引起；起因于”，分析可知，名词injury与动词arise为主谓关系，句中已有谓语have，所以此处用非谓语arising，故填arising from。
55．考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非适当地应用于实际经验，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终也是无用的。分析可知，逗号前为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Unless it was applied to real experiences properly，it指代句子主语book knowledge，从句中使用了was，从句的主语和主句主语一致同时用到了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了it was，故填applied to。
56．考查过去分词。句意：100名医务人员和120名警察组成的救援队连夜赶到灾区。短语：be composed of“由……组成”，句中已有谓语came，所以此处使用非谓语，过去分词，故填composed of。
57．考查动名词作主语。句意：在假期里坚持定期跑步很容易，但是坚持跑步需要策略和意志力。分析可知，空处在句中作but后句子的主语，根据句意，空处的含义为“坚持”，短语：stick to“坚持”，这里表示习惯，所以用动名词作主语，故填sticking to。
58．考查短语和过去分词。句意：这个年轻人凭借其独特的设计方法与其他竞争对手区别开来，在比赛中获得了一等奖。短语：set apart from“把……与……区分开来”，分析可知，空处在句中为状语，句子主语the young man与动词set为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Set apart from。
59．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。由句意可知，空处的内容为“回报”，短语：reward...with...“用……回报”。结合句中“success in the end”可知，最终会成功，因此空处的动作表示“将会发生”，所以时态用一般将来时；努力会得到回报，因而effort与动词reward为被动关系，所以用被动语态。因而空处填will be rewarded with，故填will be rewarded with。
60．考查短语和过去分词。句意：那本新出版的历史书以其生动的图片展现了古老的文明，深受读者的喜爱。短语：bring...to life“使苏醒”，根据空后“by many vivid pictures”可知，此处用过去分词短语作补语，故填brought to life。
61．考查短语和动名词。句意：帕特里克停下来参考了他的笔记，然后继续他后来关于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间紧张关系的示威。根据句意，空处的内容为“继续”，短语：proceed to“继续”，before此处为介词，所以空处用动名词，故填proceeding to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】62．leads to 63．on behalf of 64．was carried out 65．Taking measures 66．dealing with 67．dozens of
【解析】62．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，成功在于勤奋，而懒惰则导致失败。根据success lies in hard work以及while表示对比可知，空处是说懒惰会引发不好的结果，且应使用动词短语作谓语，lead to意为“导致”，符合语境，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语使用第三人称单数形式。故填leads to。
63．考查介词短语。句意：我代表全班同学，热烈而真诚地欢迎你参加摘水果活动。根据句意及空后our class可知，空处表示以班级的名义欢迎对方，on behalf of意为“代表”，符合语境。故填on behalf of。
64．考查动词短语。句意：新政策实施以来，失业率迅速下降。根据句意及空前since the new policy可知，空处应使用动词短语，作从句谓语，carry out意为“实施”，符合语境，since引导的时间状语从句，使用一般过去时，且policy与carry out之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was carried out。
65．考查动词短语。句意：采取措施保护濒危动物是我们现在必须做的事。根据句意及空后to protect endangered animals可知，空处作句子的主语，take measures意为“采取措施”，符合语境，且需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Taking measures。
66．考查动词短语。句意：这个聪明的女孩习惯了在她现在的职业中与各种各样的人打交道。根据句意及空后all kinds of people可知，deal with 意为“与……打交道，处理”，符合语境，be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，故空处应使用动名词形式。故填dealing with。
67．考查固定短语。句意：飓风摧毁了几十个村庄，刮倒了成千上万棵树。根据句意及空前blew away和空后farming villages可知，空处应使用短语dozens of“几十，很多”，作定语，修饰可数名词复数。故填dozens of。
五、单句
【知识点】现在分词作补足语、现在分词表主动意义
68．【答案】guaranteeing　
【详解】围绕弗雷泽岛的公路旅行是非常值得的，那里有热带雨林和各种各样的鸟，保证(让你)记忆深刻。此处应用非谓语动词作with复合结构的宾语补足语，guarantee与复合结构中的宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填guaranteeing。
【知识点】固定句式和习语
69．【答案】so
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
70．【答案】to tidy
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
71．【答案】to explain
【知识点】过去完成时
72．【答案】had arrived
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护、自然生态
73．【答案】Dear fellow students,
Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” . The activity is aimed at raising people’s awareness of low-carbon lifestyle.
As we know, compared to a cotton hanky, it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue . Besides, tissues do create a fair amount of waste. Unlike office paper, once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled. Actually it ends up in landfill. It’s obvious that using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste. So, why not use hankies as a new fashion Come on and join us now. Your little effort will make a big difference.
The Students’ Union
【详解】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封倡议书。
第一步：
审题：倡议书 倡议“告别纸巾，使用手帕”
人称：第三人称
时态：一般现在时
结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分提出倡议，第二部分说明提出倡议“告别纸巾、使用手帕”的原因，第三部分呼吁全体学生一起加入。
要点：
提出倡议：“告别纸巾、使用手帕”，提高人们“低碳生活”的意识
说明提出倡议“告别纸巾、使用手帕”的原因
①使用纸巾的弊端：植树、生产纸巾会消耗生产手帕的三倍的能源；纸巾不能回收利用，造成大量浪费
②使用手帕的好处：消耗更少的资源，造成浪费少
呼吁全体学生一起加入
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语）
launch a campaign；theme；be aimed at；raise people’s awareness of；low-carbon lifestyle；create；recycle；end up；consume；make a big difference
第三步：连词成句
(1)Our school has launched a campaign.
(2) The theme of the campaign is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
(3)The activity is aimed at raising people’s awareness of low-carbon lifestyle.
(4) It takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue.
(5) Tissues create a fair amount of waste.
(6)Once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled.
(7) It ends up in landfill.
(8) Using hankies consumes less resource.
(9) Using hankies causes less waste.
(10)Why not use hankies as a new fashion
(11)Your little effort will make a big difference.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词、亮点词汇)
用whose引导的定语从句连接下面两个句子
(1)Our school has launched a campaign.
(2) The theme of the campaign is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
→Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
强调强调下面句子的谓语，以加强语气
(5) Tissues create a fair amount of waste.
→Tissues do create a fair amount of waste.
将第二个句子用现在分词作结果状语，连接下面两个句子
(8) Using hankies consumes less resource.
(9) Using hankies causes less waste.
→Using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste.
适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。
【点睛】
范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如 launch a campaign；be aimed at；raise people’s awareness of；low-carbon lifestyle；create；recycle；end up；consume；make a big difference 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如定语从句的运用Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” ；句型“It takes … to do …”的运用it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue；条件状语从句的运用 once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled；现在分词作结果状语的运用 It’s obvious that using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste等。
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元基础综合练习5【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy(浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world.
By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.”
There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a(n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault(地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers(地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude(震级) and 11 of the quake.
In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 .
1． A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists
2． A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes
3． A．some B．a few C．none D．others
4． A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled
5． A．although B．until C．as D．where
6． A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing
7． A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume
8． A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force
9． A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation
10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket
11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length
12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate
13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider
14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response
15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface The second question is easier to answer: a lot.
Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule(分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions(氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
16． What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2
A．To introduce the topic. B．To give some evidence.
C．To define the phenomenon. D．To reveal the misconception.
17． How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing
A．By lowering the temperature. B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up to form a solid structure. D．By stopping the formation of the structure.
18． What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Concentrations. B．Weights. C．Qualities. D．Salts.
19． What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about
A．Other salts won’t disturb local ecology.
B．Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D．Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
20．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
21．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
22．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
27．What is the best title for the text
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
B
Daniel Brush，an astonishing worker in gold，jewels and steel died on November 2022，aged 75.Students from a jewellery school once came to Brush’s studio，a loft in mid-Manhattan，awed to be meeting a figure who，to them，was a worker of miracles.
For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.His wife Olivia was the only company.He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts，most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small.Rather than use electricity，he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own，displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.
Above all else，he worked in gold.His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum.The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder(焊接)，was stunning，but so was the lightness of spirit.
He resolved then that he would make such a bowl，and gold became the study of his life.Simply to watch it melt，turn to red-hot and white-hot，then glow purple，was magical.To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit.His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day.Gold in particular had a message for him.His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.
He developed delicate craftsmanship，with each object virtually a museum piece.For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket，let its beauty pass from mind to mind，and smile.That too was what its maker was after.
28．What can we learn about Daniel Brush
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began to live in his loft in 1975.
C．He tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.
D．Most objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.
29．What is the main reason for his lifelong study of gold
A．He wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.
B．He wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.
D．Gold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.
30．Which of the following can best describe Daniel Brush
A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy.
C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.
31．What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph
A．Brush’s valuable works.
B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire for fame.
D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 32 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 33 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 34 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
35 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 36 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
37．The teacher said to the boy,“Open the door,please!”
→The teacher (warned/told)the boy to open the door.
assign; attach; echo; devote; filter; recognize
38．With a smart home, almost all your electrical devices can to a power wall in each room.
39．A robot housekeeper, whose metallic voice around day and night, has taken over everything in a 2050 house.
40． his life to the work he chose to do, Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.
41． to solve the DNA puzzle, Rosalind worked alone and made one breakthrough after another.
42．Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when the difference between colors.
43．Individuals who speak two languages found it much easier out the distracting words.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
44．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
45．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
46．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
47．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
48．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
49．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
50．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
51． he will come back home is still a question.
52．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
set... apart from, reward... with, stick to, bring... to life, be composed of, arise from, proceed to, apply…to
53．As we know, older people have the higher risk of death or serious injury a fall by accident.
54．Unless real experiences properly, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.
55．The rescue team, 100 medical staff and 120 policemen, came to the flood-stricken area overnight.
56．It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but it requires a strategy and willpower.
57． other competitors by his novel design approaches, the young man won the first prize in the competition.
58．The students have been working hard on their lessons and they are convinced that their efforts success in the end.
59．With ancient civilizations by many vivid pictures, that newly published book on history is well received by readers.
60．Patrick paused to refer to his notes before his later demonstration about the tension between Russia and Ukraine.
选词填空
on behalf of，dozens of，lead to，take measures，deal with，carry out
61．As it known to us all, success lies in hard work while laziness failure.
62．I, our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely to participate in the fruit-picking activity.
63．There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy .
64． to protect endangered animals is what we must do now.
65．The smart girl is accustomed to all kinds of people in her present occupation.
66．The hurricane blew away farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
67．A road trip around Fraser Island is well worth it with rainforests and a diverse range of birds (guarantee) an unforgettable scene.
68．You can come to Beijing for a holiday.If ,I’ll show you around the Summer Palace.
69．My sister advised me (tidy) my room by myself.
70．The boss asked him (explain) why he was late.
71．Shelly said that she (arrive) two days before.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
72．为响应我市“低碳生活”的号召，学生会向全校学生发出了“告别纸巾，使用手帕”(Using Handkerchiefs Instead of Facial Tissue)的倡议。请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：
①使用纸巾的弊端； ②使用手帕的好处； ③呼吁全体学生一起加入。
注意：1. 词数在80左右；
开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：面巾纸facial tissue 手帕handkerchief/hanky
Dear fellow students,
The Students’ Union
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】代词辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、科普知识、说明文、连词辨析
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太平洋和印度洋地区的海啸预警系统。
【详解】
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。
3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋。)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个。)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue独白；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文“‘I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,’ says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. ‘Many of them died.’(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】情节发展、段落大意、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】
16． D
17． D
18． A
19． B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。
【详解】
16． 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear.(盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。)”以及第二句“Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.(相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。)”可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。
17． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.(正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。)”可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。
18． 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.(北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。)”可知，氯离子的浓度增加会使当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以画线词的意思是“浓度”。故选A项。
19． 主旨大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是“All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…(所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行......)”可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
20．A
21．C
22．B
23．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．D 27．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。
25．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
27．主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
【知识点】推理判断、细节理解、艺术、记叙文
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，他使用古老的工艺来制作物品，一生追求艺术理想。
【解析】28．推理判断题。根据第二段末句和第三段末句可知，Daniel Brush不喜欢用电动机器，痴迷传统技巧，即他倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.”可知，他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.”以及后文描述的他对黄金的研究和投入可知，Daniel Brush非常投入和专注。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea...what its maker was after.”可知，作者在最后一段中想要强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想。故选D。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
32．G
33．D
34．B
35．E
36．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
32．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
33．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
34．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
35．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
36．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
37．【答案】told
【知识点】一般现在时、动词不定式作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、现在分词作状语、现在分词表主动意义、语法一致、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
38．be attached
39．echoes
40．Devoting
41．Assigned
42．recognizing
43．to filter
【详解】
38．考查动词和语态。句意：有了智能家居，几乎所有的电气设备都可以连接到每个房间的电源墙上。根据“to a power wall in each room.”可知，此处是指电气设备能够连接到房间的电源墙上，动词attach符合题意，和主语electrical devices是被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，应用be attached构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be attached。
39．考查动词和时态。句意：一个机器人管家，其金属般的声音日夜回荡，接管了2050年的房子里的一切。根据“metallic voice”可知，此处是指声音回荡，动词echo符合题意，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是voice，故填echoes。
40．考查现在分词。句意：钟把自己的一生都奉献给了自己选择的事业，花了大量的时间和精力为中国国家种子银行收集种子。根据“Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.”可知，他把自己的一生都奉献给了自己的事业，动词devote符合题意，句中已有谓语动词spent且无连词，故应用非谓语动词作状语，devote和逻辑主语Zhong之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Devoting。
41．考查过去分词。句意：罗莎琳德被指派解决DNA难题，她独自工作，取得了一个又一个突破。根据句意表示“指派”用动词assign，它和逻辑主语Rosalind之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Assigned。
42．考查现在分词。句意：受他们所说语言的影响，俄罗斯人在识别颜色差异时速度更快。根据“the difference between colors”可知，此处指识别颜色的差异，动词recognize符合题意，此处用非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，recognize和逻辑主语Russian people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recognizing。
43．考查动词不定式。句意：说两种语言的人发现过滤掉令人分心的单词要容易得多。根据“distracting words”可知，此处指过滤掉令人分心的单词，动词filter符合题意，it是形式宾语，此处应用其不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to filter。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
44．that
45．why
46．which
47．whatever
48．where
49．what
50．whoever
51．When
52．how
【详解】
44．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
45．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
46．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
47．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
48．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
49．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
51．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
52．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、动词短语、现在分词表主动意义、省略句、过去分词作状语
【答案】
53．arising from
54．applied to
55．composed of
56．sticking to
57．Set apart from
58．will be rewarded with
59．brought to life
60．proceeding to
【详解】
53．考查短语和非谓语。句意：我们知道，老年人因意外跌倒而死亡或严重受伤的风险较高。结合句意可知，空处需要“由……而起”，短语：arise from“由……引起；起因于”，分析可知，名词injury与动词arise为主谓关系，句中已有谓语have，所以此处用非谓语arising，故填arising from。
54．考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非适当地应用于实际经验，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终也是无用的。分析可知，逗号前为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Unless it was applied to real experiences properly，it指代句子主语book knowledge，从句中使用了was，从句的主语和主句主语一致同时用到了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了it was，故填applied to。
55．考查过去分词。句意：100名医务人员和120名警察组成的救援队连夜赶到灾区。短语：be composed of“由……组成”，句中已有谓语came，所以此处使用非谓语，过去分词，故填composed of。
56．考查动名词作主语。句意：在假期里坚持定期跑步很容易，但是坚持跑步需要策略和意志力。分析可知，空处在句中作but后句子的主语，根据句意，空处的含义为“坚持”，短语：stick to“坚持”，这里表示习惯，所以用动名词作主语，故填sticking to。
57．考查短语和过去分词。句意：这个年轻人凭借其独特的设计方法与其他竞争对手区别开来，在比赛中获得了一等奖。短语：set apart from“把……与……区分开来”，分析可知，空处在句中为状语，句子主语the young man与动词set为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Set apart from。
58．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。由句意可知，空处的内容为“回报”，短语：reward...with...“用……回报”。结合句中“success in the end”可知，最终会成功，因此空处的动作表示“将会发生”，所以时态用一般将来时；努力会得到回报，因而effort与动词reward为被动关系，所以用被动语态。因而空处填will be rewarded with，故填will be rewarded with。
59．考查短语和过去分词。句意：那本新出版的历史书以其生动的图片展现了古老的文明，深受读者的喜爱。短语：bring...to life“使苏醒”，根据空后“by many vivid pictures”可知，此处用过去分词短语作补语，故填brought to life。
60．考查短语和动名词。句意：帕特里克停下来参考了他的笔记，然后继续他后来关于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间紧张关系的示威。根据句意，空处的内容为“继续”，短语：proceed to“继续”，before此处为介词，所以空处用动名词，故填proceeding to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】61．leads to 62．on behalf of 63．was carried out 64．Taking measures 65．dealing with 66．dozens of
【解析】61．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，成功在于勤奋，而懒惰则导致失败。根据success lies in hard work以及while表示对比可知，空处是说懒惰会引发不好的结果，且应使用动词短语作谓语，lead to意为“导致”，符合语境，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语使用第三人称单数形式。故填leads to。
62．考查介词短语。句意：我代表全班同学，热烈而真诚地欢迎你参加摘水果活动。根据句意及空后our class可知，空处表示以班级的名义欢迎对方，on behalf of意为“代表”，符合语境。故填on behalf of。
63．考查动词短语。句意：新政策实施以来，失业率迅速下降。根据句意及空前since the new policy可知，空处应使用动词短语，作从句谓语，carry out意为“实施”，符合语境，since引导的时间状语从句，使用一般过去时，且policy与carry out之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was carried out。
64．考查动词短语。句意：采取措施保护濒危动物是我们现在必须做的事。根据句意及空后to protect endangered animals可知，空处作句子的主语，take measures意为“采取措施”，符合语境，且需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Taking measures。
65．考查动词短语。句意：这个聪明的女孩习惯了在她现在的职业中与各种各样的人打交道。根据句意及空后all kinds of people可知，deal with 意为“与……打交道，处理”，符合语境，be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，故空处应使用动名词形式。故填dealing with。
66．考查固定短语。句意：飓风摧毁了几十个村庄，刮倒了成千上万棵树。根据句意及空前blew away和空后farming villages可知，空处应使用短语dozens of“几十，很多”，作定语，修饰可数名词复数。故填dozens of。
五、单句
【知识点】现在分词作补足语、现在分词表主动意义
67．【答案】guaranteeing　
【详解】围绕弗雷泽岛的公路旅行是非常值得的，那里有热带雨林和各种各样的鸟，保证(让你)记忆深刻。此处应用非谓语动词作with复合结构的宾语补足语，guarantee与复合结构中的宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填guaranteeing。
【知识点】固定句式和习语
68．【答案】so
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
69．【答案】to tidy
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
70．【答案】to explain
【知识点】过去完成时
71．【答案】had arrived
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、学校生活、环境保护、自然生态
72．【答案】Dear fellow students,
Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” . The activity is aimed at raising people’s awareness of low-carbon lifestyle.
As we know, compared to a cotton hanky, it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue . Besides, tissues do create a fair amount of waste. Unlike office paper, once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled. Actually it ends up in landfill. It’s obvious that using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste. So, why not use hankies as a new fashion Come on and join us now. Your little effort will make a big difference.
The Students’ Union
【详解】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封倡议书。
第一步：
审题：倡议书 倡议“告别纸巾，使用手帕”
人称：第三人称
时态：一般现在时
结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分提出倡议，第二部分说明提出倡议“告别纸巾、使用手帕”的原因，第三部分呼吁全体学生一起加入。
要点：
提出倡议：“告别纸巾、使用手帕”，提高人们“低碳生活”的意识
说明提出倡议“告别纸巾、使用手帕”的原因
①使用纸巾的弊端：植树、生产纸巾会消耗生产手帕的三倍的能源；纸巾不能回收利用，造成大量浪费
②使用手帕的好处：消耗更少的资源，造成浪费少
呼吁全体学生一起加入
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语）
launch a campaign；theme；be aimed at；raise people’s awareness of；low-carbon lifestyle；create；recycle；end up；consume；make a big difference
第三步：连词成句
(1)Our school has launched a campaign.
(2) The theme of the campaign is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
(3)The activity is aimed at raising people’s awareness of low-carbon lifestyle.
(4) It takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue.
(5) Tissues create a fair amount of waste.
(6)Once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled.
(7) It ends up in landfill.
(8) Using hankies consumes less resource.
(9) Using hankies causes less waste.
(10)Why not use hankies as a new fashion
(11)Your little effort will make a big difference.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词、亮点词汇)
用whose引导的定语从句连接下面两个句子
(1)Our school has launched a campaign.
(2) The theme of the campaign is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
→Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” .
强调强调下面句子的谓语，以加强语气
(5) Tissues create a fair amount of waste.
→Tissues do create a fair amount of waste.
将第二个句子用现在分词作结果状语，连接下面两个句子
(8) Using hankies consumes less resource.
(9) Using hankies causes less waste.
→Using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste.
适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。
【点睛】
范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如 launch a campaign；be aimed at；raise people’s awareness of；low-carbon lifestyle；create；recycle；end up；consume；make a big difference 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如定语从句的运用Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue” ；句型“It takes … to do …”的运用it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissue；条件状语从句的运用 once a tissue has been used, it can’t be recycled；现在分词作结果状语的运用 It’s obvious that using hankies consumes less resource, thus causing less waste等。
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